CN113199095A - Surface micro-groove machining method and micro electric spark machining device - Google Patents
Surface micro-groove machining method and micro electric spark machining device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113199095A CN113199095A CN202110590247.3A CN202110590247A CN113199095A CN 113199095 A CN113199095 A CN 113199095A CN 202110590247 A CN202110590247 A CN 202110590247A CN 113199095 A CN113199095 A CN 113199095A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A method for machining micro-grooves on surface includes such steps as forming the channel of array groove on the first metal foil, alternatively stacking the first and the second metal foils to form an initial laminated electrode, machining the initial laminated electrode by a predefined path to form a laminated electrode blank, fixing the laminated electrode blank in a gas storage, inputting gas from the gas inlet of the gas storage, outputting the gas from the gas outlet of the gas storage and the channel of array groove, electric spark machining several times to form a predefined contour structure, and electric spark machining to realize high-quality and high-efficiency electric spark machining of deep and narrow micro-grooves, the problem of the piece that exists in the fine electric spark machining process is got rid of the degree of difficulty great is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of electric spark machining, and particularly relates to a machining method of a surface micro-groove and a micro electric spark machining device.
Background
The surface micro-groove is an important surface functional structure, and cutting machining, grinding machining, laser machining, electrolytic machining and electric spark machining are typical machining modes for obtaining the surface micro-groove. Laser processing is difficult to process deep and narrow micro-grooves due to focusing problems; the size precision of the electrolytic machining is difficult to control due to stray corrosion; cutting/grinding can achieve a high quality machined surface, but it is difficult to machine deep and narrow microgrooves. As one of electric discharge machining, micro electric discharge machining has advantages of non-contact type, no macroscopic cutting force, capability of machining any high-strength and high-hardness conductive material, and high machining accuracy, as compared with other machining methods, and is often used for machining surface microstructures.
However, in the micro electric discharge machining process, as the machining depth increases, the difficulty of discharging chips in the machining gap gradually increases, the machining environment rapidly deteriorates, abnormal discharge and even short circuit are easily generated, and the machining efficiency and the surface quality are seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for machining a micro groove on a surface and a micro electrical discharge machining apparatus, and aims to solve the problem of difficulty in removing chips during a micro electrical discharge machining process.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing a surface micro groove, where the method for processing a surface micro groove includes:
forming an array trench channel on a first metal foil, the array trench channel having a length less than a length of the first metal foil;
combining the first metal foil and a second metal foil in an alternating lamination to form an initial lamination electrode, wherein the second metal foil has a smaller spark machining loss rate than the first metal foil;
processing the initial laminated electrode according to a preset path to form a laminated electrode blank;
fixing the laminated electrode blank in a gas storage device, and inputting gas from a gas inlet of the gas storage device, wherein the gas is output from a gas outlet of the gas storage device and the array groove channel;
and carrying out multiple rounds of electric spark machining with fixed depth on the laminated electrode blank so as to gradually wear the working end face of the laminated electrode to form a preset profile structure.
In one embodiment, the multi-round fixed depth electro-discharge machining of the laminated electrode blank includes:
and carrying out multi-round fixed-depth electric spark machining on the laminated electrode blank at different positions of the same metal workpiece.
In one embodiment, the first metal foil is tin.
In one embodiment, the second metal foil is at least one of copper, molybdenum, tungsten.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the first metal foil is 200-.
In one embodiment, the array of trench channels comprises at least 3 trench channels, the trench channels having a width of 0.5-2mm and a length of 40-60 mm.
In one embodiment, the first metal foil has a length greater than 60 mm.
In one embodiment, the alternately laminating and combining the first metal foil and the second metal foil to form an initial laminated electrode includes:
and alternately laminating and combining a plurality of processed first metal foils and a plurality of processed second metal foils, wherein the first metal foils and the second metal foils are connected by coating conductive glue, the first metal foils are tin foils, and the second metal foils are copper foils.
