CN108890053A - Biflow path pipe electrode and its electrolysis cutting method - Google Patents
Biflow path pipe electrode and its electrolysis cutting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108890053A CN108890053A CN201810693235.1A CN201810693235A CN108890053A CN 108890053 A CN108890053 A CN 108890053A CN 201810693235 A CN201810693235 A CN 201810693235A CN 108890053 A CN108890053 A CN 108890053A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of biflow path pipe electrode and its electrolysis cutting methods, belong to electrical-chemistry method technical field.It is primarily characterized in that：The tool cathode of dual channel metal tube closed at one end as electrolysis cutting when is selected, wherein the infusion runner outer side surface of biflow path pipe electrode, which tilts down, opens up hole array, and gas transmission runner outer side surface two sides open up fine slit.When electrolysis cutting, electrolyte tilts down injections from hole array, accelerates electrolyte and flows downward speed, promotes the discharge of electrolysate, improve and be electrolysed cutting efficiency；High pressure gas is sprayed from fine slit simultaneously, and electrolyte is enclosed in the processing gap of front end, is reduced DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE range of the electrolyte in processing gap, is reduced Electrolyzed Processing region, improves electrolysis cutting accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biflow path pipe electrode and its electrolysis cutting methods, belong to electrical-chemistry method technical field.
Background technique
Cutting processing technology is one of important procedure in machine industry, such as aero-engine and gas turbine
Blade tenon, turbine disc mortise, high-precision transmission gear, the parts such as various punch dies, extrusion die, blanking die in die industry
Straight grain arrangement works type face is process using cutting technique.
With various new materials appearance and to aerospace, precision instrument, mold manufacture etc. fields continuous exploration,
More stringent requirements are proposed for precision and efficiency to cutting processing.Electrolysis cutting technique is the benefit using line electrode as tool cathode
The principle that electrochemical dissolution occurs in the electrolytic solution with metal is moved in conjunction with multi-axis numerical control, is shaped to metal material
A kind of electrochemical machining method.Theoretically, workpiece is by ablation in the form of ion, and machining accuracy is high, and can neglect
The slightly hardness of material, will not generate machining stress, re cast layer and thermal deformation.In addition, only being analysed on tool cathode when Electrolyzed Processing
Hydrogen out, electrode itself will not dissolve, and tool cathode is not contacted with workpiece, and tool cathode is not in the case of normal process
It can be lossy.
But there are also certain limitations for electrolysis cutting：Electrolysis cutting efficiency is relatively low, cleavable thickness of workpiece is limited.This
It is because of electrolysis cutting joint-cutting very little, even up to micron order, at this moment fresh electrolyte hardly enters joint-cutting arrival machining area,
The bubble and insoluble product for reducing cell reaction speed, and generating when Electrolyzed Processing are difficult to be discharged from joint-cutting, accumulation
The ingredient and concentration that will lead to electrolyte in joint-cutting change, and influence the stability of Electrolyzed Processing, or even will appear short circuit
And stop processing.When especially cutting big thickness workpiece, thickness is bigger, and joint-cutting is deeper, and product is more difficult to be discharged, and electrolyte is more difficult to
To update.
Currently, for the electrolysis cutting processing of big thickness workpiece, researcher proposes axial fliud flushing electrolysis wire cutting side
Method, electrode axially quickly rushes in joint-cutting along swiftly flowing electrolyte, and takes away the electrolysate in joint-cutting, reaches quickly more
The purpose of new electrolyte.Using this method, the ability for being electrolysed cutting efficiency and the big thickness workpiece of processing is greatly improved, but also
It is not able to satisfy the demand of modern manufacturing, because electrolyte dissipates obvious, processing gap electrolyte inside update after projecting in nozzle
Slow down, so that processing the tapered distribution of slit width along workpiece depth direction, finished surface verticality is significantly reduced, and workpiece is too thick
When, line electrode axial direction is too deep, the electrolyte in joint-cutting and few can be rushed in, and by the Wall effect of narrow joint-cutting,
Electrolyte flow rate in joint-cutting also greatly reduces, and is difficult to be flushed to bottom end, and cutting efficiency and stability is caused to reduce.
