CN108840611B - 一种镁水泥用耐水涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种镁水泥用耐水涂料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
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- KAKVFSYQVNHFBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1CCC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KAKVFSYQVNHFBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- IQYKECCCHDLEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].ClOCl IQYKECCCHDLEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxathietane 4,4-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OOO1 CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- DTMAGANCKSILEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Na+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[K+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound [Na+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[K+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-] DTMAGANCKSILEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ODBOHXZOCLCQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Na+].[K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ODBOHXZOCLCQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPWUNXGJSBIRME-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium;sodium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPWUNXGJSBIRME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045870 sodium palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种镁水泥耐水涂料,其由经过长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂修饰的层状双金属氢氧化物和经过长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂表面修饰的凹凸棒土混合制备而成,所述修饰后的层状双金属氢氧化物和凹凸棒土均带正电荷。该无机水性涂料,通过在水溶液中制备掺杂有颗粒状产物的非纯相LDH,控制片状及棒状物质表面具有疏水性,所得浆料的固含量,从而保证了浆料能够与镁水泥界面紧密结合且具有高疏水性能,镁水泥中氯离子迁移到表面也能够被LDH捕捉,涂层仍然能够紧密附着在镁水泥表面上。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于无机非金属材料制备技术领域,涉及一种镁水泥用耐水涂料及其制备方法,特别是一种具有颗粒-片-棒状复合表面结构的水性无机涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术:
氯氧镁水泥是一种特殊品种的水泥,其水化机理、物理力学性能与普通的硅酸盐水泥有很大差别。镁水泥是气硬性胶凝材料,硬化速率快;具有高强度,以轻烧镁粉为胶结剂的镁水泥,其抗压强度可达140MPa左右;镁水泥对玻璃纤维和植物纤维的腐蚀性很小,将玻璃纤维和植物纤维掺加到镁水泥中制成了保温墙板和无机玻璃钢;镁水泥同时具备耐高温、耐低温的特性,这一特性使保温砂浆在施工和应用中更具优势;由于氯化镁可以作为抗冻剂,镁水泥以氯化镁为调和剂,所以其本身就具有优异的耐低温特性,在低温下也能照常生产;轻烧粉的主要成分MgO可耐火2800℃,镁水泥建材制品已被广泛用于生产防火板。镁水泥主要有氯氧镁水泥、硫氧镁水泥、磷氧镁水泥。其中氯氧镁水泥(MOC)是目前应用最广的一种,其主要原料是活性氧化镁和氯化镁,水化产物主要为5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O(5·1·8相或5相)和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O(3·1·8相或3相)的胶体微粒。但由于5·1·8相和3·1·8相的不稳定性,硬化后的镁水泥浸水后5·1·8相和3·1·8相会发生水解,随浸水时间延长不断转变成Mg(OH)2相,使原本堆积紧密的结构逐渐转变为松散层状晶体结构,从而失去其强度。