In one embodiment, said combining said alternating stacks of first and second metal foils to form an initial stacked electrode further comprises:
and clamping and fixing the initial laminated electrode by using a clamp, wherein the length of the front end exposed electrode is more than 55mm, and the length of the rear end exposed electrode is more than 10 mm.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a micro electric discharge machining apparatus manufactured by the method for machining a surface micro groove according to any one of the above methods.
In the embodiment of the application, firstly, an array groove channel is formed on a first metal foil, the length of the array groove channel is less than that of the first metal foil, the first metal foil and a second metal foil are alternately laminated and combined to form an initial laminated electrode, the electric spark machining loss rate of the second metal foil is less than that of the first metal foil, processing the initial laminated electrode according to a preset path to form a laminated electrode blank, fixing the laminated electrode blank in an air storage device, gas is input from the gas inlet of the gas storage device and output from the gas outlet of the gas storage device and the array groove channel, the laminated electrode blank is subjected to multi-wheel electric spark machining with fixed depth, so that the working end face of the laminated electrode is gradually worn to form a preset profile structure, therefore, high-quality and high-efficiency micro electric spark machining of the deep and narrow micro groove is realized, and the problem of high difficulty in removing scraps in the micro electric spark machining process is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for processing a surface micro-groove according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first metal foil with an array of trench channels according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternate stack of a first metal foil and a second metal foil according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked electrode blank and a gas storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a gas storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic side view of a stacked electrode blank according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a laminated electrode blank according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In order to explain the technical means of the present application, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
The embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing a surface micro-groove, which includes steps S10 to S50, as shown in fig. 1.
In step S10, an array trench channel is formed on a first metal foil, the array trench channel having a length less than a length of the first metal foil.
In this embodiment, the array trench channels are formed on the first metal foil, and margins are left at two ends of the array trench channels, so that the overall shape of the first metal foil can be ensured, and the subsequent construction of the laminated electrode blank is facilitated.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the array trench channel 1 is located at the center of the first metal foil 2, and the length of the array trench channel 1 is smaller than the length of the first metal foil 2.
In step S20, the first metal foil and the second metal foil are alternately stacked to form an initial stacked electrode, wherein the electrical discharge machining loss rate of the second metal foil is smaller than the electrical discharge machining loss rate of the first metal foil.
In this embodiment, the second metal foil and the first metal foil have different electrode wear rates for electrical discharge machining, and a plurality of layers of the first metal foil and the second metal foil are alternately stacked and combined, and one surface of the first metal foil on which the array groove channels are arranged is attached to the second metal foil to form the internal array groove channels.
In one embodiment, the first metal foil has a relatively high rate of spark erosion.
In a specific application, the spark erosion rate refers to the erosion rate of the metal foil during spark erosion, and is used to characterize the consumption of the metal foil, and the first metal foil may be made of a material with a relatively low melting point, for example, the first metal foil may be tin.
Referring to fig. 3, the first metal foil and the second metal foil are alternately stacked to form an initial stacked electrode 20, and the length of the array trench channel 1 exposed at the front end 22 of the initial stacked electrode is greater than the length of the array trench channel 1 exposed at the rear end 21 of the initial stacked electrode.
In step S30, the initial laminated electrode is processed according to a predetermined path to form a laminated electrode blank.
In one embodiment, the laminated electrode blank is obtained by machining according to a preset path to obtain a laminated electrode initial blank, and then removing the part of the array groove channel which is not machined in the length direction of the electrode.
In a specific application embodiment, machining is carried out according to a given path by adopting a wire-cut electrical discharge machining process to obtain a laminated electrode initial blank, and then a part of a channel which is not machined in the length direction of the electrode is removed by adopting wire-cut electrical discharge machining, so that the laminated electrode blank is obtained.
In step S40, the stacked electrode blank is fixed in a gas storage device, and gas is input from a gas inlet of the gas storage device, and the gas is output from a gas outlet of the gas storage device and the array groove channel.
