CN108870821A - Low-temperature cooling equipment using refrigerator as cold source - Google Patents
Low-temperature cooling equipment using refrigerator as cold source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108870821A CN108870821A CN201810679670.9A CN201810679670A CN108870821A CN 108870821 A CN108870821 A CN 108870821A CN 201810679670 A CN201810679670 A CN 201810679670A CN 108870821 A CN108870821 A CN 108870821A
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- helium
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- cold head
- cold
- liquid helium
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001073 sample cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature cooling device taking a refrigerating machine as a cold source, which comprises a cover body with a vacuum cavity, the refrigerating machine, a liquid helium pool, an overflow helium pool and a sample container, wherein the liquid helium pool, the overflow helium pool and the sample container are arranged in the vacuum cavity; a condenser is arranged on the secondary cold head; the super-flow helium tank is positioned below the liquid helium tank; the liquid helium pool accommodating cavity is communicated with the super-flow helium pool accommodating cavity through a throttling pipeline; the sample container is positioned below the super flow helium tank, and the sample container is fixedly attached to the bottom surface of the super flow helium tank; the equipment also comprises a main air inlet pipeline and a gas circulating pipeline; one end of the main air inlet pipeline is connected with helium supply equipment, and the other end of the main air inlet pipeline is communicated with the liquid helium tank accommodating cavity; one end of the gas circulation pipeline is communicated with the super-flow helium tank cavity, and the other end of the gas circulation pipeline is communicated and connected with the main gas inlet pipeline. The low-temperature cooling equipment provided by the invention can rapidly obtain 1.8K super-current helium by using normal-temperature high-purity helium, the precooling time of a cooled sample is short, and a device needing extremely low temperature can be rapidly cooled conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sub-cooled technical fields.More particularly, to a kind of using refrigeration machine as the sub-cooled of cold source
Equipment.
Background technique
In the high precision instrument such as photon detector and infrared detector, detectable signal is faint after all, is easy to receive
The influence that surrounding is interfered.With the development of the new and high technologies such as space flight, information, requirement of the technical field to detector precision is increasingly mentioned
Height has put forward higher requirement to the elimination of noise jamming.Temperature is lower, and the radiation of object emission is fewer, so when detection
It is lower that device is in environment temperature, and ambient enviroment interference is smaller, and measurement accuracy is also higher.When superconducting magnet is cooling, due to super
Helium is flowed compared with liquid helium, and viscosity is lower, and specific heat is higher and has higher heat transfer, so in high magnetic field intensity superconducting magnet
In superconductor cavity, superfluid helium is widely used and carries out system cooling.With national big science engineering to low temperature environment demand increasingly
Increase, more stringent requirements are proposed to 25K following temperature control stability, repeatability and accuracy of measurement by user, so far
Until, minimum temperature fixed point specified in international temperature scale is hydrogen three phase point (13.8K).In order to meet the country to high accuracy temperature
The new demand of measurement is spent, the super stream fixed point experimental data support of long-term, stable liquid helium is obtained, liquid helium superfluid helium changes fixed point
The cold source that measuring device needs to provide steady and continuous is tested.
It is existing obtain 2K following temperature device be divided into two kinds, one is in a sealed container by liquid helium depressurize cool down,
The shortcomings that this mode, is that helium consumption is huge, and when filling liquid helium, can cause to seal easy temperature fluctuation, meanwhile, it needs
The lasting filling liquid helium that very important person is, risk are bigger than normal.Another kind is that helium is liquefied as liquid helium by refrigeration machine, then passes through section
The shortcomings that stream cooling generates 1.8K superfluid helium, and this device can overcome former, however also bring new problem.Due to refrigeration
The introduction of machine inevitably brings the vibration of sample, this brings very big interference to the operation of cooled precision instrument.
Followed by room temperature helium gas cooling is generated 4.2K liquid helium by refrigeration machine, needs that helium cycle pipeline is pre-chilled first, which needs
Spend the time longer.Finally, sample and refrigeration machine need to contact less as far as possible in order to eliminate the vibration of refrigeration machine bring, this
Just bring sample cooling difficulty.
