CN108834871B - Intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility - Google Patents
Intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility which comprises a control module, a liquid supply mechanism, a planting surface and a liquid pool at the bottom; the planting surface is formed by coiling a spiral pipe provided with a plurality of planting holes and is positioned above the liquid pool; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a nutrient mother solution box, a regeneration culture solution mechanism, an EC detector and a liquid outlet spray head; the EC detector measures the EC value of the plant growth environment; the inlet of the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with a nutrient mother solution box or a regeneration culture solution mechanism; the outlet of the liquid outlet spray head is positioned beside the planting hole, and the liquid outlet direction points to the plants cultivated in the planting hole; the spiral tube forms a reflux channel communicated with the liquid pool; when the liquid supply mechanism supplies nutrient solution to plants at the fixed planting holes, the unabsorbed nutrient solution flows to the liquid pool through the backflow channel; a regeneration filter is arranged at the regeneration culture solution mechanism and is communicated with the liquid pool; the regeneration filter is used for treating liquid in the liquid pool to generate liquid which can be absorbed by the plant cultivation surface; the invention can realize intelligent and beautiful soilless culture facilities for cities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gardening facilities, in particular to an intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility.
Background
At present, people do not just meet the traditional cultivation mode, but the technology is promoted and researched on a large scale, the technology is popularized abroad, countries such as the United states, germany and the like are widely applied as early as 20 years, and domestic development is still in a standstill. Along with the continuous development of the global soilless culture technology, the soilless culture forms of development and application are various. Along with the gradual improvement of the physical culture and living standard of people, the requirements of people on high-quality vegetables are higher and higher. The environmental conditions of the household balcony or other similar buildings can be completely comparable with those of a modern sunlight greenhouse, and the household balcony or other similar buildings can be completely soilless-cultivated with small area and simplicity. In recent years, because the small soilless culture device has simple structure, convenient management and high ornamental value, the small soilless culture facility equipment is slowly accepted by masses of citizens and is mainly used for planting various small plants on a household balcony. The small soilless culture equipment is suitable for the development of a household balcony garden, so that citizens can enjoy the fun of the life of a field at home, and meanwhile, the real green vegetables can be brought to the home. Of course, the small soilless culture device can also be used for planting some flowers, chinese herbal medicines and even fruits. In addition, the household balcony soilless culture device can enable children to know advanced agricultural technology at home, and modern scientific knowledge is increased. The small soilless culture device fully utilizes a household balcony, improves the life quality and the health level of people, adopts high and new technologies such as nutrient solution cultivation and the like, and integrates eating, ornamental, beautifying and physical fitness.
On the basis of the concept of traditional soilless culture, the novel technologies of pipeline aeroponics, automatic circulation, spiral transparent pipelines, spectrum compensation, automatic monitoring and early warning of nutrient solution, system addition, fish and vegetable symbiosis, plant mosquito repelling and the like are added, so that urban soilless culture facilities are more intelligent and attractive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility, which can realize intelligent and attractive urban soilless culture facilities.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
An intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility comprises a control module, a liquid supply mechanism, a planting surface and a liquid pool at the bottom; the planting surface is coiled and formed by a spiral pipe and is positioned above the liquid pool; a plurality of fixed planting holes for cultivating plants are arranged on the spiral tube of the planting surface; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a nutrient mother solution tank, a regeneration culture solution mechanism, an EC detector and a liquid outlet spray head; the EC detector is arranged at the planting surface to measure the EC value of the plant growth environment; the inlet of the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with a nutrient mother solution tank or a regeneration culture solution mechanism; the outlet of the liquid outlet spray head is positioned beside the planting hole, and the liquid outlet direction points to plants cultivated in the planting hole; the spiral tube forms a reflux channel communicated with the liquid pool; when the liquid supply mechanism supplies nutrient solution to plants at the fixed planting holes, the unabsorbed nutrient solution flows to the liquid pool through the backflow channel; a regeneration filter is arranged at the regeneration culture solution mechanism and is communicated with the liquid pool; the regeneration filter processes the liquid in the liquid pool to generate liquid which can be absorbed by the plant cultivation surface.
