CN108766155B - Two-way-electrified parallel copper bar stress demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument - Google Patents
Two-way-electrified parallel copper bar stress demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN108766155B CN108766155B CN201810899683.7A CN201810899683A CN108766155B CN 108766155 B CN108766155 B CN 108766155B CN 201810899683 A CN201810899683 A CN 201810899683A CN 108766155 B CN108766155 B CN 108766155B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-energization parallel copper bar stress demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument which comprises an experiment table, a constant current source control box, a supporting arm, a copper bar energization lead, a copper bar torsion spring, a copper bar rotating shaft, a small wheel shaft, left and right copper bars, a fixed sliding plate moving chute and a millimeter ruler for measuring the position of the left and right rotating shafts, wherein the experiment table is provided with a first constant current source control box; the upper part of the experiment table is provided with an experiment table top, supporting legs are arranged below the experiment table, and a drawer is arranged between the experiment table top and the supporting legs; the two sides above the experiment table are provided with a right supporting arm and a left supporting arm, a lower beam and an upper beam are arranged between the right supporting arm and the left supporting arm, and a constant current source control box is arranged on the experiment table. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can demonstrate the phenomenon that the two copper bars attract each other with the same current and repel each other with different currents, and quantitatively measure the magnitude of the attraction or repulsion ampere force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical experiment devices, and particularly relates to a two-pass electric parallel copper bar stress demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument.
Background
The interaction of the current with the current is not direct but indirect, i.e. an interaction force that generates a force by means of a magnetic field. The current conducting wires can generate magnetic fields around the current conducting wires, and the magnetic fields have the action property of current in the magnetic fields, so that one current conducting wire can be subjected to the action of magnetic field force (ampere force) in the magnetic fields generated by the other current conducting wires, and the other current conducting wires can be subjected to the action of magnetic field force (ampere force) in the magnetic fields generated by the current conducting wires. As is well known, according to the direction of the current of the energizing wires, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the energizing wires can be judged by adopting a right-hand rule, when the two energizing wires are mutually positioned in the magnetic field of the energizing wires of the other side, the direction of the force applied by the two energizing wires in the magnetic field of the other side can be judged by adopting a left-hand rule, so that the mutual force-applying rule of the two parallel energizing wires can be obtained: the conclusion that the same current attracts and the different current repels.
Usually, people use two wires to demonstrate interaction force between two parallel energized wires, namely, two wires with the same current direction are led to attract, and two wires with different current directions are led to repel each other, through the demonstration experiment, although experimental phenomena of mutual attraction and repulsion can be seen, if two energized wires are used at random, the demonstration is inconvenient, the magnitude of ampere force cannot be quantitatively measured, and the relationship between ampere force and the change of ampere force along with the distance between two energized parallel wires and the current magnitude is known by the applicant, so far, no demonstration and quantitative measurement experimental instrument is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a two-power-on parallel copper bar stress demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument.
The experimental instrument for demonstrating and quantitatively measuring the stress of the two-pass electric parallel copper bars comprises an experiment table, a constant current source control box, a supporting arm, copper bar electric conduction wires, copper bar torsion springs, a copper bar rotating shaft, a small wheel shaft, left and right copper bars, a fixed sliding plate moving sliding chute and a millimeter ruler for measuring the positions of the left and right rotating shafts;
the upper part of the experiment table is provided with an experiment table top, supporting legs are arranged below the experiment table, and a drawer is arranged between the experiment table top and the supporting legs; a right support arm and a left support arm are arranged on two sides above the experiment table, a lower beam and an upper beam are arranged between the right support arm and the left support arm, and a constant current source control box is arranged on the experiment table; the left copper bar energizing lead comprises a left copper bar lower lead and a left copper bar upper lead, the left copper bar energizing lead led out from the left side of the constant current source control box is connected to a copper bar wiring collar at the lower end of the left copper bar through a left support arm and a lower Liang Yinchu left copper bar lower lead, and the left copper bar energizing lead led out from the left side of the constant current source control box is connected to a copper bar wiring collar at the upper end of the left copper bar through a left support arm and an upper Liang Yinchu left copper bar upper lead; the right copper bar energizing lead comprises a right copper bar lower lead and a right copper bar upper lead, the right copper bar energizing lead led out from the right side of the constant current source control box is connected to a copper bar wiring collar at the lower end of the right copper bar through a right supporting arm and a lower beam, and the right copper bar energizing lead led out from the right side of the constant current source control box is connected to a copper bar wiring collar at the upper end of the right copper bar through a right supporting arm and an upper beam;