In order to obtain the experimental situation for being lower than 2K, while overcoming the defect of existing equipment, is badly in need of the new modified form of one kind and sets
It is standby.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, it is set it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of by the sub-cooled of cold source of refrigeration machine
It is standby.The cooling equipment, which passes through pre-cooling, quickly to obtain 1.8K superfluid helium using room temperature high-purity helium, when the sample that is cooled is pre-chilled
Between it is short, it is convenient that the device for needing extremely low temperature is rapidly cooled；And by once supplying, helium gas-liquid can turn in equipment
Change and recycle, can continuously carry out the acquisition of superfluid helium, provides stable cooling capacity for cooled sample, save helium and disappear
Consumption, avoids the fluctuation due to temperature, influences the stability and accuracy of cooled sample low temperature test.
It is according to the present invention at least one aspect, the present invention provide it is a kind of using refrigeration machine as the sub-cooled equipment of cold source,
The equipment includes：
Cover with vacuum chamber；
It include the refrigeration machine of level-one cold head and second level cold head；Level-one cold head and second level cold head are respectively positioned in vacuum chamber；With
And
Liquid helium bath, superfluid helium pond and the sample container being set in vacuum chamber；
Wherein, the liquid helium bath and the sealing of second level cold head are fixed, and are formed with accommodating chamber, are provided on the second level cold head
Condenser, the condenser are located in accommodating chamber；
The superfluid helium pond includes Packed cavity, which is located at liquid helium bath lower position；The liquid helium bath
Pass through throttling pipeline connection between accommodating chamber and superfluid helium pool capacity chamber；
The sample container includes Packed sample cavity, which is located at superfluid helium pond lower position, and
The sample container is bonded fixation with the bottom surface in the superfluid helium pond；
The equipment further includes having main air inlet pipe road and gas circulation line；
The one end on the main air inlet pipe road is connect with helium supply arrangement, and the other end is connected to the liquid helium bath accommodating chamber
It connects；
One end of the gas circulation line is connected to the superfluid helium pool capacity chamber, and the other end and the main air inlet pipe road connect
Lead to and connects.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, the gas circulating tube road includes vacuum pump, and is arranged on main air inlet pipe road
The air bag of gas circulating tube road between vacuum pump.
Further, it is preferable to scheme is, the main air inlet pipe road include be wrapped on level-one cold head, on second level cold head and
Heat exchanging part between level-one cold head and second level cold head on cylinder；
The heat exchanging part includes：
The first heat exchanging part corresponding with level-one cold head；
Corresponding second heat exchanging part of cylinder between level-one cold head and second level cold head；And
Third heat exchanging part corresponding with second level cold head.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, the material of first heat exchanging part and the material of third heat exchanging part are copper；
The material of second heat exchanging part is stainless steel.
Further, it is preferable to scheme is, further include on the main air inlet pipe road between heat exchanging part and helium supply arrangement have with
The cold-trap with inner cavity of main air inlet pipe road connection setting.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, being additionally provided between the liquid helium bath accommodating chamber and superfluid helium pool capacity chamber includes to cut
The only connecting pipeline of valve.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, the equipment further includes the cold screen of level-one having in the vacuum chamber；
Cylinder between the level-one cold head, level-one cold head and second level cold head, second level cold head, liquid helium bath, superfluid helium pond and
Sample container is respectively positioned in the cold screen inner cavity of level-one of the cold screen of the level-one.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, the equipment further includes having in the cold screen inner cavity of level-one of the cold screen of the level-one
The cold screen of second level；
The second level cold head, liquid helium bath, superfluid helium pond and sample container are respectively positioned in the cold screen of second level of the cold screen of the second level
In chamber.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, the equipment further includes having liquid helium Dewar, which passes through filling line and institute
State the connection connection of liquid helium bath accommodating chamber.
Further, it is preferable to which scheme is, there are the storages for accommodating liquid helium between the bottom and liquid helium bottom of pond portion of the condenser
Space；The other end on the main air inlet pipe road and the connection link position of liquid helium bath are located at the portion corresponding with condenser of liquid helium bath
Position.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1, provided by the invention using refrigeration machine as the sub-cooled equipment of cold source, it can be quickly high using room temperature by pre-cooling
Pure helium obtains 1.8K superfluid helium, and the sample pre-coo time that is cooled is short, convenient to be rapidly cooled to the device for needing extremely low temperature；
And by once supplying, helium gas-liquid can be converted and be recycled in equipment, can continuously be carried out the acquisition of superfluid helium, be
Cooled sample provides stable cooling capacity, has saved helium resource, avoids the fluctuation due to temperature, and it is low to influence cooled sample
The stability and accuracy of temperature experiment.