The liquid pool is a fish pond.
The liquid outlet spray head is a cross atomization spray head; the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with the nutrient mother solution tank or the regeneration culture solution mechanism through a transparent hose and a direct-current water pump.
The planting surface is adjacent to the light supplementing lamp; the light emitting direction of the light supplementing lamp faces the planting surface.
The control module comprises an Arduino singlechip; the control module calculates the type and the liquid amount of the nutrient solution required by the planting surface through the EC value measured by the EC detector, monitors the liquid supply amount and the nutrient solution concentration of the liquid supply mechanism according to the calculated data, and controls the liquid supply mechanism to automatically and circularly add the nutrient solution to the liquid supply surface.
The regeneration filter is sequentially provided with a mechanical filter and a biological filter in the upward direction of the liquid flow; the mechanical filter is a mechanical filter capable of removing solid waste; the biological filter can convert ammonia into nitrate by bacteria; the water in the fishpond treated by the regeneration filter is sent to the planting surface by the liquid outlet nozzle to continuously absorb and purify the components in the water, and then flows back to the fishpond through the spiral pipe.
A mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island is arranged at the side part of the fish pond, and a cultivation pond for planting mosquito-repellent plants is arranged on the mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island; the cultivation pond is internally provided with a floating plate which can float in the nutrient solution, water permeable holes are densely distributed on the floating plate, water absorbing cloth is paved on the floating plate, the periphery of the water absorbing cloth extends into the cultivation pond, a substrate container which can contain soilless substrates is placed on the floating plate, and the bottom of the substrate container is provided with the water absorbing holes so as to strengthen the negative oxygen ion generating capacity and the mosquito repelling effect of landscape facilities.
The bottom of the spiral tube is provided with a nutrient solution emptying device, and the nutrient solution emptying device forms an emptying channel by a thin tube extending from the bottom of the spiral tube to the inside of the spiral tube; and an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the evacuation channel.
The spiral tube is erected in the fish pond by a glass support tube, a red and blue spectrum LED light supplementing lamp is arranged at the fixed structure of the spiral tube, and an electricity connecting tube fitting with a built-in power supply controller is arranged at the peripheral wall of the spiral tube beside the glass support tube; the lower part of the power connection pipe fitting is provided with a detachable plug; the plug is provided with an electric wire leading-out hole; the power supply controller leads out wires from the wire lead-out holes to be connected to an external power supply.
A water-adding three-way pipeline is arranged at the top of the spiral pipe; the water adding three-way pipeline is provided with a detachable top cover.
The invention is based on the design of the spiral glass pipeline. Has higher ornamental value.
According to the full-automatic water circulation system based on Arduino, the motor, the electromagnetic valve, the water pump and the lamp are controlled, and the automatic water circulation and light supplementing operation of the full frame is performed by utilizing the power and the gravity action of the water pump, so that the manual intervention is reduced, and the landscape facility is easier to implement.
According to the invention, the transparent lamp post at the center of the facility can rotate by 360 degrees, and spectrum light supplementing such as red light and blue light is carried out on the helically planted plants, so that the light supplementing effect is enhanced by supplementing light from the inner side and the outer side of the planting surface, and the landscape facility is more ornamental.
The invention is provided with an Arduino-based nutrient solution automatic adding system (liquid supply mechanism), an EC measuring device is connected with a microcomputer control system to monitor and transmit data, a plurality of mother solution bottles with different nutrient solution proportions are connected to a water circulation system through hoses, the consumption of the nutrient solution is accurately converted according to the change of EC values, and the consumption is automatically added when the consumption is higher than a preset value; the design is beneficial to the growth of hydroponic plants and can save nutrient solution.