the lower beam and the upper beam are respectively provided with a fixed slide plate moving chute, a fixed slide plate and a millimeter ruler for measuring the left and right rotation shaft positions; the fixed sliding plate is provided with a small wheel shaft and a copper bar torsion spring, the upper and lower small wheel shafts on the left side are respectively fixed with copper bar rotating shafts on the upper and lower ends of the left copper bar, the upper and lower small wheel shafts on the right side are respectively fixed with copper bar rotating shafts on the upper and lower ends of the right copper bar, and the copper bar rotating shafts are sleeved in the middle of the copper bar torsion spring; the connecting end of the fixed slide plate at the initial end of the copper bar torsion spring is fixed on the small pulley outer ring clamping ring at the outer side of the small pulley shaft on the fixed slide plate, and the final end of the copper bar torsion spring is fixed at the corresponding position of the connecting end of the copper bar rotating arms of the copper bar upper and lower rotating arms of the left and right copper bars; the left copper bar penetrates into copper bar through holes at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the copper bar measured on the left side and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings respectively and is fixed, and the right copper bar penetrates into copper bar through holes at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the copper bar on the right side and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings respectively and is fixed;
the corresponding position of the lower rotating arm of the copper bar is provided with an ampere force lower indicating needle, and the indicator is turned over to indicate the ampere force lower disc of the left and right copper bars; the corresponding position of the rotating arm on the copper bar is provided with an ampere force indicating needle, and the indicator is turned over to indicate the ampere force of the left copper bar and the right copper bar to be on the upper disc.
As preferable: the panel of the constant current source control box is provided with a constant current source power switch, an indicator lamp, a right copper bar power button, a left copper bar power button, a constant current magnitude increasing and decreasing knob, a constant current display screen and a current forward and reverse conversion button.
As preferable: the copper bar rotating shafts of the left copper bar and the right copper bar are sleeved in the inner ring of the small wheel shaft and fixedly connected with the inner ring of the small wheel shaft.
As preferable: the copper bar at the upper end of the left copper bar is connected with the left copper bar upper lead, and the energizing wiring lantern ring at the lower end of the left copper bar is connected with the left copper bar lower lead; the right copper bar penetrates into copper bar perforation holes at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the copper bar on the right side and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings respectively and fastened through copper bar wiring lantern ring fixing screws, the copper bar wiring lantern rings at the upper end of the right copper bar are connected with the upper right copper bar conducting wires, and the copper bar wiring lantern rings at the lower end of the right copper bar are connected with the lower right copper bar conducting wires.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention can demonstrate the phenomenon that the two copper bars attract each other with the same current and repel each other with different currents, and quantitatively measure the magnitude of the attraction or repulsion ampere force.
2. The invention can demonstrate the relation that the ampere force of two copper bars changes along with the distance between the two copper bars under the condition of keeping the current unchanged.
3. The invention adopts the torsion spring with proper elastic coefficient, and the magnitude of the ampere force is calculated according to the torsion value of the torsion spring and the torque principle, so that the magnitude of the ampere force is directly indicated at the appointed position of the ampere force indicating disc by adopting the ampere force indicating needle, and an experimenter can conveniently read the magnitude of the ampere force from the ampere force indicating disc.
4. The invention adopts four ampere force indicating discs to indicate the ampere force of the electrified copper rod, an experimenter can accurately read according to the indicating position of the ampere force indicating disc, and finally the ampere force of two copper rods is used as an accurate measurement value of the ampere force according to the weighted average value of the accurate readings of the four ampere force indicating discs.
5. The four ampere force indicating plates are fixed on the upper beam and the lower beam respectively by adopting the fixed semicircle of the fixed ampere force indicating plate, the center of the center hole just enables the rotating shaft and the torsion spring to freely rotate in the center hole, the ampere force indicating needle is skillfully fixed on the copper rod rotating arm, and the ampere force can be indicated on the ampere force indicating plate by adopting a corresponding structure.
6. In order to verify the relation between the ampere force applied to the two copper bars and the distance between the two copper bars, the fixed sliding plate sliding grooves are adopted on the upper beam and the lower beam, the distance between the two copper bars can be changed by sliding the fixed sliding plate, and meanwhile, the millimeter ruler for measuring the positions of the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft is arranged on the upper beam and the lower beam, so that the distance between the left copper bar and the right copper bar can be accurately measured.
