CN109459735A - A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement - Google Patents

A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109459735A
CN109459735A CN201811546926.5A CN201811546926A CN109459735A CN 109459735 A CN109459735 A CN 109459735A CN 201811546926 A CN201811546926 A CN 201811546926A CN 109459735 A CN109459735 A CN 109459735A
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China
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radiation field
phase
synthesis
unit
width
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齐宏业
杜彪
韩国栋
位静云
杨国栋
卢炜
冯昊程
王颖
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CETC 54 Research Institute
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CETC 54 Research Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of phased array quick calibration methods based on three-phase amplitude measurement, the solution that this method is mutually worth each array element width, it is only necessary in the case where three kinds of fronts are with phase state, the synthesis field amplitude of whole battle array be measured respectively, by measuring range value, the width for calculating array element is mutually worth.In a calibration process, the present invention only needs to measure the amplitude of radiation field, avoids phase measurement error and is mutually worth solution bring adverse effect to unit width;For N element array, amplitude measurement number needed for the invention is 3N times, substantially increases phased array antenna calibration timeliness;The invention changes simultaneously multiple unit phases, and the amplitude of global radiation field is made to be changed significantly, and reduction measurement error influences, and promotes calibration accuracy.

Description

A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement
Technical field
Field of the present invention is antenna measurement field, in the phase for satellite communication, radar detection, electronic countermeasure etc. Controlling in array antenna measurement and calibration has preferable applicability, the quick mark of the amplitude phase error especially suitable for phased array antenna School.
Background technique
For phased array antenna after the assembly is completed, the amplitude phase error between array element is to restrict phased array antenna to play its electrical property Key factor, such as reduce gain, raise secondary lobe and cause beam position deviation.Therefore phased array antenna is coming into operation Before, it is necessary to its amplitude phase error is measured and calibrated.
All the time, the calibration method of phased array antenna is the research hotspot of phased array antenna fields of measurement.Phased array day Line calibration obtains each array element width by certain measurement method and is mutually distributed, and then carries out width and mutually compensates, makes up the width between array element Phase error.Calibration method, can be divided into two classes by the means that can be mutually distributed according to array element width is obtained, and the first kind is that amplitude and phase are surveyed Amount, the second class are only amplitude measurements.It is known that amplitude is more easily accurately obtained relative to phase for antenna system, Reason is that antenna system is open system, and phase information is easy to be influenced by test macro and test environment, thus band Carry out test error.Therefore relative to first kind method, the second class method is with more accurate and practicability.However at present for only needing Second class method of amplitude measurement, needed for amplitude testing time it is more, be otherwise unable to satisfy the solution that array element width is mutually distributed Condition, amplitude measurement number are the key factors for directly affecting front prover time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention improves on the basis of prior art, provides a kind of calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement, The solution that each array element width is mutually worth, it is only necessary in three kinds of fronts under phase state, respectively to the synthesis field amplitude of front into Row measurement, by measuring range value, the width for calculating array element is mutually worth.It can be seen that the method reduce front synthesis field amplitudes to survey Number is measured, the timeliness of calibration is improved.
