CN108766874A - 一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺 - Google Patents
一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,包括以下步骤:S1、沉积:在800℃的温度下,按照POCl3:O2=15:6的气体比例进行扩散,扩散时间为10‑15min;S2、升温:以8‑13℃/min的升温速度,使得温度升高至830‑860℃;S3、有氧推进:当温度达到830‑860℃后,通入O2流量为1000‑1500sccm,且保持时间10‑15min;S4、无氧推进:保持温度在830‑860℃,取消O2的通入,且保持时间3‑6min;S5、降温:以4‑8℃/min的降温速度,使得温度降低至780‑800℃;S6、低温退火:当温度达到780‑800℃后,通入O2流量为1000‑1500sccm,且保持时间8‑12min。本发明可以有效的降低硅片表面杂质浓度、优化杂质分布的浓度梯度、增加了少子寿命,最终提高太阳能电池的转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扩散技术领域,具体为一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺。
背景技术
晶硅太阳电池的制作过程主要包括:制绒、扩散、刻蚀、镀膜、印刷和烧结等。而扩散制作晶硅太阳电池的核心工序。目前,主要采用的扩散工艺是恒定源扩散(沉积)和限定源扩散(推进),该扩散方式在生产过程中容易引起表面杂质浓度过高,而形成“死层”,从而增加表面光生载流子的复合,降低太阳电池转换效率,同时,扩散后片内方阻均匀性较差,因此,降低表面杂质浓度、减少扩散引起的缺陷,提高扩散的均匀性,是提高晶硅电池转换效率的有效途径。
常规扩散工艺主要流程是前氧化、沉积、推进、降温、出炉,目前采用较多的扩散方法为:首先在780-800度左右对硅片进行前氧化,然后在800度下沉积,通过控制沉积的气体流量和工艺时间来控制引入杂质的总量;再然后将温度升到一定的温度(850-870度),同时通入一定量的氧气(400-800sccm),接下来进行降温至750-800度,最后出炉,完成扩散工艺具体工艺步骤如下:
前氧化----沉积----推进----降温----出炉,在上述工艺中,通过低温沉积控制杂质总量,因为低温下杂质在Si中的固溶度较低,为了达到一定的表面浓度需要沉积过量的磷杂质在表面沉积,推进的时候温度升高磷在硅中的固溶度变大可以将沉积在表面的过多磷原子溶入硅中,同时向硅内部扩散,但是表面仍存在一定量的磷原子从而导致了“死层”的厚度大。
现有的扩散工艺中,较为明显的缺陷有:1、进行前氧化,在硅片表面形成了一层二氧化硅层,阻碍了沉积过程中磷原子在硅片表面的附着,不利于推进过程中磷原子进一步向硅片内部的扩散运动;2、而且只采用一步推进可能会造成硅片表面形成过多的二氧化硅层,不利于后续湿法刻蚀对磷硅玻璃的去除从而容易形成表面不合格;3、最后降温之后直接出炉会导致温差差距较大,影响了杂质浓度梯度的分布,容易产生缺陷,降低了载流子寿命从而降低了太阳能电池的转换效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、沉积:在800℃的温度下,按照POCl3:O2=15:6的气体比例进行扩散,扩散时间为10-15min;
S2、升温:以8-13℃/min的升温速度,使得温度升高至830-860℃;
S3、有氧推进:当温度达到830-860℃后,通入O2流量为1000-1500sccm,且保持时间10-15min;
S4、无氧推进:保持温度在830-860℃,取消O2的通入,且保持时间3-6min;
S5、降温:以4-8℃/min的降温速度,使得温度降低至780-800℃;
S6、低温退火:当温度达到780-800℃后,通入O2流量为1000-1500sccm,且保持时间8-12min。
优选的,在步骤S1中,POCl3与O2的气体比例还可以为10:3。
优选的,在步骤S6完成后,进行出炉操作。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明取消前氧化,减少了沉积过程中形成的死层,提高了载流子的寿命;
2、本发明将一步高温推进分为有氧推进和无氧推进,高温有氧推进,避免三氯氧磷高温下分解产生的偏磷酸对硅片及石英炉管的污染和腐蚀,高温无氧推进,避免在硅片表面形成过多的二氧化硅层,不利于后续湿法刻蚀对磷硅玻璃的去除而形成表面不合格;
3、本发明低温退火,有效的增加了杂质浓度梯度的分布,降低了产生杂质浓度梯度缺陷的概率。
本发明通过取消前氧化,将一步推进分成有氧和无氧两步,并且增加低温退火的步骤,可以有效的降低硅片表面杂质浓度、优化杂质分布的浓度梯度、增加了少子寿命,最终提高太阳能电池的转换效率。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的常规扩散工艺的流程示意框图;
图2为本发明的扩散工艺的流程示意框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-2,本发明提供一种技术方案:
实施例一:
一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、沉积:在800℃的温度下,按照POCl3:O2=15:6的气体比例进行扩散,扩散时间为15min;
S2、升温:以13℃/min的升温速度,使得温度升高至850℃;
S3、有氧推进:当温度达到850℃后,通入O2流量为1500sccm,且保持时间15min;
S4、无氧推进:保持温度在850℃,取消O2的通入,且保持时间6min;
S5、降温:以8℃/min的降温速度,使得温度降低至780℃;
S6、低温退火:当温度达到780℃后,通入O2流量为1500sccm,且保持时间12min,在步骤S6完成后,进行出炉操作,得到扩散后的硅片。
实施例二:
一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、沉积:在800℃的温度下,按照POCl3:O2=10:3的气体比例进行扩散,扩散时间为15min;
S2、升温:以13℃/min的升温速度,使得温度升高至850℃;
S3、有氧推进:当温度达到850℃后,通入O2流量为1500sccm,且保持时间15min;
S4、无氧推进:保持温度在850℃,取消O2的通入,且保持时间6min;
S5、降温:以8℃/min的降温速度,使得温度降低至780℃;
S6、低温退火:当温度达到780℃后,通入O2流量为1500sccm,且保持时间12min,在步骤S6完成后,进行出炉操作,得到扩散后的硅片。
对比例:
采用现有技术中的常规扩散工艺进行扩散,然后与经过实施例一和实施例二的扩散工艺扩散后的硅片进行电学性能参数数据对比,对比数据如下表1所示:
表1
根据上述对比数据可以清晰的看出,采用本发明中实施例一和实施例二中的工艺扩散后的硅片,电学性能参数数据得到了明显的提升,实用性效果显著。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (3)
1.一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、沉积:在800℃的温度下,按照POCl3:O2=15:6的气体比例进行扩散,扩散时间为10-15min;
S2、升温:以8-13℃/min的升温速度,使得温度升高至830-860℃;
S3、有氧推进:当温度达到830-860℃后,通入O2流量为1000-1500sccm,且保持时间10-15min;
S4、无氧推进:保持温度在830-860℃,取消O2的通入,且保持时间3-6min;
S5、降温:以4-8℃/min的降温速度,使得温度降低至780-800℃;
S6、低温退火:当温度达到780-800℃后,通入O2流量为1000-1500sccm,且保持时间8-12min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,其特征在于:在步骤S1中,POCl3与O2的气体比例还可以为10:3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可以增加少子寿命并提高转换效率的扩散工艺,其特征在于:在步骤S6完成后,进行出炉操作。
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CN108010972A (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-05-08 | 润峰电力有限公司 | 一种mcce制绒多晶黑硅硅片扩散方法 |
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CN115172518A (zh) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-11 | 酒泉正泰新能源科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池的多次氧化扩散方法、制备方法 |
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