For this purpose, researcher has also been proposed microcapillary electrolysis cutting method, certain amount is opened up in pipe electrode side
Minute opening structure, electrolyte enters from pipe electrode one end, sprays from the hatch frame of pipe electrode side, electrolyte directly arrives
Up in processing gap, and quickly go out electrolysate.This method substantially increases the processing efficiency of electrolysis cutting and cuts big thick
The ability of workpiece is spent, but cutting accuracy is too low, this is because swiftly flowing electrolyte impacts workpiece in processing gap
DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE afterwards flows out backward from the gap between pipe electrode side and cut surface, causes electrolyte flow field domain at random, electrolysis
Machining area is not concentrated, and dispersion corrosion is serious.
Currently, being more than the workpiece of 20mm for thickness, how quickly how high-efficiency and precision electrolysis cutting is still a challenge,
The efficiently electrolysate in discharge joint-cutting, the electrolyte in update joint-cutting are still that existing important problem is cut in electrolysis.
Summary of the invention
Electrolysate discharge difficulty, electrolyte in big thickness workpiece and joint-cutting is cut for high-efficiency and precision electrolysis to be difficult to update
The problem of, the invention proposes a kind of biflow path pipe electrode that can be improved electrolysis cutting efficiency and precision and its electrolysis cutting sides
Method.
A kind of biflow path pipe electrode, it is characterised in that：Biflow path pipe electrode is the metal circular tube of lower end closed, inner axial tube
Equipped with a partition, round tube inner cavity is separated into infusion runner and gas transmission runner two parts；In the outer side surface of infusion runner, wall surface
Thickness direction from inside to outside, tilts down and is provided with hole array, and in thickness of workpiece direction, the distribution of hole array is not less than
Machining area range guarantees that the electrolyte gone out from hole array jet stream can cover entire machining area；In the outer of gas transmission runner
The fine slit of two column is opened up in side wall surface, the two fine slits of column are located at outer side surface and the close marginal position of partition, micro-
Elongate slot length is greater than thickness of workpiece, guarantees before capable of being all enclosed in electrolyte from the high pressure gas that fine slit ejects
It holds in machining area.
The biflow path pipe electrolysis cutting method, it is characterised in that：According to electrolysis line cutting technology feature, along pipe electricity
Pole direction of feed, the outer side surface for defining the infusion runner of biflow path pipe electrode is to be electrolysed face preparation, outside gas transmission runner
Side wall surface is non-working surface；Electrolysis cutting when, electrolyte by hydraulic pump be injected into infusion runner in, swiftly flowing electrolyte from
It is projected in hole array, since hole array tilts down, electrolyte is provided with downward component velocity when projecting, and accelerates electrolysis
Liquid flows downward out the speed in processing gap, promotes the discharge of electrolysate, improves electrolysis cutting efficiency, and process gap
Interior, the DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE of electrolyte in the horizontal direction reduces, mobile performance enhancing in the vertical direction, so that electrolyte is in work
The flow field uniformity and electric field consistency of part thickness direction are all promoted, and electrolysis cutting accuracy is improved；High pressure gas is by gas
Pump is injected into gas transmission runner, and high pressure gas is sprayed from fine slit, and electrolyte is enclosed in machining area, reduces electricity
DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE range of the liquid in processing gap is solved, Electrolyzed Processing region is reduced, improves electrolysis cutting accuracy.
