CN108864180A - Gemini型油溶性离子液体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
Gemini型油溶性离子液体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108864180A CN108864180A CN201810645701.9A CN201810645701A CN108864180A CN 108864180 A CN108864180 A CN 108864180A CN 201810645701 A CN201810645701 A CN 201810645701A CN 108864180 A CN108864180 A CN 108864180A
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- -1 iso-octyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 62
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 62
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 46
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical class CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- YXJGFVDFBZFVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Cu][Mn][Cu] YXJGFVDFBZFVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- ROUUHLFVSHYWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;bis(6-methylheptyl) phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)CCCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C ROUUHLFVSHYWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYBFKRWZBUQDGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Cu++] SYBFKRWZBUQDGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWMBQMGPRYJSCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphosphane Chemical class CCCCCCCCP SWMBQMGPRYJSCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HNTGIJLWHDPAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromohexadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr HNTGIJLWHDPAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSULSMOGMLRGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromooctadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr WSULSMOGMLRGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOFZTCSTGIWCQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromotetradecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr KOFZTCSTGIWCQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTCWXISSLCZBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribol Natural products CC(CO)CCC1OC2(O)CC3C4CC=C5CC(CCC5(C)C4CCC3(C)C2C1C)OC6OC(CO)C(OC7OC(C)C(O)C(O)C7O)C(O)C6OC8OC(C)C(O)C(O)C8O JTCWXISSLCZBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/11—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
- C07C209/12—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C07C211/63—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
- C07F9/5407—Acyclic saturated phosphonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了Gemini型油溶性离子液体,该离子液体的通式如下:,式中X代表N原子或P原子,R、R1分别独立选自C1‑C18的烷基;R2为丁基或者异辛基;n为2‑18的整数。本发明还公开了该离子液体的制备方法和作为润滑剂或者基础油的添加剂的应用。本发明所述离子液体不仅具有良好的油溶性,还可以明显提高润滑油基础油的摩擦学性能,尤其是对于轻合金的润滑将起到非常好的润滑效果,从而进一步推动了离子液体的工业化应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一系列Gemini型油溶性离子液体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
