CN108859970A - 车辆外后视镜定位方法及总成 - Google Patents

车辆外后视镜定位方法及总成 Download PDF

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CN108859970A
CN108859970A CN201810289132.9A CN201810289132A CN108859970A CN 108859970 A CN108859970 A CN 108859970A CN 201810289132 A CN201810289132 A CN 201810289132A CN 108859970 A CN108859970 A CN 108859970A
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view mirror
outside rear
vehicle
outside
mirror
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艾德·M·杜达尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R1/12—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
    • B60R2001/1223—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks with sensors or transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

一种示例性后视镜定位方法包括响应于车辆乘客舱外移动的物体的检测而使至少一个外后视镜的反射部分向外和向下倾斜。倾斜与物体的位置无关。另一示例性后视镜定位方法包括响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使至少一个外后视镜的反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。一种示例性后视镜定位总成包括监视控制器和外后视镜，该外后视镜具有配置成响应于来自监视控制器的指令而自动向外和向下倾斜的反射部分。指令响应于车辆乘客舱外移动的物体的检测而发出，倾斜与物体的位置无关。

Description

车辆外后视镜定位方法及总成
技术领域
本公开总体涉及定位车辆的外后视镜(side mirror)。具体地，本公开涉及自动定位外后视镜以扩大车辆乘员的视野。
背景技术
车辆通常包括外后视镜以帮助乘客舱内的乘员看到车辆后方和侧面的区域。外后视镜通常可以调节，并且许多外后视镜可以垂直和水平倾斜。例如，乘员可以启动开关来使外后视镜倾斜。
一些车辆的外后视镜在车辆停放时向内朝向乘客舱折叠。这有助于保护外后视镜。例如，如果后视镜没有向内折叠，过往汽车可能会撞上停放车辆的外后视镜并将其损坏。
乘客舱内的乘员想要在车辆停放时看到车辆后方和侧面的区域。例如，执法车辆的乘客舱内的警察想要看到这些区域，以防止有人在没有被警察发现的情况下移向执法车辆。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个示例性方面，一种后视镜定位方法除了其它方面以外包括：响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使外后视镜的反射部分向外和向下倾斜。该倾斜与物体的位置无关。
根据本发明，提供一种后视镜定位方法，包含：响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使至少一个外后视镜的反射部分向外和向下倾斜，所述倾斜与所述物体的位置无关。
在上述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，倾斜自动发生。
在上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，倾斜包括使反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。
上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例包括响应于检测而自动将外后视镜从折叠位置展开至展开位置。
上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例包括响应于检测而自动使外后视镜延伸。
上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例包括响应于检测而自动提供来自相机的图像。
在上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，相机至少部分地容纳于外后视镜内。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述相机至少部分地容纳于所述至少一个外后视镜内。