2, sub-cooled equipment provided by the invention, manual operation require low, easy to operate and safe reliable, liquid helium storage hardly possible
Spend it is small, can be used for liquid helium superfluid helium transformation fixed point measuring device, superconducting magnet, the cooling of the devices such as photon detector.
3, sub-cooled equipment provided by the invention includes liquid helium filler, reaches pre- in refrigeration machine second level cold head temperature
If after temperature, liquid helium can be directly inputted, decompression cooling, the cooled sample in fast precooling sample container and sample cavity are carried out
Product.Meanwhile the liquid helium caused by refrigeration machine failure or misoperation occurs in equipment can also be passed directly into liquid helium progress when exhausting
Superfluid helium obtains, and can prevent the generation of cooled sample temperature fluctuation.
4, in sub-cooled equipment provided by the invention, by the control for the pipeline that throttles, superfluid helium evaporation capacity is made to be equal to helium
Gas liquefaction amount, so that the equipment successively can provide the cold source of 1.8K for cooled sample.
5, in sub-cooled equipment provided by the invention, high-purity helium can be by being wrapped on refrigeration machine cylinder and cold head
The heat exchanging part of main air inlet pipe road carries out fast precooling, and the helium after pre-cooling enters the condenser below second level cold head and carries out liquid
Change, while improving helium precooling speed, heat exchanging part can make full use of cylinder backheat, significantly improve the liquefaction amount of helium.
Detailed description of the invention
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 shows the overall structure diagram of equipment provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the portion the A enlarged diagrams in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the present invention is done further below with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
It is bright.Similar component is indicated in attached drawing with identical appended drawing reference.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that institute is specific below
The content of description is illustrative and be not restrictive, and should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
In following description given, for purposes of illustration, in order to provide comprehensive reason to one or more embodiment
Solution, numerous specific details are set forth.It may be evident, however, that these realities can also be realized without these specific details
Apply mode.In other examples, one or more embodiment for ease of description, well known structure and equipment are with block diagram
Form show.
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the utility model is done further below with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
Explanation.Similar component is indicated in attached drawing with identical appended drawing reference.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that being had below
The content of body description is illustrative and be not restrictive, and should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
For the defect for solving the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of using refrigeration machine as the sub-cooled equipment of cold source.This is cold
But equipment quickly can obtain 1.8K superfluid helium using room temperature high-purity helium by pre-cooling, and the sample pre-coo time that is cooled is short, side
Just the device for needing extremely low temperature is rapidly cooled；And by once supplying, helium gas-liquid can be converted and be followed in equipment
Ring can continuously carry out the acquisition of superfluid helium, provide stable cooling capacity for cooled sample.As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, tool
Body, it is provided by the invention to include by the sub-cooled equipment of cold source of refrigeration machine：Cover 1 with vacuum chamber 11；Include
The refrigeration machine 2 of level-one cold head 21 and second level cold head 22；Level-one cold head 21 and second level cold head 22 are respectively positioned in vacuum chamber 11；And
Liquid helium bath 3, superfluid helium pond 4 and the sample container 5 being set in vacuum chamber 11；
Wherein, the liquid helium bath 3 is fixed with the sealing of second level cold head 22, and is formed with accommodating chamber 31, the second level cold head 22
On be provided with condenser 221, the condenser 221 is located in accommodating chamber 31；The superfluid helium pond 4 includes Packed cavity
41, which is located at 3 lower position of liquid helium bath；Lead between 3 accommodating chamber 31 of liquid helium bath and 4 cavity 41 of superfluid helium pond
The connection of throttle pipe road 100 is crossed, is provided with throttle valve on the throttling pipeline 100；
The sample container 5 includes Packed sample cavity 51, which is located at orientation under the superfluid helium pond 4
It sets, and the sample container 5 is bonded fixation with the bottom surface in the superfluid helium pond 4；Further, the equipment further includes having main air inlet
Pipeline 200 and gas circulation line 300；The one end on the main air inlet pipe road 200 is connect with helium supply arrangement 6, the other end
Connection is connected to 3 accommodating chamber 31 of liquid helium bath；One end of the gas circulation line 300 and 4 cavity 41 of superfluid helium pond
Connection, furthermore it includes vacuum pump on the gas circulation line 300 that the other end, which is connected to connection with the main air inlet pipe road 200,
301, and the air bag 302 between main air inlet pipe road 200 and vacuum pump 301 on gas circulation line 300 is set.
