CN108790157B - Double-nozzle rapid forming system for environment-sensitive functionally-graded material - Google Patents

Double-nozzle rapid forming system for environment-sensitive functionally-graded material Download PDF

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CN108790157B
CN108790157B CN201810511972.5A CN201810511972A CN108790157B CN 108790157 B CN108790157 B CN 108790157B CN 201810511972 A CN201810511972 A CN 201810511972A CN 108790157 B CN108790157 B CN 108790157B
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nozzle
axis guide
printing
feeding
mixture
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CN108790157A (en
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林森
马国伟
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Hebei University of Technology
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/314—Preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-nozzle rapid forming system for an environment-sensitive functional gradient material, which comprises a control unit, a printing platform, a square frame rack and two nozzle units, wherein the control unit is used for controlling the printing platform to print the environment-sensitive functional gradient material; each spray head unit comprises a feeding mixing mechanism, a heating mechanism and an extruding mechanism: the feeding and mixing mechanism comprises a feeding hopper, a toner box, a powder blowing machine, a feeding partition plate, a feeding pipe and a stirring and conveying screw rod, wherein the toner box is installed on the side wall of the feeding hopper, and the side of a discharging opening of the toner box is communicated with the inside of the feeding hopper; the powder blower is opposite to the air inlet of the toner box; the heating mechanism comprises a heating chamber, a discharge pipe, a temperature sensor and a heater wound outside the heating chamber, and is arranged in the feed hopper and below the toner box; the system can print an intelligent structure which is mixed, melted and extruded and has a temperature expansion gradient, and effectively solves the problems of high raw material requirement, high forming precision and the like in the manufacturing process of 3D printing environment sensitive functional gradient materials.

Description

Double-nozzle rapid forming system for environment-sensitive functionally-graded material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-nozzle rapid molding system for an environment-sensitive functionally-graded material.
Background
The 3D printing technology is one of the rapid prototyping technologies, and materials are not required to be removed by tools such as a traditional cutter and a grinding tool, but the digitized and dispersed materials are gradually superposed and molded. In recent years, 3D printing technology has been widely concerned by various countries and countries, and relevant people and research institutions have begun to make development plans of 3D printing technology and have developed corresponding research works. Fused deposition modeling is the most viable of 3D printing technologies and the fastest growing rapid prototyping technology. The fused deposition modeling process is that the model is divided into a plurality of layers, the scanning path of each layer is planned according to the cross section shape of the model on each layer, and then the layer is printed layer by layer until the whole model is completed. The fused deposition modeling machine has the advantages of small volume of modeling equipment, low modeling cost, high modeling speed, high reliability of a matching system, low noise in the modeling process, rich colors of workpieces, diversified modeling raw materials and the like, and has a very wide market. With the continuous and deep research, the stage of manufacturing the relevant model by using the rapid prototyping technology cannot meet the requirements of people on the technology development, so that the improvement of the material uniformity of the part and the special functionality such as spontaneous deformation become the inevitable trend of the 3D printing technology in the aspects of future development and use.
As is well known, thermoplasticity is the most basic property for fused deposition modeling of printing materials, and is limited by the limitations of printers, and the selection of materials is limited to a single raw material such as ABS resin, PLA (polylactic acid), etc. Furthermore, due to the limitation of miniaturization of common 3D printer heads, the materials used typically need to be pre-processed into coiled wire, which in turn is limited in thickness and length by the melting and stepping system inside the printer head. And the material uniformity for the wire will affect the quality of the printed pattern. This severely limited the design of smart structures and smart materials.
However, existing melt-extruded materials have limited choices, and 3D printing devices that combine traditional thermoplastic and environmentally sensitive composite materials have not been available. And for the characteristics of layering or zoning of intelligent structures, it is necessary to use materials of different properties to make the various parts of the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to design a dual-nozzle melt extrusion type rapid prototyping system for the environmentally sensitive functionally graded material.