工业的飞速发展加速了能源的过快消耗,其中,由润滑失效所导致机械的异常磨损而引起的能源耗费占据了所有一次能源消耗的24%之多。发展高效润滑手段,尤其是高性能润滑剂的使用则是减少摩擦、降低或避免磨损的最有效手段。从绿色环保、节能降耗以及可持续发展的角度考虑,传统高硫磷等含量润滑剂及添加剂的发展正逐渐向无硫、低磷、无磷等绿色环保、高效、长寿命等更为环保和生物相容的角度演变。离子液体作为一类最重要的润滑剂及添加剂,自2001首次报道以后(Ye C, Liu W, Chen Y, et al. Room-temperature ionic liquids: a novel versatile lubricant[J]. ChemicalCommunications, 2001 (21): 2244-2245.),已经成为全球学术界和工业界的共同研究热点。事实证明,离子液体作为高性能润滑剂及添加剂的确具有非常优良的减摩抗磨性能,并且具有很好的承载能力(Palacio M, Bhushan B. A review of ionic liquids forgreen molecular lubrication in nanotechnology[J]. Tribology Letters, 2010, 40(2): 247-268; Yao M, Fan M, Liang Y, et al. Imidazolium hexafluorophosphateionic liquids as high temperature lubricants for steel–steel contacts[J].Wear, 2010, 268(1-2): 67-71; Song Z, Yu Q, Cai M, et al. Green ionic liquidlubricants prepared from anti-inflammatory drug[J]. Tribology Letters, 2015,60(3): 38; Fan M, Zhang C, Guo Y, et al. An investigation on the friction andwear properties of perfluorooctane sulfonate ionic liquids[J]. TribologyLetters, 2016, 63(1): 11.) 但是也有很多方面的问题需要我们进一步去研究解决,例如:传统咪唑离子液体制备过程繁琐、高温热稳定性差、成本高、不溶于基础油等等,极大限制其工业应用。为此,研究人员发展了一系列季铵及季磷型的油溶性离子液体,以期解决离子液体合成繁琐及无法作为润滑剂及添加剂的问题(Qu J, Truhan J J, Dai S, et al.Ionic liquids with ammonium cations as lubricants or additives [J]. TribologyLetters, 2006, 22(3): 207-214; Jimenez A E, Bermudez M D, Carrion F J, et al.Room temperature ionic liquids as lubricant additives in steel–aluminiumcontacts: influence of sliding velocity, normal load and temperature [J].Wear, 2006, 261(3-4): 347-359; Fan M, Yang D, Wang X, et al. Doss–basedQAILs: as both neat lubricants and lubricant additives with excellenttribological properties and good detergency [J]. Industrial & EngineeringChemistry Research, 2014, 53(46): 17952-17960.)。
Gemini表面活性剂又称双子表面活性剂,通过一个连接基将两个极性头基相连,此类表活剂相比于传统的季铵或者季磷盐表活剂,表现出了优异的性能和潜在的应用前景。事实上,在水溶液状态这类表活剂更容易在表面或者界面上进行组装,形成一层有序的吸附膜,受此启发,我们试想能否发展一类油溶性Gemini表面活性剂体系,而作为润滑剂或者基础油的添加剂,增加其在摩擦副表面的界面吸附和组装,从而更有益于摩擦化学的发生。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一系列Gemini型油溶性离子液体及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述Gemini型油溶性离子液体的阳离子为带有不同链长的双季铵盐、双季磷盐,阴离子为带有不同烷基链长的磷酸酯官能团。
本发明在之前功能性油溶性离子液体的工作基础上,结合Gemini表面活性剂的分子设计,发展了新型Gemini型油溶性离子液体。本发明通过分子设计避免了S元素的引入,通过改变链长,使得该分子体系尽量做到低磷,通过构建分子内N/P及P/P协同,使得该体系表现出了优异于传统添加剂 (T204、T306)的减摩抗磨特性。
Gemini型油溶性离子液体,其特征在于该离子液体的通式如下:
,
式中X代表N原子或P原子,R、R1分别独立选自C1-C18的烷基;R2为丁基或者异辛基;n为2-18的整数。
所述R、R1分别独立选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、辛基、异辛基、癸基、异癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基中的任意一种。
本发明所述的离子液体如:
NP-14-2-14: n=2,X=N,R=十四烷基,R1=甲基,R2=异辛基,
;
NP-16-2-16: n=2,X=N,R=十六烷基,R1=甲基,R2=异辛基,
;
NP-18-2-18: n=2,X=N,R=十八烷基,R1=甲基,R2=异辛基,
;
P8-P888-2-P888:n=2,X=P,R=R1=辛基,R2=异辛基,
;
P4-P888-2-P888: n=2,X=P,R= R1=辛基,R2=丁基,
。
本发明所述离子液体的制备反应方程式如下:
或
,DBPNa代表二丁基磷酸酯钠、DEHPANa二异辛基磷酸酯钠盐。反应方程式中,二丁基磷酸酯钠(DBPNa)、二异辛基磷酸酯钠盐(DEHPANa) 根据文献(D. Jiang, L. T. Hu, D. P.Feng.Tribol Lett (2011) 41:417–424 )及专利201510789114.3合成。
Gemini型油溶性离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
X为P原子的制备方法:三烷基膦和二溴代烷于惰性气体保护下以乙腈为溶剂,加热回流反应12-24个小时,冷却至室温,旋除溶剂,用石油醚洗涤,干燥后得到Gemini离子液体的二溴化合物;之后加入DEHPANa或者DBPNa,乙腈作溶剂60-90摄氏度搅拌反应12-24小时,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,油状物用二氯甲烷溶解,多次水洗除去未反应的DEHPANa或DBPNa,之后干燥有机相,减压蒸出溶剂得到淡黄色液体,即为Gemini型油溶性离子液体;
X为N原子的制备方法:烷基二胺和溴代烷于惰性气体保护下以乙腈为溶剂,加热回流反应12-24个小时,冷却至室温析出白色粉末,减压过滤,用石油醚洗涤白色粉末,干燥后得到Gemini离子液体的二溴化合物;之后加入DEHPANa或者DBPNa,乙腈作溶剂60-90摄氏度下搅拌反应12-24小时,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,油状物用二氯甲烷溶解,多次水洗除去未反应的DEHPANa或DBPNa,之后干燥有机相,减压蒸出溶剂得到淡黄色液体,即为Gemini型油溶性离子液体。
