CN108864624A - 一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108864624A
CN108864624A CN201810875859.5A CN201810875859A CN108864624A CN 108864624 A CN108864624 A CN 108864624A CN 201810875859 A CN201810875859 A CN 201810875859A CN 108864624 A CN108864624 A CN 108864624A
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朱红军
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Suzhou Hao Na New Mstar Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及疏水纳米复合材料技术领域，具体为一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法，包括介电强度<3.5的单层或多层改性高分子材料制成的具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，基材表面有底涂层，底涂层上附着有超疏水纳米涂层；底涂层材料为聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠；超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料。本发明提供的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩，雷达罩主体材料具有微孔结构，散热能力更好；通过在雷达罩表面增加疏水结构，有效避免在雷达罩表面形成雨水聚集，能够有效减弱雨衰现象，密集的疏水表面也阻挡了雨水的进入，保护了雷达内部电路。

Description

一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及疏水纳米复合材料技术领域，具体为一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法。
背景技术
雷达罩是雷达系统的重要组成部分，具有保护雷达天线的作用，可以有效延长雷达天线使用寿命。雷达主要靠发射接收电磁波进行工作，因此雷达罩除具有高强度、高模量、耐紫外线，耐腐蚀，耐老化，耐高温等技术要求外，还要具有优良的电性能，需要具有较小的介电强度，以减少电磁波在穿透雷达过程中的损耗。
在下雨过程中，电磁能量被雨水吸收和反射而发生衰减的过程，称之为雨衰。同时，积聚在雷达罩表面的雨水，也会对电磁波的传输造成相当大的影响。为避免在大雨中出现通信中断，现有减弱雨衰的方式通常为增加电磁波发射能量，增加中继站等方式，极大的增加了雷达的使用成本，而且在正常天气中多余电磁能量和中继站又会造成极大的资源浪费。
为满足雷达罩多项严格的技术要求，早期雷达罩多采用玻璃钢或玻纤材料，价格昂贵，产品笨重，易于损坏，安装不便。随着技术发展，现在雷达罩多采用玻纤增强的复合材料，产品更加轻便。但是，为保护内部雷达的电路，所有雷达罩都是完全封闭的，使得产品散热能力较差，影响雷达的稳定工作。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法，具体的技术方案为：
一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩，包括具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，基材表面有底涂层，底涂层上附着有超疏水纳米涂层；
所述具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，为介电强度<3.5的单层或多层改性高分子材料制成，所述改性高分子材料选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：乙酸纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚三氟乙丙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶；
所述底涂层材料为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠；
所述超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料，粒径大小5-100nm，固含量0.1-10％，与水接触角>150°。
进一步的，具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，微孔结构的直径为0.1-200μm。
本发明还提供该具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)改性高分子材料作雷达罩基材，加入助剂，同时通过共混改性添加无机添加剂，通过注塑或挤出得到具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材；
(2)在雷达罩基材表面均匀刷涂底涂层材料作为底涂层，快速烘干后待用；
(3)将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面，得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
其中，步骤(1)所述的助剂，包括发泡剂、成核剂、交联剂，以形成微孔结构。
进一步的，所述改性高分子材料，通过共混改性添加不超过改性高分子材料质量10％的无机添加剂。所述无机添加剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：铝粉、玻璃纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧玻璃纤维、紫外屏蔽剂、光稳定剂、紫外吸收剂。
步骤(3)所述反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料为将比表面积>200g/m2气相纳米二氧化硅分散至溶剂中，加热至25-40℃，依次加入催化剂有机锡，含氟或非氟硅烷偶联剂，搅拌4-24h至反应完成。所述溶剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种组合：水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、丁烷、己烷。
本发明提供的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩，雷达罩主体材料具有微孔结构，散热能力更好。同时，通过在雷达罩表面增加疏水结构，有效避免在雷达罩表面形成雨水聚集，能够有效减弱雨衰现象，同时密集的疏水表面也阻挡了雨水的进入，保护了雷达内部电路。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
实施例1
采用聚四氟乙烯作雷达罩基材，以基层质量为基数，加入1％的偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂，2％过氧化二异丙苯作交联剂，同时通过共混改性添加5％的玻璃纤维，紫外屏蔽剂2％二氧化钛、0.1％紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.3％光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin 622。通过注塑或挤出得到厚度为3.5mm，微孔直径0.1-10μm的基材材料。
在基材表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层，通过100℃，10min快速烘干后待用。
取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅，投入1000ml乙醇/水＝4/6的混合溶液中，加热至40℃，加入0.01g二甲基锡，随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂SCA-K08E，反应在6-8h内完成，得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面，得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
实施例2
采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作雷达罩基材，以基层质量为基数，加入1％的偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂，2％过氧化二异丙苯作交联剂，同时通过共混改性添加5％的玻璃纤维，紫外屏蔽剂2％二氧化钛、0.1％紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.3％光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin622。通过注塑或挤出得到厚度为3.5mm，微孔直径0.1-10μm的基材材料。
在基材表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层，通过100℃，10min快速烘干后待用。
取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅，投入1000ml乙醇/水＝4/6的混合溶液中，加热至40℃，加入0.01g二甲基锡，随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂KH-550，反应在10h内完成，得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面，得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
实施例3
采用聚乙烯醇作雷达罩基材，以基层质量为基数，加入1％的偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂，2％过氧化二异丙苯作交联剂，同时通过共混改性添加5％的玻璃纤维，紫外屏蔽剂2％二氧化钛、0.1％紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.3％光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin 770。通过注塑或挤出得到厚度为3.5mm，微孔直径0.1-10μm的基材材料。
在基材表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层，通过100℃，10min快速烘干后待用。
取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅，投入1000ml乙醇/水＝4/6的混合溶液中，加热至40℃，加入0.01g二甲基锡，随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷，反应在24h内完成，得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面，得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
对比例
采用厚度3.5mm的玻璃纤维增强的复合材料雷达罩作对比例，对比本发明专利所带来的有益效果。采用接触角测试仪测试材料表面与水的接触角；采用温度传感器测试相同功率下，增加防护布后雷达罩内部腔体温度；在雷达罩内外分别架设一部雷达，外部雷达接收内部雷达发出的信号，采用水洒模拟下雨效果(水洒位置，水流量固定)，对比喷水与无水，得出信号衰减值。将以上各个例子得到的产品进行相关性能的检测，检测结果见表1。
表1检测结果
表面接触角(°) 腔体温度(℃) 信号帅减(dB)
对比例 75 68 8.32
实施例1 158 40 2.30
实施例2 160 41 1.85
实施例3 165 39 1.85
可以看出，采用本专利实施例，增加表面接触角后，信号衰减明显降低，同时由于多孔结构，带来良好的散热效果。