To solve the problems, such as calibration timeliness, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement, including set up phased array antenna 1 to be measured and loudspeaker Antenna 2, phased array antenna 1 to be measured connect frequency spectrograph 6,2 connecting signal source 5 of standard horn antenna, phased array antenna 1 to be measured with Electromagnetic horn 2 establishes communication, it is characterised in that:
1. being grouped, phased array antenna 1 to be measured includes N number of antenna element, and the antenna array of phased array antenna 1 to be measured is divided into N group, any one group of i include MiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase holding unit;
2. recording, matches at three kinds for i-th group and synthesize radiation field performance number under phase.Change simultaneously phase change unit three times Channel amount of phase shift Δ, Δ is respectively 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and successively records the performance number on frequency spectrograph 6, is denoted as Pi1、Pi2、Pi3
3. calculating MiThe synthesis radiation field and N-M of a phase change unitiThe phase of the synthesis radiation field of a phase holding unit Potential difference.By Pi1、Pi2、Pi3Substitute into following formula
Acquire MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field and N-MiThe phase difference of a phase holding unit synthesis radiation field Φi1i2
4. calculating MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field range value of a phase holding unit.By Pi1、Pi2、 Pi3Substitute into following formula
Acquire MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field range value of a phase holding unit;
5. calculating MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array global radiation field.By phase difference Φi1i2With range value Ai1And Ai2Bring following formula into
Acquire MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array global radiation field;
6. the width for solving phase change unit synthesis radiation field whole battle array global radiation field relatively in remaining N-1 grouping is mutually worth, Repeat step 2., step 3., step 4. and step 5., acquire it is remaining N-1 grouping in phase change unit synthesize radiation field The width of whole battle array global radiation field relatively is mutually worth;
7. compensation calibration width is asked mutually to be worth.Radiation field whole battle array global radiation field relatively is synthesized by the N number of phase change unit acquired Width be mutually worth and establish following matrix form
Wherein, HN×NFor N level matrix number;Column vectorIt is expressed as unit radiation Field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array resultant field;Column vectorIt is expressed as having solved to obtain Every grouping in phase change unit synthesis radiation field be mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array.
Final radiation field of each element is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array resultant field to be expressed as
By what is solvedIt is handed down to phased array antenna 1 to be measured, front school can be realized It is quasi-.
Further, step 2. in also need to carry out it is following calculate, in i-th group of record at three kinds with synthesizing spoke under phase The general power of antenna array synthesis radiation field is indicated before penetrating a performance number.
Any one group of i includes MiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase holding unit, MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit It indicates are as follows:
Wherein, Ai1For MiThe amplitude of the synthesis radiation field of a unit, Φi1For MiThe initial phase of the synthesis radiation field of a unit Position, Δ MiThe channel amount of phase shift that a unit changes simultaneously.
Remaining N-MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit indicates are as follows:
Wherein, Ai2And Φi2The respectively synthesis radiation field amplitude and phase of phase holding unit.
The totalizing wattmeter of antenna array synthesis radiation field in this way is shown as:
Wherein, Φi1i2For MiThe synthesis radiation field and N-M of a phase change unitiThe synthesis of a phase holding unit The phase difference of radiation field, Ai1And Ai2Respectively MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field width of a phase holding unit Angle value.
Further, the MiLess than N-Mi, MiMore than or equal to 1.
The invention has the advantage that compared to background technique
1, it only needs to measure the amplitude of radiation field, avoids phase measurement error and solution bring is mutually worth to unit width Adverse effect.
2, for N element array, amplitude measurement number needed for the invention is 3N times, when substantially increasing phased array antenna calibration Effect property;
3, multiple unit phases are changed simultaneously, the amplitude of global radiation field is made to be changed significantly, reduction measurement error influences, and is promoted Calibration accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is phased array antenna calibration schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is 16 yuan of phased array antenna calibration grouping schematic diagrames.
Specific embodiment
For convenience of understanding, below by taking 16 yuan of phased array receiving antennas as an example, detailed description of the present invention calibration process.
Early-stage preparations provide phased array calibration scene according to Fig. 1, set up phased array antenna 1 to be measured, standard horn antenna 2 And subsidiary equipment, electromagnetic horn 2 is placed into the far-field region of phased array antenna 1 to be measured, and control by control equipment 3 Antenna rotating platform 4 is aligned the front center of phased array antenna 1 to be measured with the aperture centre of electromagnetic horn 2, is connected by radio-frequency cable Signal source 5 and standard horn antenna 2 are connect, frequency spectrograph 6 and phased array antenna 1 to be measured are connected by radio-frequency cable, pass through control line Cable connects phased array antenna 1 to be measured and control equipment 3.
Frequency spectrograph 6 and signal source 5 are opened, and calibration frequency point is set.Phased array antenna to be measured is owned by control equipment 3 It opens in channel.
1. being grouped, according to packet mode shown in Fig. 2, antenna array is divided into 16 groups, every group includes 3 phase change lists Member, 13 phase holding units.
