CN108835502B - Fresh cordyceps sinensis product and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fresh cordyceps sinensis product and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fresh cordyceps sinensis product and a preparation method thereof. The fresh cordyceps sinensis product comprises: honey; and fresh cordyceps sinensis, said fresh cordyceps sinensis comprising: a housing; and the base member, the cladding of base member surface has the casing, honey infiltration in the base member, form with the honey permeable formation of casing contact, wherein, the thickness of honey permeable formation is 20 ~ 40% of base member cross section radius. The fresh cordyceps sinensis product has a good fresh-keeping effect, can retain the original nutritional ingredients and forms of the fresh cordyceps sinensis to the greatest extent, and has long shelf life and good taste. In addition, the method for preparing the fresh cordyceps sinensis product does not need to carry out freezing treatment, has simple process and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preservation. Specifically, the invention relates to a fresh cordyceps sinensis product and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The protein, nucleoside, sterol, polysaccharide and other substances in Cordyceps sinensis are effective components with important health promotion and pharmacological effects. The fresher the cordyceps sinensis is, the more completely the active ingredients of the cordyceps sinensis are preserved. At present, the fresh-keeping agent is preserved by drying, freeze-drying, adding a preservative, low-temperature fresh-keeping or modified atmosphere fresh-keeping and the like. Wherein, part of active ingredients of the cordyceps sinensis are lost during the drying treatment; the natural preservative is concerned about because of high efficiency, no toxicity and certain nutrition and functionality, but the natural preservative is mostly a crude product at present, the preservative effect is different, and the flavor and the quality are influenced when the dosage is too large; the low-temperature preservation increases the product storage and transportation cost, and the freshness of the thawed cordyceps sinensis is obviously reduced; the modified atmosphere preservation is not mature in the application field of the cordyceps sinensis; the preservation period of refrigeration and preservation is short, and the phenomena of dry worm body foam, long stroma, obvious water outlet and mold growth appear in about 10 days.
Therefore, the fresh cordyceps sinensis product and the preparation method thereof still need to be improved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent at least one of the technical problems of the prior art.
It should be noted that the present invention has been completed based on the following findings of the inventors:
the patent "cordyceps sinensis fresh-keeping product using tanggute white thorn polysaccharide as natural bacteriostatic agent" (CN 201510511796.1) discloses a method for making cordyceps sinensis fresh-keeping product using polysaccharide natural preservative, i.e. polysaccharide obtained by crushing and concentrating dried tanggute white thorn is used as natural bacteriostatic agent, and according to a certain material-liquid ratio, it is soaked in fresh cordyceps sinensis sterilized by alcohol, and sterilized again to keep cordyceps sinensis fresh, although normal temperature preservation can be realized, it needs a series of process steps of concentration, chromatography, homogenization, elution, etc., the process is complex, and the quality of fresh cordyceps sinensis can be damaged by long-time alcohol soaking, multiple water washing, blow drying, etc., and the fresh cordyceps sinensis needs to be soaked in liquid all the time, and basically loses the original characteristics of cordyceps sinensis.
A method for preserving cordyceps includes such steps as washing cordyceps with alcohol solution, sterilizing, spraying the solution of honey to the surface of cordyceps, coating film, drying in air, removing moisture, quick freezing at-30 deg.C, and storing at-5 deg.C. The fresh-keeping idea utilizes the honey water to carry out film coating fresh-keeping, but still stores the cordyceps sinensis at low temperature after ultralow quick freezing, but the situation that nutrient components cannot be fully locked or cordyceps sinensis cells lose water due to the fact that the honey water concentration is too low or too high is caused, the cordyceps sinensis still loses water to a certain extent through air drying treatment, the freshness of the thawed cordyceps sinensis is obviously reduced, and even the cordyceps sinensis becomes soft and the water is seriously discharged.