所述三烷基膦、二溴代烷与二异辛基磷酸酯钠或二丁基磷酸酯钠的摩尔比为2:1:2。
所述烷基二胺、溴代烷与二异辛基磷酸酯钠或二丁基磷酸酯钠的摩尔比为1:2:2。
所述Gemini型油溶性离子液体作为润滑剂或者基础油的添加剂的应用。
本发明所述Gemini型油溶性离子液体具优异的溶解性,能够充分溶解于不同极性的有机溶剂如氯仿、甲醇、丙酮、正己烷、石油醚等,此外这类油溶性离子液体也能够有效的溶解于常用的基础润滑油如500SN、PAO 10等。
本发明所述的离子液体作为基础油PAO 10的添加剂,用于钢/钢、钢/铜、钢/镁、钢/铝、钢/钛摩擦副的润滑剂,表现出了比T204、T306优异的减摩抗磨性能以及高的承载能力。
本发明所述的离子液体作为净润滑剂,用于钢/钢、钢/铜、钢/镁、钢/铝、钢/钛摩擦副的润滑剂,表现出了比基础油PAO 10、传统的咪唑离子液体优异的减摩抗磨性能以及高的承载能力。
本发明所述离子液体不仅具有良好的油溶性,还可以明显提高润滑油基础油的摩擦学性能。尤其是对于轻合金的润滑将起到非常好的润滑效果,从而进一步推动了离子液体的工业化应用。
本发明所述功能化油溶性离子液体用核磁共振1H NMR,13C NMR,31P NMR和高分辨质谱HRMS进行了结构表征。
本发明所述新型Gemini油溶性离子液体的溶解性实验结果显示其具有很好的油溶性。
采用的实验方法如下:
为了评价本发明的油溶性离子液体物理化学性质,并与T204和T306进行比较,采用德国耐驰公司生产的STA 449 F3 TGA-DSC同步热分析仪测定实施例所提供的油溶性离子液体和润滑油添加剂(T204和T306)的热稳定性;采用奥地利安东帕公司生产的SVM 3000石油产品运动粘度仪测定其运动黏度和黏度指数;采用德国Optimol油脂公司生产的SRV-IV微振动摩擦磨损试验机对其减摩抗磨性能进行评价,并与市售合成润滑基础油聚α烯烃(PAO10)及添加剂T204、T306进行对比。其中,SRV-IV微振动摩擦磨损试验机的摩擦副接触方式为球-盘点接触,测试条件为:温度25/ 100摄氏度,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟;试验上试球为Φ 10毫米的AISI 52100,硬度为59-61 HRC钢球。钢/钢摩擦副中,下试样为Φ 24毫米、厚度7.9毫米,硬度为59-61 HRC的AISI 52100钢块,试验所采用载荷为300牛;钢/铜摩擦副中,下试样为Φ 24毫米、厚度7.9毫米,硬度为130-160 HV的铜合金,试验所采用载荷为100牛;钢/钛摩擦副中,下试样为Φ 24毫米、厚度7.9毫米,硬度为33-36 HRC的钛合金,试验所采用载荷为100牛;钢/铝摩擦副中,下试样为Φ 24毫米、厚度7.9毫米,硬度为160-170 HV的铝合金,试验所采用载荷为100牛;钢/镁摩擦副中,下试样为Φ 24毫米、厚度7.9毫米,硬度为80-100 HV的镁合金,试验所采用载荷为100牛;下试样的磨损体积由BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪测得。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,通过代表性实施例进行说明。
实施例1 离子液体NP-14-2-14的合成
500 mL三口瓶中加入7.62 g四甲基乙二胺和40.12 g溴代十四烷,350 mL乙腈做溶剂,在氮气保护下于80 摄氏度下反应24小时。冷却至室温析出白色粉末,减压过滤,用石油醚洗涤白色粉末,干燥后得到14-2-14Br2。在250mL圆底烧瓶中加入13.72 g的14-2-14Br2,13.77 g磷酸二异辛酯钠,乙腈做溶剂,溶液在80摄氏度下充分搅拌24个小时。反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂,加入150 ml CH2Cl2溶解,蒸馏水洗涤后用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤、减压蒸出溶剂得20.58 g淡黄色透明油状液体,收率为88%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.46(s, 4H), 3.71-3.65 (m, 8H), 3.59 (t, J = 8.0 Hz 4H), 3.33 (s, 12H), 1.81-1.69(m, 4H), 1.49-1.24 (m, 80H), 0.88-0.83 (m, 30H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)δ:67.98, 67.92, 66.02, 57.19, 50.87, 40.51, 40.43, 32.04, 30.22, 29.82, 29.77,29.70, 29.61, 29.52, 29.48, 29.17, 26.32, 23.45, 23.25, 23.06, 22.80, 14.24,11.07. 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 30.06 (s)。阳离子部分的质谱计算值:255.2929,实测值:255.2921,阴离子部分的质谱计算值: 321.2200,实测值:321.2190。
实施例2 离子液体NP-16-2-16的合成
500 mL三口瓶中加入22.8 g四甲基乙二胺和134.4 g溴代十六烷,350 mL乙腈做溶剂,在氮气保护下于80摄氏度下反应24小时。冷却至室温析出白色粉末,减压过滤,用石油醚洗涤白色粉末,干燥后得到16-2-16Br2。在250mL圆底烧瓶中加入19.85 g的16-2-16Br2,18.91g磷酸二异辛酯钠,乙腈做溶剂,溶液在80摄氏度下充分搅拌24个小时。反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂,加入150 ml CH2Cl2溶解,蒸馏水洗涤后用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤、减压蒸出溶剂得20.58 g淡黄色透明油状液体,收率为88 %。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.42 (s,4H), 3.81-3.77 (m, 8H), 3.57 (t, J = 8.0 Hz,4H), 3.30 (s, 12H), 1.79-1.69 (m,4H), 1.53-1.19 (m, 88H), 0.89-0.85 (m, 30H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)δ:68.72,68.66, 65.78, 57.19, 50.61, 40.34, 40.26, 32.07, 30.09, 29.86, 29.81, 29.76,29.62, 29.51, 29.11, 26.41, 23.35, 23.20, 22.83, 14.22, 11.04.31P NMR (162MHz, CDCl3) δ: 30.06 (s)。阳离子部分的质谱计算值: 283.3245, 实测值: 283.3234阴离子部分的质谱计算值: 321.2200,实测值321.2208。