2. recording, for the 1st group, change simultaneously the channel amount of phase shift Δ of selected unit three times, Δ is respectively 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, serial number i is defined, and successively records the performance number on frequency spectrograph 6, is denoted as P11、P12、P13.Antenna array synthesizes radiation field Totalizing wattmeter be shown as:
In the case of three kinds of phase shifts, global radiation field power is expressed as
Simple transformation is carried out to formula (4), is obtained
It is solved by formula (5) and formula (6)
Since 3 less than 13, amplitude Ai1Less than Ai2, Φi1i2For 3 phase change units synthesis radiation field with The phase difference of the synthesis radiation field of 13 phase holding units, Ai1And Ai2Respectively 3 phase change units and 13 phases are protected Hold the synthesis radiation field range value of unit.
It is solved at this time by formula (7) and formula (8)
The amplitude and phase of the synthesis radiation field of phase change unit whole battle array global radiation field relatively are expressed as in such i-th group
The synthesis radiation field of 3 phase change units in the 1st group can be calculated relative to global radiation field by formula (9-11) Width be mutually worth.
Step 6 repeats step 4 and 5, calculates the synthesis radiation field of phase change unit in other 15 groups relative to global radiation The width of field is mutually worth.
Step 7 synthesizes after field width are mutually worth solution completing all grouping phase change units, can be calculated using formula (16) All units are mutually distributed relative to the width of whole battle array, wherein invertible matrix H16×16By H4×4Constitute block diagonal matrix, H4×4Using following Ring displacement mode generates.
Step 8 is mutually distributed by acquiring front width and each channel can be obtained the calibration width compensated is needed mutually to be worth, and completes front school It is quasi-.
According to above-mentioned steps, it is assumed that channel phase shifters' digit is 6, and the required amplitude measurement number of the present invention is 16 × 3 =48 times, and amplitude measurement number needed for using existing electric rotating vector calibration method is close to 16 × 26=1024 times, because This present invention substantially reduces amplitude measurement number, can fast implement front calibration.
The comparison of table 1 the method for the present invention and electric rotating vector method
Amplitude measurement number
The method of the present invention 48 times
Existing electric rotating vector method 1024 times
Embodiment 2:
N member phased array antenna is needed to solve all array element width and be mutually worth, i.e., the battle array shares N number of unknown to realize calibration Amount.For the solution for realizing N number of unknown quantity, need to establish N number of equation.
Antenna array is divided into N group.It altogether include M for i-th groupiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase keeps single Member, wherein MiLess than N-Mi, can be 1.MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit is expressed as
Wherein, Ai1For MiThe amplitude of the synthesis radiation field of a unit, Φi1For MiThe initial phase of the synthesis radiation field of a unit Position, Δ MiThe channel amount of phase shift that a unit changes simultaneously.In the case, remaining N-MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit indicates For
Wherein, Ai2And Φi2The respectively synthesis radiation field amplitude and initial phase of phase holding unit.
The totalizing wattmeter of antenna array synthesis radiation field is shown as
There are three unknown quantitys, respectively A for formula (3)i1、Ai2And Φi1i2, survey can be passed through by synthesizing radiation field general power It measures.To acquire Ai1、Ai2And Φi1i2, using the controllable feature of phased array antenna channel phases, it is only necessary to change three times Amount of phase shift Δ, Δ take 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and measure antenna array total radiant power respectively.In the case of three kinds of phase shifts, global radiation Field power is expressed as
Simple transformation is carried out to formula (4), is obtained
It is solved by formula (5) and formula (6)
Due to MiLess than N-Mi, therefore amplitude Ai1Less than Ai2, solved at this time by formula (7) and formula (8)
The amplitude and phase of the synthesis radiation field of phase change unit whole battle array global radiation field relatively are expressed as in such i-th group
The relatively whole battle array global radiation of synthesis radiation field that phase change unit in other groups can successively be acquired according to the above method The amplitude and phase of field.N number of equation is established in this way, equation group is expressed as with matrix form
Wherein HN×NFor N level matrix number, each behavior is made of 1 and 0, and 1 represents every group of phase change unit, and 0 represents phase Position holding unit;Column vectorRadiation field of each element is expressed as relative to whole battle array radiation field Width is mutually worth;Column vectorIt is expressed as phase change list in every group solved Member synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array.