In view of the above, the inventor makes honey permeate into the substrate from the shell of the fresh cordyceps sinensis to form a honey permeation layer, and utilizes the honey to lock water and nutrient components, thereby achieving the fresh-keeping effect. Further, the inventor finds that the thickness of the honey permeable layer in the matrix obviously influences the fresh-keeping effect and the taste of the fresh cordyceps sinensis. Furthermore, the inventor discovers through a large number of experiments that when the thickness of the honey permeable layer is 20-40% of the radius of the cross section of the substrate, a good fresh-keeping effect can be achieved, the original nutritional ingredients and the form of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be retained to the maximum extent, the shelf life is prolonged, and the taste is improved to some extent. In addition, the method for preparing the fresh cordyceps sinensis product does not need to carry out freezing treatment, has simple process and is suitable for large-scale production.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a fresh cordyceps sinensis product. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fresh cordyceps sinensis product comprises: honey; and fresh cordyceps sinensis, said fresh cordyceps sinensis comprising: a housing; and the base member, the cladding of base member surface has the casing, honey infiltration in the base member, form with the honey permeable formation of casing contact, wherein, the thickness of honey permeable formation is 20 ~ 40% of base member cross section radius.
For easy understanding, fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of fresh cordyceps sinensis perpendicular to a longitudinal direction according to an embodiment of the present invention, a substrate 200 is covered with a case 100, and honey is infiltrated from the surface of the substrate 200 inward, such that the substrate 200 is divided into at least a honey-infiltrated layer 210 having honey infiltration and a core 220 having no honey infiltration. The inventor utilizes honey to permeate into the substrate to form a protective layer, fully locks nutrient components and water, and keeps good appearance of fresh grass, thereby realizing the effect of long-term storage. Further, the inventor finds that if the honey is excessively infiltrated and even completely fills the matrix, not only the shape of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is easily damaged, but also the fresh-keeping effect of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is affected, for example, obvious phenomena such as water generation, softening, mold growth and the like are easily caused in short-time storage. Furthermore, the inventor finds that the thickness of the honey penetration layer can influence the preservation effect and the taste of the fresh cordyceps sinensis, when the thickness of the honey penetration layer is 20-40% of the radius of the cross section of the substrate, the preservation effect is good, the original nutritional ingredients and the original form of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be retained to the maximum extent, the shelf life is prolonged, and the taste is improved to some extent.
It should be noted that the term "cross section" used in the present invention refers to a section obtained by cutting fresh Cordyceps sinensis perpendicularly to its length direction. The term "radius" is to be understood in a broad sense, when a cross-section is a regular circle, the value of the radius is half the width of the cross-section; when the cross section is irregular circular, referring to fig. 1, for the convenience of understanding, a line OL is drawn along the center of the cross section toward the housing, the intersection point of the outer layer of the housing 100 and OL is denoted as a, the intersection point of the contact surface of the honey permeation layer 210 and the housing 100 and OL is denoted as B, the intersection point of the contact surface of the honey permeation layer 210 and the core 220 and OL is denoted as C, a line OL ' is drawn along the direction opposite to OL ', the intersection point of the outer layer of the housing 100 and OL ' is denoted as a ', the intersection point of the contact surface of the honey permeation layer 210 and the housing 100 and OL ' is denoted as B ', the intersection point of the contact surface of the honey permeation layer 210 and the core 220 and OL ' is denoted as C ', and the radius value is half of the length of AA ', and the thickness BC (B ' C ') is 20-40% of the radius value.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the fresh cordyceps sinensis product can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the water content in the honey is 16-21 mass%. The inventor finds that the moisture content in the honey influences the preservation effect, and if the moisture content is too high, the fresh cordyceps sinensis is easy to produce water in a short time. Furthermore, the inventor obtains the better moisture content through a large number of experiments, the fresh-keeping effect is better under the condition, the original nutrient components and forms of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be kept to the maximum degree, the shelf life is prolonged, the taste is improved, and the phenomena of water yielding, softening, mold growing and the like are not easy to occur.