CN108790157A - A kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material - Google Patents
A kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108790157A CN108790157A CN201810511972.5A CN201810511972A CN108790157A CN 108790157 A CN108790157 A CN 108790157A CN 201810511972 A CN201810511972 A CN 201810511972A CN 108790157 A CN108790157 A CN 108790157A
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- Prior art keywords
- axis guide
- nozzle
- feed hopper
- environment sensitive
- guide rail
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/314—Preparation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material, including control unit, print platform, box rack, two ejection head units；Each ejection head unit includes charging mixed organization, heating mechanism and extrusion mechanism：The charging mixed organization includes feed hopper, toner cartridge, blow powder machine, charging partition panel, feed pipe and stirring conveying screw rod, is equipped with toner cartridge on the side wall of the feed hopper, the discharge port side of toner cartridge and the inside of feed hopper are connected；The air inlet for blowing the positive toner cartridge of powder machine；Inside feed hopper, and below toner cartridge, the heating mechanism includes heating room, discharge nozzle, temperature sensor and the heater for being wrapped in heating outdoor；The system can print the intelligence structure with temperature expansion gradient using mixing and melting extrusion, efficiently solve the problems such as ingredient requirement height, formed precision height in the manufacturing process of 3D printing environment sensitive functionally graded material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material.
Background technology
3D printing technique is one kind of rapid shaping technique, without the tools material removal such as conventional tool, grinding tool, phase
Instead, but by digitize it is discrete after material be gradually superimposed molding.In recent years, 3D printing technique was extensive by domestic and international all circles
Concern, stakeholder and research institution take up to work out the development plan of 3D printing technique, and have carried out corresponding research work.
Fused glass pellet is most vitality, and rapid shaping technique with the fastest developing speed in 3D printing technique.Melting is heavy
If product forming process is that model is first divided into dried layer, this layer of scan path is planned according to the model cross sectional shape on every layer, then
Successively printing is until complete entire model.Fused glass pellet machine is small with its former, forming cost is low, shaping speed
Soon, the advantages that corollary system reliability is high, forming process noise is small, product various colors and molding raw material are diversified, has
Boundless market.With deepening continuously for the research, stage of correlation model has been made not using rapid shaping technique
Can meet the needs of people develop technology, to, promoted product property uniform in material and can the specific functionalities such as spontaneous strain,
Have become 3D printing technique future development and use aspect inexorable trend.
It is well known that thermoplasticity is the performance most basic for fused glass pellet printed material, it is limited to printer
Limitation, the selection of material are confined to the single raw materials such as ABS resin, PLA (polylactic acid).Further, since common 3D printer spray
The limitation of head miniaturization, the material used usually require that coiled wire rod is pre-machined into, and thickness and length are limited to beat again
Melting inside print machine nozzle and step-by-step system.And the molding matter of printer model will be influenced for the material homogeneity of wire rod
Amount.This severely limits the designs of intelligence structure and intellectual material.
But the material selection of existing melting extrusion formula is limited, in conjunction with the composite wood of conventional thermoplastic and environmental sensitivity
The 3D printing equipment of material does not occur also.And the characteristics of for intelligence structure layering or subregion, it is necessary to using different performance
Material manufactures the various pieces of structure.Therefore, it is crowded to design a kind of double nozzles melting for environment sensitive functionally graded material
It is very necessary to go out formula rapid prototyping system.
Invention content
3D printing equipment generally uses single PLA, ABS wire rod as manufacture material, and especially for composite material
Granular raw material needs to be pre-processed into wire rod, and cannot meet the design need of environment sensitive structure using homogenous material
It asks.To further increase the mechanics of environmentally sensitive intelligence structure and the understanding of physical property, the invention solves technology ask
Topic is to provide a kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material.The system can be printed with ring
Material based on the sensitive material of border, with thermoplastic material be auxiliary material, using mixing and melting extrusion have temperature it is swollen
The intelligence structure of swollen gradient, efficiently solve in the manufacturing process of 3D printing environment sensitive functionally graded material ingredient requirement it is high,
The problems such as formed precision height.