By being rationally grouped, matrix H can be made reversible, which can be used hadamard matrix form, and circulation also can be used and move The matrix form that position is constituted.Such as 4 rank matrix Hs4×4, as shown in formula (13), the first behavior [1,1,1,0], with the first behavior Benchmark, second the first row element of behavior cyclic shift 1 time to the right, third behavior the first row cyclic shift 2 times to the right, according to this rule Every row element then can be obtained;For 5 rank matrix Hs5×5, as shown in formula (14), the first behavior [1,1,1,0,0], by successively to the right Every row element can be obtained in cyclic shift.In addition, equally reversible such as right by the block diagonal matrix that cyclic shift mode generates In 12 rank matrix Hs12×12, as shown in formula (15), which is by H4×4The block diagonal matrix of composition.
The width of final front, which is mutually distributed, to be expressed as
Mutually being distributed by the width of front can be obtained each channel the calibration width compensated is needed mutually to be worth, to realize front calibration.
Embodiment 3, a kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement, including set up phased array day to be measured Line 1 and electromagnetic horn 2, phased array antenna 1 to be measured connect frequency spectrograph 6,2 connecting signal source 5 of standard horn antenna, phased array to be measured Antenna 1 is communicated with the foundation of electromagnetic horn 2, it is characterised in that:
1. being grouped, phased array antenna 1 to be measured includes N number of antenna element, and the antenna array of phased array antenna 1 to be measured is divided into N group, any one group of i include MiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase holding unit;
2. recording, show the general power of antenna array synthesis radiation field.
Any one group of i includes MiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase holding unit, MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit It indicates are as follows:
Wherein, Ai1For MiThe amplitude of the synthesis radiation field of a unit, Φi1For MiThe initial phase of the synthesis radiation field of a unit Position, Δ MiThe channel amount of phase shift that a unit changes simultaneously.
Remaining N-MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit indicates are as follows:
Wherein, Ai2And Φi2The respectively synthesis radiation field amplitude and phase of phase holding unit.
The totalizing wattmeter of antenna array synthesis radiation field in this way is shown as:
Wherein, Φi1i2For MiThe synthesis radiation field and N-M of a phase change unitiThe synthesis of a phase holding unit The phase difference of radiation field, Ai1And Ai2Respectively MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field width of a phase holding unit Angle value.
Match at three kinds for i-th group and synthesize radiation field performance number under phase, the channel for changing simultaneously phase change unit three times is moved Phasor Δ, Δ is respectively 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and successively records the performance number on frequency spectrograph 6, is denoted as Pi1、Pi2、Pi3
3. calculating MiThe synthesis radiation field and N-M of a phase change unitiThe phase of the synthesis radiation field of a phase holding unit Potential difference.By Pi1、Pi2、Pi3Substitute into following formula
Acquire MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field and N-MiThe phase difference of a phase holding unit synthesis radiation field Φi1i2
4. calculating MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field range value of a phase holding unit.By Pi1、Pi2、 Pi3Substitute into following formula
Acquire MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field range value of a phase holding unit;
5. calculating MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array global radiation field.By phase difference Φi1i2With range value Ai1And Ai2Bring following formula into
Acquire MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array global radiation field;
6. the width for solving phase change unit synthesis radiation field whole battle array global radiation field relatively in remaining N-1 grouping is mutually worth, Repeat step 2., step 3., step 4. and step 5., acquire it is remaining N-1 grouping in phase change unit synthesize radiation field The width of whole battle array global radiation field relatively is mutually worth;
7. compensation calibration width is asked mutually to be worth.Radiation field whole battle array global radiation field relatively is synthesized by the N number of phase change unit acquired Width be mutually worth and establish following matrix form
Wherein, HN×NFor N level matrix number;Column vectorIt is expressed as unit radiation Field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array resultant field;Column vectorIt is expressed as having solved to obtain Every grouping in phase change unit synthesis radiation field be mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array.
