CN108890052A - Gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode and processing method - Google Patents
Gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108890052A CN108890052A CN201810693234.7A CN201810693234A CN108890052A CN 108890052 A CN108890052 A CN 108890052A CN 201810693234 A CN201810693234 A CN 201810693234A CN 108890052 A CN108890052 A CN 108890052A
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- pipe electrode
- cutting
- electrolysis
- gas injection
- working surface
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of gas injection supplementary insulation formulas to be electrolysed cutting cathode and processing method, belongs to electrical-chemistry method technical field.It is characterized in that：The tool cathode of fine hollow metal pipe closed at one end as electrolysis cutting processing when is selected, and opens up several micro holes on the non-working surface of fine pipe electrode.When being electrolysed cutting processing, inert gas enters from fine pipe electrode one end, it is overflowed from the micro hole on non-working surface and forms microbubble in the electrolytic solution, the intervention of microbubble plays certain insulating effect to fine pipe electrode non-working surface, reduce the current density between fine pipe electrode non-working surface and workpiece machined surface, the dispersion corrosion to workpiece machined surface is reduced, electrolysis cutting accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas injection supplementary insulation formulas to be electrolysed cutting cathode and processing method, belongs to electrical-chemistry method technology
Field.
Background technique
Electrochemical Machining Technology is a kind of manufacturing method that metal material is removed based on Anodic solution principle, processing
In the process, tool-electrode connects power cathode as cathode, and liberation of hydrogen reduction reaction occurs；Metal works are connecing power supply just as anode
Pole, occurs oxidation reaction, and workpiece is dissolved ablation in the form of ion.With the continuous feeding of tool cathode, workpiece surface is most
End form is at the feature structure opposite with tool cathode shape.Electrolyzed Processing is lossless with tool cathode, negligible workpiece material
Hardness, machined surface quality, it is high in machining efficiency the advantages that, be commonly used in the fields such as aerospace, precision instrument, biologic medical come
Machining shape complicated, hard-cutting material, such as aero-engine impeller, blade, microfiltration net, mold etc..
But there is also a big defects for Electrolyzed Processing：Dispersion corrosion.When Electrolyzed Processing, wanted between tool-electrode and workpiece
Be filled with electrolyte, could occur anodic solution in this way, but some machined positions or do not need working position may also can
There is material dissolution removal, causes dispersion corrosion.Dispersion corrosion can destroy machined surface, reduce machining accuracy and surface matter
Amount.It is also unrealistic In the view of at present to thoroughly eliminate dispersion corrosion, it can only go to reduce dispersion corrosion as much as possible.Study people
Member proposes certain methods to reduce dispersion corrosion, such as：Using assivation property electrolyte, the solution rate of this kind of electrolyte and
It is in non-linear relation between current efficiency（For most of metal material）, current efficiency is high when high current density, and low current is close
Current efficiency is low when spending, thus reduces the material removal speed in non-processing face, reduces dispersion corrosion, improves processing essence
Degree；Using mixed-gas electrochemical machining method, a large amount of compressed gas are mixed into before electrolyte enters processing district, electrolyte is made to become gas-liquid
Mix two phase flow（Bubble stream）, in side clearance region, the pressure of electrolyte in the flowing direction is reduced rapidly, bubble volume because
This can increased dramatically, so that partial electrolysis liquid conductivity can significantly reduce, achieve the purpose that reduce solution rate；Using inoperative
Face insulating electrode in Electrolyzed Processing, uniformly coats a layer insulating in the non-working surface of electrode, changes the electricity in non-working surface region
Field distribution reduces current density, reduces dispersion corrosion；Change the electric field point in side clearance region using the method for impressed current anode
Cloth reduces the current density on side wall, to reduce dispersion corrosion.
These above-mentioned methods are mainly used for Electrolyzed Processing hole, type chamber, in jacking technique, and to electrolysis cutting technique, some are uncomfortable
With.Because being electrolysed linear cutter technology is the one kind cut using wire-shaped electrode as tool cathode to metal material
Electrochemical machining method realizes the processing to workpiece by the relative movement orbit between control wire electrode and workpiece.Electricity
When solution cutting, along line electrode direction of feed workpiece by ablation, line electrode anterior face is working face, but line electrode two sides are with after
There is also field distributions between portion surface and workpiece, and the position that cutting processing has been completed is still carrying out dissolved corrosion, reduce
It is electrolysed cutting accuracy.Dispersion corrosion can be reduced using assivation property electrolyte to a certain extent, but processing efficiency is relatively low, especially
When it is cutting alloy material, passivating film is easily formed, hinders cell reaction；It is electrolysed and is cut using non-working surface insulating electrode, it should
It is ideal on theoretical method, but performance difficulty, because line electrode diameter when electrolysis cutting is in micro-scale, insulating layer thickness
Degree must be very thin, some tens of pm even micron order, and to have certain bond strength between insulating layer and line electrode, prevents absolutely
Edge layer falls off under the percussion of electrolyte, in addition, electrolyte is mostly corrosive solution, it is desirable that insulating layer has centainly resistance to
Corrosivity.
