CN108890059A - A kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method - Google Patents

A kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108890059A
CN108890059A CN201811112337.6A CN201811112337A CN108890059A CN 108890059 A CN108890059 A CN 108890059A CN 201811112337 A CN201811112337 A CN 201811112337A CN 108890059 A CN108890059 A CN 108890059A
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
welding
laser cutting
aluminium alloy
laser
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CN201811112337.6A
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CN108890059B (en
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王茂
张明军
王志军
张远康
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Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K3/00Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
    • B23K3/04Heating appliances

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure methods, it is characterised in that:Step 1 provides the first workpiece and second workpiece of the welding that needs to splice;First workpiece and second workpiece are accurately spliced and are clamped by step 2;Step 3 provides third workpiece, and third workpiece is located at the surface of second workpiece;Step 4 provides laser cutting system;Step 5 provides air column spray gun;Step 6 provides ultrasonic vibration installation;Step 7, starting laser cutting system, laser cutting head focus the laser beam to be formed and vertically irradiate third workpiece surface;Step 8, starting air column spray gun, air column lance ejection inert gas act on the metal drop that laser cutting is formed;Step 9, starting ultrasonic generator;Step 10 completes welding process.Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has good welding effect.

Description

A kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding field more particularly to a kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure methods.
Background technique
In automobile production, in order to mitigate the self weight of vehicle and the driving performance of not excessive influence automobile, vapour is reduced The work of weight of the vehicle in addition to chassis is always those skilled in the art in the direction of effort.Because of aluminium alloy light-weight and one Fixed plasticity and surface corrosion resistance energy, has had using this technology and has substituted common sheet metal to process vehicle body.But This kind of aluminium alloy has a serious defect to be exactly, when carrying out the welding in process, due to its coefficient of heat conduction is big, The big reason of linear expansion coefficient, easily generation deflection deformation.Therefore, the welding of aluminium alloy sheet is all in large-scale jig at present It is operated under fixation, such as common piano type welding fixture.However this particularity of traditional Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure is given Actual production brings many unfavorable factors:Manufacture large-scale jig increases production cost, and the clamping of welded part is made before weldering Too long at working hour, labor intensity improves, and reduces production efficiency.
Laser welding has many advantages, such as that heat input is small, deforms small.Laser welding is divided into laser heat conduction weld and laser is deep Fusion welding mode.Efficient welding is using Laser Deep Penetration Welding mode in production, and material is in high energy density laser at this time Under directly irradiating, fusing occurs and even gasifies, evaporation kickback pressure arranges molten metal, is formed so that weld pool surface sink " keyhole "(Also referred to as aperture), laser beam is deep into material internal by aperture.When using Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys, need high Energy threshold(106W/cm2), so that thermal weld stress is larger, test specimen thermal deformation is larger;On the other hand, high energy density laser beam Under irradiation, alloy strengthening element in aluminium alloy(Such as magnesium elements)It easily evaporates, strength of joint is caused to decline.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address easily deforming during Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure, alloying element evaporation leads to connector The problems such as intensity is low.
1, the present invention provides a kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method, includes the following steps:
Step 1:The first workpiece and second workpiece of the welding that needs to splice are provided, are stamped and formed out on second workpiece along welding track One penetrating narrow slit removes the impurity of the first workpiece and second workpiece upper and lower surface and narrow slit.
Step 2:First workpiece and second workpiece are accurately spliced and clamped.
Step 3:Third workpiece is provided, third workpiece is located at the surface of second workpiece.
Step 4:Laser cutting system is provided, laser cutting system has laser generator, transmission fiber, laser cutting Head, manipulator, fixed bracket, laser generator are connected by transmission fiber with laser cutting head.
Step 5:Air column spray gun is provided, air column spray gun is fixed on the fixation bracket of laser cutting head.
Step 6:Ultrasonic vibration installation is provided, ultrasonic amplitude transformer is pressed on the lower surface of the first workpiece.
Step 7:Start laser cutting system, laser cutting head focuses the laser beam to be formed and vertically irradiates table on third workpiece Face.
Step 8:Start air column spray gun, air column lance ejection inert gas acts on the metal drop that laser cutting is formed.
Step 9:Start ultrasonic generator, adjusts ultrasonic frequency, molten metal is narrow under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration It is sprawled in seam.
