CN108781578B - Method for preventing and controlling yellow moth on blueberry plant - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling yellow moth on blueberry plant Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
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- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for preventing and treating yellow moth on blueberry plants in the technical field of fruit tree planting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pretreatment of seed planting: before planting the blueberries, deeply turning the soil between two rows for 15-20 cm, digging barrier ditches with the width of 10-15 cm, and carrying out mixed planting on the blueberries and the alfalfa; (2) killing insects in pupation stage: preparing a fungal insecticide, spraying the fungal insecticide onto the worm cocoons of the yellow spiny moth, and releasing the captured parasitic natural enemies onto the blueberry plants 8-12 days after the spraying of the insecticide in the pupation stage; (3) killing insects in an adult stage: spraying the prepared bacterial insecticide on blueberry plants; (4) killing insects in a larval stage: uniformly mixing the prepared plant leaching solution with bacillus for producing chitinase, and spraying the mixture on blueberry plants; (5) and (3) killing insects in a cocoon forming period: preparing the attractant, and pouring the attractant into a hanging cup hung on the branches of the blueberries. The scheme solves the problem that pesticide residues exist in blueberry fruits when yellow moth on blueberry plants is prevented and controlled in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling yellow moth on blueberry plants.
Background
The blueberry fruit contains rich nutrient components, has good nutrition and health care effects, and also has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human body immunity and the like.
The existing blueberries are often damaged by diseases, insects, grass and other factors in the cultivation process, wherein the yellow moth is a main pest damaging the blueberries. The yellow spiny moth belongs to Lepidoptera and family Spodoptera. The larvae are commonly called as peppery seaweeds, the pests which harm blueberries most seriously are the larvae, and the yellow spiny moths are cocooned on branches of crowns, main lateral branches and rough barks of trunks to overwinter by the mature larvae. Pupation begins in the first 6 th of the year, the adult emergence period in the winter is from the middle 6 th of the month to the middle 7 th of the month, the phototaxis of the adult is strong, and most of eggs are grown on the back of the leaves. The egg period is about 7-10 days, and the larval damage period is from the first 7 to the last 8 months, and is more than 50 days. The larvae are 7 years old together, the larvae are gathered at one position, the larvae eat the lower epidermis and mesophyll of the leaves to form round transparent small spots, the leaves are netted, the larvae are slightly larger and gradually dispersed, the larvae eat the leaves to form holes when the larvae are 4 years old, the larvae of more than 5 years old can eat the leaves, only leaf veins are left, and the leaves are meshed. The larvae have poisonous stings and are very painful after touching the skin, which brings difficulty to the management of the blueberries by people. Mature larva cocoons overwinter in late 8 months. In the existing blueberry planting process, pesticide killing is mainly used for controlling the yellow spiny moth, 1000 times of solution of 70% phoxim is sprayed in the initial incubation period of larvae of the yellow spiny moth, however, pesticide spraying for a long time can cause drug resistance in the yellow spiny moth, and the effect of killing the yellow spiny moth by the pesticide is greatly reduced, so that fruit growers often choose to increase the spraying amount of the pesticide at the moment, and the result of the pesticide spraying can cause pesticide residues in the blueberry fruits, thereby harming the safety of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling yellow moth on blueberry plants, and aims to solve the problem that pesticide residues exist in blueberry fruits when the yellow moth on the blueberry plants is prevented and controlled in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for preventing and controlling yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seed planting: before planting blueberries, deeply ploughing the soil between two rows of blueberry plants by 15-20 cm, digging a barrier ditch with the width of 10-15 cm, and carrying out mixed planting on the blueberries and alfalfa;