7. The constant current source control box is adopted to provide current for the left copper bar and the right copper bar, so that the same-direction current can be provided for the left copper bar and the right copper bar, the reverse current can be provided for the left copper bar and the right copper bar, and meanwhile, the current can be continuously changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental instrument of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view and a top view of the structure of the torsion spring of the copper bar;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a small wheel axle;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the connection of copper bars, copper bar rotating arms, torsion springs, rotating shafts and other parts;
FIG. 5 is a right side view of the connection of the right copper bar, the torsion spring, the copper bar rotating arm, the rotating shaft, the fixed slide plate and other parts;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of the connection of the left copper bar, the torsion spring, the copper bar rotating arm, the rotating shaft, the fixed slide plate and other parts;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a partial structure of a copper bar rotating shaft, a small wheel shaft, a fixed slide plate, an upper beam, a lower beam and the like;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the torque generated by the torsion spring, the ampere force and the scale conversion of the indicator panel and the torque calculation relationship;
FIG. 9 is a top view of the copper bar rotating shaft, torsion spring and ampere force indicating disk;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a constant current source control box;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the analysis of magnetic field and attraction force generated by energizing two parallel copper bars in the same direction.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. support legs, 2 drawers, 3, an experiment table top, 4, a constant current source control box, 4-1, a constant current source power switch, 4-2, an indicator lamp, 4-3, a right copper bar energizing button, 4-4, a left copper bar energizing button, 4-5, a constant current magnitude increasing and decreasing knob, 4-6, a constant current display screen, 4-7, a current forward and reverse conversion button, 5, a right support arm, 5-0, a left support arm, 5-10, a lower beam, 5-20, an upper beam, 5-200, a rotation axis alignment line, 5-202, a fixed slide plate fixing screw chute, 5-203, a fixed slide plate, 5-204, a slide plate fixing screw, 6, a left copper bar energizing lead, 6-1, a left copper bar energizing lower lead, 6-2, a left copper bar energizing upper lead, 6-0, a right copper bar energizing lead, 6-01, a right copper bar electrifying lower lead, 6-02, a right copper bar electrifying upper lead, 6-10, a copper bar wiring sleeve ring, 7, a left copper bar ampere force indicating lower disc, 7-1, a left copper bar ampere force indicating upper disc, 7-0, a right copper bar ampere force indicating lower disc, 7-01, a right copper bar ampere force indicating upper disc, 7-11, an ampere force indicating lower disc fixed semicircle, 7-21, an ampere force indicating upper disc fixed semicircle, 8, a copper bar torsion spring, 8-0, a torsion spring section, 8-1, a fixed slide plate connecting end, 8-2, a copper bar rotating arm connecting end, 9, a copper bar rotating shaft, 10, a small wheel shaft, 10-0, a wheel bead, 10-1 and a small pulley inner ring, 10-4 parts of small pulley outer ring, 10-5 parts of small pulley outer ring collar, 11 parts of left copper rod, 11-0 parts of right copper rod, 11-1 parts of copper rod wiring collar fixing screws, 11-2 parts of copper rod lower rotating arms, 11-3 parts of copper rod upper rotating arms, 11-4 parts of ampere force magnitude lower indicating needles, 11-5 parts of ampere force magnitude upper indicating needles, 12 parts of fixed slide plate moving sliding grooves and 13 parts of millimeter gauges for measuring left and right rotating shaft positions.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The experimental instrument for demonstrating and quantitatively measuring the stress of the two electrified parallel copper bars comprises supporting legs 1, drawers 2, an experimental table top 3, a constant current source control box 4, supporting arms, copper bar electrified wires, copper bar torsion springs 8, copper bar rotating shafts 9, small wheel shafts 10, copper bars, fixed sliding plate moving sliding grooves 12 and millimeter ruler 13 for measuring the left and right rotating shaft positions, as shown in fig. 1.
