CN108793307A - 一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法 - Google Patents

一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法 Download PDF

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CN108793307A
CN108793307A CN201810710859.XA CN201810710859A CN108793307A CN 108793307 A CN108793307 A CN 108793307A CN 201810710859 A CN201810710859 A CN 201810710859A CN 108793307 A CN108793307 A CN 108793307A
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舒黎幼
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Sharp Bio Tech Ltd Suzhou One Hundred
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016Particle form
    • B01J20/28021Hollow particles, e.g. hollow spheres, microspheres or cenospheres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62Heavy metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,步骤包括:(1)石墨烯微球的制备;(2)利用石墨烯微球从废水中吸附铅离子,吸附后铅离子的洗脱;(3)测试铅离子的吸附量和再生能力。该方法简单、高效、可反复使用,适用于规模化检测和去除废水中的金属铅离子。

Description

一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法
技术领域
本发明属于环境化学的应用领域,特别涉及废水中重金属离子的去除方法。
背景技术
石墨烯作为一种碳质新材料,自从被发现以来,由于其独特的二维单原子层结构,受到了人们的广泛关注。由于石墨烯具有大的比表面积和大的π共轭结构,使其有作为高吸附容量吸附剂的潜力,可应用于吸附废水中的重金属离子。但是片层石墨烯在固态时容易发生堆叠,且在溶液中易于团聚,这不仅使其溶液稳定性降低,同时也减小了其有效比表面积,降低了其吸附容量。同时,由于片层石墨烯大小不一,尽管在高速离心下,小片层的石墨烯也很难从溶液中分离出来,这样就造成了其作为吸附剂的应用障碍。与之相比,石墨烯微球具有更好的抗压性和抗团聚性,但是仍然保留了其比表面积大的优势,更适合作为吸附剂的使用。
随着工业的快速发展,重金属离子污染已经严重影响到人类社会生存和发展而成为世界关注的热点问题。重金属铅离子主要通过食物链的积累影响中枢神经并通过血液循环影响人体重要器官的新陈代谢,严重威胁到生态环境和人类健康。传统的处理方法主要有离子交换法、沉淀法和电解法等,但是这些方法成本高,操作复杂且往往会引起二次污染,难以达到满意的效果。而吸附法相对于这些方法具有成本低、操作简单、可循环利用以及不易造成二次污染等优点,从而被广泛应用于含铅废水的处理。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,该方法以石墨烯微球作为吸附剂,采用静态吸附的方法,耗时较少,能够快速、高剂量的从废水中吸附重金属铅离子;本发明所使用的原材料价格低廉,所制得的石墨烯微球具有较好的抗压性和抗团聚性,且比表面积较大,具有后续相关应用的潜力。
本发明的一种吸附剂吸附废水中重金属铅离子的方法,包括:
(1)将氧化石墨烯溶解于水中,用超声雾化器将溶液雾化,然后通过管式炉,并用聚四氟乙烯PTFE滤膜收集,干燥,即得石墨烯微球吸附剂;
(2)将石墨烯微球加入到一定浓度的含铅废水中,在室温,一定转速及一定pH值的条件下,反应一定时间,然后将溶液在室温、一定转速的条件下,进行离心,并用紫外分光光度计测试离心后的上清液的吸光度,用于计算吸附剂对铅离子的吸附容量。
所述步骤(1)中氧化石墨烯溶液的质量浓度为7-10 wt.%。
所述步骤(1)中超声雾化过程中超声波频率为1.0~2.0 MHz。
所述步骤(1)中管式炉的温度为350~450 ℃。
所述步骤(1)中收集采用的PTFE滤膜的孔径为0.20~0.45 μm。
所述步骤(1)中室温下干燥时间为8~15 h。
所述步骤(2)中铅离子溶液浓度为10~1000 mg/L。
所述步骤(2)中转速为50~150 rpm。
所述步骤(2)中溶液的pH值为4-8,反应时间为0~300 min。
所述步骤(2)中离心转速为8000~12000 rpm,离心时间为3~8 min。
有益效果
(1)本发明利用超声雾化法制备的石墨烯微球,操作简单,易于工业放大;