Therefore, how to reduce dispersion corrosion, improve electrolysis cutting accuracy, be still important difficulty existing for electrolysis cutting technique
Topic.
Summary of the invention
For dispersion corrosion problem present in electrolysis linear cutter, electrolysis can be reduced the invention proposes one kind and cut
Dispersion corrosion in cutting improves the gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode and processing method of electrolysis cutting accuracy.
A kind of gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode, it is characterised in that：Processing cathode is fine pipe electrode, one end
Closing；According to electrolysis line cutting technology feature, along pipe electrode direction of feed, defining pipe electrode side first half is electrolysis cutting
Working face, pipe electrode side latter half are non-working surface；Several micro holes are opened up on the non-working surface of fine pipe electrode.
The processing method of the gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode, it is characterised in that：It is micro- when being electrolysed cutting processing
Tubule electrode one end is connected with inert gas source, and inert gas injection pressure is greater than electrolyte internal hydraulic pressure, and inert gas is from micro-
Tubule electrode one end enters, and overflows from the micro hole on non-working surface and forms microbubble in the electrolytic solution；Inert gas will not
The electrochemical reaction in process is participated in, the intervention of microbubble plays certain insulation to fine pipe electrode non-working surface and makees
With reducing the current density between fine pipe electrode non-working surface and workpiece machined surface, reduce to workpiece machined surface
Dispersion corrosion, improve electrolysis cutting accuracy.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：1, using fine pipe electrode as electrolysis cut when cathode, inert gas from
Fine pipe electrode one end enters, and overflows from the micro hole on non-working surface and forms microbubble, Jie of microbubble in the electrolytic solution
Enter and insulation protection is carried out to fine pipe electrode non-working surface, reduces between fine pipe electrode non-working surface and workpiece machined surface
Current density, reduce the dispersion corrosion to workpiece machined surface, improve electrolysis cutting processing precision；Meanwhile largely
Microbubble rapid increase under the buoyancy of electrolyte plays certain perturbation action to the electrolyte in processing gap, promotees
Into the flowing of electrolyte, the update of the discharge of electrolysate and electrolyte in joint-cutting is accelerated, improves electrolysis cutting efficiency.
2, injection gas pressure be greater than electrolyte internal hydraulic pressure, ensure that gas can be injected into electrolyte through micro hole, make its
Microbubble insulating layer is formed between pipe electrode and electrolyte, and the inert gas injected cannot participate in the electrification in process
Learn reaction.
The gas injection supplementary insulation formula is electrolysed cutting process method, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned inert gas source is helium gas source.
Select density smaller and the extremely inactive helium of chemical property, this is because helium density is much smaller than air（The density of air is
1.29kg/m3 the density of helium is 0.19 kg/m3）, helium bubbles are easier to float in the electrolytic solution, and helium chemical property
Pole torpescence cannot participate in the electrochemical reaction in process.
The gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned micro hole is uniformly distributed in non-work
Make face.So that inert gas forms microbubble after micro hole on non-working surface, insulate to inoperative.
The gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode, it is characterised in that：Fine pipe electrode outer diameter be 50-300um,
Internal diameter is 30-200um, not only ensure that the circulation of inert gas inside it, and ensure that fine pipe electrode intensity and
Rigidity, prevent electrolysis cut in fine pipe electrode the deformation such as bend, reverse, while also having obtained lesser be electrolysed of slit width and having cut
Seam.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting process method schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutter device overall structure figure；
Fig. 3 is to be electrolysed cutting schematic diagram using gas injection supplementary insulation formula；
Fig. 4 is the fine pipe electrode that non-working surface has micro hole；
Fig. 5 processes gap electrical field distributed simulation model when being electrolysis cutting；
Current density distributing figure in processing gap when Fig. 6 is conventional electrolysis cutting；
Current density distributing figure in processing gap when Fig. 7 is the electrolysis cutting of gas injection supplementary insulation formula
Its label title is respectively：1, lathe, 2, motion control card, 3, industrial personal computer, 4, the pulse power, 5, microcapillary electrode clamping
System, 6, fine pipe electrode, 7, workpiece, 8, work piece holder, 9, lathe matrix, 10, micro air pump, 11, helium gas source, 12, electrolysis
Slot, 13, electrolyte, 14, gas-guide tube, 15, bracket, 16, location hole, 17, rotary joint, 18, hollow main shaft, 19, hollow shaft electricity
Machine, 20, upper bracket, 21, switching nozzle, 22, lower bracket, 23, guider, 24, micro hole, 25, microbubble.