Four supporting legs 1 are arranged below the experiment table, two drawers 2 are arranged between the experiment table surface 3 and the supporting legs 1, and the drawers 2 are used for placing tools, experiment articles and the like for adjusting the distance between rotating shafts. Right support arms 5 and left support arms 5-0 with proper widths are arranged on two sides above the experiment table top 3, and a lower beam 5-10 and an upper beam 5-20 are arranged between the right support arms 5 and the left support arms 5-0. A constant current source control box 4 is placed on the experiment table surface 3, and a constant current source power switch 4-1, an indicator lamp 4-2, a right copper bar power button 4-3, a left copper bar power button 4-4, a constant current magnitude increasing and decreasing knob 4-5, a constant current display screen 4-6 and a current forward and reverse conversion button 4-7 are arranged on the panel of the constant current source control box 4. The left copper bar electrifying lead 6 comprises a left copper bar electrifying lower lead 6-1 and a left copper bar electrifying upper lead 6-2, wherein the left copper bar electrifying lead 6 is led out from the left side of the constant current source control box 4, the left copper bar electrifying lower lead 6-1 is led out through a left support arm 5-0 and a lower beam 5-10 and is connected to a copper bar wiring collar 6-10 at the lower end of a left copper bar 11, the left copper bar electrifying lead 6 is led out from the left side of the constant current source control box 4, and the left copper bar electrifying upper lead 6-2 is led out through a left support arm 5-0 and an upper beam 5-20 and is connected to a copper bar wiring collar 6-10 at the upper end of the left copper bar 11; the right copper bar electrifying lead 6-0 comprises a right copper bar electrifying lower lead 6-01 and a right copper bar electrifying upper lead 6-02, the right copper bar electrifying lead 6-0 is led out from the right side of the constant current source control box 4, the right copper bar electrifying lower lead 6-01 is led out through the right support arm 5 and the lower beam 5-10 and is connected to a copper bar wiring collar 6-10 at the lower end of the right copper bar 11-0, the right copper bar electrifying lead 6-0 is led out from the right side of the constant current source control box 4, and the right copper bar electrifying upper lead 6-02 is led out through the right support arm 5 and the upper beam 5-20 and is connected to a copper bar wiring collar 6-10 at the upper end of the right copper bar 11-0, as shown in figures 1, 10, 4 and 5 and 6.
Fixed slide moving sliding grooves 12 and measuring left and right rotation axis position millimeter scales 13 for determining the positions of the fixed slide 5-203 of the left and right copper bars are respectively arranged on the lower beam 5-10 and the upper beam 5-20. The four fixed sliding plates 5-203 are respectively provided with a small wheel shaft 10 and a copper bar torsion spring 8, the upper and lower small wheel shafts 10 on the left side are respectively fixed with copper bar rotating shafts 9 on the upper and lower ends of a left copper bar 11, the upper and lower small wheel shafts 10 on the right side are respectively fixed with copper bar rotating shafts 9 on the upper and lower ends of a right copper bar 11-0, and the copper bar rotating shafts 9 of the left copper bar 11 and the right copper bar 11-0 are sleeved in small wheel shaft inner rings 10-1 of the small wheel shafts 10 and fixedly connected. The copper bar rotating shaft 9 is sleeved in the middle of the copper bar torsion spring 8, the fixed slide plate connecting end 8-1 at the beginning end of the copper bar torsion spring 8 is fixed on the small pulley outer ring clamping ring 10-5 on the fixed slide plate 5-203 corresponding to the outer side of the small pulley shaft 10, and the end of the copper bar torsion spring 8 is fixed at the corresponding position of the copper bar rotating arm connecting end 8-2 of the copper bar upper and lower rotating arms of the left and right copper bars, as shown in fig. 7.
The left copper bar 11 penetrates into copper bar perforation holes at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the left copper bar to be measured, is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings 6-10 respectively and is fixed tightly by copper bar wiring lantern ring fixing screws 11-1, the copper bar wiring lantern rings 6-10 at the upper end of the left copper bar 11 are connected with a left copper bar electrified upper lead 6-2, and the electrified wiring lantern rings 6-10 at the lower end of the left copper bar 11 are connected with a left copper bar electrified lower lead 6-1; the right copper bar 11-0 penetrates into copper bar perforation holes at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the copper bar on the right side and is sleeved into the copper bar wiring lantern rings 6-10 respectively and is fixed tightly by copper bar wiring lantern ring fixing screws 11-1, the copper bar wiring lantern rings 6-10 at the upper end of the right copper bar 11-0 are connected with the right copper bar electrified upper lead 6-02, and the copper bar wiring lantern rings 6-10 at the lower end of the right copper bar 11-0 are connected with the right copper bar electrified lower lead 6-01. The left copper bar energizing upper lead 6-2 and the left copper bar energizing lower lead 6-1, the right copper bar energizing upper lead 6-02 and the right copper bar energizing lower lead 6-01 are respectively converged into the left copper bar energizing lead 6 and the right copper bar energizing lead 6-0 to the constant current source control box 4 through the left supporting wall 5-0 and the right supporting wall 5 respectively, as shown in figures 1, 5, 6 and 4.
The ampere force lower indicator pins 11-4 of the left and right copper bars are arranged at the corresponding positions of the lower rotating arms 11-2 of the respective copper bars, the pointer is turned to indicate the ampere force lower discs of the respective left and right copper bars, the ampere force upper indicator pins 11-5 of the left and right copper bars are arranged at the corresponding positions of the upper rotating arms 11-3 of the respective copper bars, and the pointer is turned to indicate the ampere force upper discs of the respective left and right copper bars, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 9.