Disclosure of Invention
The 3D printing apparatus generally uses a single PLA, ABS wire as a manufacturing material, and the raw material for the composite material, especially the granular material, needs to be pre-processed into a wire, and the design requirement of the environmentally sensitive structure cannot be met by using a single material. In order to further improve the understanding of the mechanical and physical properties of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure, the invention aims to provide a double-nozzle rapid forming system for an environment-sensitive functional gradient material. The system can print an intelligent structure which takes an environment sensitive material as a main material and a thermoplastic material as an auxiliary material and is mixed, melted and extruded and has a temperature expansion gradient, and the problems of high raw material requirement, high forming precision and the like in the manufacturing process of the 3D printing environment sensitive functional gradient material are effectively solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a double-nozzle rapid forming system for environment-sensitive functional gradient materials comprises a control unit, a printing platform and a square frame rack, and is characterized by further comprising two nozzle units, wherein the two nozzle units are fixed above the printing platform side by side, and the printing platform and the two nozzle units are fixed on the square frame rack; each spray head unit comprises a feeding mixing mechanism, a heating mechanism and an extruding mechanism:
the feeding and mixing mechanism comprises a feeding hopper, a toner box, a powder blowing machine, a feeding partition plate, a feeding pipe and a stirring and conveying screw rod, the lower part of the feeding hopper is funnel-shaped, the upper part of the feeding hopper is cylindrical, the toner box is arranged on the cylindrical side wall of the upper part, and the side of a discharging opening of the toner box is communicated with the inside of the feeding hopper; the powder blower is opposite to the air inlet of the toner box; the powder blower and the toner box are arranged on the side wall of the feed hopper in a centralized manner; a feeding partition plate which can be opened and closed is arranged in the feeding hopper and below the toner box; the lower end of the feed hopper is connected with a vertically arranged feed pipe, and a stirring and conveying screw rod is arranged in the feed hopper and the feed pipe which are positioned below the feed partition plate;
the heating mechanism comprises a heating chamber, a discharge pipe, a temperature sensor and a heater wound outside the heating chamber, the upper end of the heating chamber is communicated with the feed pipe, the lower part of the stirring and conveying screw rod extends into the bottom end of the heating chamber, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the side wall inside the heating chamber; the outlet at the bottom of the heating chamber is horizontally connected with a discharge pipe;
the extrusion mechanism comprises a storage bin, a pressure sensor, an extrusion screw and a nozzle, wherein the pressure sensor, the extrusion screw and the nozzle are installed inside the storage bin;
the upper surface of the square frame rack is provided with an X-axis guide rail and a Y-axis guide rail which are used for controlling the horizontal movement of the nozzle, the two X-axis guide rails are arranged on two edges of the upper surface of the square frame rack in parallel, X sliding blocks are arranged on the two X-axis guide rails, two ends of the lower surface of the Y-axis guide rail are respectively connected with the two X sliding blocks on the two X-axis guide rails, the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail are mutually vertical, the side surface of the Y-axis guide rail is provided with the Y sliding block, and the Y sliding block is; the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail are respectively provided with a lead screw mechanism, and the X slide block and the Y slide block are connected to the corresponding lead screw mechanisms;
two Z-axis guide rails are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side surfaces of the square frame rack, a Z sliding block is arranged on each Z-axis guide rail, a screw rod and screw rod mechanism is arranged on one Z-axis guide rail, and the Z sliding blocks on the Z-axis guide rails provided with the screw rod and screw rod mechanisms are connected with the screw rod and screw rod mechanisms; the four Z-shaped sliding blocks are connected with the side face of the printing platform through springs, and the printing platform is located below the two spray head units and inside the square frame rack; the lower surface of the printing platform is connected with a heating device;
each lead screw mechanism is connected with a driving motor; the control unit is respectively and electrically connected with the three driving motors, the pressure sensor, the heater, the temperature sensor, the feeding partition panel, the powder blower, the stirring and conveying screw, the extrusion screw and the heating device on the lower surface of the printing platform.
A3D printing forming method of an environment-sensitive functionally-graded material uses the forming system and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) designing a three-dimensional model of an environment-sensitive intelligent structure;
2) setting the components and the quality of raw materials required by printing each layer according to the size and the components of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure, supposing that n mixtures with material ratios are required for printing the intelligent structure, wherein n is an integer and is not less than 1; slicing and layering, designing a printing path to obtain two-dimensional printing graphs of each layer, setting a printing program, and inputting a Gcode file;
3) mixing an environment-sensitive material and a thermoplastic material in a granular state or a powder state according to a certain material ratio to obtain a mixture A, and filling the mixture A into a feed hopper; the other feed hopper is filled with a mixture B with a material ratio different from that of the mixture A; the toner box of each nozzle unit is filled with toners of different colors, and the toners are blown into corresponding mixed materials by a powder blowing machine;
4) the mixture A is conveyed into a heating chamber through a stirring conveying screw rod 5, and is extruded out through a corresponding nozzle after being heated and melted in the heating chamber, so that the printing of a layer of two-dimensional graph is completed; at the moment, the mixture B is not fed;
5) adjusting the height of a printing platform 20 through a Z-axis guide rail 19, fully mixing the mixture B, heating and melting the mixture B, extruding the mixture B through another nozzle, and enabling the nozzle and the upper surface of the printed layer in the step 4) to be on the same horizontal plane to print a next two-dimensional graph; at the moment, the mixture A is not fed;
6) if the material ratio changes next time, changing the mixture in the unused nozzle unit, adjusting the height of the printing platform, and continuing to print after the step 5);
7) repeating the processes of the step 4), the step 5) and the step 6) until the printing of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure is completed; from the beginning of the step 4) to the end of the step 7), controlling the temperature of the printing platform 20 to be maintained at 50-55 ℃ through a heating device;
8) and removing redundant materials in the two feed hoppers, and taking out the model after the model is fully cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the forming system adopts the double feed hoppers and the double nozzles to print different parts of the structure respectively, can optimize the mechanical property of the structure and realize the functional gradient of the material. A powder blower and a controllable amount of toner doping device are adopted to print structural areas of different colors so as to distinguish the functional gradient of the structure.
