CN108867095B - 一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108867095B
CN108867095B CN201810875858.0A CN201810875858A CN108867095B CN 108867095 B CN108867095 B CN 108867095B CN 201810875858 A CN201810875858 A CN 201810875858A CN 108867095 B CN108867095 B CN 108867095B
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朱红军
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Abstract

本发明涉及疏水纳米复合材料技术领域，具体为一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布及其制备方法，从上到下依次包括超疏水纳米涂层、底涂层、包括具有微孔结构的树脂纤维织物层；树脂纤维织物层为以下基体材料制成：聚丙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维或醋酸纤维素中的一种；底涂层为以下涂层材料制成：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂中的一种或多种的组合；超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料。本发明提供的防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，避免了防护布对电磁波的阻碍；具有较强的散热能力，有效避免在雷达罩表面形成雨水聚集，能够有效减弱雨衰现象。

Description

一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及疏水纳米复合材料技术领域，具体为一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布及其制备方法。
背景技术
雷达罩是雷达系统的重要组成部分，具有保护雷达天线的作用，可以有效延长雷达天线使用寿命。雷达主要靠发射接收电磁波进行工作，因此雷达罩除具有高强度、高模量、耐候性好等技术要求外，还要具有优良的电性能，需要具有较小的介电强度，以减少电磁波在穿透雷达过程中的损耗。
在下雨过程中，电磁能量被雨水吸收和反射而发生衰减的过程，称之为雨衰。同时，积聚在雷达罩表面的雨水，也会对电磁波的传输造成相当大的影响。为避免在大雨中出现通信中断，现有减弱雨衰的方式通常为增加电磁波发射能量，增加中继站等方式，极大的增加了雷达的使用成本，而且在正常天气中多余电磁能量和中继站又会造成极大的资源浪费。目前还没有相关对雷达罩进行防护的方法。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种用于防雨衰高散热的雷达罩的防护布及其制备方法，具体的技术方案为：
一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，从上到下依次包括超疏水纳米涂层、底涂层、具有微孔结构的树脂纤维织物层；
所述的树脂纤维织物层为以下基体材料制成：聚丙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维或醋酸纤维素中的一种；
所述的底涂层为以下涂层材料制成：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂中的一种或多种的组合；
所述的超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料，粒径大小5-100nm，固含量0.1-10％，与水接触角>150°。
优选的，所述的树脂纤维织物层，厚度为0.3-2mm，其微孔结构大小为1-200μm。
进一步的，制成所述的树脂纤维织物层的材料通过共混改性，添加不超过基体材料质量总量10％的无机添加剂。
其中，所述的无机添加剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：紫外屏蔽剂，光稳定剂，紫外吸收剂。
本发明还提供该防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将基体材料，通过编织的方式得到含有微孔结构的树脂纤维织物层；
在树脂纤维织物层表面均匀刷涂涂层材料作为底涂层，快速烘干后待用；
反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面形成超疏水纳米涂层，最终得到防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布。
其中，所述的基体材料，先经过共混改性，添加紫外屏蔽剂、紫外吸收剂、光稳定剂。
进一步的，所述的反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料由以下方法制备所得，将比表面积>200g/m2气相纳米二氧化硅分散至溶剂中，加热至25-40℃，依次加入催化剂有机锡、硅烷偶联剂，搅拌至反应完成。所述的溶剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种组合：水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丁烷、己烷。
本发明提供的防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，可以根据雷达罩外形进行裁剪设计，拆卸使用方便。防护布主体材料选用具有低介电常数的纤维树脂材料，避免了防护布对电磁波的阻碍；同时，纤维织物的微孔结构能够具有较强的散热能力，防护布表面通过增加超疏水纳米涂层，有效避免在雷达罩表面形成雨水聚集，能够有效减弱雨衰现象。
附图说明
图1是本发明的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
以下实施例制备的防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，如图1所示，从上到下依次包括超疏水纳米涂层1、底涂层2、具有微孔结构的树脂纤维织物层3。具体的制备方法如下：
实施例1
采用聚丙烯纤维织物作基体材料，其介电常数1.5，聚丙烯纤维可以经过共混改性添加紫外屏蔽剂0.5％二氧化钛、0.1％紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 327、0.1％光稳定剂BASFTinuvin 622。通过编织的方式得到孔径为50-150μm，厚度为1mm的树脂纤维织物层3，在树脂纤维织物层3表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层2，通过100℃，10min快速烘干后待用。取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅，投入1000ml乙醇/水＝4/6的混合溶液中，加热至40℃，加入0.01g二甲基锡，随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂SCA-K08E，反应在6-8h内完成，得到超疏水纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面形成超疏水纳米涂层1，最终得到防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布。
实施例2
采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物作基体材料，其介电常数1.5，聚乙烯纤维可以经过共混改性添加紫外屏蔽剂0.5％二氧化钛、0.1％紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 328、0.1％光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin 944。通过编织的方式得到孔径为50-150μm，厚度为1mm的树脂纤维织物层3，在树脂纤维织物层3表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚乙烯醇溶液作为底涂层2，通过100℃，10min快速烘干后待用。取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅，投入1000ml乙醇/丙酮/水＝2/3/5的混合溶液中，加热至40℃，加入0.01g二甲基锡，随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂KH-550，反应在10h内完成，得到纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面形成超疏水纳米涂层1，最终得到防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布。
实施例3
采用醋酸纤维素纤维织物作基体材料，其介电常数3.5，醋酸纤维素可以经过共混改性添加紫外屏蔽剂0.5％二氧化钛、0.1％紫外吸收剂BASF Tinuvin 328、0.1％光稳定剂BASF Tinuvin 531。通过编织的方式得到孔径为50-150μm，厚度为1mm的树脂纤维织物层3，在树脂纤维织物层3表面均匀刷涂3-5μm厚的聚氨酯溶液作为底涂层，通过100℃，10min快速烘干后待用。取50g德固赛的比表面积>200g/m2的纳米气相二氧化硅，投入1000ml乙醇/水＝7/3的混合溶液中，加热至40℃，加入0.02g二甲基锡，随后在搅拌下加入硅烷偶联剂十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷，反应在24h内完成，得到纳米涂层溶液。将纳米涂层溶液通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面形成超疏水纳米涂层1，最终得到防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布。
对比例
采用厚度为1mm的聚丙烯薄膜防护布作对比例，对比本发明专利所带来的有益效果。采用接触角测试仪测试材料表面与水的接触角；采用温度传感器测试相同功率下，增加防护布后雷达罩内部腔体温度；在雷达罩内外分别架设一部雷达，外部雷达接收内部雷达发出的信号，采用水洒模拟下雨效果(水洒位置，水流量固定),对比喷水与无水,得出信号衰减值。
将以上各个例子得到的产品进行相关性能的检测，检测结果见表1。
表1检测结果
表面接触角(°) 腔体温度(℃) 信号帅减(dB)
无防护 70 39 7.50
对比例 88 53 7.35
实施例1 163 41 2.15
实施例2 160 41 1.90
实施例3 165 39 3.88
由检测结果可以看出,采用本专利实施例,增加表面接触角后,信号衰减明显降低，同时由于多孔结构，带来良好的散热效果。