目前使镁水泥有效耐水的方法主要有:(1)合理的原料配比、成型和养护。采用活性中等的MgO原料,MgO含量大于60%;采用较高的MgO/MgCl2和较低的H2O/MgCl2摩尔比,其中MgO/MgCl2>6,一般在9左右,建议H2O/MgCl2在14-19(对应的MgCl2质量分数为:21.7%-27.4%)之间。这是目前国内外企业界普遍认可并应用的配料原则,保证了产品质量的稳定。合适养护温度为18-25℃、相对湿度为60%-70%。(2)提高耐水性。耐水性的提高可通过两方面来实现,一是添加外加剂。研究发现,掺入有机改性剂、无机改性剂和矿物改性剂及有机-无机-矿物组成的复合外加剂,可从不同角度提高镁水泥的耐水强度。提高耐水性的另一方法是对水泥制件进行后处理。比较有效的制件后处理方法主要有浸渍和表面涂覆。浸渍液浸入MOC材料的毛细孔中,固化后堵塞材料内部孔隙,同时改善表面性质。表面涂覆在脱模后的MOC表面涂刷一层防水物质,目前主要是在MOC表面涂覆MOC表面专用胶、聚酯树脂层、硬脂酸盐溶液和改性石蜡溶液等。其主要原理是利用有机物的疏水界面使水泥与水隔绝,但镁水泥是一种无机物,并且其制品表面并非洁净,在涂覆有机涂料时很难将其与水泥表面紧密结合;另外,镁水泥在制备过程中由于存在游离的氯离子,其容易迁移的界面上与阳离子结合形成晶体,从而破坏涂覆的有机膜。发明人前期采用表面活性剂对微通道反应器制备的双金属氢氧化物进行表面修饰,得到一种水性涂料(专利号CN2012105566079)。其虽然具有疏水性能,但该水性涂料直接涂覆在MOC水泥墙表面,接触角在80-90°,疏水性能还有待提高,此外,采用微通道反应器制备增加企业生产成本,产品难以推广。因此,寻求设计一种与水泥界面紧密结合、能够捕捉从水泥内部迁移出的氯离子的无机耐水涂料很有应用前景,此方法在现有文献中尚未见报道。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,寻求设计具有颗粒-纳米片-棒状复合表面结构且疏水性能高的无机水性涂料,解决了现有技术中含有层状双金属氢氧化物的水性涂料成本高,用于MOC水泥墙表面的疏水性能有待提高的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明涉及的镁水泥耐水涂料,由经过长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂修饰的层状双金属氢氧化物和经过长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂表面修饰的凹凸棒土混合制备而成,所述修饰后的层状双金属氢氧化物和凹凸棒土均带正电荷。
本发明涉及的镁水泥耐水涂料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备层状双金属氢氧化物沉淀物;
(2)、将20g层状双金属氢氧化物沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,然后分散于20ml,0.005-0.1mol/l的长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂溶液中,得到均一分散液;
(3)、将1-2g凹凸棒土超声分散于5ml,10-20mmol长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂溶液中,超声分散均匀;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)中得到的产物混合搅拌均匀,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料。
进一步地,步骤(1)中层状双金属氢氧化物采用传统共沉淀法制备或者微通道反应器制备,优选传统共沉淀法。
进一步地,步骤(2)的反应时间为30-50℃,反应时间为0.5-2小时,步骤(3)超声分散时间为5-15min,温度为25-35℃。
进一步地,所述层状双金属氢氧化物沉淀物的通式为[M2+ 1-x M3+ x(OH)2]x+(An-)x/n·yH2O,其中M2+为二价金属离子Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+中的任何一种或两种;M3+为Al3+或Fe3 +;An-为NO3 -、CO3 2-或Cl-中的任何一种;0.17≤x≤0.35;0≤y≤2。
进一步地,所述长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂为Cn-1H2n-1XOO-M+,n=11-22,X代表化学元素C、S、P,M+代表一价金属离子K+、Na+,具体为:月桂酸钠(钾)、硬脂酸钠(钾)、软脂酸钠(钾)。
进一步地,所述长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂为十二烷基三甲基溴化铵或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
本发明制备的无机水性涂料,通过在水溶液中制备掺杂有颗粒状产物的非纯相LDH,控制片状及棒状物质表面具有疏水性,所得浆料的固含量,从而保证了浆料能够与镁水泥界面紧密结合且具有高疏水性能,镁水泥中氯离子迁移到表面也能够被LDH捕捉,涂层仍然能够紧密附着在镁水泥表面上。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:水性涂料由颗粒、纳米片和微米棒状物质构成,纳米片由具有片状结构的层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)提供,颗粒是通过控制LDH的制备条件,使产物中掺杂颗粒状物质,棒状则由凹凸棒土提供,且涂覆在镁水泥上干燥后,纳米片与棒站立在水泥表面上,构成一种微-纳结构,形成粗糙的表面,又由于纳米片与微米棒表面均用表面活性剂修饰,所以此方法制备的涂料具有高疏水性能;(2)分别采用表面活性剂修饰凹凸棒土和双金属氢氧化物,不但提高了凹凸棒土和双金属氢氧化物的疏水性,同时通过调整各组分的含量,避免凹凸棒土和双金属氢氧化物混合过程中发生团聚;(3)制备过程中所用的唯一溶剂为水,环境友好。
附图说明:
图1为本发明实施例1涉及的LDH的TEM照片。
图2为本发明实施例2涉及的LDH的TEM照片。
图3为本发明实施例3涉及的LDH的TEM照片。
图4为本发明实施例4涉及的LDH的SEM照片。
图5为本发明实施例5涉及的LDH的SEM照片。
具体实施方式:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1:
本实施例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Zn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为0.2mol/l的混合盐溶液;Zn与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml质量浓度为7%的氨水溶液;
(2)、利用传统共沉淀方法将氨水溶液滴入混合盐溶液中,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为25℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为20mmol/l的月桂酸钾溶液中;在30℃下反应2小时;
