CN108864624A - 一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及疏水纳米复合材料技术领域,具体为一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法,包括介电强度<3.5的单层或多层改性高分子材料制成的具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,基材表面有底涂层,底涂层上附着有超疏水纳米涂层;底涂层材料为聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠;超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料。本发明提供的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩,雷达罩主体材料具有微孔结构,散热能力更好;通过在雷达罩表面增加疏水结构,有效避免在雷达罩表面形成雨水聚集,能够有效减弱雨衰现象,密集的疏水表面也阻挡了雨水的进入,保护了雷达内部电路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及疏水纳米复合材料技术领域,具体为一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法。
背景技术
雷达罩是雷达系统的重要组成部分,具有保护雷达天线的作用,可以有效延长雷达天线使用寿命。雷达主要靠发射接收电磁波进行工作,因此雷达罩除具有高强度、高模量、耐紫外线,耐腐蚀,耐老化,耐高温等技术要求外,还要具有优良的电性能,需要具有较小的介电强度,以减少电磁波在穿透雷达过程中的损耗。
在下雨过程中,电磁能量被雨水吸收和反射而发生衰减的过程,称之为雨衰。同时,积聚在雷达罩表面的雨水,也会对电磁波的传输造成相当大的影响。为避免在大雨中出现通信中断,现有减弱雨衰的方式通常为增加电磁波发射能量,增加中继站等方式,极大的增加了雷达的使用成本,而且在正常天气中多余电磁能量和中继站又会造成极大的资源浪费。
为满足雷达罩多项严格的技术要求,早期雷达罩多采用玻璃钢或玻纤材料,价格昂贵,产品笨重,易于损坏,安装不便。随着技术发展,现在雷达罩多采用玻纤增强的复合材料,产品更加轻便。但是,为保护内部雷达的电路,所有雷达罩都是完全封闭的,使得产品散热能力较差,影响雷达的稳定工作。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩及其制备方法,具体的技术方案为:
一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩,包括具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,基材表面有底涂层,底涂层上附着有超疏水纳米涂层;
所述具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,为介电强度<3.5的单层或多层改性高分子材料制成,所述改性高分子材料选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合:乙酸纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚三氟乙丙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶;
所述底涂层材料为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合:聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠;
所述超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料,粒径大小5-100nm,固含量0.1-10%,与水接触角>150°。
进一步的,具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,微孔结构的直径为0.1-200μm。
本发明还提供该具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)改性高分子材料作雷达罩基材,加入助剂,同时通过共混改性添加无机添加剂,通过注塑或挤出得到具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材;
(2)在雷达罩基材表面均匀刷涂底涂层材料作为底涂层,快速烘干后待用;
(3)将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式,负载到底涂层表面,得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
其中,步骤(1)所述的助剂,包括发泡剂、成核剂、交联剂,以形成微孔结构。
进一步的,所述改性高分子材料,通过共混改性添加不超过改性高分子材料质量10%的无机添加剂。所述无机添加剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合:铝粉、玻璃纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧玻璃纤维、紫外屏蔽剂、光稳定剂、紫外吸收剂。
步骤(3)所述反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料为将比表面积>200g/m2气相纳米二氧化硅分散至溶剂中,加热至25-40℃,依次加入催化剂有机锡,含氟或非氟硅烷偶联剂,搅拌4-24h至反应完成。所述溶剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种组合:水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丁烷、己烷。
本发明提供的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩,雷达罩主体材料具有微孔结构,散热能力更好。同时,通过在雷达罩表面增加疏水结构,有效避免在雷达罩表面形成雨水聚集,能够有效减弱雨衰现象,同时密集的疏水表面也阻挡了雨水的进入,保护了雷达内部电路。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
实施例1
采用聚四氟乙烯作雷达罩基材,以基层质量为基数,加入1%的偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂,2%过氧化二异丙苯作交联剂,同时通过共混改性添加5%的玻璃纤维,紫外屏蔽剂2%二氧化钛、0.1%紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.3%光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin 622。通过注塑或挤出得到厚度为3.5mm,微孔直径0.1-10μm的基材材料。
在基材表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层,通过100℃,10min快速烘干后待用。
取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅,投入1000ml乙醇/水=4/6的混合溶液中,加热至40℃,加入0.01g二甲基锡,随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂SCA-K08E,反应在6-8h内完成,得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式,负载到底涂层表面,得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