Claims (7)

1.一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，从上到下依次包括超疏水纳米涂层、底涂层、具有微孔结构的树脂纤维织物层；
所述的树脂纤维织物层为以下基体材料制成：聚丙烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维或醋酸纤维素中的一种；
所述的底涂层为以下涂层材料制成：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯、环氧双酚A树脂中的一种或多种的组合；
所述的超疏水纳米涂层为反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料，粒径大小5-100nm，固含量0.1-10%，与水接触角>150°；
防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将基体材料，通过编织的方式得到含有微孔结构的树脂纤维织物层；
在树脂纤维织物层表面均匀刷涂涂层材料作为底涂层，快速烘干后待用；
反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料通过喷涂或浸涂方式，负载到底涂层表面形成超疏水纳米涂层，最终得到防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，所述的树脂纤维织物层，厚度为0.3-2mm，其微孔结构大小为1-200μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，制成所述的树脂纤维织物层的材料通过共混改性，添加不超过基体材料质量总量10%的无机添加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，所述的无机添加剂选自光稳定剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，所述的基体材料，先经过共混改性，添加光稳定剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，所述的反应型含硅烷的纳米涂料由以下方法制备所得，将比表面积>200g/m2气相纳米二氧化硅分散至溶剂中，加热至25-40℃，依次加入催化剂有机锡、硅烷偶联剂，搅拌至反应完成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种防雨衰高散热的雷达罩防护布，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述的溶剂为选自下述组分中的一种或多种组合：水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、N, N-二甲基甲酰胺、丁烷、己烷。
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