2. According to the forming system, the filter screen is arranged at the discharge port, the mixed raw materials are fully dissolved and then stored in the storage bin through the filter screen, so that defects of a printing structure caused by the fact that the materials are not melted can be effectively prevented, and the nozzle can be prevented from being blocked.
3. In the forming system, the feed hopper is movably connected with the feed inlet, such as in threaded connection, so that mixtures with various proportions can be provided by replacing the feed hopper, composite materials with various properties can be printed, and the intelligent structure is more complex.
The forming method is very flexible in material component preparation, and can realize mixing and 3D printing forming of various raw materials and various proportions of environment-sensitive functionally-graded materials with various particle sizes. On the premise of ensuring the molding quality and not blocking the nozzle, the mass proportion of the network hydrogel in the environment-sensitive functional gradient material can reach 2.5 percent at most, so that the structure can realize better environment-sensitive functional gradient effect.
5. The intelligent structure printed and formed by the system does not need to be prefabricated into wires from raw materials, so that the time of the wire manufacturing process is reduced, and the whole manufacturing process is shortened by 40%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nozzle unit of a dual nozzle rapid prototyping system for environmentally sensitive functionally graded materials in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dual-nozzle rapid prototyping system for environmental sensitive functionally gradient materials of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a feed spacer plate according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a feed hopper, 2, a feed partition plate, 3, a powder blower, 4, a toner box, 5, a stirring and conveying screw, 6, a feed pipe, 7, a temperature sensor, 8, a heater, 9, a heating chamber, 10, a discharge pipe, 11, an extrusion screw, 12, a pressure sensor, 13, a nozzle, 14, a storage bin, 15, an X-axis guide rail, 16, a Y-axis guide rail, 17, a control unit, 18, a driving motor, 19, a Z-axis guide rail, 20, a printing platform and 21, a box frame.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a double-nozzle rapid forming system (a forming system for short, see fig. 1-2) for an environment-sensitive functional gradient material, which comprises a control unit, a printing platform, a square frame rack 21 and two nozzle units, wherein the two nozzle units are fixed above the printing platform side by side, the printing platform and the two nozzle units are both fixed on the square frame rack, and the control unit is used for controlling the printing platform to move up and down and can control the two nozzle units to perform actions such as feeding, heating, extrusion forming and the like; each spray head unit comprises a feeding mixing mechanism, a heating mechanism and an extruding mechanism:
the feeding and mixing mechanism comprises a feeding hopper 1, a toner box 4, a powder blowing machine 3, a feeding pipe 6 and a stirring and conveying screw rod 5, the lower part of the feeding hopper 1 is funnel-shaped, the upper part of the feeding hopper 1 is cylindrical, a feeding hole of the feeding hopper 1 is arranged upwards, the toner box 4 is arranged on the cylindrical side wall of the upper part, and the discharging hole side of the toner box is communicated with the inside of the feeding hopper; the powder blower 3 is opposite to the air inlet of the toner box 4; the powder blower 3 and the toner box 4 are arranged on the side wall of the feed hopper in a centralized way; the toner box 4 is horizontally placed, the powder blower 3 is horizontally placed on the outer side of the toner box 4, and the powder blower 3 is not connected with the toner box 4; the feeding partition plate 2 capable of being opened and closed is arranged in the feeding hopper and below the toner box, the feeding partition plate is opened, materials enter the feeding pipe, and if the feeding partition plate is closed, the materials are stopped to be conveyed; the lower end of the feed hopper is connected with a vertically arranged feed pipe 6, a stirring and conveying screw rod 5 is arranged in the feed hopper and the feed pipe which are positioned below the feed partition plate, and the stirring and conveying screw rod 5 is in a spiral column shape and is vertically arranged;
the heating mechanism comprises a heating chamber 9, a discharge pipe 10, a temperature sensor 7 and a heater 8 wound outside the heating chamber 9, the upper end of the heating chamber 9 is communicated with a feed pipe 6, the lower part of the stirring and conveying screw rod 5 extends into the bottom end inside the heating chamber 9, and the temperature sensor 7 is arranged on the side wall inside the heating chamber 9; the heater 8 is annularly wound on the outer wall of the heating chamber 9, and the outlet at the bottom of the heating chamber is horizontally connected with a discharge pipe 10;