实施例2
采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作雷达罩基材,以基层质量为基数,加入1%的偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂,2%过氧化二异丙苯作交联剂,同时通过共混改性添加5%的玻璃纤维,紫外屏蔽剂2%二氧化钛、0.1%紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.3%光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin622。通过注塑或挤出得到厚度为3.5mm,微孔直径0.1-10μm的基材材料。
在基材表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层,通过100℃,10min快速烘干后待用。
取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅,投入1000ml乙醇/水=4/6的混合溶液中,加热至40℃,加入0.01g二甲基锡,随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂KH-550,反应在10h内完成,得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式,负载到底涂层表面,得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
实施例3
采用聚乙烯醇作雷达罩基材,以基层质量为基数,加入1%的偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂,2%过氧化二异丙苯作交联剂,同时通过共混改性添加5%的玻璃纤维,紫外屏蔽剂2%二氧化钛、0.1%紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.3%光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin 770。通过注塑或挤出得到厚度为3.5mm,微孔直径0.1-10μm的基材材料。
在基材表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层,通过100℃,10min快速烘干后待用。
取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅,投入1000ml乙醇/水=4/6的混合溶液中,加热至40℃,加入0.01g二甲基锡,随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷,反应在24h内完成,得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式,负载到底涂层表面,得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
对比例
采用厚度3.5mm的玻璃纤维增强的复合材料雷达罩作对比例,对比本发明专利所带来的有益效果。采用接触角测试仪测试材料表面与水的接触角;采用温度传感器测试相同功率下,增加防护布后雷达罩内部腔体温度;在雷达罩内外分别架设一部雷达,外部雷达接收内部雷达发出的信号,采用水洒模拟下雨效果(水洒位置,水流量固定),对比喷水与无水,得出信号衰减值。将以上各个例子得到的产品进行相关性能的检测,检测结果见表1。
表1检测结果
表面接触角(°) | 腔体温度(℃) | 信号帅减(dB) | |
对比例 | 75 | 68 | 8.32 |
实施例1 | 158 | 40 | 2.30 |
实施例2 | 160 | 41 | 1.85 |
实施例3 | 165 | 39 | 1.85 |
可以看出,采用本专利实施例,增加表面接触角后,信号衰减明显降低,同时由于多孔结构,带来良好的散热效果。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩,其特征在于,包括具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,基材表面有底涂层,底涂层上附着有超疏水纳米涂层;
所述具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,为介电强度<3.5的单层或多层改性高分子材料制成,所述改性高分子材料选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合:乙酸纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚三氟乙丙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶;
所述底涂层材料为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合:聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠;
所述超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料,粒径大小5-100nm,固含量0.1-10%,与水接触角>150°。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩,其特征在于,所述具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材,微孔结构的直径为0.1-200μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)改性高分子材料作雷达罩基材,加入助剂,同时通过共混改性添加无机添加剂,通过注塑或挤出得到具有微孔结构的雷达罩基材;
(2)在雷达罩基材表面均匀刷涂底涂层材料作为底涂层,快速烘干后待用;
(3)将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式,负载到底涂层表面,得到具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的助剂,包括发泡剂、成核剂、交联剂,以形成微孔结构。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改性高分子材料,通过共混改性添加不超过改性高分子材料质量10%的无机添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机添加剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合:铝粉、玻璃纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧玻璃纤维、紫外屏蔽剂、光稳定剂、紫外吸收剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料为将比表面积>200g/m2气相纳米二氧化硅分散至溶剂中,加热至25-40℃,依次加入催化剂有机锡,含氟或非氟硅烷偶联剂,搅拌4-24h至反应完成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有微孔结构的防雨衰雷达罩的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种组合:水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丁烷、己烷。
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