(4)、取1.0g凹凸棒土超声分散在5ml浓度为10mmol的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,超声分散时间为10min,温度为30℃;
(5)、将步骤(3)和(4)中得到的产物混合搅拌2h,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料;
(6)、将其涂覆与镁水泥制件表面,室温自然干燥一天,测其水接触角。
图1是实施例1所得LDH的TEM图,由图可见,产物中除了150-200nm的纳米片,还有大量只有几个纳米的微小颗粒。采用JC2000CD接触角测定仪对所得疏水LDHs表面涂层与水的接触角进行测量,同一样品表面测量五次后取平均值后作为最后的接触角的测量值;利用实施例1所制备水性镁水泥涂料得到的涂层所测水接触角为126°±3°。
实施例2:
本实施例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Zn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为0.5mol/l的混合盐溶液;Zn与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml质量浓度为7%的氨水溶液;
(2)、利用传统共沉淀方法将氨水溶液滴入混合盐溶液中,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为25℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为0.1mol/l的月桂酸钾溶液中;在30℃下反应2小时;
(4)、取1.5g凹凸棒土超声分散在5ml浓度为15mmol的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,超声分散时间为10min,温度为30℃;
(5)、将步骤(3)和(4)中得到的产物混合搅拌2h,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料;
(6)、将其涂覆与镁水泥制件表面,室温自然干燥一天,测其水接触角。
图2是实施例2所得LDH的TEM图,由图可见,产物中除了150-300nm的纳米片,还有部分只有几个纳米的微小颗粒。采用JC2000CD接触角测定仪对所得疏水LDHs表面涂层与水的接触角进行测量,同一样品表面测量五次后取平均值后作为最后的接触角的测量值;利用实施例2所制备水性镁水泥涂料得到的涂层所测水接触角为102°±2°。
实施例3:
本实施例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Zn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为1.0mol/l的混合盐溶液;Zn与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml质量浓度为7%的氨水溶液;
(2)、利用传统共沉淀方法将氨水溶液滴入混合盐溶液中,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为25℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为10mmol/l的月桂酸钾溶液中;在30℃下反应2小时;
(4)、取1.2g凹凸棒土超声分散在5ml浓度为5mmol的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,超声分散时间为10min,温度为30℃;
(5)、将步骤(3)和(4)中得到的产物混合搅拌2h,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料;
(6)、将其涂覆与镁水泥制件表面,室温自然干燥一天,测其水接触角。
图3是实施例3所得LDH的TEM图,由图可见,产物中除了100-400nm的纳米片,还有少量只有几个纳米的微小颗粒。采用JC2000CD接触角测定仪对所得疏水LDHs表面涂层与水的接触角进行测量,同一样品表面测量五次后取平均值后作为最后的接触角的测量值;利用实施例3所制备水性镁水泥涂料得到的涂层所测水接触角为97°±2°。
实施例4:
本实施例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Ca(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为1mol/l的混合盐溶液;Ca与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml浓度为0.1mol/l的氢氧化钠溶液;
(2)、利用传统共沉淀方法将氢氧化钠水溶液滴入混合盐溶液中,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为40℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为5mmol/l的硬脂酸钠(C18H35COONa)溶液中;在30℃下反应2小时;
(4)、取2g凹凸棒土超声分散在5ml浓度为20mmol的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,超声分散时间为10min,温度为30℃;
(5)、将步骤(3)和(4)中得到的产物混合搅拌2h,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料;
(6)、将其涂覆与镁水泥制件表面,室温自然干燥一天,测其水接触角。
图3是实施例4所得LDH的TEM图,由图可见,产物中除了800-900nm的片,片上还附着少量颗粒。采用JC2000CD接触角测定仪对所得疏水LDHs表面涂层与水的接触角进行测量,同一样品表面测量五次后取平均值后作为最后的接触角的测量值;利用实施例3所制备水性镁水泥涂料得到的涂层所测水接触角为96°±2°。
实施例5:
本实施例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Ca(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为1mol/l的混合盐溶液;Ca与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml浓度为0.05mol/l的氢氧化钠溶液;