The present invention solve the technical problem the technical solution adopted is that：
A kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material, including control unit, printing are put down
Platform, box rack, it is characterised in that the system further includes two ejection head units, and two ejection head units are fixed on print platform side by side
Top, print platform and two ejection head units are each attached in box rack；Each ejection head unit include charging mixed organization,
Heating mechanism and extrusion mechanism：
The charging mixed organization includes feed hopper, toner cartridge, blow powder machine, charging partition panel, feed pipe and stirring conveying
The lower part of screw rod, the feed hopper is funnel-form, and top is cylindric, and toner cartridge is equipped on the side wall of Upper cylindrical shape,
The discharge port side of toner cartridge and the inside of feed hopper are connected；The air inlet for blowing the positive toner cartridge of powder machine；It is described to blow powder machine
It is installed concentratedly on the side wall of feed hopper with toner cartridge；Inside feed hopper, and below the toner cartridge, be provided with can open with
The charging partition panel of closure；The lower end of feed hopper connects vertically arranged feed pipe, in the charging below charging partition panel
Setting stirring conveying screw rod in bucket and feed pipe；
The heating mechanism includes heating room, discharge nozzle, temperature sensor and the heater for being wrapped in heating outdoor, institute
The upper end unicom feed pipe of heating room is stated, the lower part of the stirring conveying screw rod extend into the inner bottom of heating room, heating
Mounting temperature sensor on chamber interior side wall；The outlet at bottom horizontal connection discharge nozzle of the heating room；
The extrusion mechanism includes repository, the pressure transducer inside repository, extrusion screw rod and nozzle, storage
It hides storehouse inside and vertical extrusion screw rod is set, the lower end of repository connects nozzle, and extrusion screw rod upper end is fixed at the top of repository,
The length of extrusion screw rod and the height of repository match；
Box rack upper surface is equipped with the X-axis guide rail and Y-axis guide rail of control nozzle level movement, two X-axis guide rails
Two edges of box rack upper surface are arranged in parallel in, are equipped with X sliding blocks in two X-axis guide rails, under the Y-axis guide rail
Surface both ends are separately connected two X sliding blocks in two X-axis guide rails, and X-axis guide rail and Y-axis guide rail are mutually perpendicular to, in Y-axis guide rail
Y sliding blocks are set on side, and Y sliding blocks and the feed pipe of two ejection head units are all connected with；Divide in an X-axis guide rail and Y-axis guide rail
Not She Zhi leading screw screw mechanism, X sliding blocks, Y sliding blocks are connected on corresponding leading screw screw mechanism；
Two Z axis guide rails are respectively equipped on two symmetrical sides of box rack, Z is equipped in each Z axis guide rail
Leading screw screw mechanism is arranged in sliding block in a Z axis guide rail, the Z sliding blocks connection being provided in the Z axis guide rail of leading screw screw mechanism
The leading screw screw mechanism；Four Z sliding blocks are connected by the side of spring and print platform, and the print platform is located at two sprays
The lower section of head unit, and positioned at the inside of box rack；The print platform lower surface is connected with heating device；
Above-mentioned each leading screw screw mechanism is all connected with a driving motor；Described control unit is electric with three drivings respectively
Machine, heater, temperature sensor, feeds partition panel, blows powder machine, stirring conveying screw rod, extrusion screw rod, printing pressure transducer
The heating device of platform lower surface is electrically connected.
A kind of 3D printing forming method of environment sensitive functionally graded material, this method use above-mentioned formation system, tool
Body includes the following steps：
1) threedimensional model of design environment sensitivity intelligence structure；
2) according to the size and ingredient of above-mentioned environment sensitive intelligence structure, setting prints the component and matter of raw material needed for every layer
Amount, it is assumed that need to print the mixture that above-mentioned intelligence structure needs n kind material ratios, n is integer, and n is not less than 1；Slicing delamination,
It designs printing path and obtains each layer two dimension printing curve, set print routine, input Gcode files；
3) environment sensitive material is mixed with graininess or pulverulence according to certain material ratio with thermoplastic material
For mixture A, it is fitted into a feed hopper；The mixture of the material ratio different from mixture A is packed into another feed hopper
B；And the toner of different colours is packed into the toner cartridge of each ejection head unit, it is blown into corresponding mixture by blowing powder machine；
4) mixture A is sent to by stirring conveying screw rod 5 in heating room, by corresponding after oven heats melting
Nozzle squeezes out, and completes the printing of one layer of X-Y scheme；Mixture B not feedings at this time；
5) by Z axis guide rail 19 adjust print platform 20 height, mixture B is sufficiently mixed and heat melting after by another
One nozzle squeezes out, and so that the upper surface of printable layer carries out next layer in same level in the nozzle and step 4)
The printing of X-Y scheme；Mixture A not feedings at this time；
If 6) material ratio changes next time, the mixture in the ejection head unit not used, adjustment printing are replaced
The height of platform continues to print after step 5)；
7) step 4), the process of step 5) and step 6) are repeated, until completing the printing of above-mentioned environment sensitive intelligence structure
Until；Terminate to step 7) since step 4), the temperature that print platform 20 is controlled by heating device maintains 50~55 DEG C；
8) excess stock in two feed hoppers is removed, is taken out after model is fully cooled.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1. formation system of the present invention can optimize structure using the different piece of double feed hoppers and twin-jet nozzle difference print structure
Mechanical property and realize the functionally gradient of material.Device is mixed using the toner for blowing powder machine and controllable dosage, to
The structural region of different colours is printed with the functionally gradient of specification configuration.