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the fresh cordyceps sinensis product is stored at the temperature of 2-8 ℃ for 20 days, and the stroma volume growth rate is less than 8.0%. The inventor utilizes honey to permeate into the substrate, controls the thickness of the formed honey permeation layer to fully lock nutrient components and water, and keeps the good appearance of fresh grass, thereby realizing the effect of long-term storage, and can still keep good quality after being stored for at least 20 days at the temperature of 2-8 ℃, for example, the appearance is good, the hardness is moderate, the stroma grows slowly, and the phenomena of obvious water generation and mold growth do not occur.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the fresh cordyceps sinensis product. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: and (3) leading the honey to permeate into the matrix from the shell of the fresh cordyceps sinensis to form a honey permeation layer which is in contact with the shell so as to obtain the fresh cordyceps sinensis product. Therefore, the fresh-keeping effect of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is better, the original nutrient components and forms of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be kept to the maximum degree, the shelf life is prolonged, and the taste is improved to some extent. In addition, the method for preparing the fresh cordyceps sinensis product does not need to carry out freezing treatment, has simple process and is suitable for large-scale production.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the honey is dried for 20-40 minutes at 30-60 ℃ in advance. The inventor finds that the honey is dried in advance and the temperature and time of the drying treatment are controlled to be better, so that the moisture content in the honey is 16-21% by mass, the original nutritional ingredients and the original form of the fresh cordyceps sinensis are reserved to the maximum extent, the quality guarantee period is prolonged, the taste is improved, and the phenomena of water yielding, softening, mold growing and the like are not easy to occur.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: immersing the back of the fresh cordyceps sinensis in the honey, and smearing the stroma, the head and the abdomen of the fresh cordyceps sinensis with the honey. The inventor finds that the honey absorption effect is inconsistent due to different skin thicknesses (thicker back, thinner stroma, head and abdomen) of fresh cordyceps sinensis. If the fresh cordyceps sinensis is completely immersed in honey, the fresh grass carps, the heads and the abdomens are easy to be excessively soaked with honey, particularly, the worm feet and the heads influence the appearance and the fullness, and the fresh cordyceps sinensis is easy to go out and soften in a short period. Furthermore, the inventor adopts different treatment modes according to different parts, namely a soaking mode for the back and a smearing mode for the sub-seat, the head and the abdomen. Therefore, the fresh cordyceps sinensis is good in fresh-keeping effect, can be stored at 2-8 ℃ for at least 20 days, and is not prone to water yielding, softening, mold growing and the like. In addition, the method for preparing the fresh cordyceps sinensis product does not need to carry out freezing treatment, has simple process and is suitable for large-scale production.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the immersion time is 60-105 minutes, and the temperature is 2-8 ℃. The inventor obtains the better immersion condition through a large number of experiments, so that the fresh cordyceps sinensis is better in fresh-keeping effect, can be stored for at least 20 days at the temperature of 2-8 ℃, and is not easy to generate the phenomena of water yielding, softening, mold growing and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the coating times are 7-11 times, and each coating interval is 8-15 minutes. The inventor obtains the above-mentioned better condition of smearing through a large amount of experiments for, make fresh cordyceps fresh-keeping effect better from this, both can form the honey permeable formation in order to lock moisture and nutrient composition and run off, also can better protection stroma, head and belly, avoid appearing out water, getting soft phenomenon because of absorbing honey too much.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the honey is 2-8 ℃. Therefore, the honey permeation layer with proper thickness is formed by improving the permeation effect of the honey, so that the fresh cordyceps sinensis is endowed with a better fresh-keeping effect.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: removing residual honey on the immersed and smeared shell. The inventor finds that if the residual honey is not removed, the fresh cordyceps sinensis is in a humid environment, so that the phenomena of water yielding, softening and mold growing are easily caused in a short time. Therefore, after the cordyceps sinensis is immersed and coated with honey, the residual honey on the outer surface is removed, so that the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be ensured to have a good fresh-keeping effect, the cordyceps sinensis can be stored at the temperature of 2-8 ℃ for at least 20 days, and phenomena such as water yielding, softening, mold growing and the like are not easy to occur. In some embodiments, the shell is wiped with a clean sterile gauze or paper to remove residual honey from the shell after said immersing and spreading.