The biflow path pipe electrolysis cutting method, it is characterised in that：Biflow path pipe electrode is real by two-chamber adapter
Existing electrolyte injection and high pressure gas injection；Two-chamber adapter upper end is equipped with infusion connector and gas transmission interface, and lower end is equipped with pipe electricity
Pole interface, there are two cavitys for inside tool；By pipe electrode interface make two cavitys respectively with the infusion runner of biflow path pipe electrode
It is corresponding with gas distribution channel.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, biflow path pipe electrode proposed by the present invention, hole array tilt down, and electrolyte is provided with downward point speed when projecting
Degree accelerates the speed that electrolyte flows downward out processing gap, promotes the discharge of electrolysate, improves electrolysis cutting effect
Rate, and process in gap, the DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE of electrolyte in the horizontal direction reduces, and mobile performance in the vertical direction increases
By force, so that flow field uniformity and electric field consistency of the electrolyte in thickness of workpiece direction are all promoted, electrolysis cutting is improved
Precision；
2, high pressure gas is sprayed from fine slit, and electrolyte is enclosed in the machining area of front end, is reduced electrolyte and is being added
DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE range in break gap reduces Electrolyzed Processing region, improves electrolysis cutting accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is biflow path pipe electrode structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is biflow path pipe electrolysis cutting workpiece schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is biflow path pipe electrolysis cutter device structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is multi-cavity crossover sub structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 processes gap flow field distribution map when being the cutting of conventional tube electrolysis, wherein scheming（a）It is bulk flow field pattern,
Figure（b）It is axial section Flow Field Distribution figure；
Fig. 6 is to process gap flow field distribution map when tilting down 45 ° of tube having holes electrolysis cuttings, wherein scheming（a）It is whole
Flow Field Distribution figure, figure（b）It is axial section Flow Field Distribution figure；
Fig. 7 processes gap flow field distribution map when being the cutting of biflow path pipe electrolysis, wherein scheming（a）It is whole Flow Field Distribution
Figure, figure（b）It is axial section Flow Field Distribution figure；
Its label title is respectively：1, cathode fixture, 2, servo motor, 3, two-chamber adapter, 4, electrolyte, 5, biflow path pipe electricity
Pole, 6, the pulse power, 7, workpiece, 8, electrolytic bath, 9, anode clamp, 10, fluid-through tube, 11, hydraulic pump, 12, filter, 13,
Liquid reserve tank, 14, snorkel, 15, air pump, 16, gas source, 17, limiter, 18, hole array, 19, fine slit, 20, partition,
21, infusion runner, 22, gas transmission runner, 23, infusion connector, 24, gas transmission interface, 25, pipe electrode interface.
Specific embodiment
According to Fig. 1, a kind of biflow path pipe electrode 5 proposed by the present invention is the metal circular tube of lower end closed, pipe inner shaft
To a partition 20 is equipped with, round tube inner cavity is separated into infusion runner 21 and 22 two parts of gas transmission runner；In the outer of infusion runner 21
Side wall surface, wall thickness direction from inside to outside, tilt down and are provided with hole array 18, in 7 thickness direction of workpiece, hole array 18
Distribution not less than processing interstice coverage；The fine slit 19 of two column, two column are opened up on the outer side surface of gas transmission runner 22
Fine slit 19 is located at outer side surface and the close marginal position of partition 20, and fine 19 length of slit is greater than 7 thickness of workpiece.
According to fig. 2 shown in-Fig. 3, biflow path pipe is defined along pipe electrode direction of feed according to electrolysis line cutting technology feature
The outer side surface of the infusion runner 21 of electrode 5 is electrolysis face preparation, and the outer side surface of gas transmission runner 22 is non-working surface；Electricity
When solution cutting, electrolyte 4 is injected into infusion runner 21 by hydraulic pump 11, and swiftly flowing electrolyte 4 is from hole array 18
It projects, since hole array 18 tilts down, electrolyte 4 is provided with downward component velocity when projecting, and it is downward to accelerate electrolyte 4
The speed in outflow processing gap, promotes the discharge of electrolysate, improves electrolysis cutting efficiency, and process in gap, electricity
It solves the DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE of liquid 4 in the horizontal direction to reduce, mobile performance enhancing in the vertical direction, so that electrolyte 4 is in workpiece 7
The flow field uniformity and electric field consistency of thickness direction are all promoted, and electrolysis cutting accuracy is improved；High pressure gas is by air pump
15 are injected into gas transmission runner 22, and high pressure gas is sprayed from fine slit 19, and electrolyte 4 is enclosed in machining area, is subtracted
DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE range of the small electrolyte 4 in processing gap, reduces Electrolyzed Processing region, improves electrolysis cutting accuracy.
According to Fig.4,3 upper end of two-chamber adapter is equipped with infusion connector 23 and gas transmission interface 24, and lower end is equipped with pipe electrode
Interface 25, the installation corresponding with two cavitys of two-chamber adapter 3 respectively of the infusion runner 21 and gas transmission runner 22 of biflow path pipe electrode,
Guarantee that electrolyte 4 and high pressure gas pass through a wherein cavity respectively and enters in biflow path pipe electrode 5.