2. filter screen is arranged in discharge port in formation system of the present invention, will be stored up through filter screen after mixed raw material dissolve fully
There are in repository, can effectively prevent occur material do not melt and the flaw that leads to print structure, prevented also from spray nozzle clogging.
3. in formation system of the present invention, feed hopper, using being flexibly connected, is such as threadedly coupled with feed inlet, can pass through replacement
The mode of feed hopper provides the mixture of a variety of ratios, can print the composite material of a variety of properties, and intelligence structure is more complicated.
4.. forming method of the present invention in preparing materials component very flexibly, it can be achieved that plurality of raw materials, a variety of grain sizes ring
The mixing of the various proportionings of border sensitive function functionally gradient material (FGM) is shaped with 3D printing.In the premise for ensureing Forming Quality and not stifled nozzle
Under, network aqueous gel can reach 2.5% in environment sensitive functionally graded material mass ratio highest, and thus, it is possible to so that structure is realized
More preferably environment sensitive functionally gradient effect.
5. raw material is not necessarily to be prefabricated into wire rod using the intelligence structure of system print forming, manufacturing line is thereby reduced
The time of material process makes entire manufacturing process shorten 40%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is an a kind of nozzle of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of unit；
Fig. 2 is a kind of overall structure of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material of the invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of charging partition panel in the present invention；
In figure, 1. feed hoppers, 2. charging partition panels, 3. blow powder machine, 4. toner cartridges, 5. stirring conveying screw rods, 6. feed pipes,
7. temperature sensor, 8. heaters, 9. heating rooms, 10. discharge nozzles, 11. extrusion screw rods, 12. pressure transducers, 13. nozzles,
14. repository, 15.X axis rails, 16.Y axis rails, 17. control units, 18. driving motors, 19.Z axis rails, 20. printings are flat
Platform, 21. box racks.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but does not protect model in this, as to the application
The restriction enclosed.
The present invention it is a kind of for environment sensitive functionally graded material double nozzle rapid prototyping systems (abbreviation formation system,
Referring to Fig. 1-2) include control unit, print platform, box rack 21 and two ejection head units, two ejection head units are fixed side by side
Above print platform, print platform and two ejection head units are each attached in box rack, and control unit is printed for controlling
Platform moves up and down, at the same can control two ejection head units fed, heated, the actions such as extrusion molding；Each ejection head unit
Include charging mixed organization, heating mechanism and extrusion mechanism：
The charging mixed organization includes feed hopper 1, toner cartridge 4, blow powder machine 3, feed pipe 6 and stirring conveying screw rod 5, institute
The lower part for stating feed hopper 1 is funnel-form, and top is cylindric, and the feed inlet of feed hopper 1 is arranged upward, in the side of Upper cylindrical shape
Toner cartridge 4 is installed, the discharge port side of toner cartridge and the inside of feed hopper are connected on wall；It is described to blow 3 positive toner cartridge 4 of powder machine
Air inlet；It is described to blow powder machine 3 and toner cartridge 4 is installed concentratedly on the side wall of feed hopper；The toner cartridge 4 is horizontal positioned, blows
Powder machine 3 is placed horizontally at the outside of the toner cartridge 4, and it is connectionless to blow both powder machine 3 and toner cartridge 4；Inside feed hopper, and position
Below toner cartridge, it is provided with the charging partition panel 2 that can be opened and closed, charging partition panel is opened, then material enters feed pipe
In, if feed spacer is closed, stop conveying material；The lower end of feed hopper connects vertically arranged feed pipe 6, positioned at charging
Setting stirring conveying screw rod 5 in feed hopper and feed pipe below partition panel, the stirring conveying screw rod 5 are spiral cylindricality and erect
To setting；
The heating mechanism includes heating room 9, discharge nozzle 10, temperature sensor 7 and the heating being wrapped in outside heating room 9
The lower part of device 8, the upper end unicom feed pipe 6 of the heating room 9, the stirring conveying screw rod 5 extend into the inner bottom of heating room 9
End, the mounting temperature sensor 7 in heating 9 internal side wall of room；8 ring-wound of the heater adds on the outer wall of heating room 9