the extrusion mechanism comprises a storage bin 14, a pressure sensor 12 installed inside the storage bin 14, an extrusion screw rod 11 and a nozzle 13, wherein the vertical extrusion screw rod 11 is arranged inside the storage bin 14, the lower end of the storage bin is connected with the nozzle 13, the extrusion screw rod 11 is in a spiral column shape, the upper end of the extrusion screw rod 11 is fixed with the top of the storage bin 14, and the length of the extrusion screw rod is matched with the height of the storage bin and cannot extend into the nozzle 13;
the upper surface of the square frame 21 is provided with an X-axis guide rail 15 and a Y-axis guide rail 16 for controlling the horizontal movement of the nozzle, the two X-axis guide rails 15 are arranged at two edges of the upper surface of the square frame in parallel, X sliding blocks are arranged on the two X-axis guide rails 15, two ends of the lower surface of the Y-axis guide rail 16 are respectively connected with the two X sliding blocks on the two X-axis guide rails 15, the X-axis guide rail 15 and the Y-axis guide rail 16 are mutually vertical, the side surface of the Y-axis guide rail 16 is provided with the Y sliding block, and the Y sliding block is connected with the feeding pipes; the X-axis guide rail 15 and the Y-axis guide rail 16 are respectively provided with a lead screw mechanism, and the X slide block and the Y slide block are connected to the corresponding lead screw mechanisms;
two Z-axis guide rails 19 are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side surfaces of the square frame rack, a Z slider is arranged on each Z-axis guide rail, a screw rod and screw rod mechanism is arranged on one Z-axis guide rail, and the Z slider on the Z-axis guide rail provided with the screw rod and screw rod mechanism is connected with the screw rod and screw rod mechanism; the four Z sliders are connected with the side face of the printing platform 20 through springs, and the printing platform is located below the two spray head units and inside the square frame rack; the lower surface of the printing platform is connected with a heating device;
each screw rod screw mechanism is connected with a driving motor 18; the driving motor drives the corresponding screw rod mechanism to act, so that the corresponding slide block is driven to act, and finally, the movement of the two spray head units in the horizontal plane and the up-and-down movement of the printing platform are realized;
the control unit 17 comprises a numerical control system and a control screen for controlling the whole printer to work, and is electrically connected with the three driving motors, the pressure sensor 12, the heater 8, the temperature sensor 7, the feeding partition plate 2, the powder blowing machine 3, the stirring and conveying screw rod 5, the extrusion screw rod 11 and the heating device on the lower surface of the printing platform respectively. Numerical control system and control panel are all adopting prior art in this application.
The forming system of the invention is further characterized in that the feeding partition plate 2 is horizontally arranged at the joint of the cylindrical part and the funnel-shaped part inside the feeding hopper 1; the pressure sensor 12 is placed on the sidewall of the storage bin 14 and is attached to the bottom of the storage bin 14. The feeding partition plate 2 comprises an electromagnetic control rotating shaft and a plurality of fan-shaped rotating plates (see figure 3), the fan-shaped rotating plates integrally form a circle, the diameter of the circle is matched with the inner diameter of the feeding hopper, and the fan-shaped rotating plates can be opened or closed under the action of the rotating shaft, so that feeding and non-feeding control is realized.
The forming system is further characterized in that the outer walls of the heating chambers of the two nozzle units are connected together through a connecting rod, and the feed hopper is movably connected with the feed pipe; when the raw materials that supply are of a great variety, can realize the printing of multilayer functional gradient material through changing different feeder hoppers.
Preferably, the discharge pipe 10 is separated from the storage bin 14 by a sieve to filter impurities that are not sufficiently melted.
Preferably, the nozzle 13 is screwed into the storage compartment 14, so that nozzles of different diameters can be exchanged.
Preferably, the shape of the nozzle is round, square or strip shape, and materials with different shapes can be extruded to adapt to different structural requirements.
Preferably, the heating device connected to the lower surface of the printing platform 20 is a heating copper plate, a high borosilicate glass plate is laid on the printing platform, a leveling display meter is arranged on the glass plate, and the leveling degree is indicated by air bubbles inside a dial of the leveling display meter on the glass plate.
Preferably, the square frame is formed by welding aluminum square hollow rods.
