CN204007534U - A kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer - Google Patents
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN204007534U CN204007534U CN201420379633.3U CN201420379633U CN204007534U CN 204007534 U CN204007534 U CN 204007534U CN 201420379633 U CN201420379633 U CN 201420379633U CN 204007534 U CN204007534 U CN 204007534U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer, be specifically related to a kind of for optical fiber under different stretch state actual application ability and simulation practical application a kind of deformation stretching device.Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer comprises tensioning system, bearing optical fiber platform; Tensioning system is connected with bearing optical fiber platform.Having solved conventional optical-fiber deformation tensile test device can not be simple, accurately and under multi-state, monitor the shortcoming of distributing optical fiber sensing performance, this proving installation is controlled loading progress simply and effectively, can carry out the development of simulation fracture aperture by the removable dexterous formula stretching platform of final foundation, small strain monitoring and varied angle uprise the base application research of journey multi-state, avoid in some simulation laboratory tests optical fiber survival rate low, the modelling cycle is long, the problems such as weak effect and expense height, and then can study distributed optical fiber sensing technology in Complicated Loads condition and the pro forma deformation mechanism of various working and combination mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer and method of testing, be specifically related to a kind of for optical fiber under different stretch state actual application ability and simulation practical application a kind of deformation stretching device.
Background technology
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is constantly expanded as its application of a kind of New Sensing Technology, the sensing capabilities that optical fiber is good is the necessary condition that ensures optical fiber structure health monitoring, and optical fiber stretcher strain is the important indicator of distributed optical fiber sensing system sensing performance reliability.In practical engineering application, there is the deficiency of survival rate variance because of the performance reason of its material own in optical fiber, therefore cannot follow the trail of observation for processes such as the deformation failures of optical fiber in its practical application, even if shop experiment is also because survival rate is low, the reasons such as model cycle length and device are too rough and simple lack comprehensive to its analysis and research, accuracy and ageing, therefore the complex environment of efficient accurate replica test and convenient simulation multi-state is very crucial core technology of research distribution type fiber-optic, need to design a kind of range less, accurately with the manageable deformation stretcher of appearance.
Along with the development of structural health monitoring technology miniaturization, distributed direction, the ability of its monitoring of structures body microdeformation is more and more taken seriously.The stretching servo testing machine of optical fiber at present, expensive, complicated operation, take up space greatly and only can carry out the tension test of homogenous material performance, the more difficult tension test of accurately carrying out monitoring capability, especially can not simulate in practical application the deformation process of optical fiber under multi-state, hinder its more fundamental researchs and application.Present stage, with distributed optical fiber sensing complete sets of Techniques, device and the measuring technology of carrying out diversification, systematization, the accurate tension test of multi-state still belong to blank.
Utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer and method of testing for above-mentioned deficiency.
the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model, comprises tensioning system, bearing optical fiber platform; Described tensioning system is connected with bearing optical fiber platform;
Tensioning system comprises: front support steel plate, movable steel plate, rear support steel plate, connection spreader, handle terminal pad, turning handle, fixing with spreader, scale, threaded formula rotation spreader; Between described front support steel plate and rear support steel plate, be arranged vertically and be connected spreader and the fixing spreader of using, between front support steel plate and rear support steel plate, be provided with movable steel plate; Threaded formula is rotated spreader and is run through front support steel plate, and one end that screw-type rotates spreader is threaded with movable steel plate, the other end is provided with turning handle, and turning handle rotates spreader by handle terminal pad and threaded formula and is connected; Connect spreader and be provided with scale;
Bearing optical fiber platform comprises: band scale-type steel column, adjustable-angle mounting table, stretching end fixture, stiff end fixture; The described top that is arranged in rear support steel plate with scale-type steel column, the top of rear support steel plate is also provided with stiff end fixture; Adjustable-angle mounting table is arranged in the top of movable steel plate, and adjustable-angle mounting table is provided with the end fixture that stretches, and stretches and places optical fiber between end fixture and stiff end fixture.
Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model, described stiff end fixture is nested with on band scale-type steel column, slides along band scale-type steel column bearing of trend.
Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model, described adjustable-angle mounting table comprises band dial disc and screw-type steel column composition; Described band dial disc arranged beneath screw-type steel column, band dial disc card is provided with several scale circular holes, scale circular hole centered by the band dial disc center of circle along circumferential arrangement.
Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model, also comprises thermometric chamber; Described thermometric chamber is arranged on front support steel plate.
Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model; the indoor thermometer protective seam that is provided with of described thermometric; thermometer is fixed and is protected in thermometric chamber; by pressing thermometric chamber nuts, the tip screw rod with spring is pressed in threaded buckle, drives the rotation closure of thermometric chamber door-plate.
Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model, described stretching end fixture comprises the end clamp supporting table that stretches, screw-type steel column two, the end fixture that stretches rotates spreader, and the end fixture that stretches rotates hand; Band scale-type fiber clamp one; In described stretching end clamp supporting table, be provided with groove, in groove, be provided with two band scale-type fiber clamps one, the end fixture that stretches rotates spreader and extends in groove and be connected with band scale-type fiber clamp one respectively from the two ends of stretching end clamp supporting table, and the end fixture rotation spreader that stretches is provided with the end fixture that stretches and rotates hand; Stretch and hold clamp supporting table lower end to be provided with screw-type steel column two.
Distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer described in the utility model, described stiff end fixture comprises: steel plate is pinched button, pinches button bolt, stiff end fixture rotates spreader, stiff end fixture turning handle, band scale-type fiber clamp two, stiff end clamp supporting table; Stiff end clamp supporting table center is provided with boss, in boss, be provided with groove, in groove, arrange band scale-type fiber clamp two, stiff end fixture rotates spreader and extends into the groove in boss, and stiff end fixture rotation spreader one end is connected with band scale-type fiber clamp two, the other end is arranged stiff end fixture turning handle; Two legs are extended in the bottom of stiff end clamp supporting table, and the two ends of two legs are provided with steel plate and pinch button, and steel plate is pinched button and fixed by pinching button bolt and stiff end clamp supporting table.
The method of testing of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer, testing procedure is as follows:
Step 1: assembling, commissioning device build and adjust height and the angle of stiff end fixture 13 and the end fixture 8 that stretches;
Step 2: according to treating the initial gauge length of stretching optical fiber in test and connecting the scale on spreader with scale-type, rotate turning handle threaded formula rotation spreader is turned to the length consistent with initial gauge length;
Step 3: will treat that stretching optical fiber is laid in stiff end fixture according to test objective and stretches in end fixture, will stretch end fixture and stiff end fixture keep level, and it is fixing to hold fixture turning handle and stiff end fixture turning handle to be finely tuned by stretching;
Step 4: stretching optical fiber is connected on the optical-fiber deformation monitor based on pre-pumping Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology, and applies tensile load according to testing requirements;
Step 5: by the temperature variation in the record test of thermometric chamber, for environment temperature difference, the excessive or indoor extended state equitemperature that need keep for a long time affects the situation of can not ignore, the fiber optic temperature that can monitor according to thermometric chamber changes in conjunction with fiber optic temperature influence coefficient to be determined because the caused fibre strain value of variation of ambient temperature, and then the impact of deduction ambient temperature on optical fiber, realize fiber optic temperature compensation process.
Step 6: drive threaded formula to rotate spreader rotation by rotating turning handle, by the movement of threads turn and then drive activity plate platform, and then the movement of drive stretching end fixture, make optical fiber stretcher strain thereupon;
Step 7: use thermometric chamber monitor temperature result, based on optical fiber Brillouin frequency displacement
variation and temperature
variation relevant, and have good linear relationship, be formulated as
, can be write as
, wherein,
,
for temperature is
tand
t 0 time Brillouin shift amount,
for Brillouin's temperature coefficient,
be the variation value of the test specimen optical fiber section of being stretched temperature,
by caused Brillouin shift variable quantity because of temperature variation; Utilize above-mentioned formula can calculate the Brillouin shift value that optical fiber ambient temperature now causes, and then according to
can draw
, and then can draw
, finally can draw
, finally calculate because of the caused deformation value of extraneous tensile load, wherein,
by Yin Wendu and strain variation are caused Brillouin shift variable quantity,
by caused Brillouin shift variable quantity because of strain variation,
for the coefficient of strain,
for being caused strain value.
beneficial effect
The utility model has solved conventional optical-fiber deformation tensile test device can not be simple, accurately and under multi-state, monitor the shortcoming of distributing optical fiber sensing performance, this proving installation is controlled loading progress simply and effectively, can carry out the development of simulation fracture aperture by the removable dexterous formula stretching platform of final foundation, small strain monitoring and varied angle uprise the base application research of journey multi-state, avoid in some simulation laboratory tests optical fiber survival rate low, the modelling cycle is long, the problems such as weak effect and expense height, and then can study distributed optical fiber sensing technology in Complicated Loads condition and the pro forma deformation mechanism of various working and combination mechanism, it can be generalized in practical engineering application.
Utilize this testing tool to realize small strain and the small strain monitoring of structure in conjunction with pre-pumping brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing technology, significant for every researchs such as distribution type fiber-optic performances by means of the utility model device, it has light and handy, nimble, low manufacturing cost, is subject to the advantages such as little, the capable of being combined operating mode of external interference is many, usable range is wide.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of deformation stretching device of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is adjustable-angle mounting table detail structure chart in deformation stretching device of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the end fixture detail structure chart that stretches in deformation stretching device of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is thermometric chamber detail structure chart in deformation stretching device of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 is stiff end fixture detail structure chart in deformation stretching device of the present utility model.