Specific embodiment
According to Fig.2, a kind of gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode proposed by the present invention and processing method, device
Overall structure mainly includes lathe 1, motion control card 2, industrial personal computer 3, the pulse power 4, microcapillary electrode clamping system 5, fine
Pipe electrode 6, workpiece 7, micro air pump 10, electrolyte 13.
According to Fig.3, microcapillary electrode clamping system 5 mainly includes bracket 15, rotary joint 17, hollow shaft motor
19, switching nozzle 21, guider 23, fine pipe electrode 6；Bracket 15 includes upper bracket 20 and lower bracket 22, and 15 top of bracket
Equipped with location hole 16；Hollow shaft motor 19 is mounted in upper bracket 20, and rotary joint 17 is mounted on the hollow of hollow shaft motor 19
18 upper end of main shaft, switching nozzle 21 are mounted on 18 lower end of hollow main shaft of hollow shaft motor 19, and hollow shaft motor 19 is mainly used to
Directing gas flow, the fine pipe electrode 6 of installation, and drive the fine rotation of pipe electrode 6 to change the spilling direction of microbubble 25, in conjunction with
The relative motion of fine pipe electrode 6 and workpiece 7, ensure that the working face of fine pipe electrode 6 is moved along direction of feed always, realize
The steering of workpiece 7 is cut；Guider 23 is mounted in lower bracket 22, is mainly used to constrain fine pipe electrode 6, be prevented fine
6 lower end of pipe electrode shifts, and guarantees whole fine pipe electrode 6 state in a straight line；Fine 6 top of pipe electrode is mounted on
It transfers in nozzle 21, lower part is closed end, is placed in guider 23；Hollow main shaft 18, the switching nozzle of hollow shaft motor 19
21, fine pipe electrode 6, guider 23 4 are coaxial.
Microbubble 25 be helium bubble, helium by micro air pump 10 through gas-guide tube 14, rotary joint 17, hollow main shaft 18,
Nozzle 21 of transferring overflows, and injection pressure is greater than from the injection of fine 6 upper end of pipe electrode from the micro hole 24 on fine pipe electrode 6
13 internal hydraulic pressure of electrolyte ensure that gas can be injected into electrolyte 13 through micro hole 24, make it in pipe electrode and electrolysis
25 insulating layer of microbubble is formed in liquid.
According to Fig.4, fine pipe electrode 6 is fine hollow metal pipe closed at one end, outer diameter 50-300um, interior
Diameter is 30-200um, and the non-working surface of fine pipe electrode 6 is provided with a certain number of micro holes 24.
The present invention " gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode and processing method " operating process be：
Step 1, with reference to Fig. 3, fine 6 upper end of pipe electrode is mounted in switching nozzle 21, lower end is closed end, is placed in guiding
In device 23, microcapillary electrode clamping system 5 is mounted on the Z axis of lathe 1 by location hole 16；
Step 2, with reference to Fig. 2, electrolytic cell 12 is mounted on lathe matrix 9, work piece holder 8 is mounted in electrolytic cell 12, will
Workpiece 7 is mounted in work piece holder 8；Appropriate electrolyte 13 is injected, immerses workpiece 7 wherein；
Step 3, with reference to Fig. 3, start micro air pump 10, helium is by micro air pump 10 through gas-guide tube 14, rotary joint 17, hollow master
Axis 18, switching nozzle 21, inject from fine 6 upper end of pipe electrode, overflow from the micro hole 24 on fine pipe electrode 6, and be electrolysed
Microbubble 25 is formed in liquid 13；
Step 4, with reference to Fig. 3, workpiece 7 connects the anode of the pulse power 4, and fine pipe electrode 6 connects 4 cathode of the pulse power, starting impulse electricity
Source 4, and set suitable electrical parameter；
Step 5, with reference to Fig. 2, industrial personal computer 3 controls lathe 1 by motion control card 2 and moves, and realizes fine pipe electrode 6 and workpiece 7
Between relative motion, to workpiece 7 carry out ablation cutting, be electrolysed cutting process in, hollow shaft motor 19 drives fine pipe electrode 6
Rotation changes the spilling direction of microbubble 25, guarantees that the working face of fine pipe electrode 6 is moved along direction of feed always, realization pair
The steering of workpiece 7 is cut；
After step 6, completion of processing, the pulse power 4, micro air pump 10, separation, cleaning workpiece 7 are closed.