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the features and advantages described above for fresh cordyceps sinensis products are also applicable to the method for preparing fresh cordyceps sinensis products, and will not be described herein again.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fresh Cordyceps sinensis product according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the morphology of fresh Cordyceps sinensis products without separate treatment of each part of the fresh Cordyceps sinensis according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the morphology of a fresh Cordyceps sinensis product after the respective parts of fresh Cordyceps sinensis have been processed separately according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the morphology of a fresh Cordyceps sinensis product without being processed with honey according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a housing 100; a base 200; a honey penetration layer 210; a core 220.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
Vacuum drying appropriate amount of Mel at 30 deg.C for 40min, measuring water content to 21% by mass, sealing Mel at 2-8 deg.C, and pre-cooling for 45 min. 9 cleaned, hard and full fresh cordyceps sinensis are prepared, and the length of a stroma is measured by a straightening method respectively. Under the heat preservation of ice plate, soak fresh cordyceps sinensis worm back (belly up, and do not soak head, belly and stroma) 105min with precooled honey, and absorb precooled honey with disposable straw from soaking just beginning and paint fresh cordyceps sinensis stroma, head and belly, it covers on stroma, head and belly surface to need obvious one deck honey when painting, paint the second time after the apparent honey layer of surface obviously dissipates, paint 11 times altogether, be 8 ~ 15min apart from each time, clean aseptic gauze is used to wipe the honey on fresh cordyceps sinensis worm and stroma surface at last, wherein honey permeable stratum thickness accounts for fresh grass cross section radius proportion scope: a sub-base:
20 to 26 percent; abdomen: 33% -38%; the head of the worm body: 37% -40%; the back of the worm body: 33% -39%; and sealing and storing the single root at 2-8 ℃ in a dark place.
After lofting, 3 cordyceps sinensis bodies are respectively taken out on days 0, 14 and 20 to evaluate the appearance, water yielding condition and hardness of fresh cordyceps sinensis, the length of the stroma after straightening is measured, the stroma growth rate is respectively calculated, the polyp and the stroma are longitudinally dissected, and the thickness of the belly, the head, the back and the stroma honey permeation layer of the polyp is measured, and the result is shown in table 1. As can be seen, the fresh cordyceps sinensis provided by the invention has a good fresh-keeping effect, and has good appearance, water outlet and hardness after being stored for 20 days at the temperature of 2-8 ℃.
Freshness evaluation criteria:
is very fresh: the appearance of the polypide is golden yellow, the cross section of the polypide is wet, no water exists in the cross section of the stroma, and the polypide and the stroma are hard and solid;
the method is relatively fresh: the appearance of the worm body is yellow, the cross section of the worm body is properly drained, no water is drained from the cross section of the stroma, and the worm body and the stroma are harder;
generally, fresh: the appearance of the polypide is yellow to dark yellow, the stroma or the long white hirsutella sinensis has obvious water yielding or is dry, and the polypide or the stroma is slightly soft;
and (3) freshness: the appearance of the worm body is brown, the water outlet of the cross section of the worm body and the stroma is obvious, and the worm body and the stroma are soft;
failing to meet the requirements: the appearance is brownish black, the worm body grows white mould, the water outlet of the worm body and the stroma is obvious, and the worm body and the stroma are soft.
TABLE 1
Example 2
Vacuum drying appropriate amount of Mel at 30 deg.C for 20min, measuring water content to 16% by mass, sealing Mel at 2-8 deg.C, and pre-cooling for 45 min. 9 cleaned, hard and full fresh cordyceps sinensis are prepared, and the length of a stroma is measured by a straightening method respectively. Under the heat preservation of an ice board, soaking the back (the belly is upward, and does not soak the head, the belly and the stroma) of a fresh cordyceps sinensis body with precooled honey for 60min, sucking the precooled honey with a disposable straw from the beginning of soaking and smearing the precooled honey to the fresh cordyceps sinensis stroma, the head and the belly, when smearing, an obvious layer of honey is needed to cover the stroma, the head and the belly surface, smearing for the second time after the honey layer on the surface is obviously dissipated, smearing for 7 times in total, every time is separated by 8-15 min, and finally, wiping the honey on the surfaces of the fresh cordyceps sinensis body and the stroma with clean sterile gauze, wherein the thickness of a honey permeable layer accounts for the radius proportion range of the cross section of the fresh grass: a sub-base:
20% -22%; abdomen: 25 to 28 percent; the head of the worm body: 26 to 30 percent; the back of the worm body: 22% -24%; and sealing and storing the single root at 2-8 ℃ in a dark place.