The copper bar torsion spring 8 is sleeved outside the copper bar rotating shaft 9, the initial end of the copper bar torsion spring 8 is fixed on the fixed sliding plate 5-203 on the outer side of the small wheel shaft 10, the tail end of the copper bar torsion spring 8 extends out of the supporting point to be connected with the accurate corresponding position of the copper bar rotating arm, namely, the copper bar rotating arm connecting end 8-2 of the copper bar torsion spring 8 is vertically fixed at the accurate position of the copper bar rotating arm and is fixedly connected with the copper bar rotating arm, in the natural state, the torsion force of the torsion spring is 0, namely, the torsion pointer just points to the middle 0 position of the torsion dial, in the state, the torsion force and the torsion pressure are respectively increased in the directions of increasing left and right angles, and the torsion force and the torsion pressure are respectively increased in the directions of decreasing angles, and the torsion force and the torsion pressure are reduced, as shown in figures 2, 4, 5 and 6.
The distance between the left copper bar and the right copper bar, namely the distance between the left copper bar rotating shaft and the right copper bar rotating shaft is changed, namely the distance between the left copper bar rotating shaft and the right copper bar rotating shaft is adjusted by fixing the small wheel shaft 10 on the fixed sliding plate 5-203, one end of the copper bar rotating shaft 9 is fixed on the inner side of the small wheel shaft 10, the other end of the copper bar rotating shaft is vertically and fixedly connected with the copper bar rotating arm, the copper bar torsion spring 8 is sleeved on the outer side of the copper bar rotating shaft 9, the fixed sliding plate connecting end 8-1 at the starting end of the copper bar torsion spring 8 is fixed on the outer side of the small wheel shaft 10 on the fixed sliding plate 5-203, so that the copper bar rotating arm is in a natural parallel state, namely under the condition that no current is introduced into the left copper bar and the right copper bar (namely no ampere force is applied to the left copper bar rotating shaft) and the distance between the left copper bar rotating shaft 9 and the right copper bar rotating shaft is the distance between the left copper bar and the right copper bar at the moment, the ampere force lower indicator needle 11-4 and the ampere force upper indicator needle 11-5 of the left and right copper bars indicate the central 0 position of the lower disc and the ampere force upper disc of the left and right copper bars, the distance between the left and right copper bars is changed, only the left and right fixed sliding plates 5-203 are required to move in the fixed sliding plate moving sliding groove 12, the distance between the rotating shaft alignment lines 5-200 of the left and right copper bar rotating shafts 9 can be read out at the millimeter ruler 13 measuring the left and right rotating shaft positions, after the distance between the fixed sliding plates 5-203 is determined, the fixed sliding plates 5-203 can be respectively and tightly fixed with the upper and lower beams by adopting the fixed screws 5-204 to penetrate through the fixed sliding plate fixed screw sliding grooves 5-202, as shown in figures 7, 5, 6 and 9.
1. Experimental procedure of the Experimental apparatus
1. If the attraction phenomenon of the left and right copper bars after the left and right copper bars are electrified with the same current in the same direction is to be demonstrated, the ampere force is measured. The position of the left and right copper bars corresponding to the fixed slide plate 5-203 can be adjusted to achieve a proper distance with good demonstration and measurement effects, the adjustment must ensure that the upper copper bar rotating shaft 9 and the lower copper bar rotating shaft 9 of the left and right copper bars are coaxial, the distance between the left and right copper bar rotating shafts 9 can be determined by the corresponding positions of the rotating shaft alignment line 5-200 of the fixed slide plate 5-203 and the scale reading on the millimeter ruler 13 measuring the left and right rotating shaft positions, a constant current source switch 4-1 and an indicator lamp 4-2 are used for lighting, a right copper bar power button 4-3, a left copper bar power button 4-4 and a constant current magnitude increasing and decreasing knob 4-5 are respectively used for enabling a constant current display screen 4-6 to display the same magnitude of current, namely, the left and right copper bars are communicated with the same current in the same direction and the same magnitude, the motion conditions of the left and right copper bars are observed, and the indication readings of the indicator needle 11-4 on a left and right copper bar ampere magnitude indicator disc and the indication disc of the indicator needle 11-5 on the left and right copper bar ampere magnitude indicator disc are read. Finally, 2 times of the average value of the four values is calculated, namely the magnitude value of ampere force;
2. if the repulsive phenomenon of the left and right copper bars after the left and right copper bars are electrified with opposite current is to be demonstrated, and the ampere force is measured. In this case, only the current forward and reverse conversion button 4-7 is pressed to make the current directions of the left and right copper bars opposite, the operation method and the measurement method of the constant current source control box 4 are similar to the same-direction current demonstration, the operation and the reading of measurement and the ampere force calculation method, at the moment, the left and right copper bars are observed to be separated from each other, namely the mutual repulsion phenomenon occurs, and meanwhile, the direction of the ampere force indicating needle on the ampere force indicating discs of the left and right copper bars is opposite to the direction indicated by the same-direction current;
3. and if the relation between the ampere force and the current flowing through the two copper bars is to be demonstrated and measured. Only the fixed sliding plate spacing corresponding to the left copper bar and the right copper bar is kept unchanged, the power-on current of the left copper bar and the right copper bar is respectively changed, the deflection condition of the left copper bar and the right copper bar is further observed, the reading of the position indicated by the pointer is read, and the reading is the same as the method for calculating the ampere force;
4. and if the relation between ampere force of the left and right copper bars and the distance between the left and right copper bars is to be demonstrated and measured. The relation between the ampere force and the distance can be demonstrated and measured only by changing the distance between the fixed sliding plates (namely the copper rod rotating shafts 9) of the left copper rod and the right copper rod for a plurality of times, and meanwhile, the current on the left copper rod and the right copper rod is kept unchanged, and the reading is the same as the method for calculating the ampere force.