3 upper end of two-chamber adapter is equipped with infusion connector 23 and gas transmission interface 24, and lower end is equipped with pipe electrode interface 25, inside tool
There are two cavitys；Keep two cavitys logical with the infusion runner 21 of biflow path pipe electrode 5 and gas transmission respectively by pipe electrode interface 24
Road 22 is corresponding；The injection of electrolyte 4 and high pressure gas to 5 two runners of biflow path pipe electrode is realized by two-chamber adapter 3.
The operating process of the present invention " biflow path pipe electrode and its electrolysis cutting method " is：
Step 1, electrolytic bath 8 are mounted on precision machine tool workbench, and anode clamp 9 is mounted in electrolytic bath 8, and workpiece 7 is pacified
In anode clamp 9；
Step 2, cathode fixture 1 are mounted on machine Z-axis, and servo motor 2, two-chamber adapter 3 and limiter 17 are mounted on cathode
In fixture 1,5 upper end of biflow path pipe electrode is mounted in the pipe electrode interface 25 of 3 lower part of two-chamber adapter, and lower end is placed in limit
In device 17；
Step 3, starting hydraulic pump 11, electrolyte 4 pass sequentially through fluid-through tube 10, filter 12, hydraulic pump 11, two-chamber adapter 3,
Biflow path pipe electrode 5 falls into electrolytic bath 8 after the injection of hole array 18, then flows back to liquid reserve tank 13；
Step 4, booster air pump 5, high pressure gas is by air pump 5, snorkel 14, two-chamber adapter 3, biflow path pipe electrode 5, from micro-
It is ejected in elongate slot 19；
Step 5, starting impulse power supply 6 pass through the relative motion between Machine-Tool Control biflow path pipe electrode 5 and workpiece 7, completion pair
The cutting of workpiece 7；When needing to turn to cutting, servo motor 2 drives two-chamber adapter 3, biflow path pipe electrode 5 to rotate, rotation
Angle is determined by the amount of feeding of X in the unit time, Y-direction, is completed the steering to workpiece 7 and is cut；
After step 6, completion of processing, the pulse power 3, hydraulic pump 11, air pump 15, separation, cleaning workpiece 7 are closed.
For the beneficial effect for verifying biflow path pipe electrolysis cutting method proposed by the present invention, Fluent software pair is used
Flow field in processing gap is emulated, and simulated conditions are：Pipe electrode outer diameter 0.5mm, internal diameter 0.3mm process gap width
0.7mm, thickness of workpiece 5mm, hole array aperture 0.1mm, quantity 5, spacing 1mm, electrolyte pressure 1MPa.
Fig. 5 processes gap flow field distribution map when being the cutting of conventional tube electrolysis, as seen from the figure, thick in workpiece 7
Direction is spent, processing gap flow field uniformity is poor, and in front end machining area, the region that electrolyte 4 is directly impinging is cut deep
Degree is big, and the region depth of cut that electrolyte 4 is not directly impinging is small, or even there is also liquid deficient regions, and electrolysis cutting accuracy is lower, and
And the DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE in processing gap after the injection of hole array 18 of electrolyte 4, cause machined surface by re-electrolysis；
Fig. 6 is to process gap flow field distribution map, as seen from the figure, phase when tilting down 45 ° of tube having holes electrolysis cuttings
It is cut than conventional tube electrolysis, in 7 thickness direction of workpiece, processes gap flow field uniformity and substantially improve, and electrolyte 4
The speed that flows downward increases, and promotes the quick discharge of electrolysate, electrolysis cutting efficiency is improved, but there are still electrolysis
, there is re-electrolysis in 4 DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE of liquid, and electrolysis cutting accuracy is not high；
Processing gap flow field distribution map subtracts due to the sealing process of high pressure gas when Fig. 7 is the cutting of biflow path pipe electrolysis
DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE range of the small electrolyte 4 in processing gap, reduces Electrolyzed Processing region, and the flow field in machining area is more
It is good uniformly, flowing velocity it is bigger, be electrolysed cutting efficiency and machining accuracy and be all improved.