实施例3 离子液体NP-18-2-18的合成
500 mL三口瓶中加入22.3 g四甲基乙二胺和138.5 g溴代十八烷,350 mL乙腈做溶剂,在氮气保护下于80摄氏度下反应24小时。冷却至室温析出白色粉末,减压过滤,用石油醚洗涤白色粉末,干燥后得到18-2-18Br2。在250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入20.83 g的18-2-18Br2,18.53 g磷酸二异辛酯钠,乙腈做溶剂,溶液在80摄氏度下充分搅拌24个小时。反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂,加入150 ml CH2Cl2溶解,蒸馏水洗涤后用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤、减压蒸出溶剂得28.83 g淡黄色透明油状液体,收率为85%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.49(s,4H), 3.72-3.69 (m, 8H), 3.59 (t, J = 8.0 Hz,4H), 3.31 (s, 12H), 1.81-1.65(m, 4H), 1.48-1.11 (m, 96H), 0.84 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 30H). 13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:68.10, 68.05, 65.92, 57.27, 50.69, 40.47, 40.39, 32.04, 30.16, 29.82,29.77, 29.71, 29.62, 29.55, 29.47, 29.15, 26.31, 23.38, 23.24, 22.80, 14.23,11.18, 11.04.31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 30.06 (s)。阳离子部分的质谱计算值:311.3555, 实测值: 311.3547,阴离子部分的质谱计算值: 321.2200,实测值321.2204。
实施例4 离子液体P8-P888-2-P888的合成
250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入78.5 g三辛基膦和19.2 g BrCH2CH2Br并加入150 mL乙腈做溶剂,在惰性气体保护下于室温下反应48个小时。冷却至室温,旋除溶剂,用石油醚洗涤,干燥后得到Gemini离子液体的二溴化合物90.2 g,记为P888-2-P888Br2, 产率为92 %。在250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入20.4 g P888-2-P888Br2,15.2 g二异辛基磷酸酯钠盐,乙腈做溶剂,溶液在80摄氏度下充分搅拌24个小时。反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂,加入150 ml CH2Cl2溶解,蒸馏水洗涤后用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤、减压蒸出溶剂得27.25 g淡黄色透明油状液体,收率为86%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.70-3.65 (m, 8H), 3.15 (s, 4H), 2.41 (s,12H), 1.62-1.17 (m, 108H), 0.86-0.82 (m,42H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)δ:70.35,68.13, 58.12, 40.45, 40.37, 40.13, 40.05, 31.88, 31.84, 30.93, 30.11, 29.15,23.33, 23.22, 22.71, 22.06, 14.19, 14.13, 11.16, 10.99, 10.92. 31P NMR (162MHz, CDCl3) δ: 30.06 (s)。阳离子部分的质谱计算值: 384.3879, 实测值: 384.3874,阴离子部分的质谱计算值: 321.2200,实测值321.2208。
实施例5 离子液体P4-P888-2-P888的合成
250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入78.5 g三辛基膦和19.2 g BrCH2CH2Br并加入150 mL乙腈做溶剂,在惰性气体保护下于室温下反应48个小时。冷却至室温,旋除溶剂,用石油醚洗涤,干燥后得到Gemini离子液体的二溴化合物90.2 g,记为P888-2-P888Br2, 产率为92 %。在250mL圆底烧瓶中加入18.8 g P888-2-P888Br2,12.1 g二丁基磷酸酯钠盐,乙腈做溶剂,溶液在80摄氏度下充分搅拌24个小时。反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂,加入150 ml CH2Cl2溶解,蒸馏水洗涤后用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤、减压蒸出溶剂得22.8 g淡黄色透明油状液体,收率为85%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.78-3.73 (m, 8H), 3.16 (s, 4H), 2.49 (s, 12H),1.58-1.24 (m, 88H), 0.90-0.84 (m,30H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)δ:64.91, 64.86,53.53, 33.26, 33.19, 31.88, 31.81, 31.27, 31.23, 30.97, 30.90, 30.82, 29.13,28.39, 27.74, 22.70, 22.08, 19.26, 18.88, 14.14, 13.66, 13.44. 31P NMR (162MHz, CDCl3) δ: 30.06 (s)。阳离子部分的质谱计算值:384.3879, 实测值:384.3896,阴离子部分的质谱计算值:209.0957,实测值209.0948。
实施例6
为了进一步说明我们合成的一系列油溶性离子液体能够完全溶解于基础油中,我们简单的列出该系列离子液体的溶解性,从表1的结果可以看出,此类油溶性离子液体在不同极性的溶剂和润滑基础油中均表现出优异的溶解性。
表1部分油溶性离子液体溶解性
实施例7
为了进一步理解所制备油溶性离子液体的相关性能,选择部分离子液体,测定了相关物理化学参数,如黏度,黏度指数和热分解温度被测定。所有的数据被总结在下表2中 。
表2 Gemini型油溶性离子液(NP系列)的运动黏度、黏度指数、热分解温度(PAO10作为对照)
实施例8