2. Principle of various structures
1. Method and principle for marking magnitude of ampere force on ampere force indication dial
As shown in fig. 8, the torsion spring can store and release angular energy or statically fix a device by rotating the arm around the central axis of the spring body. The torsion spring is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the initial end of the torsion spring is sleeved outside the small wheel shaft 10 and fixed on the fixed sliding plate 5-203, and the other end (tail end) is clamped on the copper bar rotating arm through the torsion acting force end point of the torsion spring. The torsion spring is arranged to generate pushing force and pulling force on the copper bar rotating arm 1 Ampere force of attraction F 1 Ampere repulsive force F. If the left and right copper bars are attracted by ampere force F 1 After the repulsive force F, the left and right copper bars rotate around the rotation shaft 9 (O) through the copper bar rotating arms, and the torsion spring generates elastic tension F 1 (or thrust force f), i.e., ampere force, is reflected by the spring indicator value, so the pointer indicator value,i.e. ampere force of attraction F 1 The magnitude of the force (or repulsive force F) is based on the principle of moment balance: since F (F ') · l=f (F') · S, the scale indicating force on the scale indicating plate has the following magnitude:
F(F′)＝l/L·f(f′) ……(1)
and (3) marking the scales on the ampere force indicating disc according to the formula (1).
2. Description of connection mode of copper bar rotating arm and spring
As shown in fig. 4, the torsion spring is sleeved outside the copper bar rotating shaft 9, the initial end of the torsion spring is fixed on the fixed sliding plate 5-203 outside the small wheel shaft 10, the tail end of the torsion spring extends out of the supporting point to be connected with the accurate corresponding position of the copper bar rotating arm, namely, the copper bar rotating arm connecting end 8-2 of the torsion spring is vertically fixed at the accurate position of the copper bar rotating arm and is fixedly connected with the copper bar rotating arm, in the natural state, the torsion force of the torsion spring is 0, namely, the torsion pointer just points to the middle 0 of the torsion dial, in the state, the torsion force and the torsion pressure are respectively increased in the directions of increasing left and right angles, and the torsion force and the torsion pressure are respectively reduced in the directions of decreasing angles.
3. Constant current source control box function and use instruction
As shown in fig. 10, the constant current source control box 4 functions to: the constant current source control box 4 can be opened by adopting the constant current source power switch 4-1, the indicator lamp 4-2 is on, the right copper bar power button 4-3 and the left copper bar power button 4-4 are respectively pressed, the current sizes on the right copper bar 11-0 and the left copper bar 11 can be respectively displayed on the constant current display fluorescent screen 4-6, meanwhile, the current on the left copper bar and the right copper bar can be continuously increased and decreased by adopting the constant current size increasing and decreasing knob 4-5, and the current on the right copper bar 11-0 and the left copper bar 11 can be electrified in the same direction and in the opposite direction by adopting the current forward and reverse direction switching button 4-7, so that the effects of demonstrating ampere force attraction and repulsion and the expected experimental targets of numerical value measurement are achieved.