在上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，至少一个外后视镜为驾驶员侧外后视镜。
在上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，至少一个外后视镜包括驾驶员侧外后视镜和乘客侧外后视镜两者。
在上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，车辆在定位期间为驻车状态。
在上述任一方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，车辆为执法车辆。
根据本公开的另一示例性方面，一种后视镜定位方法包括：响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使外后视镜的反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。
根据本发明，提供一种后视镜定位方法，包含：响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使至少一个外后视镜的反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。
在上述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，倾斜与物体的位置无关。
根据本公开的又一示例性方面，一种后视镜定位总成除了其它方面以外包括：监视控制器和外后视镜，该外后视镜具有配置成响应于来自监视控制器的指令而自动向外和向下倾斜的反射部分。该指令响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而发出。该倾斜与物体的位置无关。
在上述总成的进一步非限制性实施例中，外后视镜为驾驶员侧外后视镜。
在上述任一总成的进一步非限制性实施例中，外后视镜响应于指令而移动至完全向外和完全向下的位置。
上述任一总成的进一步非限制性实施例包括配置为检测物体的传感器。
在上述任一总成的进一步非限制性实施例中，传感器包括相机。
在上述任一总成的进一步非限制性实施例中，传感器包括雷达传感器。
附图说明
根据详细描述，本公开的各种特征和优点对本领域的技术人员来说将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简单描述如下：
图1示出了车辆外后视镜位于折叠位置的停放的车辆的俯视图；
图2示出了定位图1的车辆外后视镜的示例性方法的步骤；
图3示出了外后视镜位于展开位置的图1的车辆；
图4示出了图3的车辆驾驶员侧的外后视镜的近视图；
图5示出了沿图4中的线5-5截取的截面图；
图6示出了沿图4中的线6-6截取的截面图；
图7示出了处于缩回位置的根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的后视镜；
图8示出了处于延伸位置的图7的外后视镜；
图9示出了根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的外后视镜。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及自动定位车辆的外后视镜。该定位可以是对传感器检测到在车辆附近移动的物体——特别是外后视镜后方的物体——做出的响应。该定位尤其适用于执法车辆，如果在执法车辆附近检测到移动的物体，则乘客舱内的乘员希望迅速查看他们的周围。
参照图1，示例性车辆10包括外后视镜14和外后视镜18。外后视镜14位于车辆10的驾驶员侧。外后视镜18位于车辆10的乘客侧。
车辆10内有人并且沿例如道路一侧停放。换档机构处于驻车状态，并且车辆10可以是点火开关断开(key off)、点火开关接通(key on)、处于配件钥匙模式(accessory keymode)等。外后视镜14、18因车辆10处于停放状态而向内折叠。折叠外后视镜14、18降低了外后视镜14、18被过往汽车碰撞的可能性。
在该示例性非限制性实施例中，车辆10为执法车辆——例如警察拦截机(PoliceInterceptor)，并且车辆10的乘客舱由执法警察乘坐。
车辆10包括后视相机22和雷达传感器26，后视相机22和雷达传感器26可操作地连接至监视控制器34。后视相机22和雷达传感器26用作传感器以帮助识别车辆10周围的物体——包括移动和静止的物体。在一些示例中，后视相机22捕获显示于车辆10的乘客舱内的屏幕上的图像。在一些示例中，雷达传感器是盲点信息系统(BLIS)的一部分。监视控制器34可以使用来自相机22、雷达传感器26或两者的信息来检测在车辆附近移动的物体，例如人38。还可以使用包括声纳、激光雷达(LiDAR)等在内的其它传感器。
车辆10的乘员——这里是执法人员——通常面向前方，并且人38在车辆10后方位于乘员的视野之外。因此，乘员需要转身观察人38，或者使用后视镜观察人38的影像。