After lofting, 3 cordyceps sinensis leaves out respectively on days 0, 14 and 20 to evaluate the appearance, water outlet condition and hardness of fresh cordyceps sinensis, wherein the freshness evaluation mode is as in example 1, the length of the stroma after straightening is measured, the stroma growth rate is calculated respectively, the corpus and the stroma are dissected longitudinally, and the thickness of the corpus ventral, corpus head, corpus back and stroma honey permeation layers is measured, and the results are shown in table 2. As can be seen, the fresh cordyceps sinensis provided by the invention has a good fresh-keeping effect, and has good appearance, water outlet and hardness after being stored for 20 days at the temperature of 2-8 ℃.
TABLE 2
Example 3 influence of Honey moisture content on fresh keeping Effect of Cordyceps sinensis
The method comprises the following steps: vacuum drying appropriate amount of Mel at 45 deg.C for 30min, measuring water content to be 18% by mass, sealing Mel at 2-8 deg.C, and pre-cooling for 50 min. 9 cleaned, hard and full fresh cordyceps sinensis are prepared, and the length of a stroma is measured by a straightening method respectively. Under the heat preservation of ice plate, soak fresh cordyceps sinensis worm back (belly up, and do not soak head, belly and stroma) for 90min with precooled honey, and absorb precooled honey with disposable straw from soaking just beginning and paint fresh cordyceps sinensis stroma, head and belly, it covers on stroma, head and belly surface to need obvious one deck honey when painting, paint the second time after the apparent honey layer of surface obviously dissipates, paint 9 times altogether, be 8 ~ 15min apart from each time, clean aseptic gauze is used at last to wipe the honey on fresh cordyceps sinensis worm and stroma surface, wherein honey permeable stratum thickness accounts for fresh grass cross section radius proportion scope: a sub-base: 20% -21%; abdomen: 23% -26%; the head of the worm body: 26 to 30 percent; the back of the worm body: 22% -24%; and sealing and storing the single root at 2-8 ℃ in a dark place.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: the procedure was followed as in method 1 except that the honey was not dried and its moisture content was determined to be 22 mass%. The thickness of the formed honey permeation layer accounts for the ratio range of the radius of the fresh cordyceps sinensis: a sub-base: 22 to 25 percent; abdomen: 24% -28%; the head of the worm body: 27% -30%; the back of the worm body: 24 to 27 percent.
The method 3 comprises the following steps: vacuum concentrating appropriate amount of Mel at 45 deg.C, and controlling water content to 15% by mass. The thickness of the formed honey permeation layer accounts for the ratio range of the radius of the fresh cordyceps sinensis: a sub-base: 21% -23%; abdomen: 22% -24%; the head of the worm body: 26 to 28 percent; the back of the worm body: 18 to 20 percent; and sealing and storing the single root at 2-8 ℃ in a dark place.
The method 4 comprises the following steps: operating according to method 3, with the difference that honey is concentrated under vacuum, controlling the moisture content to 16% by mass. The thickness of the formed honey permeation layer accounts for the ratio range of the radius of the fresh cordyceps sinensis: a sub-base: 20% -21%; abdomen: 23% -26%; the head of the worm body: 26 to 30 percent; the back of the worm body: 22 to 24 percent.
The method 5 comprises the following steps: the operation is carried out according to the method 3, and the difference is that the honey is subjected to vacuum concentration, the water content is controlled to be 21 mass percent, wherein the thickness of a honey permeation layer accounts for the proportion range of the radius of the fresh cordyceps sinensis: a sub-base: 22 to 25 percent; abdomen: 24% -28%; the head of the worm body: 27% -30%; the back of the worm body: 24 to 27 percent.
The method 6 comprises the following steps: the operation is carried out according to the method 3, which is characterized in that honey is not dried, the water content is determined to be 23 mass percent, wherein the thickness of a honey permeation layer accounts for the proportion range of the radius of the fresh cordyceps sinensis: a sub-base: 25 to 28 percent; abdomen: 24% -28%; the head of the worm body: 28% -31%; the back of the worm body: 24 to 27 percent.