As specific embodiment, each with knit stitch cooling equipment provided by the present invention forms progress specifically
It is bright：
The cover 1 is made of stainless steel, and the vacuum chamber 11 of cover 1 provides vacuum environment for entire cooling equipment.
Refrigeration machine 2 uses GM refrigeration machine, and the level-one cold head 21 and second level cold head 22 of refrigeration machine 2 provide cooling capacity for equipment, and
It is respectively equipped with thermometer on level-one cold head 21 and second level cold head 22, to detect each cold head temperature.
The liquid helium bath 3 is made by oxygen-free copper, is tightly connected with 2 second level cold head 22 of refrigeration machine, is given birth to for storing by helium
At liquid helium, 3 bottom of liquid helium bath be equipped with thermometer, for detecting temperature in liquid helium bath 3, meanwhile, liquid helium bath 3 be additionally provided with liquid level change
Device is sent, for detecting 3 inside liquid helium liquid level of liquid helium bath.It should be noted that the liquid helium bath 3 should also be equipped with pressure sensor,
To monitor the pressure in liquid helium bath 3, and it is provided with tubule above liquid helium bath 3, connects the safety being arranged in outside 1 vacuum chamber 11 of cover
Valve, to prevent equipment burst leakage thermal conductivity from causing explosion caused by liquid helium vaporization.
The superfluid helium pond 4 is used to store liquid helium and is flow to by liquid helium bath 3 by depressurizing cooling to be formed in superfluid helium pond 4
Superfluid helium.4 bottom of superfluid helium pond is directly contacted with sample container 5, and with the cooled sample in 5 sample cavity 51 of sample container
Product 7 are by 5 body mediate contact of sample container, so as to be that cooled sample 7 directly provides cold for the superfluid helium in superfluid helium pond 4
Amount, it is preferable that 4 bottom of superfluid helium pond is equipped with thermometer, to measure the temperature in superfluid helium pond 4.
The sample container 5 includes sample cavity 51, and for sample cavity 51 for placing cooled sample 7, the sample 7 that is cooled can be with
It is the devices high to ultralow temperature stability requirement such as liquid helium superfluid helium transformation fixed point measuring device, is also possible to photon detector
Deng the device to vibration sensing.Furthermore 5 body of sample container, is preferably made of oxygen-free copper, as cooled sample 7
Radiation shield, can prevent ambient radiation from influencing cooled sample.
The throttling pipeline 100 is for being connected to 3 accommodating chamber 31 of liquid helium bath and 4 cavity 41 of superfluid helium pond, the throttling pipeline 100
The throttle valve of upper setting can carry out throttling cooling to the liquid helium by the pipeline 100 that throttles, while can control into superfluid helium pond 4
Liquid helium flow velocity, keep whole equipment stable operation, and the pipeline after throttle valve be equipped with thermometer, to measure throttling after liquid
Helium temperature.
The condenser 221 is preferably the plate-fin heat exchanger made by oxygen-free copper, directly cold with 2 second level of refrigeration machine
First 22 are connected and fixed, and the temperature and second level cold head 22 of the condenser 221 are consistent, enter 3 accommodating chamber 31 of liquid helium bath for liquefying
High-purity helium.It should be noted that there are the storages for accommodating liquid helium between 3 bottom of bottom and liquid helium bath of the condenser 221
Deposit space；And the other end on the main air inlet pipe road 200 and the connection link position of liquid helium bath 3 be located at liquid helium bath 3 with it is cold
The corresponding position of condenser 221.
The main air inlet pipe road 200 is used to for the high-purity helium in helium supply arrangement 6 being delivered to the receiving of liquid helium bath 3
In chamber 31, helium supply arrangement 6 is used to store the raw material high-purity helium (99.999%) for obtaining superfluid helium, can be for height
The helium tank of pure helium, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that pressure gauge should be equipped in helium tank outlet, to monitor helium
Gas cylinder internal pressure and inlet pressure；And it is additionally provided with flow controller on main air inlet pipe road 200, for accurately controlling
Into the helium flow velocity of equipment, to guarantee that the evaporation capacity for being equal to superfluid helium into the tolerance of helium makes helium to maintain equipment to stablize
Gas gas-liquid can be converted and be recycled in equipment, can continuously carry out the acquisition of superfluid helium.And on main air inlet pipe road
It exports (port being connected to liquid helium bath) and is equipped with thermometer, to detect the temperature of outlet helium.
