CN108807853A - 过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用 - Google Patents
过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
本发明公开过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用,开发过期茶碱类药品中的非医疗价值,将其降级回收作为锂离子电池负极活性材料使用,结果表明,基于过期茶碱药品的锂离子电池负极具有良好的电化学储锂性能;本发明首次将过期茶碱类药品用作锂离子电池电极活性材料,具有环境友好、变废为宝及回收成本低等诸多优点,有利于降低废弃药物对生态环境造成的危害,充分利用废弃药品的非医疗价值,对于发展循环经济和绿色能源具有重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用,属于环境保护及新能源材料领域。
背景技术
随着社会经济水平的发展和人们健康意识的提高,医疗药品的种类和数量逐年攀升。理想情况下,药品的供给与需求应相互匹配,药品应该在有效期内被及时使用。然而,实际上约有40% 的药物未在有效期内被及时使用而成为过期药品。对过期药品不当处理或随意抛弃可能会引起误食中毒,同时也会造成资源的浪费或对生态环境造成污染。据相关研究,在生活污水、地下水,甚至在饮用水中,已检测到药物残留,其中部分药物即使浓度很低但影响却不容忽视(Herwadkar et al., Pharmaceutical Research 2016, 33 (1), 110-124)。因此,从循环经济与可持续发展的角度出发,亟待提出对废弃药物进行再循环利用的新方法,新思路。
目前对过期药品的处置方式主要是由相关部门收集后统一进行焚烧或填埋。然而,这样的处理方案并不是最理想的。虽然高温焚烧能有效地去除药物中残留的成分,但能耗较高,同时也会造成资源的极大浪费;填埋法则会使有害的残留物质渗入环境,对生态环境造成威胁。众所周知,药物过期后不能被继续用于临床医疗,但其中所蕴含的非医疗功能仍具有开发价值。除了焚烧和填埋,降级利用其非医疗价值非常具有环保意义。如已经有学者研究了过期药物氨基酸注射液作为叶面肥的田间使用效果,结果表明农作物产量明显增加,表明了过期氨基酸注射液在农业生产领域降级使用的良好前景(陆若晖等,浙江农业科学 2007, 1, 21-23);此外,也有学者基于竞争吸附机制,将过期药物如雷尼替丁、卡马西平和对乙酰氨基酚等用作金属缓蚀剂,抗蚀效果明显,表明了这些过期药品在金属防腐蚀领域的新应用(Hameed, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 2011, 29 (4), 273-285;Vaszilcsin et al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2012, 431 (1), 241-244)。然而,到目前为止,还没有过期药品在锂离子电池中的循环再利用研究报道。
茶碱是一种生物碱,主要用于哮喘或震颤等疾病的治疗。由于茶碱较低的水溶性,常与乙二胺以2:1的摩尔比混合提升其水溶性。同时,在生产过程中往往加入少量的Na2HPO4以提高药品的稳定性。茶碱分子结构中包含一个嘧啶环和一个咪唑环,嘧啶环上连有甲基和羰基,其中羰基是一种常见的储能官能团(Schon et al., Chemical Society Reviews2016, 45 (22), 6345-6404),如附图1所示。迄今为止,已知茶碱类药物及其衍生物有300多种,临床上较为常用的有氨茶碱、二羟丙茶碱、胆茶碱和茶碱乙醇胺等,然而尚未见到将过期茶碱类药品用于锂离子电池的相关报道。
发明内容
为了实现对过期药品的无害化处理及资源化利用,本发明旨在开发利用过期茶碱类药品中的非医疗价值,提出对过期茶碱类药品的回收再利用方法,实现了过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用。
所述过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用,是将过期茶碱类药品降级用作锂离子电池负极活性材料,更具体的是将回收所得的过期茶碱类药品充分研磨成均匀粉末,直接与导电剂、粘结剂在有机溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮中调配成电极浆液,然后涂敷在铁箔集流体上制备成电极,以锂箔作为对电极组装成锂离子电池,并采用恒流充/放电法测试其电化学储锂性能。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明旨在开发过期废药的非医疗价值,将过期茶碱类药品进行回收再利用,即将过期茶碱类药品降级用作锂离子电池负极活性材料,不仅避免有用资源的浪费,而且变废为宝,同时缓解对废弃药品不当处理而导致的环境污染问题,具有重要的社会环保意义。
附图说明
图1为茶碱的化学结构式;
图2为实施例1制备的过期茶碱类药品粉末的SEM图;
图3为实施例1制备的过期茶碱类药品粉末的EDX图;
图4为实施例1制备的锂离子电池的充/放电曲线图;
图5为实施例1制备的锂离子电池的倍率性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
过期茶碱类药品(氨茶碱)在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用,具体步骤如下:
(1)将收集的过期氨茶碱药品经充分研磨后,利用扫描电镜观察其微观形貌,如图2所示,由图2可知,研磨后的过期氨茶碱药品粉末由许多粒径为2.59 μm以下的微粒组成,其中一些颗粒的粒径仅为几百纳米,这种多级尺寸的结构有利于电解液与电极活性材料的充分接触以及Li+在活性物中的扩散传输;同时,采用X射线能谱仪检测其化学元素组成(EDX),其结果如图3所示,由图3可知,样品中主要含C、N、O三种元素,与茶碱化学结构中的主要元素一一对应,同时检测到微量Na与P元素,主要来自于药品中作为稳定剂的Na2HPO4;
(2)将步骤(1)研磨成的过期氨茶碱粉末,直接与导电剂、粘结剂在有机溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮中调配成电极浆液,然后涂敷在铁箔集流体上制备成电极,以锂箔为对电极,在充满高纯氩气的手套箱中组装成锂离子电池。
性能检测:
(1)在50mA/g的电流密度下以恒流充放电的方法对其进行电化学性能测试,其充放电曲线如图4所示,由图4可知,首圈放电比容量为247.9mAh/g,在第2圈下降至210.1mAh/g,随后逐渐上升,经过200圈循环后,可逆放电比容量为268.8mAh/g,表现了良好的循环稳定性。
(2) 在不同电流密度下测试其倍率性能,结果如图5所示,由图5可知,随着电流密度的上升,受反应动力学影响,电极的可逆放电比容量出现台阶式下降,但是在同一个电流密度下仍能保持稳定,在电流密度为50mA/g、100mA/g、200mA/g、400mA/g、800mA/g和1600mA/g时的放电比容量分别约为240mAh/g,220mAh/g,200mAh/g,170mAh/g,130mAh/g和95mAh/g,当电流密度重新设置到50mA/g后,可逆放电容量也快速回升到250mAh/g左右,表明了电极材料可以耐受较大的电流变化。
按照实施例1的方法,将氨茶碱替换为其他茶碱类药品如二羟丙茶碱、胆茶碱和茶碱乙醇胺等,制备成锂离子电池,均表现出良好的电化学储锂性能,说明过期茶碱类药品在锂离子电池中具有很好的应用前景。
Claims (1)
1.过期茶碱类药品在作为锂离子电池负极材料中的应用。
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JIHYUN HONG ET AL.: ""Biologically inspired pteridine redox centres for rechargeable batteries"", 《NATURE COMMUNICATIONS》 * |
邹崴等: ""锂离子电池负极材料对苯二甲酸的电化学性能"", 《中国化学会第29届学术年会摘要集-第24分会:化学电源》 * |
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