CN107219408A - The calibrating installation and calibration method of a kind of array - Google Patents
The calibrating installation and calibration method of a kind of array Download PDFInfo
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- CN107219408A CN107219408A CN201710323824.6A CN201710323824A CN107219408A CN 107219408 A CN107219408 A CN 107219408A CN 201710323824 A CN201710323824 A CN 201710323824A CN 107219408 A CN107219408 A CN 107219408A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of calibration of array antenna and e measurement technology, the calibrating installation and calibration method of specifically a kind of array antenna belong to electronic radio communication technical field.It includes the reception antenna for receiving array signal, the power meter for testing reception signal strength, power meter is connected with reception antenna, also include the array antenna for needing to calibrate, array antenna has multiple array elements, each array element connects power divider respectively through respective phase shifter, and the power divider connects emitter.The advantage of the invention is that：Calibrated without the array to test, highly versatile, both can be used for far field calibration, the self-calibrating inside array can also be realized by built-in termination power, the efficiency of calibration is further improved, thus while testing cost and test speed is reduced, the precision of test is added.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of calibration of array antenna and e measurement technology, specifically a kind of calibration cartridge of array antenna
Put and calibration method, belong to electronic radio communication technical field.
Background technology
Compared to traditional single antenna, array antenna, particularly phased array antenna have many advantages, so having obtained big
Quantifier elimination and application.But the problem of can also produce corresponding.Phased array is as a huge electronic system, on thousands of
How ten thousand antenna elements and corresponding passage, ensure that unit encourages heavy to closing for phased array antenna by correct
Will.Just seem especially important so regularly being calibrated to array.
Realize to the radiation characteristic of the modern phased array comprising tens thousand of units it is an extremely complex problem.For
For the array antenna of present super large caliber, current darkroom scale can not meet far field requirement, planar near field scanning
There is its huge limitation, such as time is longer, there are truncation errors etc..In addition, these methods may be only available for array dress
Test before matching somebody with somebody, is assembled to after corresponding platform once array antenna, to realize that the test to antenna just must be from newly by antenna
Dismantle, this obvious efficiency is very low, particularly some special antennas, such as spaceborne phased array, be even more the thing that can not be completed.Institute
Method to study on-line testing, i.e., just can complete the meaning that just seems to the method for whole array test under work on hand platform
It is great.
Calibration and test at present to array is all mainly the method in microwave dark room with far field test or near-field scan
To complete, but this mode testing efficiency is very low, and for some large-scale array antennas, the scale in darkroom can not expire
The far field test condition of sufficient antenna, meanwhile, test the antenna installation of early stage and move also very inconvenient.
The content of the invention
It can increase the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind while testing cost and test speed is reduced
Plus the calibrating installation and calibration method of the array antenna of measuring accuracy.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the calibrating installation of array antenna of the invention, including for receiving array signal
Reception antenna, receive for testing the power meter of signal strength, power meter be connected with reception antenna, in addition to needs calibration
Array antenna, array antenna has multiple array elements, and each array element is respectively through respective phase shifter connection power point
Orchestration, the power divider connects emitter.
A kind of calibration method of calibrating installation using above-mentioned array antenna, comprises the following steps：
A, according to principle of stacking, the resultant field of computing array：
In formulaThe total electric field of array is represented,The current unit measured is represented, Δ represents the phase shift of the unit
The amount of phase shift of device；The amplitude and phase of all array elements are done into following normalized：
X=φn-φ0 (3)
Formula is done further to become and got in return：
In formula
Y2=(cosX-k)2+sin2X (5)
As can be seen that when the amount of phase shift Δ change of phase shifter, the power of total electric field is in the form of cosine from formula (4)
Change；
B, by below equation the relative excitation amplitude and excitation phase of unit are measured
Wherein
Δ0=-Δmax (13)
QmaxAnd QminThe maximum and minimum value of array total power curve, Δ are represented respectivelymaxRepresent that total electric field power is maximum
Corresponding phase shifter amount of phase shift.