The gas circulation line 300 will be connected between superfluid helium pond 4 and main air inlet pipe road 200；The gas circulation line
It include vacuum pump 301 and air bag 302 on 300.Its 301 one side of intermediate pump is used to carry out vacuumize process to equipment,
On the other hand for being cooled down by pumping to the liquid helium in superfluid helium pond 4, to obtain superfluid helium.Air bag 302 is for storing helium
Gas, after realizing that helium supply arrangement 6 provides helium for equipment, helium gas-liquid can be converted and be recycled in equipment, can continuously not
The acquisition of disconnected progress superfluid helium provides stable cooling capacity for cooled sample 7, helium resource is greatly saved.
The basic functional principle of cooling equipment provided by the present invention is that the high-purity helium in helium supply arrangement 6 passes through
Flow controller controls flow, and helium enters second level cold head 22 by main air inlet pipe road 200 and by the pre-cooling of 2 cold head of refrigeration machine
The condenser 221 of lower section liquefies, and high-purity helium is liquefied as 4.2K liquid helium herein, and the 4.2K liquid helium of generation is stored in liquid helium
In pond 3.The 4.2K liquid helium in liquid helium bath 3 enters superfluid helium pond 4 by throttle valve throttling cooling later, opens vacuum pump at this time
301 decompression coolings, under the collective effect of throttle valve and vacuum pump 301, it is 1.8K superfluid helium that the cooling of 4.2K liquid helium, which becomes temperature,.
After the 1.8K superfluid helium amount in superfluid helium pond 4 reaches preset value, throttle valve is opened to suitable aperture, controls 1.8K superfluid helium
Evaporation capacity is equal to helium liquefaction amount, so that the equipment successively can provide 1.8K cold source for cooled sample.It is evaporated
Helium is collected in air bag 302, and subsequently enters next gas-liquid conversion cycles by the effect of vacuum pump 301.It needs to illustrate
Be further include on the main air inlet pipe road 200 of the cooling equipment and gas circulation line 300 have the conveying of several realization helium,
The valve of circulation or regulation helium conveying capacity etc., belongs to known technology, this embodiment party for those skilled in the art
Formula is no longer described in detail this.
Preferably embodiment, due to the cooled sample 7 in 5 sample cavity 51 of sample container 5 and sample container
Fixation only is contacted with superfluid helium pond 4, in the pre-cooling stage, 1.8K superfluid helium is not yet generated in superfluid helium pond 4, so superfluid helium pond 4,
Sample container 5 and the extremely difficult cooling of cooled sample 7.So in the present invention, 3 accommodating chamber 31 of liquid helium bath and superfluid helium pond 4
Be additionally provided between cavity 41 include shut-off valve connecting pipeline 400.Shut-off valve is opened in the pre-cooling stage, can be by liquid helium bath 3
The 4.2K liquid helium of middle generation is all put into superfluid helium pond 4 in advance, and opens the helium of the extraction evaporation of vacuum pump 301.Work as progress
When the experimental stage, shut-off valve is closed, and the 4.2K liquid helium in liquid helium bath 3 enters the superfluid helium pond 4 by throttling pipeline 100.
Specifically, after the 4.2K liquid helium formed in liquid helium bath 3 reaches set amount, it is arranged on opening connecting pipeline 400
Shut-off valve, 4.2K liquid helium all flow into superfluid helium pond 4, open vacuum pump 301 at this time for the helium of evaporation and are drawn to air bag 302,
Decompression cooling, is pre-chilled the cooled sample 7 in 5 sample cavity 51 of sample container 5 and sample container quickly, to sample
Container 5 and cooled sample 7 are cooled to 4.2K or so, close the shut-off valve on connecting pipeline 400, wait in liquid helium bath 3
After 4.2K liquid helium amount reaches preset value, the throttle valve on throttling pipeline 100 is opened to suitable aperture, and utilize throttling pipeline
The throttle valve of 100 settings and the collective effect of vacuum pump 301, make the 4.2K liquid helium in superfluid helium pond 4 cool down and become temperature
1.8K superfluid helium.