After the lofting, 3 fresh cordyceps sinensis were taken out on each of day 0, 14 and 20 to evaluate appearance, water discharge and hardness, and freshness was evaluated as in example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.
From the experimental results in table 4, it can be seen that the fresh keeping effect of cordyceps sinensis is good when the moisture content in honey is 16-21 mass%, and the preservation time is as long as 20 days. Therefore, the invention preferably adopts honey with the water content of 16-21 mass% to keep the cordyceps sinensis fresh.
TABLE 3 comparison of the moisture content of honey on the preservation effect of fresh Cordyceps
Example 4 influence of the thickness of the permeation layer of Mel on the fresh keeping effect of Cordyceps
The method comprises the following steps: vacuum drying appropriate amount of Mel at 35 deg.C for 30min, measuring water content to be 20% by mass, sealing Mel at 2-8 deg.C, and pre-cooling for 45 min. 9 cleaned, hard and full fresh cordyceps sinensis are prepared, and the length of a stroma is measured by a straightening method respectively. Soaking the back (with the belly facing upwards and without soaking the head, the belly and the stroma) of the fresh cordyceps sinensis body for 55min by using precooled honey under the heat preservation of an ice board, sucking the precooled honey by using a disposable suction tube from the beginning of soaking and smearing the precooled honey to the fresh cordyceps sinensis stroma, the head and the belly, wherein an obvious layer of honey is required to cover the surfaces of the stroma, the head and the belly when smearing, smearing is carried out for 6 times after the honey layer on the surface is obviously dissipated, the smearing is carried out for 8-15 min every time, and finally, the honey on the surfaces of the fresh cordyceps sinensis body and the stroma is wiped by using clean sterile gauze, and a single part is sealed and stored in a dark place at 2-8 ℃.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: the method 1 is characterized in that the back of Cordyceps is soaked for 60min, and the number of times of smearing the stroma, head and abdomen of Cordyceps is 7.
The method 3 comprises the following steps: the method 1 is carried out, wherein the back part of Cordyceps is soaked for 105min, and the frequency of applying the stroma, head and abdomen of Cordyceps is 9 times.
The method 4 comprises the following steps: the method 1 is characterized in that the back of Cordyceps is soaked for 110min, and the number of times of smearing the stroma, head and abdomen of Cordyceps is 9.
The method 5 comprises the following steps: the operation is carried out according to the method 3, and the difference is that the whole root of fresh cordyceps sinensis is directly and completely soaked in honey without being coated on a stroma, a head and an abdomen separately.
After lofting, dissecting the worm body and the stroma longitudinally, measuring the thickness of the belly, the head, the back and the stroma honey permeation layer of the worm body on the 0 th day, and recording the appearance, the water outlet condition, the hardness and the taste of the fresh cordyceps sinensis at the later stage, wherein the results are shown in table 4. From the experimental results in table 4, it can be seen that different parts of the cordyceps sinensis have different honey absorption effects, and are not separately treated (the whole fresh grass is completely soaked in the honey), so that the fresh grass seats, heads and abdomens are easy to be soaked with excessive honey, especially the worm feet and heads are easy to influence the appearance and plumpness, and thus water appears and becomes soft in a short time, as shown in fig. 1. The separated treatment can avoid the situation, and balance the honey soaking effect of different parts of the fresh cordyceps sinensis, as shown in figure 2. When the thickness of the honey permeable layer accounts for less than 20% of the radius of the cross section (the separation treatment time is 55min), the worm body cannot absorb honey sufficiently and cannot lock water sufficiently, so that fresh grass loses water and becomes dry, and even the taste of the straw mushrooms becomes thick. When the thickness of the honey permeable layer accounts for more than 40% of the radius of the cross section (the separation treatment time is 110min), the honey absorbed by the fresh grass carps and the heads of the worm bodies is too much, water is easy to flow out and become soft, and the honey taste is too strong, so that the significance of the original taste fresh keeping of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is lost. When the thickness of the honey penetration layer accounts for 20-40% of the radius of the cross section (the separation treatment time is 60-105 min), the problems can be avoided, a proper honey ring can be formed to lock water, and the stroma and the head of the worm can be better preserved.