The invention also discloses a 3D printing forming method of the environment-sensitive functional gradient material, which uses the forming system and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) designing a three-dimensional model of an environment-sensitive intelligent structure;
2) setting the components and the quality of raw materials required by printing each layer according to the size and the components of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure, supposing that n mixtures with material ratios are required for printing the intelligent structure, wherein n is an integer and is not less than 1; slicing and layering, designing a reasonable printing path to obtain two-dimensional printing graphs of each layer, setting a printing program and inputting a Gcode file;
3) mixing an environment-sensitive material and a thermoplastic material in a granular state or a powder state according to a certain material ratio to obtain a mixture A, and filling the mixture A into a feed hopper; the other feed hopper is filled with a mixture B with a material ratio different from that of the mixture A; the toner box of each nozzle unit is filled with toners of different colors, and the toners are blown into corresponding mixed materials by a powder blowing machine;
4) the mixture A is conveyed into a heating chamber through a stirring conveying screw rod 5, and is extruded out through a corresponding nozzle after being heated and melted in the heating chamber, so that the printing of a layer of two-dimensional graph is completed; at the moment, the mixture B is not fed;
5) adjusting the height of a printing platform 20 through a Z-axis guide rail 19, fully mixing the mixture B, heating and melting the mixture B, extruding the mixture B through another nozzle, and enabling the nozzle and the upper surface of the printed layer in the step 4) to be on the same horizontal plane to print a next two-dimensional graph; at the moment, the mixture A is not fed;
6) if the material ratio changes next time, changing the mixture in the unused nozzle unit, adjusting the height of the printing platform, and continuing to print after the step 5);
7) repeating the processes of the step 4), the step 5) and the step 6) until the printing of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure is completed; from the beginning of the step 4) to the end of the step 7), controlling the temperature of the printing platform 20 to be maintained at 50-55 ℃ through a heating device, and further ensuring the molding quality of the model;
8) and removing redundant materials in the two feed hoppers, and taking out the model after the model is fully cooled.
The method is further characterized in that the particle sizes of the environment-sensitive material and the thermoplastic material are 1-3 mm, so as to obtain a uniform molten product.
Preferably, the heating and melting temperature in the step 4) and the step 5) is 120-220 ℃.
The mass ratio of the network hydrogel in the mixture to the whole mixture is not more than 2.5%, namely the mass ratio of the environment-sensitive material/(the thermoplastic material + the environment-sensitive material) is 0-2.5%.
The environment-sensitive material in the invention refers to an environment-sensitive functional material capable of spontaneously bending according to the change of ambient temperature, such as network hydrogel and wood fiber, and the thermoplastic material is ABS, PLA, thermoplastic polyurethane and the like. The environment-sensitive material is used as a main material in the mixture, the thermoplastic polyurethane is used as an auxiliary material, and the environment-sensitive material has a main function although the amount of the environment-sensitive material is small.
Example 1
The embodiment is a double-nozzle rapid forming system for an environment-sensitive functional gradient material, and the system comprises a control unit, a printing platform, a square frame rack 21 and two nozzle units, wherein the two nozzle units are fixed above the printing platform side by side, the printing platform and the two nozzle units are fixed on the square frame rack, and the control unit is used for controlling the printing platform to move up and down and controlling the two nozzle units to perform actions such as feeding, heating, extrusion forming and the like; each spray head unit comprises a feeding mixing mechanism, a heating mechanism and an extruding mechanism:
the feeding and mixing mechanism comprises a feeding hopper 1, a toner box 4 connected to the feeding hopper 1, a powder blowing machine 3, a feeding partition plate 2, a feeding pipe 6 and a stirring and conveying screw rod 5. Feeder hopper 1 is the cylindrical vertical hopper groove that runs through that high 20cm, radius are 10cm, 1 upper portion level intercommunication of toner box 4 and feeder hopper, feeder hopper 1 and 6 vertical intercommunications of inlet pipe, 6 length 10cm of inlet pipe, the radius is 3 cm.
The heating mechanism comprises a discharge pipe 10, a heating chamber 9, a heater 8 and a temperature sensor 7. The heater 9 melts the material and the stirring and conveying screw 5 (length 30cm) pushes the molten material to advance, the temperature sensor 7 is used for detecting the temperature of the material in the heating chamber 9 (a square box with the length of 15cm, the width of 15cm and the height of 10 cm), and the molten material is conveyed to the storage bin 14 through the discharge pipe 10 (a square pipeline with the length of 5cm, the width of 3 cm).
