CN108778612A - 用作焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢 - Google Patents

用作焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢 Download PDF

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CN108778612A
CN108778612A CN201780015570.XA CN201780015570A CN108778612A CN 108778612 A CN108778612 A CN 108778612A CN 201780015570 A CN201780015570 A CN 201780015570A CN 108778612 A CN108778612 A CN 108778612A
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steel
welding
added material
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J.舍特勒
C.弗里切
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用作线材形式和/或粉末形式的焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢。

Description

用作焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的上位概念的用作焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢。
特别地，本发明涉及焊接添加材料，其例如可以用于车辆轻量化制造、机械制造或借助三维印刷成本有利地制造部件。
激烈竞争的汽车市场迫使制造商尤其始终寻求在保持尽可能高的舒适度和尽可能大的乘客安全性的情况下降低车队油耗（Flottenverbrauch）的解决方法。在此，一方面所有车辆组件的重量减轻，以及另一方面在运行中，例如包括在碰撞事故中在高的静态和动态荷载下尽可能有利的各部件性质起决定性作用。供应商通过如下方式尝试着实现这一必要性，即通过提供高强度且超高强度的钢而能够在部件制造时和运行中同时改进该部件性质的情况下减小壁厚度。因此，这种钢必须满足在强度、延展能力、韧性、能量吸收和例如通过冷成型、焊接和/或表面处理的可加工性方面的相对高的要求。
但是，在生产技术上，特别是在工业模型制造中或在以单件生产或小件数形式制造替代件时，也不断推进成本有利、保护资源且快速制造法的研发。例如，在成型技术制造部件时，所需的部件性能通过几何来决定。如果例如由于提高的机械应力而需要在部件上局部强化，通常必须对于定制的小批量进行成型工具的复杂改变或新建，这导致高成本。对于制造原型部件或具有极小件数的部件，因此越来越寻求替代性的制造法。
对此的一个实例是三维部件的印刷，其在这期间可以借助激光印刷甚至由钢制造。公开文献DE 10 2014 110 662 A1描述了一种方法，其可以用于借助激光熔体法或激光烧结法由钢制造三维成型的部件。在此，通过逐层的堆焊产生三维成型的部件。所述方法也归纳在术语“增材制造”下。
在过去，对于部件制造的所述应用领域，大多使用具有相对大的钢板厚度的传统钢、经水调质（wasservergütet）的高强度细晶粒钢、多相钢或替代性材料，例如铝。
传统钢的使用在此伴随着由于较大钢板厚度的部件重量大的缺点。替代性的超高强度多相钢虽然可以设计为更薄且因此轻质，但是其缺点是例如由于高基础硬度的较差的焊接适合性和可成型性。经水调质的钢在制造中更贵并且因此经常是不经济的。
出于这些原因，研发了热轧带钢或冷轧带钢形式的空气硬化钢材作为替代品，其通过如下方式克服已知钢的缺点，即从现在起仅仅通过例如在部件的热处理之后在空气中冷却钢而实现所需的材料性能。这种材料例如由本申请人的公开文献 DE 10 2004 053620 A1和DE 10 2007 058 222 A1已知。
除了上述一般要求外，在经调质的状态下可实现例如下列机械参数：
Rel或Rp0.2: 700 – 850 [Mpa]
Rm: 800 – 1000 [MPa]
A80:≥ 11 [%]和
A5: ≥ 13 [%]。
如果在热轧后使钢带至少局部地在空气中快速冷却以使得空气硬化效果开始，则该钢带的可冷成型性可以通过例如在罩式退火炉中的后续软化退火操作或通过均匀化退火实现。当适当紧密卷绕的卷材缓慢地，有时在特殊的隔热罩中冷却时，替代地也可以在热轧后保持可冷成型性。
在钢带或由该钢带制成的扁坯的冷成型或成型后，此时可以通过后续的热处理再次设定空气调质状态。
如果搭焊（Verbindungsschweißung）或堆焊（Auftragsschweißung）必须在这种钢上进行或部件必须借助3D印刷制造，迄今常见的是根据部件的所需机械性能，例如强度和韧性选择焊接添加材料。
由公开文献DE 24 35 577 A1已知空气硬化的焊接添加材料用于搭焊，且由专利文献DE 33 05 633 C2已知用于堆焊。
所述已知焊接添加材料由于其与高含量的贵合金元素，例如镍和钼的合金概念是不经济的。
因此本发明的基本目的是通过另一合金概念而提供高强度空气硬化钢，其用作用于制造搭焊和堆焊的焊接添加材料，其在同时确保出色的一般可焊性的情况下是成本有利的。此外，该焊接添加材料应特别适合于借助激光熔焊或激光烧结而由该钢进行部件的三维印刷。
根据本发明的教导，所述目的通过用作线材形式和/或粉末形式的焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢实现，其具有以质量%为单位的下列含量：
C 0.07至≤ 0.16
Si 0.12至≤ 0.80
Mn 1.00至≤ 2.20
Cr 0.50至≤ 1.60
Mo 0.10至≤ 1.00
Al 0.010至≤ 0.060
N 0.0020至≤ 0.0150
Ti 0.010至≤ 0.050
B 0.0008至≤ 0.0050
P ≤ 0.020
S ≤ 0.010
V + 2 x Nb 0.030至≤ 0.200
余量为铁以及常见的钢伴生元素。
本发明的高强度空气硬化焊接添加材料的特征在于，其用于在不需要镍、降低的钼含量、成本有利的合金概念以及相比于已知的空气硬化焊接添加材料而言降低的C和Mn含量的情况下实现出色的一般可焊性以及同时出色的成型性能。
本发明的焊接添加材料对于所有熔焊法，特别是金属保护气体焊接，此外对于借助三维印刷，例如借助激光熔体法或激光烧结法制造部件而言是极其适合的。
在3D印刷部件时或在借助堆焊以在三维成型的部件上施加强化时通过使用本发明的空气硬化焊接添加材料，此外在相对缓慢的冷却时由于极好的可硬化性而有利地避免热影响区中由于空气硬化效果的材料性能波动。
在研究中已证实，如果同时通过基于Cr-Mo-Ti-B的复杂合金概念再次改进该钢的可空气硬化性，对于空气硬化效果而言决定性的Cr含量可以降低至对于在焊接时避免碳化铬沉积物而言非临界（unkritisch）的值。
根据本发明，所述合金概念基于如下发现，即与用于无缝管的已知钢（在该情况下氮气必须完全被钛结合，以避免氮化硼沉积并因此确保所加入的硼的有效性）相反，氮气也可以被其它合金元素，例如 Cr或Mo结合。
相对于氮气而言超化学计量的钛添加量的规定因此不再是强制性必需的。通过加入钒，在更高的回火温度（Anlasstemperatur）下导致V(C,N)型碳氮化钒的沉积物，其通过二次硬化对抗强度下降。
与钒相当地，铌也形成碳化物或碳氮化物形式的沉积物。除了晶粒细化外，所述沉积物还可以有助于耐回火性的改进。
如果加入所述合金的两种元素，被证明有利的是以质量%为单位的V + 2 x Nb总和为0.030至≤ 0.200。
基于所述发现，确定上述的本发明合金概念，其中对于成本有利的合金概念、良好的焊接适合性和良好的可空气硬化性的组合而言被证明特别有利的是焊接添加材料的下列分析范围：
C 0.07至≤ 0.12
Al ≤ 0.05
Si 0.20至≤ 0.40
Mn 1.60至≤ 2.10
P ≤ 0.020
S ≤ 0.010
N 0.0030至≤ 0.0125，有利地0.0030至≤ 0.0080
Cr 0.70至≤ 0.85
Mo 0.20至≤ 0.35
Ti 0.02至≤ 0.04
V + 2 x Nb 0.05至≤0.12
B 0.0020至≤ 0.0040
余量为铁以及常见的钢伴生元素。
如对本发明焊接添加材料的进一步研究显示，所述钢不仅可以有利地在汽车领域中用于接合高强度钢，此外可用于由该钢材进行部件的3D印刷。在此，本发明的钢以粉末形式例如用于激光烧结，或以线材形式用于借助激光的堆焊。
如下再次列出本发明的空气硬化焊接添加材料的优点：
- 对于搭焊和堆焊而言极好的一般可焊性
- 用于经焊接的受静态和动态荷载的部件，
- 比相当的合金概念的成本更有利
- 极其适合于借助电弧焊接法或熔焊法进行部件的3D印刷。