The advantage of the invention is that：Calibrated without the array to test, highly versatile both can be used for far field school
Standard, can also realize the self-calibrating inside array by built-in termination power, further improve the efficiency of calibration, thus exist
While reducing testing cost and test speed, the precision of test is added.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of calibration；
Fig. 2 is the directional diagram of preferable Chebyshev's array；
Fig. 3 represents to introduce the directional diagram after the amplitude phase error of excitation；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of electric rotating vector method；
Fig. 5 represents the curve of array total electric field in calibration process with unit phase place change；
Fig. 6 is the ambiguity resolution principle of solution；
Fig. 7 is the total electric field change curve obtained by electric rotating vector method is emulated；
The flow chart of the whole calibration processes of Fig. 8.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, to the present invention array antenna calibrating installation and calibration method make into
One step is described in detail.
Wherein, Fig. 1 represents the related hardware configuration of whole antenna calibration, specifically includes：One is used for receiving array signal
Reception antenna, for test receive signal strength power meter, need calibrate array antenna；Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represent reason respectively
The directional diagram of the Chebyshev's array thought and Chebyshev's array in the presence of excitation error.By the contrast of two figures, it can be found that
When the excitation of array element has error, array pattern can be by large effect；Fig. 4 illustrates the substantially former of calibration
Reason；As illustrated, the calibrating installation of the array antenna of the present invention, including reception antenna for receiving array signal, for surveying
Try and receive the power meter of signal strength, the power meter is connected with reception antenna, in addition to need the array antenna of calibration, it is described
Array antenna has multiple array elements, and each described array element connects power divider respectively through respective phase shifter,
The power divider connects emitter.
As shown in figure 4, electric field of the array in some direction is equal to the electric field of all array elements in this direction
On superposition.When the phase by phase shifter one unit of change, the total electric field of array also can be with the change of unit electric field
And produce change.By measuring the curve that array total electric field changes with phase shifter amount of phase shift, it is possible to be inferred to active cell
Initial excitation amplitude and phase, excitation and the phase of each array element are finally calculated successively, the purpose of calibration is reached.
The calibration method of the calibrating installation of the above-mentioned array antenna of use of the present invention, according to principle of stacking, the resultant field of array
It can be expressed as：
In formulaThe total electric field of array is represented,The current unit measured is represented, Δ represents the phase shift of the unit
The amount of phase shift of device.Represent for convenience, the amplitude and phase of all array elements are done into following normalized here：
X=φn-φ0 (3)
Formula is done further to become and got in return：
In formula
Y2=(cosX-k)2+sin2X (5)
As can be seen that when the amount of phase shift Δ change of phase shifter, the power of total electric field is in the form of cosine from formula (4)
Change.That is, when we change the phase of the unit of some in array from 0~2pi successively, and change a phase
The general power of an array is just measured, the change curve of the array resultant field power of last test should be a cosine curve, so
The relative excitation amplitude and excitation phase of unit can just be measured by below equation afterwards.
Wherein
Δ0=-Δmax (13)
QmaxAnd QminThe maximum and minimum value of array total power curve, Δ are represented respectivelymaxRepresent that total electric field power is maximum
Corresponding phase shifter amount of phase shift.
Fig. 5 represents the electric field changed power curve during surveying, and Fig. 7 simulation result also further confirms this
Point.
Fig. 6 represents the decision method to bilingual problem present in calibration process, and specific method is as follows：
For same group of measurement data, it may appear that two solutions, this will produce the phenomenon solved more.As shown in fig. 6, working as K<Y,
At this moment solution corresponds to the K1 and X1 of formula (7) and (8), works as K>Y, solution at this moment is corresponding to formula (9) and the K2 and X2 of (10).Solve
Ambiguous specific method of solution is as follows：
If a, within the whole phase place change cycle, the phase place change of total electric field is less than 180 °, then corresponding solution is K1
And X1, otherwise corresponding solution is K2 and X2.