The extrusion mechanism comprises a storage bin 14, a pressure sensor 12, an extrusion screw 11 and a nozzle 13. The storage bin 14 (a square box with the length, the width and the height of 10cm and 8 cm) is connected with the discharge pipe 10 and used for storing materials in a molten state. The pressure sensor 12 is provided on an inner wall of the storage bin 14 to detect an internal pressure of the storage bin 14. The extrusion screw 11 is controlled in material extrusion speed by a control unit 17. The nozzle 13 (with an extrusion opening diameter of 1mm) is disposed below the storage bin 14 and communicates with the storage bin 14.
The two spray head units are fixed together through a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the side wall of the heating chamber of one spray head unit, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the opposite side wall of the heating chamber of the other spray head unit.
The upper surface of the square frame 21 is provided with an X-axis guide rail 15 and a Y-axis guide rail 16 for controlling the horizontal movement of the nozzle, the two X-axis guide rails 15 are arranged at two edges of the upper surface of the square frame in parallel, X sliding blocks are arranged on the two X-axis guide rails 15, two ends of the lower surface of the Y-axis guide rail 16 are respectively connected with the two X sliding blocks on the two X-axis guide rails 15, the X-axis guide rail 15 and the Y-axis guide rail 16 are mutually vertical, a Y sliding block is arranged on the side surface of the Y-axis guide rail 16, and the Y sliding block is connected with the middle parts of the feeding; the X-axis guide rail 15 and the Y-axis guide rail 16 are respectively provided with a lead screw mechanism, and the X slide block and the Y slide block are connected to the corresponding lead screw mechanisms;
two Z-axis guide rails 19 with the height of 1m are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side surfaces of the square frame rack, each Z-axis guide rail is provided with a Z slider, a screw rod and screw rod mechanism is arranged on one Z-axis guide rail, and the Z slider on the Z-axis guide rail provided with the screw rod and screw rod mechanism is connected with the screw rod and screw rod mechanism; the four Z sliders are connected with the side face of the printing platform 20 through springs, and the printing platform is located below the two spray head units and inside the square frame rack; the lower surface of the printing platform is connected with a heating device;
the square frame 21 is a cubic frame composed of 12 square rods with one meter, the X-axis guide rails 15 are two rods with 1 meter, and are respectively horizontally placed on the supports at two sides of the top of the square frame 21, the direction of the X-axis guide rails is vertical to the left and right movement direction of the spray head in the figure 2, the Y-axis guide rails 16 can horizontally move on the X-axis guide rails 15, the direction of the Y-axis guide rails is vertical to the X-axis guide rails,
each screw rod screw mechanism is connected with a driving motor 18; the driving motor drives the corresponding screw rod mechanism to act, so that the corresponding slide block is driven to act, and finally, the movement of the two spray head units in the horizontal plane and the up-and-down movement of the printing platform are realized;
the printing platform 20 comprises a glass plate, a heating copper plate and a spring. The heating copper plate is connected with the heating resistor, the temperature can be accurately controlled, the upper part of the heating copper plate is fixedly connected with the glass plate, the side surface of the printing platform 20 is supported by four springs, and the level of the glass plate is ensured by adjusting the tightness of the springs.
The control unit 17 comprises a numerical control system and a control screen for controlling the whole printer to work, and is respectively and electrically connected with the three driving motors, the pressure sensor 12, the heater 8, the temperature sensor 7, the feeding partition plate 2, the powder blowing machine 3, the stirring and conveying screw rod 5, the extrusion screw rod 11 and the heating copper plate on the lower surface of the printing platform. The control unit 17 is arranged on one side of the square frame 21 and is connected with and controls the two spray head units, the 3 driving motors 18 and the printing platform to work through lines;
the size of the printing platform is 80cm multiplied by 80 cm. The particle size of the raw materials added into the feed hopper 1 is 1-3 mm.