The outlet at bottom horizontal connection discharge nozzle 10 in hot cell；
The extrusion mechanism includes repository 14, the pressure transducer 12 inside repository 14, extrusion screw rod 11
With nozzle 13, vertical extrusion screw rod 11 is arranged in 14 inside of repository, and the lower end of repository connects nozzle 13, the extrusion screw rod
11 be spiral cylindricality, and 11 upper end of extrusion screw rod and 14 top of repository are fixed, the length of extrusion screw rod and the height phase of repository
Matching, will not stretch into nozzle 13；
21 upper surface of box rack is equipped with the X-axis guide rail 15 and Y-axis guide rail 16 of control nozzle level movement, two X
Axis rail 15 is arranged in parallel in two edges of box rack upper surface, and X sliding blocks, the Y are equipped in two X-axis guide rails 15
The lower surface both ends of axis rail 16 are separately connected two X sliding blocks in two X-axis guide rails 15,16 phase of X-axis guide rail 15 and Y-axis guide rail
It is mutually vertical, Y sliding blocks are set on the side of Y-axis guide rail 16, and Y sliding blocks and the feed pipe 6 of two ejection head units are all connected with；At one
Leading screw screw mechanism is respectively set in X-axis guide rail 15 and Y-axis guide rail 16, X sliding blocks, Y sliding blocks are connected to corresponding leading screw screw machine
On structure；
Two Z axis guide rails 19 are respectively equipped on two symmetrical sides of box rack, are equipped in each Z axis guide rail
Leading screw screw mechanism is arranged in Z sliding blocks in a Z axis guide rail, and the Z sliding blocks being provided in the Z axis guide rail of leading screw screw mechanism connect
Connect the leading screw screw mechanism；Four Z sliding blocks are connect by spring with the side of print platform 20, and the print platform is located at two
The lower section of a ejection head unit, and positioned at the inside of box rack；The print platform lower surface is connected with heating device；
Above-mentioned each leading screw screw mechanism is all connected with a driving motor 18；Driving motor drives corresponding leading screw screw rod
Mechanism action, and then drive the action of corresponding sliding block finally realizes that the movement in the horizontal plane of two ejection head units and printing are flat
Platform moves up and down；
Described control unit 17 includes controlling the digital control system and control flow of the work of entire printer, control unit respectively with
Three driving motors, heater 8, temperature sensor 7, charging partition panel 2, blow powder machine 3, stirring conveying spiral shell at pressure transducer 12
The heating device electrical connection of bar 5, extrusion screw rod 11, print platform lower surface.Digital control system and control flow are to adopt in the application
Use the prior art.
Formation system of the present invention is further characterized by the charging partition panel 2 and is placed horizontally in the feed hopper 1
The joining place of the cylindric and funnel-like part in portion；The pressure transducer 12 is positioned on 14 side wall of repository and is close to store
The bottom in storehouse 14.The charging partition panel 2 includes the rotation axis and polylith fan-shaped rotary plate (referring to Fig. 3) by Electromagnetic Control, more
The internal diameter of block fan-shaped rotary plate one circle of overall structure, the circular diameter and feed hopper matches, polylith fan-shaped rotary plate
It can open or close, the control of realization feeding and not feeding under the action of rotation axis.
The outer wall that formation system of the present invention is further characterized by the heating room of two ejection head units is connected by connecting rod
Together, it is to be flexibly connected between feed hopper and feed pipe；When it is more for raw material type when, can by replace it is different
Feed hopper realizes the printing of multilayer functionally graded material.
Preferably, the discharge nozzle 10 is separated with repository 14 using strainer, the impurity not melted fully is filtered with this.
It is threadedly coupled preferably, the nozzle 13 is used with repository 14, the nozzle of different-diameter can be replaced with this.
Preferably, the shape of the nozzle is round, rectangular or strip-form, material of different shapes can be squeezed out, is adapted to
Different topology requirements.
Preferably, the heating device of 20 lower surface of print platform connection is heating copper coin, on print platform upper berth
If high-boron-silicon glass plate, it is equipped with leveling on a glass and shows that table, leveling degree are shown by the leveling on glass plate in table dial plate
The bubble in portion indicates.
Preferably, the box rack is welded to form by the rectangular hollow rod of aluminum.