Step 10:Laser cutting head is moved to final position, closes laser cutting system, closes air column spray gun, keeps super Acoustic vibration 1 ~ 2 minute, complete welding process.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the first workpiece and second workpiece are aluminium alloy, the first workpiece and second Thickness of workpiece is 0.8 ~ 1.5 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the width d of narrow slit is 0.5 ~ 1.2 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the aluminium alloy of third workpiece and the first workpiece and second workpiece same material.
In one embodiment, in step 3, third thickness of workpiece is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the vertical range H of second workpiece upper surface and third workpiece lower surface is 5 ~10 mm。
In one embodiment, in step 4, in laser cutting system, laser cutting head focuses the laser beam function to be formed Rate is 1 ~ 2 kW, and cutting speed is 3 ~ 10 m/min.
In one embodiment, in step 5, air column spray tip and laser cutting head are 3 ~ 5 mm at a distance of δ.
In one embodiment, in step 7, motion profile and the seam track of laser cutting head are consistent.
In one embodiment, in step 8, the gas of air column lance ejection is the inert gas of heating, such as argon gas.
In one embodiment, in step 8, the gas pressure of air column lance ejection is 0.5~5kPa.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of equipment of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method of the embodiment of the present invention and base material arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure Longitudinal cross section schematic in method shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is narrow slit cross-sectional view in method shown in Fig. 1.
Wherein:The first workpiece of 1-, 2- second workpiece, 3- narrow slit, 4- third workpiece, 5- laser generator, 6- transmission fiber, 7- laser beam, 8- laser cutting head, 9- manipulator, the fixed bracket of 10-, 11- air column spray gun, 12- cutting seam, 13- metal drop, 14- weld seam, 15- ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 16- cut forward position.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to attached drawing and specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1-3, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure methods to include the following steps:
Step 1:The first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 of the welding that needs to splice are provided, along welding track punching press on second workpiece 2 A penetrating narrow slit 3 is formed, the impurity of the first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 upper and lower surface and narrow slit 3 is removed.
Optionally, the first workpiece 1 and the second work 2 are aluminium alloy, and the first workpiece 1 and 2 thickness of second workpiece are 0.8 ~1.5 mm。
Optionally, the width d of narrow slit 3 is 0.5 ~ 1.2 mm.
Step 2:First workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 are accurately spliced and clamped.
Step 3:Third workpiece 4 is provided, third workpiece 4 is located at the surface of the first workpiece 1.
Optionally, the aluminium alloy of third workpiece and the first workpiece and second workpiece same material.
Optionally, third workpiece 4 is with a thickness of 1.0 ~ 2.0mm.
Optionally, the vertical range H of 2 upper surface of second workpiece and 4 lower surface of third workpiece is 5 ~ 10 mm.
Step 4:Laser cutting system is provided, laser cutting system has laser generator 5, transmission fiber 6, laser cutting First 8, manipulator 9, fixed bracket 10, laser generator are connected by transmission fiber 6 with laser cutting head 8.
Optionally, in laser cutting system, it is 1 ~ 2 kW, cutting speed that laser cutting head 8, which focuses 7 power of laser beam formed, Degree is 3 ~ 10 m/min.
Step 5:Air column spray gun 11 is provided, air column spray gun 11 is fixed on the fixation bracket 10 of laser cutting head 8.
Optionally, apart δ is 3 ~ 5 mm for 11 nozzle of air column spray gun and laser cutting head 8.
Step 6:Ultrasonic vibration installation is provided, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 15 is pressed on the lower surface of the first workpiece 1.
Step 7:Start laser cutting system, laser cutting head 8 focuses the laser beam 7 formed vertically irradiation third workpiece 4 Upper surface.
Optionally, the motion profile of laser cutting head 8 is consistent with seam track.
Step 8:Start air column spray gun 11, it is molten that the injection inert gas of air column spray gun 11 acts on the metal that laser cutting is formed Drop.
Optionally, the gas that air column spray gun 11 sprays is the inert gas of heating, such as argon gas.
Optionally, the gas pressure that air column spray gun 11 sprays is 0.5~5kPa.
Step 9:Start ultrasonic generator, adjusts ultrasonic frequency, molten metal is narrow under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration It is sprawled in seam 4.
Step 10:Laser cutting head 8 is moved to final position, closes laser cutting system, closes air column spray gun 11, keeps Ultrasonic activation 1 ~ 2 minute, complete welding process.
In the present invention, cut third workpiece 4 using high energy laser beam 7 and obtain metal drop 13, metal drop 13 to Lower movement, falls into narrow slit 3, and metal drop fills up narrow slit 3, realizes the welded connecting of the first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2, avoids Test specimen thermal deformation and alloy strengthening element caused by biggish thermal weld stress when Direct Laser irradiation welding(Such as magnesium member Element)The decline of strength of joint caused by evaporating.
In the present invention, cut third workpiece 4 using high energy laser beam 7 and obtain metal drop 13, metal drop 13 to Lower movement, the high-pressure inert gas impact metal drop 13 that air column spray gun 11 sprays quick and precisely fall into narrow slit 3, promote to melt Metal is sprawled rapidly, avoid agglomerating it is blocking cause bead crack, obtain good weld seam.