In this embodiment, the process of the forming method of the present invention is described by taking printing an environmentally sensitive double-layer flat plate structure as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) firstly, establishing a three-dimensional model of an environment-sensitive double-layer flat plate structure in slicing software;
(2) setting the type, components and quality of raw materials required by each layer according to the size and components of the environment-sensitive double-layer flat plate structure, setting the bottom layer of the structure to be an environment-sensitive composite material, and printing by a nozzle 13; setting the upper layer of the structure to be an environment inert material, and printing by another nozzle 13; slicing and layering, designing a printing path to obtain two-dimensional printing graphs of each layer, setting a printing program according to the two-dimensional printing graphs, and inputting a Gcode file;
(3) mixing an environment-sensitive material (network hydrogel) and thermoplastic polyurethane to obtain a mixture A (the mass ratio of the network hydrogel to the mixture A is 1.0%), filling the mixture A into one feed hopper, and filling the mixture B into the other feed hopper 1; loading the red toner into one toner cartridge 4 and the green toner into the other toner cartridge 4; before the mixture enters the heating chamber, the corresponding powder blower blows corresponding toner;
(4) setting the printing temperature and the working speed of the nozzles 13, fully mixing the mixture A, heating and melting the mixture A, and extruding the mixture A out of one nozzle 13 to finish the printing of the environment-sensitive bottom layer structure; at the moment, the mixture B is not fed;
(5) the height of the printing platform 20 is adjusted through the Z-axis guide rail 19, the mixture B is heated and melted and then extruded out through the other nozzle 13, and the printing of the environment inert upper layer structure is completed; before the mixture B is extruded, the nozzle and the upper surface of the printed layer in the step 4) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and then printing is carried out; at the moment, the mixture A is not fed; and (5) in the printing process of the step (4) and the step (5), the temperature of the printing platform is kept at 52 ℃, so that the slippage of the extruded material on the printing platform can be effectively reduced, and the molding quality of the model is ensured.
(6) And removing redundant materials in the two feed hoppers 1, and taking out the model after the model is fully cooled.
The working temperature of the heating chamber 9 is 180 ℃.
The degree of leveling of print platform 20 is indicated by a bubble inside the leveling display dial on the glass plate.
The nozzle 13 is circular in shape. The square frame 21 is formed by welding aluminum square hollow rods.
The invention aims at the double-nozzle rapid forming system of environment sensitive functional gradient materials, the materials are not required to be processed into wires, the toner doping device is arranged in the feed hopper, the structure composed of different functional gradient materials can be obviously distinguished visually, the heating mechanism can fully melt the entered raw materials and store the melted raw materials in the storage bin, the defect of the printing structure caused by insufficient melting of the materials can be prevented, the nozzle blockage can also be prevented, the mass proportion of the network hydrogel in the environment sensitive functional gradient materials can reach 2.5 percent at most, the multilayer structure with more obvious bending deformation can be manufactured, the leveling indication meter is arranged on the printing platform, the leveling degree of the printing platform can be quantitatively indicated, high borosilicate glass is used as the upper surface of the printing platform, the stable working temperature of the platform can be ensured, the melted materials are fully fixed on the printing platform, the slippage is reduced, and the printing quality of the model is improved.
The foregoing is a partial example of the present invention, and based on the above description, it is clear that the relevant workers can make equivalent changes and modifications within the scope not departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and still fall into the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.

Claims (10)

1. A double-nozzle rapid forming system for environment-sensitive functional gradient materials comprises a control unit, a printing platform and a square frame rack, and is characterized by further comprising two nozzle units, wherein the two nozzle units are fixed above the printing platform side by side, and the printing platform and the two nozzle units are fixed on the square frame rack; each spray head unit comprises a feeding mixing mechanism, a heating mechanism and an extruding mechanism:
the feeding and mixing mechanism comprises a feeding hopper, a toner box, a powder blowing machine, a feeding partition plate, a feeding pipe and a stirring and conveying screw rod, the lower part of the feeding hopper is funnel-shaped, the upper part of the feeding hopper is cylindrical, the toner box is arranged on the cylindrical side wall of the upper part, and the side of a discharging opening of the toner box is communicated with the inside of the feeding hopper; the powder blower is opposite to the air inlet of the toner box; the powder blower and the toner box are arranged on the side wall of the feed hopper in a centralized manner; a feeding partition plate which can be opened and closed is arranged in the feeding hopper and below the toner box; the lower end of the feed hopper is connected with a vertically arranged feed pipe, and a stirring and conveying screw rod is arranged in the feed hopper and the feed pipe which are positioned below the feed partition plate;
the heating mechanism comprises a heating chamber, a discharge pipe, a temperature sensor and a heater wound outside the heating chamber, the upper end of the heating chamber is communicated with the feed pipe, the lower part of the stirring and conveying screw rod extends into the bottom end of the heating chamber, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the side wall inside the heating chamber; the outlet at the bottom of the heating chamber is horizontally connected with a discharge pipe;
the extrusion mechanism comprises a storage bin, a pressure sensor, an extrusion screw and a nozzle, wherein the pressure sensor, the extrusion screw and the nozzle are installed inside the storage bin;
the upper surface of the square frame rack is provided with an X-axis guide rail and a Y-axis guide rail which are used for controlling the horizontal movement of the nozzle, the two X-axis guide rails are arranged on two edges of the upper surface of the square frame rack in parallel, X sliding blocks are arranged on the two X-axis guide rails, two ends of the lower surface of the Y-axis guide rail are respectively connected with the two X sliding blocks on the two X-axis guide rails, the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail are mutually vertical, the side surface of the Y-axis guide rail is provided with the Y sliding block, and the Y sliding block is; the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail are respectively provided with a lead screw mechanism, and the X slide block and the Y slide block are connected to the corresponding lead screw mechanisms;
two Z-axis guide rails are respectively arranged on two symmetrical side surfaces of the square frame rack, a Z sliding block is arranged on each Z-axis guide rail, a screw rod and screw rod mechanism is arranged on one Z-axis guide rail, and the Z sliding blocks on the Z-axis guide rails provided with the screw rod and screw rod mechanisms are connected with the screw rod and screw rod mechanisms; the four Z-shaped sliding blocks are connected with the side face of the printing platform through springs, and the printing platform is located below the two spray head units and inside the square frame rack; the lower surface of the printing platform is connected with a heating device;
each lead screw mechanism is connected with a driving motor; the control unit is respectively and electrically connected with the three driving motors, the pressure sensor, the heater, the temperature sensor, the feeding partition panel, the powder blower, the stirring and conveying screw, the extrusion screw and the heating device on the lower surface of the printing platform.