(2)本发明的石墨烯微球具有抗压性和抗团聚性,且具有较大的比表面积和较好的吸附性能,能够快速、高剂量的从废水中吸附重金属铅离子。
附图说明
图1 为吸附时间对铅离子吸附量的影响;
图2为石墨烯微球吸附剂对铅离子的吸附等温线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
石墨烯微球吸附剂的制备,包括如下步骤:
向氧化石墨烯中加入超纯水,配制质量浓度为8 wt.%的氧化石墨烯溶液,将溶液置于连接有管式炉的超声雾化器内,超声波频率为1.5MHz。使其雾化成气溶胶液滴,在N2和抽滤真空泵驱动下缓慢通过加热到400℃的管式炉,末端用0.22 um PTFE滤膜收集。室温下干燥8 h,即得石墨烯微球吸附剂,本发明制备的石墨烯微球粒径在5 um左右。
实施例2
不同时间下石墨烯微球吸附剂对铅离子的吸附实验,包括如下步骤
用电子天平准确称取10 mg石墨烯微球吸附剂,加入到20 mL的浓度为400 mg/L的铅离子溶液中。在室温、100 rpm及pH=5.0的条件下,吸附不同的时间,并用紫外分光光度计测试其吸光度在吸附前后的变化,根据下式计算吸附剂在不同时间下的吸附量。
q(t)=(C0-Ct)V/m
式中,q(t)表示t时刻的吸附量(mg/g);C0、Ct分别表示初始溶液中铅离子浓度(mg/L),在t时刻溶液中铅离子浓度(mg/L),以及吸附后溶液中铅离子浓度(mg/L);V和m分别表示铅离子溶液的体积(L)和吸附剂的质量(g)。
不同时间下石墨烯球对铅离子的吸附量的影响见图1。从图1可见,石墨烯微球吸附剂对铅离子的吸附速度非常快,5分钟就达到吸附量饱和值的60%以上,说明本发明的吸附剂是一种高效、快速的吸附剂。
实施例3
吸附等温线的测试,包括如下步骤:
用电子天平准确称取10 mg石墨烯微球吸附剂,加入到20 mL的浓度范围为40-800 mg/L的铅离子溶液中。在室温、100 rpm及pH=5.0的条件下,吸附120 min,并用紫外分光光度计测试其吸光度在吸附前后的变化,以此计算各溶液中残留的铅离子的浓度,绘制吸附等温线,测试石墨烯微球的最大吸附量,见图2。从图中可以看出,吸附剂的吸附量随着溶液中铅离子浓度的增大而增大,直至吸附达到平衡。当铅离子浓度较低时,吸附剂的吸附量较少,这可能是因为在低浓度下,吸附剂上的吸附位点未被充分利用;而随着铅离子浓度的增加,吸附剂上非饱和状态的吸附位点继续和铅离子结合,从而使吸附量增大,直至吸附达到平衡。从图中我们还可以看出,吸附剂对铅离子的最大饱和吸附量为280.6 mg/g,说明本发明的吸附剂是这一种吸附容量大、高效的重金属离子吸附剂。

Claims (6)

1.一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1) 将氧化石墨烯溶解于水中,用超声雾化器将溶液雾化,然后通过管式炉,并用聚四氟乙烯滤膜收集,干燥,即得石墨烯微球吸附剂;
(2)将一定量的步骤(1)中制备的石墨烯微球加入到一定浓度的含铅废水中,在室温及一定pH值的条件下,反应一定时间,然后离心,测试吸附前后铅离子的浓度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中所述的氧化石墨烯溶液质量浓度为7-10 wt.%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中石墨烯微球的质量为5-15 mg。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中铅离子溶液浓度为为100~200 mg/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中溶液的pH值为4~8,反应时间为0~300 min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种去除废水中金属铅离子的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中离心转速为8000~12000 rpm,离心时间为3~8 min。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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WO2012170086A1 (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-12-13 William Marsh Rice University Sorption and separation of various materials by graphene oxides
CN106083224A (zh) * 2016-06-21 2016-11-09 天津师范大学 采用碳纳米材料调控堆肥浸提液重金属吸附的方法
CN107200375A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2017-09-26 苏州佰锐生物科技有限公司 一种高效去除废水中金属铜离子的方法

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