使用STA 449 F3TGA-DSC(NETZSCH)同步热分析仪对它们的热稳定性进行了分析,试验条件为:氮气气氛,升温速率10 摄氏度/min,升温区间25~500 摄氏度;测定PAO 10和添加NP-16-2-16、P8-P888-2-P888的PAO 10组合物的热稳定性,结果如下表3所述。从表3中给出的结果可以明显到,合成的油溶性离子液体作为PAO10的添加剂具有较高的热稳定性。
表3 NP-16-2-16、P8-P888-2-P888作为PAO 10添加剂的热稳定性(以添加1% T204、T306为对照)
实施例9
利用德国Optimol油脂公司生产的SRV-V微振动摩擦磨损试验机评价了Gemini油溶性液离子液体润滑剂和添加NP-16-2-16、P8-P888-2-P888的PAO 10润滑剂组合物的摩擦磨损性能。
表4 是油溶性离子液体和PAO 10作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷300牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度25摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为钢块。实验结果表明与PAO 10相比,油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有了极大的提高。
表4 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂25 摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10作为对照
表5 是油溶性离子液体和PAO 10作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷选用载荷300牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度100摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为钢块。实验结果表明与PAO 10相比,油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有极大的提高。
表5 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂100 摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10作为对照
表6 NP-16-2-16、P8-P888-2-P888作为PAO 10添加剂对钢的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷选用载荷300牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度25摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为钢块。实验结果表明与PAO 10和市售的添加剂(T 204、T 306)相比,添加NP-16-2-16的PAO 10的减摩抗磨性能都有了极大的提高。
表6 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂25 摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,
表7 NP-16-2-16、P8-P888-2-P888作为PAO 10添加剂对钢的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷选用载荷300牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度100摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,,下试样为钢块。实验结果表明,尤其是在高温条件下与PAO10相比,添加NP-16-2-16的PAO 10的减摩抗磨性能都有了明显的提高。
表7 PAO 10和添加Gemini油溶性离子液的PAO 10作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂100摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积
表8 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10作为钢/铜摩擦副室温润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度25摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为铜块。实验结果表明与PAO 10和L-P104相比,油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有了极大的提高。
表8 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂25摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO10和L-P104作为对照
表9 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10、L-P104作为钢/铜摩擦副高温润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度100摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为铜块。实验结果表明与PAO 10和L-P104相比,油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有了极大的提高。
表9 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂100摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10作为对照
表10 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10、L-P104作为钢/TC4钛摩擦副室温润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度25摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为TC4钛。实验结果表明与PAO 10和L-P104相比,油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有了显著的提高。
表10 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/TC4钛摩擦副润滑剂25摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10和L-P104作为对照