In this embodiment, the stacked electrode blank is fixed in the gas storage device, the gas inlet of the gas storage device is connected to the gas pressure valve through the gas pipe, the gas is input from the gas inlet of the gas storage device by adjusting the gas pressure valve, and then the gas is exhausted from the gas outlet of the gas storage device (i.e. the periphery of the stacked electrode blank) and the array groove channels inside the stacked electrode blank.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gas storage device 41, and referring to fig. 4 and 5, the gas inlet 31 of the gas storage device 41 is used for inputting gas, and the gas outlet 32 of the gas storage device 41 and the array groove channel 33 are used for exhausting gas.
Specifically, the air outlet 32 of the air storage device 41 is located on the side wall of the electrode, and an air outlet inside the electrode is formed between the array groove channel 33 and the second metal foil.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, gas is introduced through the in-electrode array trench gas inlet 331 and gas is exhausted through the in-electrode array trench channel gas outlet 33 and the electrode sidewall gas outlet 332.
In step S50, the laminated electrode blank is subjected to a plurality of rounds of electric discharge machining with a fixed depth so that the working end face of the laminated electrode gradually wears down to form a predetermined profile structure.
Through the steps S10 to S50, a proper tool electrode can be prepared, the micro groove on the surface can be machined through gas-assisted electric spark machining, and high-quality and high-efficiency micro electric spark machining of the deep and narrow micro groove is achieved.
In specific application, the chips generated in the electric spark machining process are quickly discharged out of a machining gap by the aid of the side wall of the laminated electrode and the internal array groove channel gas, and the machining environment is improved, so that the efficiency and the stability of micro electric spark machining are improved, the surface quality of the micro groove is improved, and high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the deep and narrow micro groove is realized.
In one embodiment, in step S50, the method includes performing multiple rounds of fixed depth electro-discharge machining on the laminated electrode blank, including: and carrying out multi-round fixed-depth electric spark machining on the laminated electrode blank at different positions of the same metal workpiece.
In the present embodiment, the laminated electrode blank is subjected to multiple rounds of fixed-depth electro-discharge machining at different positions of the same metal workpiece, and the working surface of the laminated electrode is gradually worn to form a stable profile structure by utilizing the characteristic that tool electrodes made of different materials have different wear rates.
The gas is introduced into the array groove channel in the laminated electrode, so that the rapid discharge of chips in a machining gap is facilitated, and the machining environment is improved, so that the micro electric spark machining efficiency and the surface quality of the micro groove are improved, and the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the deep and narrow micro groove is realized.
In one embodiment, the first metal foil is tin.
In one embodiment, the second metal foil is at least one of copper, molybdenum, tungsten.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the first metal foil is 200-.
In one embodiment, the first metal foil has a thickness of 300 um.
In one embodiment, the second metal foil has a thickness of 30-60 um.
In one embodiment, the second metal foil has a thickness of 50 um.
In one embodiment, the array of trench channels comprises at least 3 trench channels, the trench channels having a width of 0.5-2mm and a length of 40-60 mm.
In one embodiment the first metal foil has a length of more than 70mm leaving a 10mm margin at each end of the array of trench channels.
In one embodiment, the alternately laminating and combining the first metal foil and the second metal foil to form an initial laminated electrode includes: and alternately laminating and combining a plurality of processed first metal foils and a plurality of processed second metal foils, wherein the first metal foils and the second metal foils are connected by coating conductive glue, the first metal foils are tin foils, and the second metal foils are copper foils.
In this embodiment, a plurality of processed tin foils and a plurality of copper foils are combined in a stacked manner, and then the foil layers are firmly connected by coating conductive glue on the surfaces of the foils.
In a specific application embodiment, 9 processed tin foils and 10 copper foil raw materials are alternately laminated and combined, the foil layers are firmly connected by coating a layer of extremely thin conductive glue, and then are clamped and fixed by a clamp, the length of the front exposed electrode is 55mm, and the length of the rear exposed electrode is 10 mm.
