CN108816182A - 一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108816182A
CN108816182A CN201810522369.7A CN201810522369A CN108816182A CN 108816182 A CN108816182 A CN 108816182A CN 201810522369 A CN201810522369 A CN 201810522369A CN 108816182 A CN108816182 A CN 108816182A
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凌云
凌天阳
金可心
夏戊君
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Abstract

一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,属于吸附剂技术领域。具体制备过程如下:取煤灰粉原粉和高岭土混合,然后加入碱液混匀,高温煅烧;向煅烧后的样品中加入硫酸铝溶液、硫酸镍溶液、硫酸锌溶液和丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌后静置;将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中加热;将加热后混合物离心分离,洗涤干燥;然后高温煅烧,冷却至室温后制得所述改性粉煤灰吸附剂。所述方法将粉煤灰和高岭土混合后煅烧改性,然后加入硫酸镍、硫酸铝和硫酸锌包裹,最终制备所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂,大大增加了吸附剂的吸附效率。其中,利用了高岭土和粉煤灰的协同增效作用,能够使制备的改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂的除氟率高达93.42%~96.78%。

Description

一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于吸附剂技术领域,具体涉及一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法。
背景技术
粉煤灰是煤燃烧形成的副产物,同时也是另一种工业资源与材料资源。中国粉煤灰2015年产量约为6.2亿吨,位居世界第一。而粉煤灰的开发利用率却一直在低位徘徊,仅有67%-69%,这与发达国家差距较大。大量堆放的粉煤灰不仅浪费土地,而且会对土壤、大气等造成严重污染,给人类身体健康带来危害。而有着“城市矿产”之称的粉煤灰也是一种可利用的材料,其可应用面很广。现阶段粉煤灰不仅仅作为水泥和混凝土的产品原料之一,还能进行结构填充和覆盖,除了作为建筑材料,还能作为轻骨料进行渗透和地下孔隙填充。另外,粉煤灰在环保方面也有着很好的应用前景,对改善土壤、水和环境有着一定的应用效果。
氟元素在自然界中分布广泛。氟元素是一种非常定人琢磨不透而且难以驾驭的非金属元素。居于卤素元素之首的氟元素,其化学性质太活泼,并且它对人体的生理作用比任何其他元素都更强烈。氟是在不同的岩石类型中的平均含量高达625mg/kg,是在地壳中含量丰富的微量元素之一。甚至在我国的一些地方岩石中的氟含量能达到160-2500mg/kg。在氟离子丰富的矿物质和沉积物中,萤石(CaF2)、氟磷灰石(Ca(PO4)3F)、闪石、冰晶石(Na3AlF6)、氟盐(NaF)、托帕石(Al2(SiO4)F2)被认为是含量最多的。花岗岩中包含的含氟物质有角闪石、伟晶岩、白云母、黑云母,而花岗岩随着风化或者人为使用后分解到土壤和地下水中,其中富含的氟也随之被带入到人类生活环境中。
高氟地下水在世界较干旱地区更加常见。氟离子主要来源于黑云母和角闪石中的羟基位置,而氟离子随着土壤和地下的水分在高温下蒸发后浓缩且水环境和土壤呈现出碱性。水顺势流到低洼处,长期后有序的沉降形成方解石、白云石、氟萤石。高氟地下水一般都有着较高的pH和较高浓度的HCO3 -和Na+。大剂量的氟会引起人的急性中毒,造成人的代谢系统、功能系统、细胞呼吸系统和内分泌系统损伤,如不及时采取措施,甚至会置人于死地。氟对植物亦有损害,会破坏植物的胚芽发育。
现有技术中粉煤灰对磷、硼、氟等无机物有吸附作用,但是粉煤灰的利用率低,真正用于吸附氟离子时,吸附率并不是特别理想,需要对粉煤灰进行改性。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,具备原料易得、安全环保、制备的产品除氟率高等优点。
技术方案:一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一.称取20~30质量份粉煤灰原粉和2~5质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入26~42质量份2.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在800~900℃温度下煅烧10~15min,然后再在500~650℃温度下煅烧6~9min;
步骤二.向煅烧后的样品中加入20~30质量份20g/L的硫酸铝溶液、30~45质量份15g/L硫酸镍溶液和10~20质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.02~0.08质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌35~40min后静置1~3h;
步骤三.将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在70
~85℃温度下加热6~8h;
步骤四.将加热后的混合物在1000~2000r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥;
步骤五.将干燥后的固体在600~680℃温度下煅烧2~4h,然后再放入300~450℃温度下煅烧1~2h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
作为优选,所述步骤一中称取25质量份粉煤灰原粉和3质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入35质量份2.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在850℃温度下煅烧13min,然后再在600℃温度下煅烧8min。
作为优选,所述步骤二中向煅烧后的样品中加入25质量份20g/L的硫酸铝溶液、40质量份15g/L硫酸镍溶液和15质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.06质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌38min后静置2h。
作为优选,所述步骤三中将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在80℃温度下加热7h。
作为优选,所述步骤四中将加热后的混合物在1500r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥。
作为优选,所述步骤五中将干燥后的固体在650℃温度下煅烧3h,然后再放入400℃温度下煅烧1.5h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
有益效果:本发明所述方法将粉煤灰和高岭土混合后煅烧改性,然后加入硫酸镍、硫酸铝和硫酸锌包裹,采用磁力搅拌、加热、离心分离、煅烧等工艺,最终制备所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂,大大增加了吸附剂的吸附效率。其中,利用了高岭土和粉煤灰的协同增效作用,能够使制备的改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂的除氟率高达93.42%~96.78%。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一.称取20质量份粉煤灰原粉和2质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入26质量份2.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在800℃温度下煅烧10min,然后再在500℃温度下煅烧6min。
步骤二.向煅烧后的样品中加入20质量份20g/L的硫酸铝溶液、30质量份15g/L硫酸镍溶液和10质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.02质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌35min后静置1h。
步骤三.将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在70℃温度下加热6h。
步骤四.将加热后的混合物在1000r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥。
步骤五.将干燥后的固体在600℃温度下煅烧2h,然后再放入300℃温度下煅烧1h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
实施例2
一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一.称取30质量份粉煤灰原粉和5质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入42质量份2.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在900℃温度下煅烧15min,然后再在650℃温度下煅烧9min。
步骤二.向煅烧后的样品中加入30质量份20g/L的硫酸铝溶液、45质量份15g/L硫酸镍溶液和20质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.08质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌40min后静置3h。
步骤三.将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在85℃温度下加热8h。
步骤四.将加热后的混合物在2000r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥。
步骤五.将干燥后的固体在680℃温度下煅烧4h,然后再放入450℃温度下煅烧2h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
实施例3
一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一.称取25质量份粉煤灰原粉和3质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入35质量份2.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在850℃温度下煅烧13min,然后再在600℃温度下煅烧8min。
步骤二.向煅烧后的样品中加入25质量份20g/L的硫酸铝溶液、40质量份15g/L硫酸镍溶液和15质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.06质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌38min后静置2h。
步骤三.将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在80℃温度下加热7h。
步骤四.将加热后的混合物在1500r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥。
步骤五.将干燥后的固体在650℃温度下煅烧3h,然后再放入400℃温度下煅烧1.5h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
对比例1
同实施例3,区别在于不添加高岭土,具体制备过程如下:
步骤一.称取25质量份粉煤灰原粉混合,然后在混合物中加入35质量份2.2mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在850℃温度下煅烧13min,然后再在600℃温度下煅烧8min。
步骤二.向煅烧后的样品中加入25质量份20g/L的硫酸铝溶液、40质量份15g/L硫酸镍溶液和15质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.06质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌38min后静置2h。
步骤三.将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在80℃温度下加热7h。
步骤四.将加热后的混合物在1500r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥。
步骤五.将干燥后的固体在650℃温度下煅烧3h,然后再放入400℃温度下煅烧1.5h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
各取实施例1~3及对比例1制备的改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂0.5g于锥形瓶中,加入100mL初始浓度为5mg/L模拟高氟水水样(pH≈6.5),室温下置于振荡器中震荡60min,震荡速度为160r/min左右。移取50mL溶液于小烧杯中,加入10mLTISAB总离子强度调节缓冲溶液,用标准曲线法测定氟离子浓度cx
平衡吸附量按下式计算:
式中:qe是平衡吸附量,mg/g;c0是溶液的初始浓度,mg/L;ce是吸附后溶液的平衡浓度,mg/L;V是溶液的体积,L;m是加入吸附剂的质量,g。
除氟率(η)为计算公式如下:
式中:η为除氟率,%。
实施例1~3及对比例1制备的产品除氟率测试结果如下:
除氟率/%
实施例1 94.56
实施例2 93.42
实施例3 96.78
对比例1 89.64