表11 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10、L-P104作为钢/TC4钛摩擦副高温润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度100摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为TC4钛合金。实验结果表明与PAO 10和L-P104相比,油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有了显著的提高。
表11 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/TC4钛摩擦副润滑剂100摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10和L-P104作为对照
表12 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10、L-P104作为钢/2024铝合金摩擦副室温润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度25摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为2024铝合金。实验结果表明与PAO 10和L-P104比,Gemini油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有了显著的提高。
表12 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/2024铝摩擦副润滑剂25摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10和L-P104作为对照
表13 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10、L-P104作为钢/2024铝高温摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度100摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为2024铝合金。实验结果表明与PAO10和L-P104比,Gemini油溶性离子液体的减摩抗磨性能都有显著的提高。
表13 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/2024铝摩擦副100摄氏度润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10和L-P104作为对照
表14 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10作为钢/镁室温摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度25摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为镁合金。实验结果表明与PAO 10和比,Gemini油溶性离子液体的减摩减少了50%,抗磨性能差不多,和L-P104相比,抗磨和减摩都减少了50%。
表14 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/镁摩擦副润滑剂25摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10和L-P104作为对照
表15 是Gemini油溶性离子液体和PAO 10作为钢/镁高温摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦系数和磨损体积数据,选用载荷100牛,频率25赫兹,振幅1毫米,实验时间30分钟,温度100摄氏度,实验上试球为直径为10毫米钢球,下试样为镁合金。实验结果表明与PAO 10和L-P104相比,Gemini油溶性离子液体的减摩性能都有了提高。
表15 Gemini油溶性离子液作为钢/镁摩擦副润滑剂100摄氏度的平均摩擦系数和平均磨损体积,以PAO 10和L-P104作为对照
Claims (6)
1.Gemini型油溶性离子液体,其特征在于该离子液体的通式如下:
,
式中X代表N原子或P原子,R、R1分别独立选自C1-C18的烷基;R2为丁基或者异辛基;n为2-18的整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的离子液体,其特征在于所述R、R1分别独立选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、辛基、异辛基、癸基、异癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基中的任意一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述Gemini型油溶性离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
X为P原子的制备方法:三烷基膦和二溴代烷于惰性气体保护下以乙腈为溶剂,加热回流反应12-24个小时,冷却至室温,旋除溶剂,用石油醚洗涤,干燥后得到Gemini离子液体的二溴化合物;之后加入DEHPANa或者DBPNa,乙腈作溶剂60-90摄氏度搅拌反应12-24小时,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,油状物用二氯甲烷溶解,多次水洗除去未反应的DEHPANa或DBPNa,之后干燥有机相,减压蒸出溶剂得到淡黄色液体,即为Gemini型油溶性离子液体;
X为N原子的制备方法:烷基二胺和溴代烷于惰性气体保护下以乙腈为溶剂,加热回流反应12-24个小时,冷却至室温析出白色粉末,减压过滤,用石油醚洗涤白色粉末,干燥后得到Gemini离子液体的二溴化合物;之后加入DEHPANa或者DBPNa,乙腈作溶剂60-90摄氏度下搅拌反应12-24小时,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,油状物用二氯甲烷溶解,多次水洗除去未反应的DEHPANa或DBPNa,之后干燥有机相,减压蒸出溶剂得到淡黄色液体,即为Gemini型油溶性离子液体。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述三烷基膦、二溴代烷与二异辛基磷酸酯钠或二丁基磷酸酯钠的摩尔比为2:1:2。
5.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述烷基二胺、溴代烷与二异辛基磷酸酯钠或二丁基磷酸酯钠的摩尔比为1:2:2。
6.如权利要求1或2所述Gemini型油溶性离子液体作为润滑剂或者基础油的添加剂的应用。
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