CN108892482A - 一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108892482A
CN108892482A CN201810869917.3A CN201810869917A CN108892482A CN 108892482 A CN108892482 A CN 108892482A CN 201810869917 A CN201810869917 A CN 201810869917A CN 108892482 A CN108892482 A CN 108892482A
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ceramic material
aluminium titanates
steel fibre
heat resistance
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夏放军
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Foshan Jihe Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土、伊利石、水铝石、金红石、聚乙烯醇、燧石、钢纤维、锂云母、透闪石、钛酸铝、莫来石、铁粉、钾长石、蛇纹石和重晶石；采用的原料增加了陶瓷材料的力学性能；其中钛酸铝和莫来石能形成固溶体，且存在于钛酸铝的晶界，由于晶界固溶体的存在改变了晶界的结构和性质，晶界和晶粒组成及结构的差异，晶粒受到包裹晶界压力的作用，使钛酸铝受到压缩，而莫来石晶粒分布在钛酸铝周围，对其产生应力作用，从而提高了抗热震性；钢纤维能提高陶瓷材料的力学性能，铁粉能加强钢纤维和陶瓷材料的的界面结合力和改善相容性的问题，铁粉协同钢纤维能起到增韧的效果。

Description

一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
原来的陶瓷就是指陶器和瓷器的通称。也就是通过成型和高温烧结所得到的成型烧结体。传统的陶瓷材料主要是指硅铝酸盐。刚开始的时候人们对硅铝酸盐的选择要求不高，纯度不大，颗粒的粒度也不均一，成型压强不高。这时得到陶瓷称为传统陶瓷。后来发展到纯度高，粒度小且均一，成型压强高，进行烧结得到的烧结体叫做精细陶瓷。接下来的阶段，人们研究构成陶瓷的陶瓷材料的基础，使陶瓷的概念发生了很大的变化。陶瓷内部的力学性能是与构成陶瓷的材料的化学键结构有关，在形成晶体时能够形成比较强的三维网状结构的化学物质都可以作为陶瓷的材料。这重要包括比较强的离子键的离子化合物，能够形成原子晶体的单质和化合物，以及形成金属晶体的物质。他们都可以作为陶瓷材料。其次人们借鉴三维成键的特点发展了纤维增强复合材料。更进一步拓宽了陶瓷材料的范围。因此陶瓷材料发展成了可以借助三维成键的材料的通称。陶瓷的概念就发展成为可以借助三维成键的材料，通过成型和高温烧结所得到的烧结体。而现有的陶瓷几乎没有塑性，而且陶瓷一般导热性差，在高温条件下，温度变化引起的应力梯度大，陶瓷材料容易在热震冲击条件下损坏，而现有的陶瓷材料大多数抗热震性差，坚韧度不够。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种具有高抗热震性和高韧性的陶瓷材料。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案是：
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土57-63份、伊利石21-27份、水铝石19-23份、金红石17-19份、聚乙烯醇17-19份、燧石13-17份、钢纤维13-17份、锂云母12-16份、透闪石10-12份、钛酸铝9-11份、莫来石9-11份、铁粉7-11份、钾长石6-8份、蛇纹石5-7份和重晶石5-7份。
进一步的，所述高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土63份、伊利石21份、水铝石19份、金红石17份、聚乙烯醇17份、燧石13份、钢纤维13份、锂云母12份、透闪石10份、钛酸铝9份、莫来石9份、铁粉7份、钾长石6份、蛇纹石5份和重晶石5份。
进一步的，所述高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土57份、伊利石27份、水铝石23份、金红石19份、聚乙烯醇19份、燧石17份、钢纤维17份、锂云母16份、透闪石12份、钛酸铝11份、莫来石11份、铁粉11份、钾长石8份、蛇纹石7份和重晶石7份。
进一步的，所述高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土60份、伊利石24份、水铝石21份、金红石18份、聚乙烯醇18份、燧石15份、钢纤维15份、锂云母14份、透闪石11份、钛酸铝10份、莫来石10份、铁粉9份、钾长石7份、蛇纹石6份和重晶石6份。