监视控制器34可以执行连续解释来自相机22和雷达传感器26的信息以检测何时有物体在车辆附近移动的程序。本领域技术人员以及本公开的受益人应当理解如何使用后视相机22和监视控制器34、或者雷达传感器26和监视控制器34来检测在车辆10附近移动的物体。当然，监视控制器34可以代替相机22和雷达传感器26响应来自其它来源的信息，或者除了相机22和雷达传感器26之外还可以使用监视控制器34响应来自其它来源的信息，并使用来自其它来源的信息检测在车辆10附近移动的物体。
如果监视控制器34检测到在车辆10附近移动的物体——尤其是在乘员视野外移动的物体，则监视控制器34可以自动发起动作以向乘员提供关于物体的信息。
参照图2，在该示例性实施例中，示例性监视控制器34响应于从相机22、雷达传感器26或两者收集的信息自动执行后视镜定位方法50。例如，乘员可以通过启动开关或与人机界面交互来开始方法50。
后视镜定位方法50通常包括第一步骤54，其中外后视镜定位方法50识别出已经检测到在车辆10附近和在乘员视野外移动的物体。方法50在步骤54内循环，直至检测到在车辆10附近移动的物体。
接下来，在步骤58，方法50将外后视镜14、18从图1的折叠位置展开至图3的展开位置。展开外后视镜14、18为车辆10的乘客舱内的乘员提供外后视镜14、18后方区域的反射视图。
现在参考图4-6来继续参照图2-3，方法50在步骤62使用致动器70使外后视镜14的反射部分74在方向DO上完全向外并且在方向DD上完全向下倾斜。通常，致动器70操纵保持于外后视镜14的壳体78内的反射部分74。致动器70响应于来自监视控制器34的指令而定位反射部分74。
相应的致动器被保持在外后视镜18内。外后视镜18内的致动器可响应于来自监视控制器34的指令而使外后视镜18的反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。
部分或全部倾斜可以由于外后视镜14、18为非展开而发生，以减少倾斜和折叠所需的时间。作为选择地，倾斜可能在外后视镜14、18展开之后发生。
完全向外倾斜外后视镜14、18确保从外后视镜14反射至乘员的水平视野尽可能远离车辆10向外延伸，以及从外后视镜18反射至乘员的水平视野尽可能远离车辆10向外延伸。因此，从外后视镜14、18反射至乘员的水平视野的端点有效地尽可能向外扩展。这允许乘员观察最有可能包括对车辆10的乘员构成威胁的物体的区域。
也就是说，如果人38想要伤害车辆10的乘员，则人38将不可能在靠近车辆10的中线附近(靠近相机22)处接近车辆10。相反，人38将尝试接近车辆10的车门。将外后视镜14的反射部分完全向外侧倾斜将捕获接近车门的人38的大部分动作。如果外后视镜14改为向内侧倾斜，则车辆10外侧的一些区域不会反射至乘员。
如果人38改为靠近相机22，则相机22可以在车辆10内的显示器上显示人38的图像。例如，相机22可以在车辆10内的人机界面上显示人38的LiDAR图像。另外，雷达传感器26可以检测相机22附近的人。外后视镜14的反射部分74完全向外(和向下)倾斜向乘员显示了相机22——以及有可能是雷达传感器26——触及不到的区域。
将外后视镜14、18完全向下倾斜确保了从外后视镜14、18反射至乘员的垂直视野集中于最有可能对乘员构成威胁的区域上。例如，如果人38在地面上爬行以企图接近车辆10而未被乘员检测到，则完全向下倾斜外后视镜14、18将有效地使乘员可见的地面最大化。因此，乘客能够观察到最有可能包括可能对车辆10的乘员造成威胁的物体(例如人38)的区域。向下倾斜还可以显示物体相对无害，例如物体是松鼠或球。
众所周知的是，一些执法车辆在停放时可以选择性地进入监视模式。监视模式响应于例如在执法车辆后方检测到的运动而自动启动警报、卷起车窗并锁定车门。监视模式保护执法车辆的乘员。乘员可以通过例如致动开关或与人机界面交互来选择性地进入或退出监视模式。
方法50可以并入这种监视模式中。也就是说，在车辆10处于停放状态并且车辆10内有人，以及检测到物体在车辆10附近移动的时候。在该示例中，监视控制器34自动启动警报、卷起车窗、并执行外后视镜定位方法50。
修改的监视模式警告乘员移动的物体、(通过卷起车窗)提供一些保护、并且为乘员提供车辆10周围的扩大的视野。然后，乘员可以扫视车辆10的周围区域以确定在车辆10附近移动的物体是否对乘员构成威胁。
通过将外后视镜14的反射部分74完全向外和向下移动，并且相应地移动外后视镜18的镜像部分，车辆后方的视野对于警察而言有效地最大化。也就是说，目视范围被最大化。
利用最大化的视野，警察可以快速确定是否有入侵者从车辆10后方接近车辆10，或者移动的物体是否是入侵者以外的东西。
方法50响应于移动的物体的检测而自动执行。方法50可以在存储于监视控制器34内的处理器上执行。应当理解的是，监视控制器34可以是整个车辆控制模块——例如车辆系统控制器(VSC)——的一部分，或者作为选择地，可以是与VSC分离的独立控制器。
监视控制器34可以用可执行指令来编程，用于连接并操作车辆10的各种部件。各种程序可以存储于监视控制器34的存储器部分内并且在监视控制器34的处理单元上执行。换言之，监视控制器34可以包括用于执行车辆系统的各种控制策略和模式的非暂时性存储器和处理单元。