In the invention, the lower part of the landscape facility is designed to cultivate ornamental goldfish carps in a ecological fish tank (fish pond), the sustainable utilization of nutrition is realized by applying the fish-vegetable symbiotic technology, and the up-and-down flow of the nutrient solution can also supplement oxygen in the fish pond, so that the oxygen dissolution of water in the fish pond is increased, and the survival and the growth of fishes are facilitated.
In the invention, the mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island is designed on the inner ring of the fish tank (fish pond), so that the concentration of negative oxygen ions and the mosquito-repellent effect of the whole facility can be increased.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic illustration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of the workflow of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the flow of liquid from the aquarium as it is being treated by the regeneration medium mechanism;
in the figure: 1-a liquid pool; 2-spiral tube; 3-connecting the electric pipe fitting; 4-glass support tube; 5-planting holes; 6-a water adding three-way pipeline; 7-planting the surface; 8-light supplementing lamp.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, an intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility comprises a control module, a liquid supply mechanism, a planting surface 7 and a liquid pool 1 at the bottom; the planting surface 7 is coiled by a spiral pipe 2 and is positioned above the liquid pool 1; a plurality of planting holes 5 for cultivating plants are arranged on the spiral tube 2 of the planting surface; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a nutrient mother solution tank, a regeneration culture solution mechanism, an EC detector and a liquid outlet spray head; the EC detector is arranged at the planting surface to measure the EC value of the plant growth environment; the inlet of the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with a nutrient mother solution tank or a regeneration culture solution mechanism; the outlet of the liquid outlet spray head is positioned beside the planting hole, and the liquid outlet direction points to plants cultivated in the planting hole; the spiral tube forms a reflux channel communicated with the liquid pool; when the liquid supply mechanism supplies nutrient solution to plants at the fixed planting holes, the unabsorbed nutrient solution flows to the liquid pool through the backflow channel; a regeneration filter is arranged at the regeneration culture solution mechanism and is communicated with the liquid pool; the regeneration filter processes the liquid in the liquid pool to generate liquid which can be absorbed by the plant cultivation surface.
The liquid pool 1 is a fish pond.
The liquid outlet spray head is a cross atomization spray head; the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with the nutrient mother solution tank or the regeneration culture solution mechanism through a transparent hose and a direct-current water pump.
The planting surface is adjacent to the light supplementing lamp 8; the light emitting direction of the light supplementing lamp faces the planting surface.
The control module comprises an Arduino singlechip; the control module calculates the type and the liquid amount of the nutrient solution required by the planting surface through the EC value measured by the EC detector, monitors the liquid supply amount and the nutrient solution concentration of the liquid supply mechanism according to the calculated data, and controls the liquid supply mechanism to automatically and circularly add the nutrient solution to the liquid supply surface.
The regeneration filter is sequentially provided with a mechanical filter and a biological filter in the upward direction of the liquid flow; the mechanical filter is a mechanical filter capable of removing solid waste; the biological filter can convert ammonia into nitrate by bacteria; the water in the fishpond treated by the regeneration filter is sent to the planting surface by the liquid outlet nozzle to continuously absorb and purify the components in the water, and then flows back to the fishpond through the spiral pipe.
A mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island is arranged at the side part of the fish pond, and a cultivation pond for planting mosquito-repellent plants is arranged on the mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island; the cultivation pond is internally provided with a floating plate which can float in the nutrient solution, water permeable holes are densely distributed on the floating plate, water absorbing cloth is paved on the floating plate, the periphery of the water absorbing cloth extends into the cultivation pond, a substrate container which can contain soilless substrates is placed on the floating plate, and the bottom of the substrate container is provided with the water absorbing holes so as to strengthen the negative oxygen ion generating capacity and the mosquito repelling effect of landscape facilities.
The bottom of the spiral tube is provided with a nutrient solution emptying device, and the nutrient solution emptying device forms an emptying channel by a thin tube extending from the bottom of the spiral tube to the inside of the spiral tube; and an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the evacuation channel.