本发明的有益效果:采用的原料增加了陶瓷材料的力学性能；其中钛酸铝和莫来石能形成固溶体，且存在于钛酸铝的晶界，由于晶界固溶体的存在改变了晶界的结构和性质，晶界和晶粒组成及结构的差异，晶粒受到包裹晶界压力的作用，使钛酸铝受到压缩，而莫来石晶粒分布在钛酸铝周围，对其产生应力作用，从而提高了抗热震性；钢纤维能提高陶瓷材料的力学性能，铁粉能加强钢纤维和陶瓷材料的的界面结合力和改善相容性的问题，铁粉协同钢纤维能起到增韧的效果。
具体实施方法
实施例1
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土63份、伊利石21份、水铝石19份、金红石17份、聚乙烯醇17份、燧石13份、钢纤维13份、锂云母12份、透闪石10份、钛酸铝9份、莫来石9份、铁粉7份、钾长石6份、蛇纹石5份和重晶石5份。
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤:
1)取高岭土63份、伊利石21份、水铝石19份、金红石17份和燧石13份，使用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉末大小为300目，然后使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为80rpm，时间为16min，制得第一搅拌混合料，备用；
2)将步骤1)制得第一搅拌混合料进行热压处理，热压处理温度为135℃，压力为1.4MPa,时间为20min，制得第一热压混合料，备用；
3)取钢纤维13份、锂云母12份、透闪石10份、钛酸铝9份、莫来石9份、钾长石6份、蛇纹石5份和重晶石5份，使用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉末大小为250目，然后使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为120rpm，时间为7min，制得第二搅拌混合料，备用；
4)将步骤3)制得第二搅拌混合料进行烘烤，烘烤温度为120℃，时间为50min，然后将烘烤温度提升到150℃，时间为5h，最后将温度降为100℃，时间为3h，制得烘烤料，备用；
5)将步骤2)制得第一热压混合料和步骤4)制得烘烤料放进容器内，使用球磨机进行粉碎，球磨机转速率应为80％，粉末大小为3um，制得粉末料，备用；
6)将步骤5)制得粉末料放进容器内，加入聚乙烯醇17份和铁粉7份，使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为50rpm，时间为14min，搅拌完后密封静置3h，制得静置混合料，备用；
7)将步骤6)制得静置混合料进行制坯，将制得的坯体进行烧结，烧结温度为220℃，时间为10min，再将温度提升为350℃，时间为50min，再将温度提升到1250℃，时间为3h，最后将温度提升为1550℃，时间为30min，即得。
实施例2
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土57份、伊利石27份、水铝石23份、金红石19份、聚乙烯醇19份、燧石17份、钢纤维17份、锂云母16份、透闪石12份、钛酸铝11份、莫来石11份、铁粉11份、钾长石8份、蛇纹石7份和重晶石7份。
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤:
1)取高岭土57份、伊利石27份、水铝石23份、金红石19份和燧石17份，使用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉末大小为250目，然后使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为60rpm，时间为10min，制得第一搅拌混合料，备用；
2)将步骤1)制得第一搅拌混合料进行热压处理，热压处理温度为125℃，压力为1.2MPa,时间为16min，制得第一热压混合料，备用；
3)取钢纤维17份、锂云母16份、透闪石12份、钛酸铝11份、莫来石11份、钾长石8份、蛇纹石7份和重晶石7份，使用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉末大小为200目，然后使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为100rpm，时间为5min，制得第二搅拌混合料，备用；
4)将步骤3)制得第二搅拌混合料进行烘烤，烘烤温度为100℃，时间为30min，然后将烘烤温度提升到130℃，时间为3h，最后将温度降为90℃，时间为1h，制得烘烤料，备用；
5)将步骤2)制得第一热压混合料和步骤4)制得烘烤料放进容器内，使用球磨机进行粉碎，球磨机转速率应为70％，粉末大小为1um，制得粉末料，备用；
6)将步骤5)制得粉末料放进容器内，加入聚乙烯醇19份和铁粉11份，使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为30rpm，时间为10min，搅拌完后密封静置1h，制得静置混合料，备用；
7)将步骤6)制得静置混合料进行制坯，将制得的坯体进行烧结，烧结温度为200℃，时间为6min，再将温度提升为300℃，时间为30min，再将温度提升到1200℃，时间为1h，最后将温度提升为1500℃，时间为20min，即得。