The different initial phases distribution of b, two kinds of setting, is then solved using electric rotating vector method respectively.Due to two kinds of shapes
State；Under the relation of excitation of each unit be known.The excitation then solved using electric rotating vector method under two states
Known relation should be met.Can then be found from four groups of next solutions are solved twice can mutual corresponding solution.Can be with such as
Lower formula explanation
I=[I1,I2,I3……In] (14)
Wherein I represents the excitation of array initially, and I ' expressions are on the basis of initial excitation, by phase shifter to each unit
Apply in a known phase-shift phase, i.e. formula (15)It can clearly obtain
It is k to be located at two kinds of solutions for being actuated to solve to come in the case of I1, X1And k2, X2.Asked in the case where being actuated to I '
The two kinds of solutions solved are respectively k1', X1' and k2', X2′.As shown in table (1)
Table (1)
What these four situations can meet formula (15) relation is just correct solution.
A, can be by the initial excitation of adjustment unit so that K<What Y was always set up, it is so corresponding just there was only one all the time
Individual solution.In its tangible general big array, K<This condition of Y is exactly naturally to set up, so should not usually judge that solution can just be obtained
To final solution.
In summary, first method is due to needing to know the phase of total electric field, and this just loses electric rotating vector method most
Big advantage, that is, only need to amplitude measurement.So with significant limitation.Second due to need increase measurement number of times and
Measuring process, can cause the extension of testing time, general using also less.By contrast, the third method is in majority of case
Under be all applicable, and testing cost will not be increased, so using more.Certainly it is some in particular cases, the third method be tired of
People's precondition may be unsatisfactory for, and be at this moment accomplished by flexibly integrating the first and second method is tested.
Fig. 8 represents total test flow chart；
As can be seen that compared to the directional diagram before calibration, be improved significantly.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of calibrating installation of array antenna, it is characterised in that：Including the reception antenna for receiving array signal, for surveying
Try and receive the power meter of signal strength, the power meter is connected with reception antenna, in addition to need the array antenna of calibration, it is described
Array antenna has multiple array elements, and each described array element connects power divider respectively through respective phase shifter,
The power divider connects emitter.
2. the calibration method of a kind of calibrating installation using array antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
A, according to principle of stacking, the resultant field of computing array：
In formulaThe total electric field of array is represented,The current unit measured is represented, Δ represents the shifting of the phase shifter of the unit
Phasor；The amplitude and phase of all array elements are done into following normalized：
X=φn-φ0 (3)
Formula is done further to become and got in return：
In formula
Y2=(cosX-k)2+sin2X (5)
From formula (4) as can be seen that when the amount of phase shift Δ change of phase shifter, the change of the power of total electric field in the form of cosine
Change；
B, by below equation the relative excitation amplitude and excitation phase of unit are measured
Wherein
Δ0=-Δmax (13)
QmaxAnd QminThe maximum and minimum value of array total power curve, Δ are represented respectivelymaxRepresent total electric field power maximum correspondence
Phase shifter amount of phase shift.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109444561A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-03-08 | 成都德杉科技有限公司 | A kind of antenna surface measurement method for array antenna calibration |
| CN109459735A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement |
| CN109541510A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | One kind being suitable for array radiation meter channel calibration of amplitude and phase method and device |
| CN109541324A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Element antenna phase center measurement method in a kind of battle array based on Compact Range |
| CN109633287A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of quick calibration of amplitude and phase method of phased array merely with amplitude measurement |
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| CN101483274A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2009-07-15 | 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五○四研究所 | External calibration method for phase variable power detecting array antenna |
| CN101904051A (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-12-01 | 波音公司 | Method for accurate auto-calibration of phased array antennas |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109444561A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-03-08 | 成都德杉科技有限公司 | A kind of antenna surface measurement method for array antenna calibration |
| CN109444561B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-04-23 | 成都德杉科技有限公司 | Antenna surface measuring method for array antenna calibration |
| CN109541510A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | One kind being suitable for array radiation meter channel calibration of amplitude and phase method and device |
| CN109541324A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Element antenna phase center measurement method in a kind of battle array based on Compact Range |
| CN109541510B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-04-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Channel amplitude and phase calibration method and device suitable for array radiometer |
| CN109459735A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement |
| CN109633287A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of quick calibration of amplitude and phase method of phased array merely with amplitude measurement |
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