2. The dual nozzle rapid prototyping system of claim 1 wherein the feed spacer is horizontally positioned at the junction of the cylindrical and funnel-shaped portions of the feed hopper interior; the pressure sensor is arranged on the side wall of the storage bin and is tightly attached to the bottom of the storage bin.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the feeding partition plate comprises a rotating electromagnetic control shaft and a plurality of fan-shaped rotating plates, and the fan-shaped rotating plates are integrally formed into a circle, and the diameter of the circle is matched with the inner diameter of the feeding hopper.
4. The dual nozzle rapid prototyping system of claim 1 wherein the outer walls of the heating chambers of the two nozzle units are connected together by a connecting rod, and the feed hopper is movably connected to the feed pipe.
5. The dual nozzle rapid prototyping system of claim 1 wherein said tapping pipe is separated from the storage bin by a screen.
6. The dual nozzle rapid prototyping system of claim 1 wherein the nozzle is threadably connected to the storage bin.
7. The dual-nozzle rapid prototyping system of claim 1 wherein the heating device connected to the lower surface of the print platform is a heating copper plate, a high borosilicate glass plate is laid on the print platform, and a leveling display is provided on the glass plate.
8. A3D printing molding method of an environment-sensitive functionally-graded material, which uses the molding system of any one of claims 1 to 7, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) designing a three-dimensional model of an environment-sensitive intelligent structure;
2) setting the components and the quality of raw materials required by printing each layer according to the size and the components of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure, supposing that n mixtures with material ratios are required for printing the intelligent structure, wherein n is an integer and is not less than 1; slicing and layering, designing a printing path to obtain two-dimensional printing graphs of each layer, setting a printing program, and inputting a Gcode file;
3) mixing an environment-sensitive material and a thermoplastic material in a granular state or a powder state according to a certain material ratio to obtain a mixture A, and filling the mixture A into a feed hopper; the other feed hopper is filled with a mixture B with a material ratio different from that of the mixture A; the toner box of each nozzle unit is filled with toners of different colors, and the toners are blown into corresponding mixed materials by a powder blowing machine;
4) the mixture A is conveyed into a heating chamber through a stirring conveying screw rod 5, and is extruded out through a corresponding nozzle after being heated and melted in the heating chamber, so that the printing of a layer of two-dimensional graph is completed; at the moment, the mixture B is not fed;
5) adjusting the height of a printing platform 20 through a Z-axis guide rail 19, fully mixing the mixture B, heating and melting the mixture B, extruding the mixture B through another nozzle, and enabling the nozzle and the upper surface of the printed layer in the step 4) to be on the same horizontal plane to print a next two-dimensional graph; at the moment, the mixture A is not fed;
6) if the material ratio changes next time, changing the mixture in the unused nozzle unit, adjusting the height of the printing platform, and continuing to print after the step 5);
7) repeating the processes of the step 4), the step 5) and the step 6) until the printing of the environment-sensitive intelligent structure is completed; from the beginning of the step 4) to the end of the step 7), controlling the temperature of the printing platform 20 to be maintained at 50-55 ℃ through a heating device;
8) and removing redundant materials in the two feed hoppers, and taking out the model after the model is fully cooled.
9. The molding method according to claim 8, wherein the particle size of the environmentally sensitive material and the thermoplastic material is 1 to 3 mm; the mass ratio of the environment-sensitive material in the mixture to the mixture is not more than 2.5%.
10. The molding method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the heating and melting in the steps 4) and 5) is 120 to 220 ℃.
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