The spiral tube is erected in the fishpond by a glass support tube 4, a red and blue spectrum LED light supplementing lamp is arranged at the fixed structure of the spiral tube, and an electricity connecting tube fitting 3 with a built-in power supply controller is arranged at the peripheral wall of the spiral tube beside the glass support tube; the lower part of the power connection pipe fitting is provided with a detachable plug; the plug is provided with an electric wire leading-out hole; the power supply controller leads out wires from the wire lead-out holes to be connected to an external power supply.
A water-adding three-way pipeline 6 is arranged at the top of the spiral pipe 2; the water adding three-way pipeline is provided with a detachable top cover.
Examples:
Preferably, the helical interior of the spiral tube is provided with a cross-shaped support above the liquid bath; the cross-shaped support is connected to a cross-shaped underframe in the liquid pool through a glass support pipe.
The spiral pipe is a glass pipe, and the top of the glass pipe is provided with a T-shaped section bar which is used for supporting and suspending each layer of the glass pipe with steel wires so as to bear the weight of the pipe and plants.
The diameter and the length of the spiral cultivation pipeline can be selected to be optimal according to the installation environment, the spiral cultivation pipeline is arranged around the supporting component, the bottom end of the spiral cultivation pipeline is tightly sealed by a plug with the diameter, the end parts of the plug and the glass pipeline can be connected in a threaded connection mode, and the plug and the glass pipeline can be directly bonded together. The cross-shaped underframe of the supporting component consists of four crossed pipe fittings with the diameters, the four pipe fittings are connected together by using four-way pipe fittings, so that the cross-shaped underframe is more stable, and the length of each branch of the cross-shaped underframe is equal to the length of each branch. As shown in the figure, eight cross-shaped atomizing nozzles are arranged on the spiral cultivation pipeline, eight cultivation holes are uniformly arranged on each layer, five layers are distributed, and thus the growth space of crops is fully ensured.
Before the landscape facility is started, water or nutrient solution can be poured into the central three-way glass tube by opening the top cover of the water-adding three-way pipeline, leaf vegetables or water-cultured flowers and the like are fixed on the fixed value hole, the controller is set, the pump is started once per minute, the pump pumps the water or the nutrient solution in the accommodating cavity of the spiral glass pipeline to the spray head, and the water or the nutrient solution is supplied to the root system of the cultivated crops through the spray head.
The liquid supply mechanism is an intelligent nutrient solution water circulation system and consists of a plurality of different mother solution tanks, the microcomputer system is sensed in series, the types and the amounts of the mother solutions required are obtained through analysis and calculation of EC value data measured at fixed sites, and the microcomputer controller is relied on, so that the concentration of water flow and nutrient solution are monitored in real time, and the automatic circulation addition of the nutrient solution is realized through a water pump in the ecological fish tank.
The spraying device arranged in the spiral glass pipeline comprises a spray head arranged at the top of the vertical cylindrical cultivation pipeline and a pump arranged in the accommodating cavity, wherein the pump can be connected to the spray head through a liquid guide pipe in a communicating way. The pump is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, so that nutrient solution in the accommodating cavity can be pumped and pumped, and the nutrient solution is sprayed to the roots of crops such as leaf vegetables planted in the cultivation container through the spray head. One or more spray heads may be provided inside the helical glass tubing. The column type aeroponic device according to the present invention may further include a controller for controlling an operation state of the pump. The controller may be disposed outside the vertical cylindrical cultivation conduit. In the case of a single crop being planted, the controller may be configured as a timer switch for curing, such as turning on once every minute, i.e. the pump is activated once every minute, and the pump is operated for one minute each time, which may be determined based on the specific characteristics of the crop being planted. Of course, the controller can also be set as an interactive controller, and an operator can set the controller at regular time, and set different starting time and different working time according to requirements.