In addition, in embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the cooling equipment further includes having liquid helium Dewar 8, the liquid helium Dewar
8 are connected to connection with 3 accommodating chamber of liquid helium bath by filling line 81.The purpose that liquid helium Dewar 8 is arranged is in 2 second level of refrigeration machine
After 22 temperature of cold head reaches preset temperature, 4.2K liquid helium directly can be inputted by liquid helium Dewar 8, and open on connecting pipeline 400
Shut-off valve, the helium of evaporation is evacuated to air bag 302 by later on vacuum pump 301, decompression cooling, fast precooling sample container 5
And the cooled sample 7 in 5 sample cavity 51 of sample container.In addition, working as, there is refrigeration machine failure in equipment or misoperation is led
The liquid helium of cause exhausts, and liquid helium Dewar 8 can also be used and be directly passed through 4.2K liquid helium into liquid helium bath 3, and carry out 1.8K superfluid helium
It obtains, the temperature of cooled sample 7 can be effectively prevent to generate fluctuation, influence the stability and accuracy of experiment.
Moreover it is preferred that the main air inlet pipe road 200 include be wrapped on level-one cold head 21, on second level cold head 22 with
And the heat exchanging part between level-one cold head and second level cold head on cylinder 23；
The heat exchanging part includes first heat exchanging part 201 corresponding with level-one cold head 21；It is cold with level-one cold head 21 and second level
Corresponding second heat exchanging part 202 of cylinder 23 between first 22；And third heat exchanging part 203 corresponding with second level cold head 22.Preferably,
The material of first heat exchanging part 201 and the material of third heat exchanging part 203 are red copper or are oxygen-free copper；Described second changes
The material in hot portion 202 is stainless steel.The material of first heat exchanging part 201 and the material of third heat exchanging part 203 are that red copper is anaerobic
Copper can sufficiently be exchanged heat with level-one cold head, second level cold head due to the thermal coefficient of red copper or oxygen-free copper height with heat exchanging part, quickening pair
The material of the cooling of helium, the second heat exchanging part 202 is stainless steel, and the thermal coefficient of stainless steel is relatively low, exchanges heat with cylinder
While, the heat transfer that can be effectively isolated between a cold head, second level cold head avoids refrigeration machine loss of refrigeration capacity.In the present invention, helium
Fast precooling is carried out by the heat exchanging part on the main air inlet pipe road 200 that is wrapped on 2 cylinder of refrigeration machine and cold head, the helium after pre-cooling
The condenser 221 that gas enters the lower section of second level cold head 22 liquefies, improve helium precooling speed and efficiency, and heat exchanging part is set
Meter can make full use of 23 backheat of cylinder, significantly improve the liquefaction amount of helium.
Further, the equipment further includes the cold screen 12 of level-one having in the vacuum chamber 11, and is located at described
The cold screen 13 of second level in the cold screen inner cavity of level-one of the cold screen 12 of level-one；The level-one cold head 21, level-one cold head 21 and second level cold head 22
Between cylinder 23, second level cold head 22, liquid helium bath 3, superfluid helium pond 4 and sample container 5 be respectively positioned on the one of the cold screen 12 of the level-one
In the cold screen inner cavity of grade.The second level cold head 22, liquid helium bath 3, superfluid helium pond 4 and sample container 5 are respectively positioned on the cold screen 13 of second level
In the cold screen inner cavity of second level.It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the cold screen inner cavity of the level-one and the cold screen inner cavity of second level are answered
It is in vacuum state.
The cold screen 12 of level-one is made of oxygen-free copper, is connected directly fixation with level-one cold head 21, temperature is cold with level-one
First 21 is consistent；The cold screen 12 of level-one is coated with multilayer insulant above, and the cold screen 12 of level-one prevents heat radiation as radiation shield
Influence to the cold screen inner cavity temperature of level-one；And the cold screen 12 of the level-one is additionally provided with thermometer above, to monitor the cold screen 12 of level-one
Temperature.
The cold screen 13 of second level is made of oxygen-free copper, is connected directly fixation, temperature and second level cold head with second level cold head 22
22 is consistent, and the cold screen 13 of second level is coated with multilayer insulant above, and the cold screen 13 of second level prevents heat radiation pair as radiation shield
The influence of the cold screen inner cavity temperature of second level；And the cold screen 13 of the second level is additionally provided with thermometer above, to monitor cold 13 temperature of screen of second level
Degree.