The present invention also protects a kind of 3D printing forming method of environment sensitive functionally graded material, this method to use above-mentioned
Formation system specifically comprises the following steps：
1) threedimensional model of design environment sensitivity intelligence structure；
2) according to the size and ingredient of above-mentioned environment sensitive intelligence structure, setting prints the component and matter of raw material needed for every layer
Amount, it is assumed that need to print the mixture that above-mentioned intelligence structure needs n kind material ratios, n is integer, and n is not less than 1；Slicing delamination,
The printing path of reasonable design obtains each layer two dimension printing curve, thus sets print routine, inputs Gcode files；
3) environment sensitive material is mixed with graininess or pulverulence according to certain material ratio with thermoplastic material
For mixture A, it is fitted into a feed hopper；The mixture of the material ratio different from mixture A is packed into another feed hopper
B；And the toner of different colours is packed into the toner cartridge of each ejection head unit, it is blown into corresponding mixture by blowing powder machine；
4) mixture A is sent to by stirring conveying screw rod 5 in heating room, by corresponding after oven heats melting
Nozzle squeezes out, and completes the printing of one layer of X-Y scheme；Mixture B not feedings at this time；
5) by Z axis guide rail 19 adjust print platform 20 height, mixture B is sufficiently mixed and heat melting after by another
One nozzle squeezes out, and so that the upper surface of printable layer carries out next layer in same level in the nozzle and step 4)
The printing of X-Y scheme；Mixture A not feedings at this time；
If 6) material ratio changes next time, the mixture in the ejection head unit not used, adjustment printing are replaced
The height of platform continues to print after step 5)；
7) step 4), the process of step 5) and step 6) are repeated, until completing the printing of above-mentioned environment sensitive intelligence structure
Until；Terminating to step 7) since step 4), the temperature that print platform 20 is controlled by heating device maintains 50~55 DEG C,
And then ensure model forming quality；
8) excess stock in two feed hoppers is removed, is taken out after model is fully cooled.
The grain size that the method for the present invention is further characterized by the environment sensitive material and thermoplastic material is 1~
3mm, to obtain uniform thawing product.
Preferably, the temperature of heating melting is 120~220 DEG C in the step 4) and step 5).
The mass ratio of network aqueous gel and entire mixture is not more than 2.5% in the mixture, i.e., environment sensitive material/
(thermoplastic material+environment sensitive material)=0~2.5%.
Heretofore described environment sensitive material refers to the environment sensitive work(that can change spontaneous bending according to ambient temperature
Energy material, such as network aqueous gel, wood-fibred, the thermoplastic material is ABS, PLA, thermoplastic polyurethane etc..In mixture
In based on environment sensitive material material, using thermoplastic polyurethane as auxiliary material, although environment sensitive material amount is few,
Play major function.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is directed to double nozzle rapid prototyping systems of environment sensitive functionally graded material, including control unit, beats
Print platform, box rack 21 and two ejection head units, two ejection head units are fixed on side by side above print platform, print platform and
Two ejection head units are each attached in box rack, and control unit is moved up and down for controlling print platform, while can control two
The actions such as a ejection head unit fed, heated, extrusion molding；Each ejection head unit includes charging mixed organization, heater
Structure and extrusion mechanism：
It is described charging mixed organization include feed hopper 1 and be connected on feed hopper 1 toner cartridge 4, blow powder machine 3, charging every
Disconnected plate 2, feed pipe 6, stirring conveying screw rod 5.The cylindrical upright that the feed hopper 1 is height 20cm, radius is 10cm runs through
Bucket, the toner cartridge 4 are connected to 1 upper level of feed hopper, and feed hopper 1 is connected to vertically with feed pipe 6, and the feed pipe 6 is grown
Spend 10cm, radius 3cm.
The heating mechanism includes discharge nozzle 10, heating room 9, heater 8 and temperature sensor 7.Melted by the heater 9
Change material and push molten condition material to advance by the stirring conveying screw rod 5 (length 30cm), the temperature sensor 7 is used for
Detection heating room 9 (long 15cm, wide 15cm, the rectangular box of high 10cm) interior material temperature, molten condition material are (long by discharge nozzle 10
Wide 5cm, the square pipe of high 3cm) it is delivered to repository 14.
The extrusion mechanism includes repository 14, pressure transducer 12, extrusion screw rod 11 and nozzle 13.The repository 14
(length and width 10cm, the rectangular box of high 8cm) connection discharge nozzle 10 is used to store the material of molten condition.The pressure transducer 12 is set
It sets on the inner wall of repository 14, for detecting 14 internal pressure of repository.The extrusion screw rod 11 controls material by control unit 17
Extruded velocity.The nozzle 13 (a diameter of 1mm of extrusion) is arranged in the lower section of repository 14 and is connected to repository 14.