The planting surface and the liquid pool form a fish-vegetable symbiotic unit; in operation, water circulates from the aquarium (pool) through the regeneration filter, the vegetable planting tube (spiral tube) of the planting surface, and then returns to the aquarium. In the filter, the waste in the aquarium will be removed from the water, the solid waste is first removed with a mechanical filter, and then the soluble waste is treated by a biological filter. The biological filter is a bacterial ammonia conversion device (to remove ammonia toxic to fish), the design provides a structure for converting ammonia into nitrate beneficial to vegetables, and when fish pond water containing nitrate and other nutrients passes through a vegetable planting pipeline, the nutrients are absorbed by vegetables, so that the water is purified by planting surface plants and returned to the fish tank to form a water circulation. This process allows fish, vegetables and bacteria to symbiotic and together create an environment that grows healthily to each other, maintaining the relative balance of the ecosystem. Thereby facilitating the water and fertilizer absorption of crops.
Thereby, the method comprises the following steps of; the landscape facility can run for a long time without changing water or nutrient solution; and the device runs to form a relatively airtight space, so that air in the device is moist, the root system of crops can be in a moist state for a long time, and the spraying gap is prolonged, so that water and fertilizer are saved.
The cultivation pond of mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island is equipped with the kickboard that can float in the nutrient solution, densely covered has the hole that permeates water on the kickboard, and the selectable buoyancy of kickboard is big, light in weight, corrosion-resistant, low price's foaming polyethylene panel, has laid the cloth that absorbs water on the kickboard, and the cloth that absorbs water can adopt the chemical fibre material non-woven fabrics that the water absorption performance is good, and the matrix container after filling has the soilless matrix is directly put on the kickboard, and the hole that absorbs water has been seted up to the bottom of matrix container, and through the hole that absorbs water, the soilless matrix can link to each other with the cloth that absorbs water, utilizes capillary water absorption principle, and the nutrient solution that absorbs water cloth from the cultivation pond can enter into the soilless matrix, supplies plant growth and needs.
Claims (5)
1. An intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility is characterized in that: the landscape facility comprises a control module, a liquid supply mechanism, a planting surface and a liquid pool at the bottom; the planting surface is coiled and formed by a spiral pipe and is positioned above the liquid pool; a plurality of fixed planting holes for cultivating plants are arranged on the spiral tube of the planting surface; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a nutrient mother solution tank, a regeneration culture solution mechanism, an EC detector and a liquid outlet spray head; the EC detector is arranged at the planting surface to measure the EC value of the plant growth environment; the inlet of the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with a nutrient mother solution tank or a regeneration culture solution mechanism; the outlet of the liquid outlet spray head is positioned beside the planting hole, and the liquid outlet direction points to plants cultivated in the planting hole; the spiral tube forms a reflux channel communicated with the liquid pool; when the liquid supply mechanism supplies nutrient solution to plants at the fixed planting holes, the unabsorbed nutrient solution flows to the liquid pool through the backflow channel; a regeneration filter is arranged at the regeneration culture solution mechanism and is communicated with the liquid pool; the regeneration filter is used for treating liquid in the liquid pool to generate liquid which can be absorbed by the plant cultivation surface;
The liquid pool is a fish pond;
the liquid outlet spray head is a cross atomization spray head; the liquid outlet spray head is communicated with the nutrient mother solution tank or the regeneration culture solution mechanism through a transparent hose and a direct-current water pump;
The planting surface is adjacent to the light supplementing lamp; the light emitting direction of the light supplementing lamp faces the planting surface;
the control module comprises an Arduino singlechip; the control module calculates the type and the liquid amount of the nutrient solution required by the planting surface through the EC value measured by the EC detector, monitors the liquid supply amount and the nutrient solution concentration of the liquid supply mechanism according to the calculated data, and controls the liquid supply mechanism to automatically and circularly add the nutrient solution to the liquid supply surface;