For verifying microbubble 25 to the insulation effect and this method of fine 6 non-working surface of pipe electrode in reduction electrolysis cutting
The feasibility of dispersion corrosion emulates the current density in processing gap using COMSOL5.2a simulation software, is referred to
Fig. 4 establishes simulation model, and simulated conditions are：Fine 6 outer diameter of pipe electrode is 0.15mm, slit width 0.2mm, 13 conductivity of electrolyte
For 1.83 S/m, machining voltage 10V.
Current density distributing figure in processing gap when Fig. 5 is conventional electrolysis cutting, as seen from the figure, the electric current of A1 point is close
Degree is 0.636 A/mm2, the current density of B1 is 0.607A/mm2, the current density at A1, B1 two is of slight difference, illustrates fine
Pipe electrode 6 along direction of feed to 7 cutting processing of workpiece when, ablation cutting, and ablation rate still are carried out to the machined position in two sides
It is close.
Current density distributing figure in processing gap when Fig. 6 is the electrolysis cutting of gas injection supplementary insulation formula, as seen from the figure, A2
The current density of point is 0.636 A/mm2, the current density of B2 is 0.315 A/mm2, the current density difference at A2, B2 two is close
One times, although fine pipe electrode 6 along direction of feed to 7 cutting processing of workpiece when, still to the machined position in two sides carry out ablation cut
It cuts, but ablation rate differs greatly.The micro hole 24 of fine pipe electrode 6 is optimized, suitable machined parameters are selected, is imitated
Fruit is more preferably.
It can be seen that gas injection assist type proposed by the present invention by carrying out simulation comparison to the current density in processing gap
Electrolysis cutting cathode and processing method can reduce the dispersion corrosion in electrolysis cutting, improve electrolysis cutting processing precision.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode, it is characterised in that：
Processing cathode is fine pipe electrode（6）, one end closing；
According to electrolysis line cutting technology feature, along pipe electrode direction of feed, defining pipe electrode side first half is electrolysis cutting
Working face, pipe electrode side latter half are non-working surface；
In fine pipe electrode（6）Non-working surface on open up several micro holes（24）.
2. gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fine pipe electrode（6）
Outer diameter is 50-300um, internal diameter 30-200um.
3. gas injection supplementary insulation formula electrolysis cutting cathode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned micro hole（24）
It is uniformly distributed in non-working surface.
4. utilizing the processing method of the electrolysis cutting cathode of gas injection supplementary insulation formula described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
When being electrolysed cutting processing, fine pipe electrode（6）One end is connected with inert gas source, and inert gas injection pressure is greater than electrolysis
Liquid（13）Internal hydraulic pressure, inert gas is from fine pipe electrode（6）One end enters, from the micro hole on non-working surface（24）It overflows simultaneously
In electrolyte（13）Middle formation microbubble（25）；
Inert gas cannot participate in the electrochemical reaction in process, microbubble（25）Intervention to fine pipe electrode（6）It is non-
Working face plays certain insulating effect, reduces fine pipe electrode（6）Non-working surface and workpiece（7）Between machined surface
Current density is reduced to workpiece（7）The dispersion corrosion of machined surface improves electrolysis cutting accuracy.
5. gas injection supplementary insulation formula according to claim 4 is electrolysed cutting process method, it is characterised in that：
Above-mentioned inert gas source is helium gas source.
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| CN201810693234.7A CN108890052B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Gas injection auxiliary insulation type electrolytic cutting machining method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110340469A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-10-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Gas-liquid compound electrode and electrochemical machining method |
| CN110394516A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | High locality pulsation state electrolysis wire-electrode cutting and processing method and device |
| CN112427753A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-03-02 | 周志容 | Electrolytic machining method for rear support of die |
| CN112496480A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Free insulating particle assisted electrolytic wire cutting machining device and method |
| CN112846429A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Protection device and method for machined blade in blisk electrolytic machining |
| CN113199095A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 深圳大学 | Surface micro-groove machining method and micro electric spark machining device |
| CN114247943A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-29 | 江苏集萃精密制造研究院有限公司 | Gas-assisted protection integral impeller trepanning electrochemical machining process and device |
| CN114571018A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-03 | 南京工业职业技术大学 | Method and device for electrolytically cutting by axially scouring mixed gas electrolyte to auxiliary tube electrode and radially scouring electrolyte |
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| CN114571018B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-12-22 | 南京工业职业技术大学 | Radial flushing electrolytic cutting method and device for auxiliary pipe electrode by axial flushing of mixed gas electrolyte |
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