In one embodiment, said combining said alternating stacks of first and second metal foils to form an initial stacked electrode further comprises: and clamping and fixing the initial laminated electrode by using a clamp, wherein the length of the front end exposed electrode is more than 55mm, and the length of the rear end exposed electrode is more than 10 mm.
In this embodiment, a metal foil with a predetermined length is left at two ends of the array trench channel, and the front end of the clamp is exposed by a predetermined electrode length, for example, the length of the front exposed electrode is greater than that of the rear exposed electrode.
In one embodiment, the length of the electrode exposed at the rear end of the fixture is greater than the remaining length of the first metal foil with the arrayed grooved channels at both ends.
In one embodiment, the margin length may be 10 mm.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a micro electric discharge machining apparatus manufactured by the method for machining a surface micro groove according to any one of the above methods.
In the specific application, the side wall of the laminated electrode and the internal array groove channel are used for gas assistance, and the method is applied to the micro electric spark machining of deep and narrow grooves, can quickly discharge scraps generated in the electric spark machining process out of machining gaps, and improves the machining environment, so that the efficiency and stability of micro electric spark machining are improved, the surface quality of micro grooves is improved, and high-quality and high-efficiency machining of deep and narrow micro grooves is realized.
In the embodiment of the application, firstly, an array groove channel is formed on a first metal foil, the length of the array groove channel is less than that of the first metal foil, the first metal foil and a second metal foil are alternately laminated and combined to form an initial laminated electrode, the electric spark machining loss rate of the second metal foil is less than that of the first metal foil, processing the initial laminated electrode according to a preset path to form a laminated electrode blank, fixing the laminated electrode blank in an air storage device, gas is input from the gas inlet of the gas storage device and output from the gas outlet of the gas storage device and the array groove channel, the laminated electrode blank is subjected to multi-wheel electric spark machining with fixed depth, so that the working end face of the laminated electrode is gradually worn to form a preset profile structure, therefore, high-quality and high-efficiency micro electric spark machining of the deep and narrow micro groove is realized, and the problem of high difficulty in removing scraps in the micro electric spark machining process is solved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for processing a surface micro-groove is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming an array trench channel on a first metal foil, the array trench channel having a length less than a length of the first metal foil;
combining the first metal foil and a second metal foil in an alternating lamination to form an initial lamination electrode, wherein the second metal foil has a smaller spark machining loss rate than the first metal foil;
processing the initial laminated electrode according to a preset path to form a laminated electrode blank;
fixing the laminated electrode blank in a gas storage device, and inputting gas from a gas inlet of the gas storage device, wherein the gas is output from a gas outlet of the gas storage device and the array groove channel;
and carrying out multiple rounds of electric spark machining with fixed depth on the laminated electrode blank so as to gradually wear the working end face of the laminated electrode to form a preset profile structure.
2. The method for machining a surface micro-groove according to claim 1, wherein the multi-round fixed-depth electro-discharge machining of the laminated electrode blank comprises:
and carrying out multi-round fixed-depth electric spark machining on the laminated electrode blank at different positions of the same metal workpiece.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal foil is tin.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second metal foil is at least one of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thickness of the first metal foil is 200-500 μm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the array of grooved channels comprises at least 3 grooved channels, the grooved channels having a width of 0.5-2mm and a length of 40-60 mm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first metal foil has a length greater than 60 mm.
8. The method for processing surface micro-grooves according to claim 1, wherein said alternately laminating and combining the first metal foil and the second metal foil to form an initial laminated electrode comprises:
and alternately laminating and combining a plurality of processed first metal foils and a plurality of processed second metal foils, wherein the first metal foils and the second metal foils are connected by coating conductive glue, the first metal foils are tin foils, and the second metal foils are copper foils.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said combining the alternating stacks of first and second metal foils to form an initial stack electrode further comprises:
and clamping and fixing the initial laminated electrode by using a clamp, wherein the length of the front end exposed electrode is more than 55mm, and the length of the rear end exposed electrode is more than 10 mm.
10. A micro electric discharge machining apparatus characterized by being produced by the method of machining the surface micro grooves according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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