在该示例中，外后视镜14、18都响应于来自监视控制器34的指令而展开，然后向外和向下倾斜。在其它示例中，仅外后视镜14或仅外后视镜18自动展开并向外和向下倾斜。例如，如果检测到物体向车辆10的驾驶员侧移动，则外后视镜14——而不是两个外后视镜14、18——可以展开并向外和向下倾斜。
一旦车辆10需要被驱动，方法50可以自动停止或响应于来自乘员例如通过开关或者通过与人机界面交互的指令而停止。当方法50停止时，外后视镜可以自动调节到适合于驱动车辆10的位置。
参照图7和图8，另一个示例性实施例可以包括车辆10a的外后视镜14a。外后视镜14a响应于在车辆后方检测到的移动的物体而自动地从缩回位置(图7)移动到延伸位置(图8)。另外，图7和8的后视镜可以在延伸之前、在延伸的同时或延伸之后展开至展开位置。此外，图7和8中的外后视镜的反射部分74a响应于移动的物体的检测而自动倾斜至完全向外和完全向下的位置。结合外后视镜14a使用的后视镜定位方法可以包括使外后视镜14a延伸的步骤。
参照图9，又一示例性实施例可以包括车辆10b的外后视镜14b。外后视镜14b包括反射部分74b和相机80。相机80可以选择性地提供车辆10b的驾驶员侧周围区域的图像。乘员在反射部分74b可能不会看到这些区域。
结合外后视镜14b使用的后视镜定位方法可以包括激活相机80并且在车辆的乘客舱内的显示器上显示由相机80捕获的图像的步骤。例如，相机80可以在车辆内的人机界面上显示LiDAR图像。
公开的示例的特征包括自动为车辆的乘员提供车辆周围区域的视图。有效最大化的视野可以为乘员提供信息，这可以提高乘员的安全性。该方法特别适用于执法活动中使用的车辆，其中快速识别车辆后方的物体相对而言非常重要。
当车辆静止时——即停放时，外后视镜不需要关注于观察高空物体或靠近车辆侧面的物体。因此，外后视镜可以设置成使乘员的目视范围最大化。
以上描述本质上是示例性的而并非限制性的。在不偏离本公开本质的情况下，对于所公开的示例的变化和修改对于本领域技术人员而言可能变得显而易见。因此，应当通过研究下面的权利要求书来确定本发明的法律保护范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种后视镜定位方法，包含：
响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使至少一个外后视镜的反射部分向外和向下倾斜，所述倾斜与所述物体的位置无关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，其中所述倾斜自动发生。
3.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，其中所述倾斜包含使所述反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，进一步包含响应于所述检测而自动将所述外后视镜从折叠位置展开至展开位置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，进一步包含响应于所述检测而自动使所述外后视镜延伸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，进一步包含响应于所述检测而自动提供来自相机的图像，并且作为选择地，其中所述相机至少部分地容纳于所述至少一个外后视镜内。
7.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，其中所述至少一个外后视镜为驾驶员侧外后视镜，或者所述至少一个外后视镜为驾驶员侧外后视镜和乘客侧外后视镜两者。
8.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，其中所述车辆在定位期间为驻车状态。
9.根据权利要求1所述的后视镜定位方法，其中所述车辆为执法车辆。
10.一种后视镜定位方法，包含：
响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而使至少一个外后视镜的反射部分完全向外和完全向下倾斜。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述倾斜与所述物体的位置无关。
12.一种后视镜定位总成，包含：
监视控制器；以及
外后视镜，所述外后视镜具有配置成响应于来自所述监视控制器的指令而自动向外和向下倾斜的反射部分，所述指令响应于车辆乘客舱外侧移动的物体的检测而发出，所述倾斜与所述物体的位置无关。
13.根据权利要求12所述的后视镜定位总成，其中所述外后视镜为驾驶员侧外后视镜。
14.根据权利要求12所述的后视镜定位总成，其中所述外后视镜响应于所述指令而移动至完全向外和完全向下的位置。
15.根据权利要求12所述的后视镜定位总成，进一步包含配置为检测所述物体的传感器，并且作为选择地，其中所述传感器为相机或雷达传感器。
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