It is fixed together by connecting rod between two above-mentioned ejection head units, connecting rod one end is connected to ejection head unit
On heating room side wall, the other end is connected on the opposite side wall in heating room of another ejection head unit.
21 upper surface of box rack is equipped with the X-axis guide rail 15 and Y-axis guide rail 16 of control nozzle level movement, two X
Axis rail 15 is arranged in parallel in two edges of box rack upper surface, and X sliding blocks, the Y are equipped in two X-axis guide rails 15
The lower surface both ends of axis rail 16 are separately connected two X sliding blocks in two X-axis guide rails 15,16 phase of X-axis guide rail 15 and Y-axis guide rail
It is mutually vertical, a Y sliding block is set on the side of Y-axis guide rail 16, and Y sliding blocks and the middle part of the feed pipe 6 of two ejection head units are equal
Connection；Leading screw screw mechanism is respectively set in an X-axis guide rail 15 and Y-axis guide rail 16, X sliding blocks, Y sliding blocks are connected to accordingly
On leading screw screw mechanism；
The Z axis guide rail 19 of two 1m high is respectively equipped on two symmetrical sides of box rack, in each Z axis guide rail
Z sliding blocks are equipped with, leading screw screw mechanism, the Z being provided in the Z axis guide rail of leading screw screw mechanism are set in a Z axis guide rail
Sliding block connects the leading screw screw mechanism；Four Z sliding blocks are connect by spring with the side of print platform 20, the print platform
Positioned at the lower section of two ejection head units, and positioned at the inside of box rack；The print platform lower surface is connected with heating device；
The cube frame that box rack 21 is made of 12 rectangular one meter of long rod pieces, the X-axis guide rail 15 are 1 meter long
It totally two, is placed horizontally at respectively on the holder of 21 top both sides of the box rack, direction and nozzle right movement side in Fig. 2
To vertical, the Y-axis guide rail 16 can the horizontal movement in the X-axis guide rail 15, direction is mutually perpendicular to the X-axis guide rail,
Above-mentioned each leading screw screw mechanism is all connected with a driving motor 18；Driving motor drives corresponding leading screw screw rod
Mechanism action, and then drive the action of corresponding sliding block finally realizes that the movement in the horizontal plane of two ejection head units and printing are flat
Platform moves up and down；
The print platform 20 includes glass plate, heating copper coin, spring.The heating copper coin is connect with adding thermal resistance can essence
Really control temperature, upper part are fixedly connected with the glass plate, and the side of print platform 20 relies on four spring supportings, passes through tune
Save the elastic level for ensuring glass plate of spring.
Described control unit 17 includes controlling the digital control system and control flow of the work of entire printer, control unit respectively with
Three driving motors, heater 8, temperature sensor 7, charging partition panel 2, blow powder machine 3, stirring conveying spiral shell at pressure transducer 12
The heating copper coin electrical connection of bar 5, extrusion screw rod 11, print platform lower surface.Described control unit 17 is positioned over the box machine
21 side of frame, and worked by two ejection head units of line connection control and 3 driving motors 18 and print platform；
The size of the print platform is 80cm × 80cm.The grain size that raw material is added in feed hopper 1 is 1~3mm.
The present embodiment illustrates the process of forming method of the present invention for printing an environment sensitive double-layer plate structure,
It is as follows：
(1) first, the threedimensional model of environment sensitive double-layer plate structure is established in Slice Software；
(2) according to the size and ingredient of above-mentioned environment sensitive double-layer plate structure, set the type of raw material needed for each layer,
Component and quality, setting structure bottom are environment sensitive composite material, are printed by a nozzle 13；Setting structure upper layer is environment
Inert material is printed by another nozzle 13；Slicing delamination, design printing path obtain each layer two dimension printing curve, thus set
Print routine is set, Gcode files are inputted；
(3) mixture A (network water is used as after mixing environment sensitive material (network aqueous gel) and thermoplastic polyurethane
The mass ratio of gel and mixture A are 1.0%), to be packed into a feed hopper, using single thermoplastic polyurethane as mixing
Material B is packed into another feed hopper 1；Red toner is packed into a toner cartridge 4, green toner is packed into another toner cartridge
In 4；Mixture is blown into corresponding toner before entering heating room by blowing powder chance accordingly；
(4) print temperature, 13 operating rate of nozzle are set, mixture A is sufficiently mixed and is sprayed by one after heating melting
Mouth 13 squeezes out, and completes the printing of environment sensitive fabric；Mixture B not feedings at this time；
(5) height that print platform 20 is adjusted by Z axis guide rail 19, by another nozzle after mixture B heating is melted
13 squeeze out, and complete the printing of environment inertia superstructure；Before mixture B is squeezed out so that the nozzle has been printed with step 4)
Then the upper surface of layer is printed again in same level；Mixture A not feedings at this time；Step (4) and step (5) are beaten
It is 52 DEG C that print platform temperature is kept during print, can effectively reduce sliding of the extruded material on print platform, ensures model
Forming Quality
(6) excess stock in two feed hoppers 1 is removed, is taken out after model is fully cooled.