4. Description of the distance between two copper bars
As shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9, in order to verify that the ampere force generated by two electrified copper bars is related to the distance between the wires through experiments, the distance between the left copper bar and the right copper bar needs to be changed, and the distance between the left copper bar rotating shaft and the right copper bar rotating shaft is adjusted by fixing a small wheel shaft 10 on a fixed sliding plate 5-203, fixing one end of the copper bar rotating shaft 9 on the inner side of the small wheel shaft 10, vertically fixing the other end of the copper bar rotating shaft with a copper bar rotating arm, sleeving a copper bar torsion spring 8 on the outer side of the copper bar rotating shaft 9, fixing a fixed sliding plate connecting end 8-1 at the initial end of the copper bar torsion spring 8 on the outer side of the small wheel shaft 10 on the fixed sliding block 5-203, so that the copper bar rotating arm is in a natural parallel state, that is, under the condition that the left copper bar and the right copper bar are not electrified with current (i.e. are not subjected to ampere force), the distance between the left copper bar rotating shaft 9 and the right copper bar rotating shaft 9 is the distance between the left copper bar and the right copper bar, at this time, the ampere force lower indicator needle 11-4 and the ampere force upper indicator needle 11-5 of the left copper bar and the right copper bar indicate the center 0 position of the lower disc and the ampere force upper disc of the left copper bar and the right copper bar, in order to change the distance between the left copper bar and the right copper bar, only the left fixed slide plate 5-203 is required to move in the fixed slide plate moving chute 12, the distance between the rotating shaft alignment lines 5-200 of the left copper bar rotating shaft 9 can be read at the millimeter scale 13 measuring the left rotating shaft position and the right rotating shaft position, after the distance between the fixed slide plates 5-203 is determined, the fixed slide plate 5-203 can be tightly fixed with the upper beam and the lower beam by penetrating through the fixed slide plate fixing screw chute 5-202 by adopting the fixing screws 5-204.
3. Principle of experiment
As shown in FIG. 11, taking the example that the left and right copper bars are passed with a current with the same magnitude and direction, the intensity of the current passing through the left and right copper bars is I, the distance R from a certain point A around the lead to the lead is set as I, any current element Idl is taken on the lead, the distance from the investigation point is R, the magnetic field generated by the current element at the investigation point is perpendicular to the paper surface and inward, and the magnitude is
From the figure, it can be seen that
l=rtg phi, rcos phi=r, sinθ=cos phi, substituted into the above formula and integrated
φ 2 、φ 1 And the included angles between the connecting lines from the investigation point to the two ends of the lead and R are respectively.
The magnetic field B generated by the electrified wire a at the A position of the wire B, the magnetic field B generated by the electrified wire B at the B position of the wire a, the electrified wires a and B respectively receive the magnetic field acting force of the other side, and the acting forces can adopt a magnetic field force formula
F＝BIl ……(4)
F represents attractive force (or repulsive force), and it is apparent from equation (4) that the magnitude of the force F is proportional to the magnetic field B, the magnitude of the energizing current I, and the length l of the wire.
It should be emphasized that the method of judgment is judged by the left hand rule whether the attractive force or the repulsive force is adopted.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a parallel bar copper atress demonstration of two circular telegram and quantitative measurement experiment appearance which characterized in that: the device comprises an experiment table, a constant current source control box (4), a supporting arm, a copper bar energizing lead, a copper bar torsion spring (8), a copper bar rotating shaft (9), a small wheel shaft (10), a copper bar, a fixed sliding plate moving chute (12) and a millimeter ruler (13) for measuring the positions of left and right rotating shafts;
the upper part of the experiment table is an experiment table top (3), a supporting leg (1) is arranged below the experiment table, and a drawer (2) is arranged between the experiment table top (3) and the supporting leg (1); the two sides above the experiment table (3) are provided with a right supporting arm (5) and a left supporting arm (5-0), a lower beam (5-10) and an upper beam (5-20) are arranged between the right supporting arm (5) and the left supporting arm (5-0), and a constant current source control box (4) is arranged on the experiment table (3); the left copper bar energizing lead (6) comprises a left copper bar lower lead (6-1) and a left copper bar upper lead (6-2), the left copper bar energizing lead (6) led out from the left side of the constant current source control box (4) is connected to a copper bar wiring collar (6-10) at the lower end of the left copper bar (11) through a left supporting arm (5-0) and a lower beam (5-10), and the left copper bar energizing lead (6) led out from the left side of the constant current source control box (4) is connected to a copper bar wiring collar (6-10) at the upper end of the left copper bar (11) through the left supporting arm (5-0) and an upper beam (5-20); the right copper bar energizing lead (6-0) comprises a right copper bar lower lead (6-01) and a right copper bar upper lead (6-02), the right copper bar energizing lead (6-0) led out from the right side of the constant current source control box (4) is connected to a copper bar wiring collar (6-10) at the lower end of the right copper bar (11-0) through a right support arm (5) and a lower beam (5-10), and the right copper bar energizing lead (6-0) led out from the right side of the constant current source control box (4) is connected to a copper bar wiring collar (6-10) at the upper end of the right copper bar (11-0) through a right support arm (5) and an upper beam (5-20);