实施例3
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土60份、伊利石24份、水铝石21份、金红石18份、聚乙烯醇18份、燧石15份、钢纤维15份、锂云母14份、透闪石11份、钛酸铝10份、莫来石10份、铁粉9份、钾长石7份、蛇纹石6份和重晶石6份。
一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤:
1)取高岭土60份、伊利石24份、水铝石21份、金红石18份和燧石15份，使用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉末大小为275目，然后使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为70rpm，时间为13min，制得第一搅拌混合料，备用；
2)将步骤1)制得第一搅拌混合料进行热压处理，热压处理温度为130℃，压力为1.3MPa,时间为18min，制得第一热压混合料，备用；
3)取钢纤维14份、锂云母14份、透闪石11份、钛酸铝10份、莫来石10份、钾长石7份、蛇纹石6份和重晶石6份，使用粉碎机进行粉碎，粉末大小为225目，然后使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为110rpm，时间为6min，制得第二搅拌混合料，备用；
4)将步骤3)制得第二搅拌混合料进行烘烤，烘烤温度为110℃，时间为40min，然后将烘烤温度提升到140℃，时间为4h，最后将温度降为95℃，时间为2h，制得烘烤料，备用；
5)将步骤2)制得第一热压混合料和步骤4)制得烘烤料放进容器内，使用球磨机进行粉碎，球磨机转速率应为75％，粉末大小为2um，制得粉末料，备用；
6)将步骤5)制得粉末料放进容器内，加入聚乙烯醇18份和铁粉9份，使用搅拌机进行搅拌混合，搅拌速度为40rpm，时间为12min，搅拌完后密封静置2h，制得静置混合料，备用；
7)将步骤6)制得静置混合料进行制坯，将制得的坯体进行烧结，烧结温度为210℃，时间为8min，再将温度提升为325℃，时间为40min，再将温度提升到1225℃，时间为2h，最后将温度提升为1525℃，时间为25min，即得。
实验例：
选取氧化铝陶瓷材料为对照组，选取本发明实施例三制备的高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料为实验组。
实验对象，氧化铝陶瓷材料和本发明实施例三制备的高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料。
实验要求，对氧化铝陶瓷材料和本发明实施例三制备的高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料进行性能测试。
表1为对实验对象进行性能测试采集信息所得结果
表1
结合表格1，对比氧化铝陶瓷材料和本发明实施例三制备的高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，可以看出本发明一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料不仅具有高抗热震性和高韧性，还具有高硬度和高导热性能。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土57-63份、伊利石21-27份、水铝石19-23份、金红石17-19份、聚乙烯醇17-19份、燧石13-17份、钢纤维13-17份、锂云母12-16份、透闪石10-12份、钛酸铝9-11份、莫来石9-11份、铁粉7-11份、钾长石6-8份、蛇纹石5-7份和重晶石5-7份。
2.如权利要求1所述一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土63份、伊利石21份、水铝石19份、金红石17份、聚乙烯醇17份、燧石13份、钢纤维13份、锂云母12份、透闪石10份、钛酸铝9份、莫来石9份、铁粉7份、钾长石6份、蛇纹石5份和重晶石5份。
3.如权利要求1所述一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土57份、伊利石27份、水铝石23份、金红石19份、聚乙烯醇19份、燧石17份、钢纤维17份、锂云母16份、透闪石12份、钛酸铝11份、莫来石11份、铁粉11份、钾长石8份、蛇纹石7份和重晶石7份。
4.如权利要求1所述一种高抗热震性高韧性陶瓷材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份配比的材料制成：高岭土60份、伊利石24份、水铝石21份、金红石18份、聚乙烯醇18份、燧石15份、钢纤维15份、锂云母14份、透闪石11份、钛酸铝10份、莫来石10份、铁粉9份、钾长石7份、蛇纹石6份和重晶石6份。
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