Final radiation field of each element is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array resultant field to be expressed as
By what is solvedIt is handed down to phased array antenna 1 to be measured, front school can be realized It is quasi-.
Step 2. in also need to carry out it is following calculate, in i-th group of record at three kinds with synthesizing radiation field power under phase Table is wanted before value
The MiLess than N-Mi, MiMore than or equal to 1.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement, including set up phased array antenna 1 to be measured and loudspeaker Antenna 2, phased array antenna 1 to be measured connect frequency spectrograph 6,2 connecting signal source 5 of standard horn antenna, phased array antenna 1 to be measured and loudspeaker Antenna 2 establishes communication, it is characterised in that:
1. being grouped, phased array antenna 1 to be measured includes N number of antenna element, and the antenna array of phased array antenna 1 to be measured is divided into N group, Any one group of i includes MiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase holding unit;
2. recording, matches at three kinds for i-th group and synthesize radiation field performance number under phase.Change simultaneously the channel of phase change unit three times Amount of phase shift Δ, Δ is respectively 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and successively records the performance number on frequency spectrograph 6, is denoted as Pi1、Pi2、Pi3
3. calculating MiThe synthesis radiation field and N-M of a phase change unitiThe phase of the synthesis radiation field of a phase holding unit Difference.By Pi1、Pi2、Pi3Substitute into following formula
Acquire MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field and N-MiThe phase difference Φ of a phase holding unit synthesis radiation fieldi1- Φi2
4. calculating MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field range value of a phase holding unit.By Pi1、Pi2、Pi3Generation Enter following formula
Acquire MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis radiation field range value of a phase holding unit;
5. calculating MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array global radiation field.By phase difference Φi1- Φi2With range value Ai1And Ai2Bring following formula into
Acquire MiA phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array global radiation field;
6. the width for solving phase change unit synthesis radiation field whole battle array global radiation field relatively in remaining N-1 grouping is mutually worth, repeat Step 2., step 3., step 4. and step 5., acquire it is remaining N-1 grouping in phase change unit synthesis radiation field it is opposite The width of whole battle array global radiation field is mutually worth;
7. compensation calibration width is asked mutually to be worth.The width of radiation field whole battle array global radiation field relatively is synthesized by the N number of phase change unit acquired Mutually value establishes following matrix form
Wherein, HN×NFor N level matrix number;Column vectorIt is opposite to be expressed as radiation field of each element Mutually it is worth in the width of whole battle array resultant field;Column vectorIt is expressed as every point solved Phase change unit synthesis radiation field is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array in group.
Final radiation field of each element is mutually worth relative to the width of whole battle array resultant field to be expressed as
By what is solvedIt is handed down to phased array antenna 1 to be measured, front calibration can be realized.
2. a kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Step 2. in also need to carry out it is following calculate, in i-th group of record at three kinds with being wanted before synthesizing radiation field performance number under phase Indicate the general power of antenna array synthesis radiation field.
Any one group of i includes MiA phase change unit and N-MiA phase holding unit, MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit indicates Are as follows:
Wherein, Ai1For MiThe amplitude of the synthesis radiation field of a unit, Φi1For MiThe initial phase of the synthesis radiation field of a unit, Δ is MiThe channel amount of phase shift that a unit changes simultaneously.
Remaining N-MiThe synthesis radiation field of a unit indicates are as follows:
Wherein, Ai2And Φi2The respectively synthesis radiation field amplitude and phase of phase holding unit.
The totalizing wattmeter of antenna array synthesis radiation field in this way is shown as:
Wherein, Φi1i2For MiThe synthesis radiation field and N-M of a phase change unitiThe synthesis of a phase holding unit radiates The phase difference of field, Ai1And Ai2Respectively MiA phase change unit and N-MiThe synthesis of a phase holding unit radiates field amplitude Value.
3. a kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The MiLess than N-Mi, MiMore than or equal to 1.
CN201811546926.5A 2018-12-18 2018-12-18 A kind of phased array quick calibration method based on three-phase amplitude measurement Pending CN109459735A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190312