Claims (7)

1. the present invention provides a kind of Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method, it is characterised in that:
Step 1:The first workpiece and second workpiece of the welding that needs to splice are provided, are stamped and formed out on second workpiece along welding track One penetrating narrow slit removes the impurity of the first workpiece and second workpiece upper and lower surface and narrow slit;
Step 2:First workpiece and second workpiece are accurately spliced and clamped;
Step 3:Third workpiece is provided, third workpiece is located at the surface of second workpiece;
Step 4:Laser cutting system is provided, laser cutting system has laser generator, transmission fiber, laser cutting head, machine Tool hand, fixed bracket, laser generator are connected by transmission fiber with laser cutting head;
Step 5:Air column spray gun is provided, air column spray gun is fixed on the fixation bracket of laser cutting head;
Step 6:Ultrasonic vibration installation is provided, ultrasonic amplitude transformer is pressed on the lower surface of the first workpiece;
Step 7:Starting laser cutting system, laser cutting head focuses the laser beam to be formed and vertically irradiates third workpiece surface, It is cut by laser obtained metal drop to move downward, fall into second workpiece narrow slit, metal drop passes through heat transfer mode and the One workpiece realizes metallurgical bonding, and fills up narrow slit, realizes the welded connecting of the first workpiece and second workpiece, avoids Direct Laser spoke According to strength of joint caused by test specimen thermal deformation caused by thermal weld stress biggish when welding and alloy strengthening elements vaporization;
Step 8:Start air column spray gun, air column lance ejection inert gas acts on the metal drop that laser cutting is formed, high pressure Inert gas impacts metal drop, falls into metal drop quick and precisely in narrow slit, molten metal is promoted to sprawl rapidly, avoid coagulating It is polymerized to block and causes bead crack;
Step 9:Start ultrasonic generator, adjusts ultrasonic frequency, molten metal is in narrow slit under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration It sprawls;
Step 10:Laser cutting head is moved to final position, closes laser cutting system, closes air column spray gun, keeps ultrasonic wave Welding process is completed in vibration 1 ~ 2 minute.
2. Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 1, the first workpiece and second Workpiece is aluminium alloy, and the first workpiece and second workpiece thickness are 0.8 ~ 1.5 mm.
3. Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 1, the width d of narrow slit is 0.5~1.2 mm。
4. Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 3, second workpiece upper surface Vertical range H with third workpiece lower surface is 5 ~ 10 mm.
5. Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 4, laser cutting system In, it is 1 ~ 2 kW that laser cutting head, which focuses the laser beam power to be formed, and cutting speed is 3 ~ 10 m/min.
6. Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 5, air column spray tip with Laser cutting head is 3 ~ 5 mm at a distance of δ.
7. Welding of Aluminium Alloy Sheet Structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 8, air column lance ejection Gas pressure is 0.5~5kPa.
CN201811112337.6A 2018-09-25 2018-09-25 Aluminum alloy sheet welding method Active CN108890059B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115319404A (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-11-11 深圳市炜创达科技有限公司 Processing technology and device for discharging hole plate of meat grinder
CN115365596A (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-22 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 Welding method and welding system based on blue laser

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1440066A (en) * 2003-03-11 2003-09-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation of projective spots for laser welding
CN101195183A (en) * 2007-12-24 2008-06-11 哈尔滨工业大学 Ultrasound wave auxiliary laser braze (fuse) welding method
CN103817439A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-05-28 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 Prefabricated welding material laser welding method capable of obviously improving joint tissue and stress state
CN105583523A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-05-18 长沙理工大学 Method for deep penetration laser welding of plate under assistance of ultrasound
CN107876983A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-06 长沙理工大学 Method and system for remotely welding galvanized steel plate for vehicle
CN107953032A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-24 长沙理工大学 Laser welding method and system for zero-clearance galvanized steel sheet splice joint
CN107971650A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-01 长沙理工大学 Welding method and system for steel-aluminum lap joint for vehicle

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1440066A (en) * 2003-03-11 2003-09-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation of projective spots for laser welding
CN101195183A (en) * 2007-12-24 2008-06-11 哈尔滨工业大学 Ultrasound wave auxiliary laser braze (fuse) welding method
CN103817439A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-05-28 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 Prefabricated welding material laser welding method capable of obviously improving joint tissue and stress state
CN105583523A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-05-18 长沙理工大学 Method for deep penetration laser welding of plate under assistance of ultrasound
CN107876983A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-06 长沙理工大学 Method and system for remotely welding galvanized steel plate for vehicle
CN107953032A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-24 长沙理工大学 Laser welding method and system for zero-clearance galvanized steel sheet splice joint
CN107971650A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-01 长沙理工大学 Welding method and system for steel-aluminum lap joint for vehicle

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115365596A (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-22 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 Welding method and welding system based on blue laser
CN115365596B (en) * 2021-05-18 2023-11-07 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 Welding method and welding system based on blue laser
CN115319404A (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-11-11 深圳市炜创达科技有限公司 Processing technology and device for discharging hole plate of meat grinder

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Effective date of registration: 20231026

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