The hole array 18 and fine slit 19 of biflow path pipe electrode 5 are optimized, suitable machined parameters are selected, is imitated
Fruit is more preferably.
It can be seen that " dual channel proposed by the present invention by carrying out simulation comparison to 4 flow field of electrolyte in processing gap
Electrolysis cutting efficiency and machining accuracy can be improved in pipe electrode and its electrolysis cutting method ".
Claims (3)
1. a kind of biflow path pipe electrode（5）, it is characterised in that：
The biflow path pipe electrode（5）For the metal circular tube of lower end closed, inner axial tube is equipped with a partition（20）, by round tube inner cavity
It is separated into infusion runner（21）With gas transmission runner（22）Two parts；
In infusion runner（21）Outer side surface, wall thickness direction from inside to outside, tilts down and is provided with hole array（18）,
Workpiece（7）Thickness direction, hole array（18）Distribution be not less than machining area range, guarantee from hole array（18）It penetrates
The electrolyte of outflow（4）Entire machining area can be covered；
In gas transmission runner（22）Outer side surface on open up the fine slit of two column（19）, the fine slit of two column（19）Position respectively
In outer side surface and the close marginal position of partition；Fine slit（19）Length is greater than workpiece（7）Thickness guarantees from fine slit
（19）The high pressure gas ejected can be by electrolyte（4）All it is enclosed in the machining area of front end.
2. using biflow path pipe electrode described in claim 1（5）Electrolysis cutting method, it is characterised in that：
Biflow path pipe electrode is defined along pipe electrode direction of feed according to electrolysis line cutting technology feature（5）Infusion runner（21）
Outer side surface be electrolysis face preparation；Gas transmission runner（22）Outer side surface be non-working surface；
When electrolysis cutting, electrolyte（4）By hydraulic pump（11）It is injected into infusion runner（21）It is interior, swiftly flowing electrolyte（4）
From hole array（18）Middle injection, due to hole array（18）It tilts down, electrolyte（4）Downward point speed is provided with when injection
Degree, accelerates electrolyte（4）The speed for flowing downward out processing gap, promotes the discharge of electrolysate, improves electrolysis cutting
Efficiency, and process in gap, electrolyte（4）DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE in the horizontal direction reduces, mobility in the vertical direction
It can enhance, so that electrolyte（4）In workpiece（7）The flow field uniformity and electric field consistency of thickness direction are all promoted, and are improved
Electrolysis cutting accuracy；
High pressure gas is by air pump（15）It is injected into gas transmission runner（22）Interior, high pressure gas is from fine slit（19）Middle ejection, will be electric
Solve liquid（4）It is enclosed in machining area, reduces electrolyte（4）DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE range in processing gap reduces electrolysis and adds
Work area domain improves electrolysis cutting accuracy.
3. biflow path pipe electrode according to claim 2（5）Electrolysis cutting method, it is characterised in that：
Biflow path pipe electrode（5）Pass through two-chamber adapter（3）Realize electrolyte injection and high pressure gas injection；
Two-chamber adapter（3）Upper end is equipped with infusion connector（23）With gas transmission interface（24）, lower end is equipped with pipe electrode interface（25）, interior
There are two cavitys for portion's tool；Pass through pipe electrode interface（25）Make two cavitys respectively with biflow path pipe electrode（5）Infusion runner
（21）And gas distribution channel（22）It is corresponding.
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| CN201810693235.1A CN108890053B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Double-channel tube electrode and electrolytic cutting method thereof |
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| CN201810693235.1A CN108890053B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Double-channel tube electrode and electrolytic cutting method thereof |
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| CN109676208A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-04-26 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of pipe electrode and its Fine and Deep Hole electric processing method with flexible support and promotion processing product discharge |
| CN110340469A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-10-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Gas-liquid compound electrode and electrochemical machining method |
| CN111545851A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tool for cutting large-thickness electrolytic wire and using method thereof |
| CN111687504A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-09-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Special-shaped group-seam type cathode arc surface outer groove electrolytic machining device and method |
| CN112059340A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tube electrode for electrolytic electric spark composite cutting and machining method |
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