The operating temperature for heating room 9 is 180 DEG C.
20 leveling degree of print platform shows that the bubble inside table dial plate indicates by the leveling on glass plate.
The shape of the nozzle 13 is circle.The box rack 21 is welded to form by the rectangular hollow rod of aluminum.
The present invention is not necessarily to material being processed into line for double nozzle rapid prototyping systems of environment sensitive functionally graded material
Toner incorporation device is arranged in feed hopper, visually can obviously distinguish the structure of different function functionally gradient material (FGM) composition, add for material
The raw material of entrance can fully be melted and is stored in repository by heat engine structure, can be prevented material and not melted fully and cause
There is flaw in print structure, prevented also from nozzle blockage, makes network aqueous gel in environment sensitive functionally graded material mass ratio
Highest can reach 2.5%, can manufacture the more obvious multilayered structure of flexural deformation, and leveling dial gauge energy is arranged on print platform
Quantitatively instruction print platform leveling degree can guarantee that working platform temperature is steady using high-boron-silicon glass as print platform upper surface
It is fixed, and molten condition material is made to be sufficiently secured on print platform, sliding is reduced, model print quality is improved.
It is certain embodiments of the present invention above, as enlightenment, through the above description, relevant staff completely may be used
Without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention', to carry out equivalent variations and remodeling, still fall within technical solution of the present invention
Protection domain.The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to according to claim model
It encloses to determine its technical scope.
The present invention does not address place and is suitable for the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of double nozzle rapid prototyping systems for environment sensitive functionally graded material, including control unit, print platform,
Box rack, it is characterised in that the system further includes two ejection head units, and two ejection head units are fixed on print platform side by side
Side, print platform and two ejection head units are each attached in box rack；Each ejection head unit includes charging mixed organization, adds
Heat engine structure and extrusion mechanism：
The charging mixed organization includes feed hopper, toner cartridge, blow powder machine, charging partition panel, feed pipe and stirring conveying screw rod,
The lower part of the feed hopper is funnel-form, and top is cylindric, and toner cartridge, toner cartridge are equipped on the side wall of Upper cylindrical shape
Discharge port side and the inside of feed hopper be connected；The air inlet for blowing the positive toner cartridge of powder machine；It is described to blow powder machine and toner
Box is installed concentratedly on the side wall of feed hopper；Inside feed hopper, and below the toner cartridge, being provided with can open and close
Feed partition panel；The lower end of feed hopper connects vertically arranged feed pipe, positioned at charging partition panel below feed hopper and into
Setting stirring conveying screw rod in expects pipe；
The heating mechanism includes heating room, discharge nozzle, temperature sensor and the heater for being wrapped in heating outdoor, described to add
The lower part of the upper end unicom feed pipe in hot cell, the stirring conveying screw rod extend into the inner bottom of heating room, indoor in heating
Mounting temperature sensor on portion's side wall；The outlet at bottom horizontal connection discharge nozzle of the heating room；
The extrusion mechanism includes repository, the pressure transducer inside repository, extrusion screw rod and nozzle, repository
Vertical extrusion screw rod is arranged in inside, and the lower end of repository connects nozzle, and extrusion screw rod upper end and repository top are fixed, squeeze out
The length of screw rod and the height of repository match；
Box rack upper surface is equipped with the X-axis guide rail and Y-axis guide rail of control nozzle level movement, and two X-axis guide rails are parallel
Two edges of box rack upper surface are arranged in, X sliding blocks, the lower surface of the Y-axis guide rail are equipped in two X-axis guide rails
Both ends are separately connected two X sliding blocks in two X-axis guide rails, and X-axis guide rail and Y-axis guide rail are mutually perpendicular to, in the side of Y-axis guide rail
Upper setting Y sliding blocks, Y sliding blocks and the feed pipe of two ejection head units are all connected with；It is set respectively in an X-axis guide rail and Y-axis guide rail
Leading screw screw mechanism is set, X sliding blocks, Y sliding blocks are connected on corresponding leading screw screw mechanism；
Two Z axis guide rails are respectively equipped on two symmetrical sides of box rack, Z sliding blocks are equipped in each Z axis guide rail,
Leading screw screw mechanism is set in a Z axis guide rail, and the Z sliding blocks being provided in the Z axis guide rail of leading screw screw mechanism connect the silk
Thick stick screw mechanism；Four Z sliding blocks are connected by the side of spring and print platform, and the print platform is located at two nozzle lists
The lower section of member, and positioned at the inside of box rack；The print platform lower surface is connected with heating device；
Above-mentioned each leading screw screw mechanism is all connected with a driving motor；Described control unit respectively with three driving motors,
Pressure transducer, temperature sensor, feeds partition panel, blows powder machine, stirring conveying screw rod, extrusion screw rod, print platform heater
The heating device of lower surface is electrically connected.