the lower beam (5-10) and the upper beam (5-20) are respectively provided with a fixed slide plate moving chute (12), a fixed slide plate (5-203) and a millimeter ruler (13) for measuring the left and right rotation shaft positions; the fixed sliding plate (5-203) is provided with a small wheel shaft (10) and a copper bar torsion spring (8), the upper and lower small wheel shafts (10) on the left side are respectively fixed with copper bar rotating shafts (9) on the upper and lower ends of a left copper bar (11), the upper and lower small wheel shafts (10) on the right side are respectively fixed with copper bar rotating shafts (9) on the upper and lower ends of a right copper bar (11-0), and the copper bar rotating shafts (9) are sleeved in the middle of the copper bar torsion spring (8); the fixed slide plate connecting end (8-1) at the initial end of the copper bar torsion spring (8) is fixed on the small pulley outer ring clamping ring (10-5) at the outer side of the small pulley shaft (10) on the fixed slide plate (5-203), and the final end of the copper bar torsion spring (8) is fixed at the corresponding position at the copper bar rotating arm connecting end (8-2) of the copper bar upper and lower rotating arms of the left and right copper bars; the left copper bar (11) penetrates into copper bar perforation at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the left copper bar to be measured and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) and fixed respectively, and the right copper bar (11-0) penetrates into copper bar perforation at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the right copper bar to be measured and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) and fixed respectively;
an ampere force lower indicator needle (11-4) is arranged at the corresponding position of the copper bar lower rotating arm (11-2), and the indicator is turned around to indicate the ampere force lower disc of the left copper bar and the right copper bar; an ampere force upper indicating needle (11-5) is arranged at the corresponding position of the rotating arm (11-3) on the copper bar, and the indicator is turned to indicate an upper disc on ampere force of the left copper bar and the right copper bar; a constant current source power switch (4-1), an indicator lamp (4-2), a right copper bar power button (4-3), a left copper bar power button (4-4), a constant current magnitude increasing and decreasing knob (4-5), a constant current display screen (4-6) and a current forward and reverse conversion button (4-7) are arranged on the panel of the constant current source control box (4); the copper rod rotating shafts (9) of the left copper rod (11) and the right copper rod (11-0) are sleeved in the inner ring (10-1) of the small wheel shaft (10) and fixedly connected.
2. The experimental instrument for demonstrating and quantitatively measuring stress of two-energized parallel copper bars according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the left copper bar (11) penetrates into copper bar perforations at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the left copper bar and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) respectively and is fastened through copper bar wiring lantern ring fixing screws (11-1), the copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) at the upper end of the left copper bar (11) are connected with left copper bar upper wires (6-2), and the energizing wiring lantern rings (6-10) at the lower end of the left copper bar (11) are connected with left copper bar lower wires (6-1); the right copper bar (11-0) penetrates into copper bar perforation holes at the end parts of the upper and lower rotating arms of the right copper bar and is sleeved into copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) respectively and is fastened through copper bar wiring lantern ring fixing screws (11-1), the copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) at the upper end of the right copper bar (11-0) are connected with the right copper bar upper lead (6-02), and the copper bar wiring lantern rings (6-10) at the lower end of the right copper bar (11-0) are connected with the right copper bar lower lead (6-01).
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| CN206441432U (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-08-25 | 贾明正 | A kind of senior middle school physics teaching ampere force presentation device |
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| CN2187823Y (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-01-18 | 浙江大学 | Lever type parallel wire electrics display instrument |
| CN2624314Y (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-07-07 | 尹利荣 | Demonstrator for magnetic field force between parallel currents |
| CN2775777Y (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-04-26 | 太原理工大学 | Ampere force demonstration device |
| RU103957U1 (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-04-27 | Рагозин Сергей Владимирович | DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF PHYSICAL PHENOMENA "UNIVERSAL" |
| CN205428325U (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-08-03 | 惠州学院 | Ampere force demonstration instrument |
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| CN107578681A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-12 | 张恺頔 | A kind of senior middle school's electromagnetic induction integrated experimental device |
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| CN104090255A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 天津市百利电气有限公司 | Primary-side clamp device for testing of straight-through current transformer and using method |
| CN206441432U (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-08-25 | 贾明正 | A kind of senior middle school physics teaching ampere force presentation device |
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