The regeneration filter is sequentially provided with a mechanical filter and a biological filter in the upward direction of the liquid flow; the mechanical filter is a mechanical filter capable of removing solid waste; the biological filter can convert ammonia into nitrate by bacteria; the water in the fishpond treated by the regeneration filter is sent to the planting surface by the liquid outlet nozzle to continuously absorb and purify the components in the water, and then flows back to the fishpond through the spiral pipe;
The nutrient solution supplements oxygen in the fishpond through up-and-down flow, and increases the oxygen dissolution amount of water in the fishpond;
the fish pond is used for cultivating ornamental goldfish or carp;
The spiral tube is a glass tube;
The light supplementing lamps are red light spectrum LED light supplementing lamps and blue light spectrum LED light supplementing lamps, and are arranged at a transparent lamp post in the center of the facility; the lamp post rotates by 360 degrees to perform red and blue light spectrum light supplementing on the helically planted plants, and the light supplementing process strengthens the light supplementing effect by supplementing light from the inner side and the outer side of the planting surface and improves the ornamental value of landscape facilities;
The spiral pipe is internally provided with a spraying device which comprises an atomization spray head and a pump arranged in the accommodating cavity of the spiral pipe, and the pump is connected to the spray head through a liquid guide pipe; the pump pumps and pumps the nutrient solution in the spiral pipe accommodating cavity and sprays the nutrient solution to the roots of the leaf vegetable crops planted in the cultivation container through the spray head.
2. The intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility according to claim 1, wherein: a mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island is arranged at the side part of the fish pond, and a cultivation pond for planting mosquito-repellent plants is arranged on the mosquito-repellent plant planting floating island; the cultivation pond is internally provided with a floating plate which can float in the nutrient solution, water permeable holes are densely distributed on the floating plate, water absorbing cloth is paved on the floating plate, the periphery of the water absorbing cloth extends into the cultivation pond, a substrate container which can contain soilless substrates is placed on the floating plate, and the bottom of the substrate container is provided with the water absorbing holes so as to strengthen the negative oxygen ion generating capacity and the mosquito repelling effect of landscape facilities.
3. The intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the spiral tube is provided with a nutrient solution emptying device, and the nutrient solution emptying device forms an emptying channel by a thin tube extending from the bottom of the spiral tube to the inside of the spiral tube; and an electromagnetic valve is arranged at the evacuation channel.
4. The intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility according to claim 1, wherein: the spiral tube is erected in the fish pond by a glass support tube, a red and blue spectrum LED light supplementing lamp is arranged at the fixed structure of the spiral tube, and an electricity connecting tube fitting with a built-in power supply controller is arranged at the peripheral wall of the spiral tube beside the glass support tube; the lower part of the power connection pipe fitting is provided with a detachable plug; the plug is provided with an electric wire leading-out hole; the power supply controller leads out wires from the wire lead-out holes to be connected to an external power supply.
5. The intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility according to claim 1, wherein: a water-adding three-way pipeline is arranged at the top of the spiral pipe; the water adding three-way pipeline is provided with a detachable top cover.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810887633.7A CN108834871B (en) | 2018-08-06 | Intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810887633.7A CN108834871B (en) | 2018-08-06 | Intelligent light supplementing spiral soilless culture landscape facility |
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| CN108834871A CN108834871A (en) | 2018-11-20 |
| CN108834871B true CN108834871B (en) | 2024-07-05 |
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| CN202385616U (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-08-22 | 浙江海洋学院 | Home fish and vegetable intergrowing device |
| CN102696468A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏大学 | Adjustable spiral stand column cultivation testing system |
| CN103704119A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Solar independent irrigation light supplementary spiral cultivation upright |
| CN105766778A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 杭州宅耕农业科技有限公司 | Differential fish and vegetable coexistence system for indoor and outdoor micro-agriculture |
| CN208940618U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-06-07 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of Intelligent supplemental lighting spiral soilless cultivation Landscape Facilities |
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