(2) killing insects in pupation stage: mixing the paecilomyces: beauveria bassiana (balsamo) Vuillemin: metarrhizium anisopliae: protease: the thickening agent is prepared from the following components in a ratio of 1-2: 1-3: 1-2: 2-4: 5-8, preparing a fungal pesticide, spraying the fungal pesticide on the worm cocoons of the yellow spiny moth, and releasing the captured parasitic natural enemies on the blueberry plants 8-12 days after the pesticide is sprayed in the pupation stage;
(3) killing insects in an adult stage: mixing lithium chloride: citric acid: the bacillus thuringiensis was prepared according to a 2: 1: mixing the components according to the proportion of 500 to obtain a bacterial insecticide, and spraying the bacterial insecticide on blueberry plants;
(4) killing insects in a larval stage: uniformly mixing the prepared plant leaching solution containing alkaloid with bacillus for producing chitinase, and spraying the mixture on blueberry plants;
(5) and (3) killing insects in a cocoon forming period: adding ethyl acetate: benzoic acid: honey: ethanol is added according to the ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 1-2, pouring the attractant into a hanging cup suspended on the branches of the blueberries.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. according to the scheme, the obstacle ditches are dug before the blueberries are planted so as to prevent larvae and imagoes which are not good in flying from migrating and diffusing, and the mixed planting of the alfalfa and the blueberries can provide green manure for the blueberries and can also be used as honey source plants of natural enemies of the yellow spiny moth; 2. because the surface of the cocoon is smooth, the thickening agent has the functions of firmly attaching fungi to the cocoon, decomposing the shell of the cocoon by protease, the suitable living environment temperature of the fungi such as the paecilomyces, the beauveria bassiana and the metarhizium anisopliae is 14-18 ℃, the pupation period is 4-5 months, the temperature in the period can make the fungi such as paecilomyces, beauveria and metarhizium active, the fungi can make conidium contact with and attach to polypide, the spore absorbs moisture and expands to grow out of germ tube, the germ tube secretes chitinase to dissolve surface of polypide, and after entering polypide, the bud tube absorbs water and nutrients in the insect body to grow into hypha, the hypha continuously takes the insect body as nutrient substances and invades each organ of the insect body until the whole insect body is full of hypha and dies, and the eggs can be laid in the insect body by the parasitic natural enemy more conveniently after the surface of the insect body is damaged, and then the insect body is taken as a nutrient intake object; 3. because the bacillus thuringiensis has the defect of slow insecticidal speed, the lithium chloride and the citric acid can enhance the activity of the bacillus thuringiensis and help the bacillus thuringiensis to invade the insect body more quickly, so that the situation that the bacillus thuringiensis has slow insecticidal speed is improved; 4. in the larval stage, the alkaloid and sodium salt contained in the plant leaching solution can make the larva move slowly, and chitinase generated by bacillus can be attached to the body of the larva to dissolve the body of the larva, so that the larva dies; 5. the attractant prepared from ethyl acetate, benzoic acid, honey and ethanol has volatility and fragrance, can attract the natural enemies of the spiny moth, and can prey on the spiny moth.
The optimization of the basic technical scheme is as follows:
further, the thickening agent comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate and xanthan gum. The thickening agent can increase the viscosity of the fungal pesticide, so that the fungal pesticide is less prone to falling off from the cocoon.
Further, the parasitic natural enemies comprise one or more of Chongya purple-Jifeng, Chonge Guangshui Xiaofeng, Shanghai Qingfeng, Java Chongshi-Jifeng and robust Chonge moth parasitic flies. The parasitic natural enemy can feed on the yellow spiny moth or can lay eggs in the yellow spiny moth.
Further, the bacillus includes one or more of bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans and bacillus licheniformis. Chitinase produced by the bacillus can dissolve the surface body of the worm body, so that the worm body dies.