(2)、采用微反应器将混合盐溶液和氢氧化钠水溶液混合,反应器为T型,反应物溶液流速为20ml/min,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为30℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为10mmol/l的软脂酸钠(C16H31COOK)溶液中;在30℃下反应2小时;
(4)、取1.5g凹凸棒土超声分散在5ml浓度为10mmol的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,超声分散时间为10min,温度为30℃;
(5)、将步骤(3)和(4)中得到的产物混合搅拌2h,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料;
(6)、将其涂覆与镁水泥制件表面,室温自然干燥一天,测其水接触角。
图5是实施例5所得LDH的SEM图,由图可见,产物为蜂窝状,由尺寸为500nm左右的片组成。采用JC2000CD接触角测定仪对所得疏水LDHs表面涂层与水的接触角进行测量,同一样品表面测量五次后取平均值后作为最后的接触角的测量值;利用实施例5所制备水性镁水泥涂料得到的涂层所测水接触角为139°±2°。
实施例6:
本实施例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Zn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为0.2mol/l的混合盐溶液;Zn与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml质量浓度为7%的氨水溶液;
(2)、利用传统共沉淀方法将氨水溶液滴入混合盐溶液中,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为25℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为20mmol/l的月桂酸钾溶液中;在50℃下反应0.5小时;
(4)、取1.0g凹凸棒土超声分散在5ml浓度为10mmol的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,超声分散时间为5min,温度为35℃;
(5)、将步骤(3)和(4)中得到的产物混合搅拌2h,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料
对比例1:
本对比例的具体工艺步骤为:
(1)、将Zn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3溶解于50ml去离子水中配制成金属离子总浓度为0.5mol/l的混合盐溶液;Zn与Al的物质的量之比为2:1;配制50ml质量浓度为7%的氨水溶液;
(2)、利用传统共沉淀方法将氨水溶液滴入混合盐溶液中,充分搅拌30min;反应温度为25℃;
(3)、将制备好的沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,取20g离心后的产物分散在20ml浓度为0.1mol/l的月桂酸钾溶液中;在30℃下反应2小时;
(4)、将所得浆料涂覆与镁水泥制件表面,室温自然干燥一天,测其水接触角。
采用JC2000CD接触角测定仪对所得疏水LDHs表面涂层与水的接触角进行测量,同一样品表面测量五次后取平均值后作为最后的接触角的测量值;利用对比所制备水性镁水泥涂料得到的涂层所测水接触角为81°±2°。
Claims (4)
1.一种镁水泥耐水涂料,其特征在于,由经过长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂修饰的层状双金属氢氧化物和经过长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂表面修饰的凹凸棒土混合制备而成,所述修饰后的层状双金属氢氧化物和凹凸棒土均带正电荷,所述长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂为Cn-1H2n-1XOO-M+,n=11-22,X代表化学元素C,M+代表一价金属离子K+、Na+,所述长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂为十二烷基三甲基溴化铵或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;
所述的镁水泥耐水涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)、制备层状双金属氢氧化物沉淀物;
(2)、将20g层状双金属氢氧化物沉淀物用去离子水充分洗涤,然后分散于20ml,0.005-0.1mol/l的长烷基链阴离子表面活性剂溶液中,得到均一分散液;
(3)、将1-2g凹凸棒土超声分散于5ml,10-20mmol长烷基链阳离子表面活性剂溶液中,超声分散均匀;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)中得到的产物混合搅拌均匀,所得浆料即为无机镁水泥耐水涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镁水泥耐水涂料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中层状双金属氢氧化物采用传统共沉淀法制备或者微通道反应器制备。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的镁水泥耐水涂料,其特征在于,步骤(2)的反应温度为30-50℃,反应时间为0.5-2小时,步骤(3)超声分散时间为5-15 min,温度为25-35oC。
4.根据权利要求3所述的镁水泥耐水涂料,其特征在于,所述层状双金属氢氧化物沉淀物的通式为[M2+ 1-x M3+ x(OH)2]x+(An-)x/n·yH2O,其中M2+为二价金属离子Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+中的任何一种或两种;M3+为Al3+或Fe3+;An-为NO3 -、CO3 2- 或Cl-中的任何一种;0.17≤x≤0.35;0≤y≤2。
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