Claims (13)

1.用作线材形式和/或粉末形式的焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢，其具有以质量%为单位的下列含量：
C 0.07至≤ 0.16
Si 0.12至≤ 0.80
Mn 1.00至≤ 2.20
Cr 0.50至≤ 1.60
Mo 0.10至≤ 1.00
Al 0.010至≤ 0.060
N 0.0020至≤ 0.0150
Ti 0.010至≤ 0.050
V + 2 x Nb 0.030至≤ 0.200
B 0.0008至≤ 0.0050
P ≤ 0.020
S ≤ 0.010
余量为铁以及常见的钢伴生元素。
2.根据权利要求1的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的C含量为0.07至≤ 0.12 %。
3.根据权利要求1或2的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的Si含量为0.20至≤ 0.40 %。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的Mn含量为1.60至≤ 2.10 %。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的N含量为0.0030至≤ 0.0125 %。
6.根据权利要求5的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的N含量为0.0030至≤ 0.0080 %。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的Cr含量为0.70至≤ 0.85 %。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的Mo含量为0.20至≤ 0.35 %。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的Ti含量为0.02至≤ 0.04 %。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的以V + 2 x Nb形式的钒和铌的总含量为0.05至≤ 0.12 %。
11.根据权利要求1-10任一项的焊接添加材料，
其特征在于，
所述钢的B含量为0.0020至≤ 0.0040 %。
12.根据权利要求1-11任一项的焊接添加材料，其用作用于由所述钢制成的部件的搭焊、堆焊和三维印刷的材料。
13.根据权利要求12的焊接添加材料，其用作用于电弧焊接，特别是金属保护气体焊接以及激光熔焊和激光烧结的材料。
CN201780015570.XA 2016-03-09 2017-02-28 用作焊接添加材料的高强度空气硬化钢 Pending CN108778612A (zh)

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