Further, the plant extract comprises one or more of veratrine, celastrine, matrine and nicotine. The alkaloid contained in the plant extract can invade into nerve center of insect body to make insect body paralyzed and even dead.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example 1: a method for preventing and controlling yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seed planting: before planting blueberries, deeply ploughing the soil between two rows of blueberry plants by 15-20 cm, digging a barrier ditch with the width of 10-15 cm, and carrying out mixed planting on the blueberries and alfalfa;
(2) killing insects in pupation stage: mixing the paecilomyces: beauveria bassiana (balsamo) Vuillemin: metarrhizium anisopliae: protease: the thickening agent is prepared from the following components in a ratio of 1-2: 1-3: 1-2: 2-4: 5-8, mixing to prepare a fungal pesticide, wherein the thickening agent comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate and xanthan gum, spraying the fungal pesticide onto the cocoon of the yellow-eared moth, and releasing captured parasitic natural enemies onto blueberry plants 8-12 days after spraying the pupation stage pesticide, wherein the parasitic natural enemies comprise one or more of Chongya purple-jerk wasps, Chongya euryale-shoulder small peaks, Shanghai Qingfeng, Java Chongya-bramble wasps and robust Chongya parasitic flies;
(3) killing insects in an adult stage: mixing lithium chloride: citric acid: the bacillus thuringiensis was prepared according to a 2: 1: mixing the components according to the proportion of 500 to obtain a bacterial insecticide, and spraying the bacterial insecticide on blueberry plants;
(4) killing insects in a larval stage: uniformly mixing the prepared plant leaching solution with bacillus for producing chitinase, and spraying the mixture on blueberry plants, wherein the plant leaching solution comprises one or more of veratrine, celastrine, matrine and nicotine, and the bacillus comprises one or more of bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans and bacillus licheniformis;
(5) and (3) killing insects in a cocoon forming period: adding ethyl acetate: benzoic acid: honey: ethanol is added according to the ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 1-2, pouring the attractant into a hanging cup suspended on the branches of the blueberries.
The method of the scheme is used for killing the yellow spiny moth on the blueberry plants, compared with the method for killing the yellow spiny moth by using the traditional chemical pesticide, the total number of the yellow spiny moths on each 100 blueberries is counted, and the following table is prepared:
| group of | Yellow spiny moth (only) |
| Example 1 | 0.8 |
| Comparative example | 3 |
As can be seen from the table above, compared with the traditional chemical pesticide, the effect of preventing and controlling the yellow spiny moth on the blueberry plant by adopting the scheme is better and is more harmless to the environment.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and controlling yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seed planting: before planting blueberries, deeply ploughing the soil between two rows of blueberry plants by 15-20 cm, digging a barrier ditch with the width of 10-15 cm, and carrying out mixed planting on the blueberries and alfalfa;
(2) killing insects in pupation stage: mixing the paecilomyces: beauveria bassiana (balsamo) Vuillemin: metarrhizium anisopliae: protease: the thickening agent is prepared from the following components in a ratio of 1-2: 1-3: 1-2: 2-4: 5-8, preparing a fungal pesticide, spraying the fungal pesticide on the worm cocoons of the yellow spiny moth, and releasing the captured parasitic natural enemies on the blueberry plants 8-12 days after the pesticide is sprayed in the pupation stage;
(3) killing insects in an adult stage: mixing lithium chloride: citric acid: the bacillus thuringiensis was prepared according to a 2: 1: mixing the components according to the proportion of 500 to obtain a bacterial insecticide, and spraying the bacterial insecticide on blueberry plants;
(4) killing insects in a larval stage: uniformly mixing the prepared plant leaching solution containing alkaloid with bacillus for producing chitinase, and spraying the mixture on blueberry plants;
(5) and (3) killing insects in a cocoon forming period: adding ethyl acetate: benzoic acid: honey: ethanol is added according to the ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 1-2, pouring the attractant into a hanging cup suspended on the branches of the blueberries.
2. The method for controlling yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickening agent comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate and xanthan gum.
3. The method for controlling yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the parasitic natural enemies comprise one or more of Chongya purple-Jifeng, Chongya Guanshouifeng, Shanghai Qingfeng, Java Chongya-Jifeng and robust Chongya parasitic flies.
4. The method for controlling yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bacillus comprises one or more of bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, bacillus circulans and bacillus licheniformis.
5. The method for preventing and treating yellow spiny moth on blueberry plants as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that: the plant extract comprises one or more of veratrine, celastrine, matrine and nicotine.
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| CN201810489747.6A CN108781578B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Method for preventing and controlling yellow moth on blueberry plant |
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| US7516573B1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2009-04-14 | David Michael Glenn | Method for reducing freeze and chill damage in plants |
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Inventor after: Xie Zhigang Inventor after: Wang Guangmin Inventor after: Jianyiping Inventor after: Pei Gao Inventor before: Xie Zhigang Inventor before: Jianyiping Inventor before: Pei Gao |