In order to remove the foreign gases such as the foreign gas in helium such as oxygen, nitrogen, foreign gas solidification is avoided to cause to lead
The blocking of air inlet pipeline 200, it is preferable that include on the main air inlet pipe road 200 between heat exchanging part and helium supply arrangement 6 with
The cold-trap 9 with inner cavity of the connection setting of main air inlet pipe road 200.The cold-trap 9 is located at true between the cold screen 12 of level-one and cover 1
In cavity 11, it is preferable that the cold-trap 9 is arranged on the flange of the cold screen 12 of the level-one being connected and fixed with level-one cold head 21, utilizes one
Grade cold head 21 is by the cooling capacity that the cold screen 12 of level-one is that cold-trap 9 provides, and the helium that helium supply arrangement 6 supplies is first in cold-trap 9
Pre-cooling, after the pre-cooling of cold-trap 9, the heat exchanging part into main air inlet pipe road 200 is further pre-chilled helium.
Cooling equipment basic procedure provided by the invention is as follows：
(1) vacuumize process is carried out to whole equipment first, the vacuum degree in equipment is made to reach 10-4Pa；
(2) high-purity helium is passed through to liquid helium bath and superfluid helium pond using main air inlet pipe road and gas circulation line to purge
Displacement；This process is repeated five times, can prevent pipeline residual air frozen block main air inlet pipe road and gas circulation line.Displacement stream
After journey, helium is filled with to 100Pa.
(3) refrigeration machine is opened, while adjusting helium entrance, so that manifold pressure is maintained 100Pa, when second level cold head temperature
After reaching 4.2K, liquid helium starts to generate.After liquid helium pit level reaches default liquid level, cryogenic globe valve is opened, liquid helium is flowed into
Superfluid helium pond cools down superfluid helium pond and sample cavity.
(4) when sample temperature reaches 5K or so, cryogenic globe valve is closed, opens throttle valve and vacuum pump, liquid helium is carried out
Cooling, until superfluid helium temperature is stablized near 1.8K in superfluid helium pond.
(5) liquid helium amount in liquid helium bath is monitored, throttle valve opening is adjusted, is equal to high-purity helium liquefaction amount by throttle valve
Liquid helium amount, and the evaporation capacity for being equal to superfluid helium in superfluid helium pond can be connected with realizing that helium gas-liquid can be converted and be recycled in equipment
The continuous continuous acquisition for carrying out superfluid helium.
(6) temperature of superfluid helium and cooled sample in temperature, liquid level and the pressure and superfluid helium pond of liquid helium bath are monitored
Temperature.
It is provided by the invention using refrigeration machine as the sub-cooled equipment of cold source in conjunction with above content, it can be quick by pre-cooling
Obtain 1.8K superfluid helium using room temperature high-purity helium, the sample pre-coo time that is cooled is short, convenient to the device for needing extremely low temperature
It is rapidly cooled；And by once supplying, helium gas-liquid can be converted and be recycled in equipment, can continuously be surpassed
The acquisition of helium is flowed, stable cooling capacity is provided for cooled sample, has saved helium resource, avoided the fluctuation due to temperature, shadow
Ring the stability and accuracy of cooled sample low temperature test.And sub-cooled equipment provided by the invention also has artificially
Operation requires low, and easy to operate and safe reliable, liquid helium stores the advantages such as difficulty is small.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention may be used also on the basis of the above description for those of ordinary skill in the art
To make other variations or changes in different ways, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is all to belong to this hair
The obvious changes or variations that bright technical solution is extended out are still in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of using refrigeration machine as the sub-cooled equipment of cold source, which is characterized in that the equipment includes：
Cover with vacuum chamber；
It include the refrigeration machine of level-one cold head and second level cold head；Level-one cold head and second level cold head are respectively positioned in vacuum chamber；And
Liquid helium bath, superfluid helium pond and the sample container being set in vacuum chamber；
Wherein, the liquid helium bath and the sealing of second level cold head are fixed, and are formed with accommodating chamber, are provided with condensation on the second level cold head
Device, the condenser are located in accommodating chamber；
The superfluid helium pond includes Packed cavity, which is located at liquid helium bath lower position；The liquid helium bath accommodates
Pass through throttling pipeline connection between chamber and superfluid helium pool capacity chamber；
The sample container includes Packed sample cavity, which is located at superfluid helium pond lower position, and the sample
Product container is bonded fixation with the bottom surface in the superfluid helium pond；
The equipment further includes having main air inlet pipe road and gas circulation line；
The one end on the main air inlet pipe road is connect with helium supply arrangement, and the other end is connected to connection with the liquid helium bath accommodating chamber；
One end of the gas circulation line is connected to the superfluid helium pool capacity chamber, and the other end is connected to the main air inlet pipe road
It connects.
2. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, the gas circulating tube road is wrapped
Vacuum pump has been included, and the air bag between main air inlet pipe road and vacuum pump on gas circulating tube road is set.
3. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, the main air inlet pipe road includes
It is wrapped on level-one cold head, the heat exchanging part on second level cold head and between level-one cold head and second level cold head on cylinder；
The heat exchanging part includes：
The first heat exchanging part corresponding with level-one cold head；
Corresponding second heat exchanging part of cylinder between level-one cold head and second level cold head；And
Third heat exchanging part corresponding with second level cold head.
4. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
Preferably, the material of first heat exchanging part and the material of third heat exchanging part are copper；
The material of second heat exchanging part is stainless steel.
5. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, set in heat exchanging part and helium supply
Main air inlet pipe road between standby further includes having the cold-trap with inner cavity that setting is connected to main air inlet pipe road.
6. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, the liquid helium bath accommodating chamber and super
Stream helium pool capacity chamber between be additionally provided with include shut-off valve connecting pipeline.
7. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, the equipment further includes having to be located at
The cold screen of level-one in the vacuum chamber；
Cylinder, second level cold head, liquid helium bath, superfluid helium pond and sample between the level-one cold head, level-one cold head and second level cold head
Container is respectively positioned in the cold screen inner cavity of level-one of the cold screen of the level-one.
8. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 7, which is characterized in that preferably, the equipment further includes having to be located at
The cold screen of second level in the cold screen inner cavity of level-one of the cold screen of level-one；
The second level cold head, liquid helium bath, superfluid helium pond and sample container are respectively positioned in the cold screen inner cavity of second level of the cold screen of the second level.
9. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, the equipment further includes having liquid helium
Dewar, the liquid helium Dewar are connected to connection with the liquid helium bath accommodating chamber by filling line.
10. sub-cooled equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preferably, the bottom of the condenser and liquid
There are the storage spaces for accommodating liquid helium between helium bottom of pond portion；The other end on the main air inlet pipe road and the connection connection position of liquid helium bath
Setting in the position corresponding with condenser of liquid helium bath.
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| CN109442798A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-08 | 湖南迈太科医疗科技有限公司 | Refrigeration system, closed-loop refrigeration cycle circuit and the method for injecting refrigerant |
| CN110749115A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Multi-functional low temperature vortex coil pipe precooling heat exchanger |
| CN113280572A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
| CN113654382A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-16 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Superconducting cooling circulation system driven by no-motion part |
| CN114279167A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Precooling device of superfluid helium system |
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| CN109442798A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-08 | 湖南迈太科医疗科技有限公司 | Refrigeration system, closed-loop refrigeration cycle circuit and the method for injecting refrigerant |
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| CN110749115A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Multi-functional low temperature vortex coil pipe precooling heat exchanger |
| CN110749115B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2023-12-26 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Multifunctional low-temperature vortex coil precooling heat exchanger |
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| CN114279167A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Precooling device of superfluid helium system |
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| CN114754511B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-05-26 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Refrigerating system and method for cold screen of superconducting undulator |
| CN114754511A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-15 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Refrigerating system and method for cold screen of superconducting undulator |
| CN115388615A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-11-25 | 北京师范大学 | Argon liquefaction system |
| CN115388615B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-11-24 | 北京师范大学 | Argon liquefaction system |
| CN114739115A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-12 | 中船重工鹏力（南京）超低温技术有限公司 | Low-temperature gas liquefying device |
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| CN114931840B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2024-02-13 | 散裂中子源科学中心 | Helium three-gas purifying system |
| CN117299242A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2023-12-29 | 北京飞斯科科技有限公司 | Ultra-low temperature system of inferior K ultra-low vibration |
| CN117299242B (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-03-12 | 北京飞斯科科技有限公司 | Ultra-low temperature system of inferior K ultra-low vibration |
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