TABLE 4 influence of the thickness of the honey penetration layer on the fresh-keeping effect of fresh Cordyceps
Example 5 Effect of Honey treatment on fresh keeping Effect of fresh Cordyceps
The method comprises the following steps: vacuum drying appropriate amount of Mel at 40 deg.C until water content is 19 wt%, sealing and pre-cooling at 2-8 deg.C for 60 min. 9 cleaned, hard and full fresh cordyceps sinensis are prepared, and the length of a stroma is measured by a straightening method respectively. Soaking the back (with the belly facing upwards and without soaking the head, the belly and the stroma) of the fresh cordyceps sinensis body with precooled honey for 75min under the heat preservation of an ice board, smearing the fresh cordyceps sinensis stroma, the head and the belly once with a clean soft brush and precooled honey from the beginning of soaking, smearing an obvious layer of honey on the surfaces of the stroma, the head and the belly once, smearing for 8 times after the honey layer on the surface is obviously dissipated, every time for 8-15 min, finally wiping the honey on the surfaces of the fresh cordyceps sinensis body and the stroma with clean sterile gauze, sealing a single body and keeping the single body at the temperature of 2-8 ℃ in a dark place.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: the operation is carried out according to the method 1, and the difference is that the length from 15 cleaned, hard and full fresh cordyceps sinensis stroma tips to the polypide is measured (the measurement of the fresh cordyceps sinensis) and then a single fresh cordyceps sinensis is directly packed into a glass tube and is stored at the temperature of 2-8 ℃ in a dark place.
After lofting, sensory evaluation is carried out regularly, 3 cordyceps sinensis appearance, water outlet condition and hardness are recorded, the head and tail lengths of fresh grass are measured again at 15 days, and the length variation is calculated, and the result is shown in table 5. From the experimental results in table 5, it can be seen that, in the fresh cordyceps sinensis without being treated with honey, from the 10 th day, the phenomena of stroma-growing white sporocysts, polypide-dried foam, stroma-obviously growing, polypide hollowing and the like (as shown in fig. 3) appear, while the fresh cordyceps sinensis treated with honey can obviously inhibit the growth of fresh grass, maintain the good length ratio of stroma to polypide, and avoid the fresh grass from being dehydrated and dried, thereby prolonging the shelf life of the cordyceps sinensis under refrigeration.
TABLE 5 influence of Honey treatment on fresh keeping effect of Cordyceps
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a fresh cordyceps sinensis product is characterized by comprising the following steps: immersing the back of fresh cordyceps sinensis in honey, smearing the stroma, the head and the abdomen of the fresh cordyceps sinensis with the honey so that the honey permeates into a matrix from a shell of the fresh cordyceps sinensis to form a honey permeation layer in contact with the shell, and removing the residual honey on the shell after immersion and smearing so as to obtain a fresh cordyceps sinensis product;
the thickness of the honey permeation layer is 20-40% of the radius of the cross section of the substrate;
the immersion time is 60-105 minutes, and the temperature is 2-8 ℃;
the smearing times are 7-11 times, and the interval between every two smearing times is 8-15 minutes;
the honey contains 16-21 mass% of water.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the honey is pre-dried at 30-60 ℃ for 20-40 minutes.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the honey is at a temperature of 2-8 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fresh Cordyceps sinensis product is stored at 2-8 ℃ for 20 days, and the stroma volume growth rate is less than 8.0%.
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| CN1136947A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1996-12-04 | 杨建新 | Method for preserving ginseng and American ginseng |
| CN1593165A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2005-03-16 | 孙立 | Amphisarca fresh-keeping method using bee honey |
| CN103340234A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-09 | 任力 | Long-term fresh-keeping method for fresh wolfberry fruit |
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| CN1136947A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1996-12-04 | 杨建新 | Method for preserving ginseng and American ginseng |
| CN1593165A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2005-03-16 | 孙立 | Amphisarca fresh-keeping method using bee honey |
| CN103340234A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-09 | 任力 | Long-term fresh-keeping method for fresh wolfberry fruit |
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