Claims (8)

1.一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩，其特征在于，包括具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，基材表面有底涂层，底涂层上附着有超疏水纳米涂层；
所述具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，为介电强度<3.5的单层或多层改性高分子材料制成，所述改性高分子材料选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：乙酸纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚三氟乙丙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶；
所述底涂层材料为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠；
所述超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料，粒径大小5-100nm，固含量0.1-10％，与水接触角>150°。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩，其特征在于，所述具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材，微孔结构的直径为0.1-200μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)改性高分子材料作雷达罩基材，加入助剂，同时通过共混改性添加无机添加剂，通过注塑或挤出得到具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材；
(2)在雷达罩基材表面均匀刷涂底涂层材料作为底涂层，快速烘干后待用；
(3)将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面，得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述的助剂，包括发泡剂、成核剂、交联剂，以形成微孔结构。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，其特征在于，所述改性高分子材料，通过共混改性添加不超过改性高分子材料质量10％的无机添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，其特征在于，所述无机添加剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：铝粉、玻璃纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧玻璃纤维、紫外屏蔽剂、光稳定剂、紫外吸收剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料为将比表面积>200g/m2气相纳米二氧化硅分散至溶剂中，加热至25-40℃，依次加入催化剂有机锡，含氟或非氟硅烷偶联剂，搅拌4-24h至反应完成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种组合：水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、丁烷、己烷。
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