Claims (6)

1.一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一.称取20~30质量份粉煤灰原粉和2~5质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入26~42质量份2.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在800~900℃温度下煅烧10~15 min,然后再在500~650℃温度下煅烧6~9 min;
步骤二.向煅烧后的样品中加入20~30质量份20 g/L的硫酸铝溶液、30~45质量份15 g/L硫酸镍溶液和10~20质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.02~0.08质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌35~40 min后静置1~3 h;
步骤三.将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在70~85℃温度下加热6~8h;
步骤四.将加热后的混合物在1000~2000 r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥;
步骤五.将干燥后的固体在600~680℃温度下煅烧2~4 h,然后再放入300~450℃温度下煅烧1~2 h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中称取25质量份粉煤灰原粉和3质量份高岭土混合,然后在混合物中加入35质量份2.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌均匀后在850℃温度下煅烧13 min,然后再在600℃温度下煅烧8 min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中向煅烧后的样品中加入25质量份20 g/L的硫酸铝溶液、40质量份15 g/L硫酸镍溶液和15质量份12g/L硫酸锌溶液和0.06质量份丙烯酰胺,磁力搅拌38 min后静置2 h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中将静置后的混合物放入内衬聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,在80℃温度下加热7 h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中将加热后的混合物在1500 r/min的低速离心机中将液体离心分离,分离后的固体用去离子水洗涤后干燥。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性粉煤灰氟离子吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤五中将干燥后的固体在650℃温度下煅烧3 h,然后再放入400℃温度下煅烧1.5 h,待冷却至室温后即得所述改性粉煤灰沸石吸附剂。
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