2. double nozzle rapid prototyping systems according to claim 1 for environment sensitive functionally graded material, feature
It is, the charging partition panel is placed horizontally at the joining place of the cylindric and funnel-like part inside the feed hopper；It is described
Pressure transducer is positioned on repository side wall and is close to the bottom of repository.
3. double nozzle rapid prototyping systems according to claim 1 for environment sensitive functionally graded material, feature
It is, the charging partition panel includes the rotation axis and polylith fan-shaped rotary plate by Electromagnetic Control, and polylith fan-shaped rotary plate is whole
The internal diameter of one circle of composition, the circular diameter and feed hopper matches.
4. double nozzle rapid prototyping systems according to claim 1 for environment sensitive functionally graded material, feature
It is, the outer wall of the heating room of two ejection head units is linked together by connecting rod, is that activity connects between feed hopper and feed pipe
It connects.
5. double nozzle rapid prototyping systems according to claim 1 for environment sensitive functionally graded material, feature
It is, the discharge nozzle is separated with repository using strainer.
6. double nozzle rapid prototyping systems according to claim 1 for environment sensitive functionally graded material, feature
It is, the nozzle is used with repository and is threadedly coupled.
7. double nozzle rapid prototyping systems according to claim 1 for environment sensitive functionally graded material, feature
It is, the heating device of the print platform lower surface connection is heating copper coin, and high-boron-silicon glass plate is laid on print platform,
It is equipped with leveling on a glass and shows table.
8. a kind of 3D printing forming method of environment sensitive functionally graded material, this method is any described using claim 1-7
Formation system, specifically include following steps：
1) threedimensional model of design environment sensitivity intelligence structure；
2) according to the size and ingredient of above-mentioned environment sensitive intelligence structure, setting prints the component and quality of raw material needed for every layer,
Assuming that needing to print the mixture that above-mentioned intelligence structure needs n kind material ratios, n is integer, and n is not less than 1；Slicing delamination, if
It counts printing path and obtains each layer two dimension printing curve, set print routine, input Gcode files；
3) environment sensitive material is mixed into graininess or pulverulence according to certain material ratio with thermoplastic material mixed
Material A is closed, is fitted into a feed hopper；The mixture B of the material ratio different from mixture A is packed into another feed hopper；And
It is packed into the toner of different colours in the toner cartridge of each ejection head unit, is blown into corresponding mixture by blowing powder machine；
4) mixture A is sent to by stirring conveying screw rod 5 in heating room, by corresponding nozzle after oven heats melting
It squeezes out, completes the printing of one layer of X-Y scheme；Mixture B not feedings at this time；
5) by Z axis guide rail 19 adjust print platform 20 height, mixture B is sufficiently mixed and heat melting after by another
Nozzle squeezes out, and so that the upper surface of printable layer carries out next layer of two dimension in same level in the nozzle and step 4)
The printing of figure；Mixture A not feedings at this time；
If 6) material ratio changes next time, the mixture in the ejection head unit not used is replaced, adjusts print platform
Height, continue to print after step 5)；
7) step 4), the process of step 5) and step 6) are repeated, until the printing for completing above-mentioned environment sensitive intelligence structure；
Terminate to step 7) since step 4), the temperature that print platform 20 is controlled by heating device maintains 50~55 DEG C；
8) excess stock in two feed hoppers is removed, is taken out after model is fully cooled.
9. forming method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the environment sensitive material and thermoplastic material
Grain size is 1~3mm；Environment sensitive material and the mass ratio of the mixture are not more than 2.5% in the mixture.
10. forming method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that heating melting in the step 4) and step 5)
Temperature is 120~220 DEG C.
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