In figure, the 1st, front support plate platform; The 2nd, activity plate platform; The 3rd, rear support plate platform; The 4th, connect spreader; The 5th, spreader nuts; The 6th, band scale-type steel column; The 7th, adjustable-angle mounting table; The 8th, end fixture stretches; The 9th, handle terminal pad; The 10th, turning handle; The 11st, fixing with spreader; The 12nd, scale; The 13rd, stiff end fixture; The 14th, thermometric chamber; The 15th, the fixing spreader nuts of using; The 16th, threaded formula is rotated spreader; The 17th, band angled type disk, the 18th, screw-type steel column 1; The 19th, screw-type steel column two; The 20th, the end fixture that stretches rotates spreader; The 21st, end fixture turning handle stretches; The 22nd, band scale-type fiber clamp one; The 23rd, end clamp supporting table stretches; The 24th, thermometric chamber nuts; The 25th, spring; The 26th, tip screw rod; The 27th, thermometer protective seam; The 28th, thermometer; The 29th, threaded buckle; The 30th, steel plate is pinched button; The 31st, pinch button bolt; The 32nd, pinch button nuts; The 33rd, stiff end fixture rotates spreader; The 34th, stiff end fixture turning handle; The 35th, band scale-type fiber clamp two; The 36th, stiff end clamp supporting table; The 37th, treat stretching optical fiber, the 40th, thermometric chamber door-plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described:
As shown in the figure: a kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer and method of testing, it is made up of tensioning system and bearing optical fiber platform two large divisions, wherein, the chief component of tensioning system is: front support steel plate 1, movable steel plate 2, rear support steel plate 3, connection spreader 4, spreader nuts 5, handle terminal pad 9, turning handle 10, fixing with spreader 11, scale 12, fixing with spreader nuts 15, threaded formula rotation spreader 16 etc.;
The chief component of bearing optical fiber platform is: band scale-type steel column 6, adjustable-angle mounting table 7, stiff end fixture 13, stretching end fixture 8 etc., front support steel plate 1, on movable steel plate 2 and rear support steel plate 3, be distributed with the circular hole of different size, connection spreader 4 is connected to spreader 12 with band scale-type to be crossed respectively in front support steel plate 1, the top circular hole of movable steel plate 2 and rear support steel plate 3, use and fixing front support steel plate 1 is connected with rear support steel plate 3 with spreader 11, and use spreader nuts 5 and the fixing spreader nuts 15 of using by its each self-retaining, use threaded formula to rotate spreader 16 and be communicated with front support steel plate 1 and movable steel plate 2, threaded formula is rotated spreader 16 and is connected with turning handle 10 by handle terminal pad 9, adjustable-angle mounting table 7 and band scale-type steel column 6 are individually fixed in to movable steel plate 2 and rear support steel plate 3, to treat that stretching optical fiber 37 is positioned over stretching end fixture 8 and stiff end fixture (13) is located.
Each assembly all can carry out free assembly and disassembly, to be convenient for changing and repacking test further.The mounting table that can be replaced with other types for adjustable-angle mounting table 7 when other testing requirementss has been prepared against the different demand of various tests.Connect spreader 12 with scale-type and be used for indicating the basic physical size for the treatment of stretching optical fiber 37.
This proving installation not only can testing level to optical fiber stretch, can also test the stretching that tilts of different elevations.By pinching button bolt 31, the steel plate of stiff end fixture 13 is pinched and buckle 30 and be connected in band scale-type steel column 6, and use to pinch and detain a nuts 32 and be fixed.On band scale-type steel column 6, can realize the stretching that tilts of different elevations according to fixed position difference, the position contacting with rear support plate platform 3 at stiff end fixture 13 is optical fiber horizontal stretching place.
This proving installation can also carry out the extension test on optical fiber different directions.On adjustable-angle mounting table 7, be laid with 8 angle circular holes that indicate 45 °, 0 ~ 360 ° of interval, in disc centre, place arranges center hole, and it is optical fiber horizontal stretch position place.Adjustable-angle mounting table 7 is made up of band angled type disk 17 and screw-type steel column 1.For the requirement of different tests, the end fixture 8 that stretches can be fixed in to different angles circular hole place by screw-type steel column 2 19.Locally in can analog optical fiber practical application be subject to the deformation extended state in horizontal stretch or the different vergence directions that may exist and different angles.
Distance between adjustment activity steel plate 2 and rear support steel plate 3, realizes the simulation of Crack Monitoring process.And tradition is layed in optical fiber wherein and then monitors the method in crack by analogue formation, there is the problems such as the long and expense of single test specimen nonrepeatability, modelling cycle is high in it.Use connects spreader 12 with scale-type and demarcates in advance the distance between good movable steel plate 2 and rear support steel plate 3, and set it as crack initial value, re-use turning handle 10 its distance can constantly be expanded to the process of destroying until optical fiber is broken by excessive fracture aperture by simulation fracture while pulling open, the deformation mechanism when being combined with adjustable-angle mounting table 7 and can analog optical fiber different angles crossing crack.
This proving installation utilizes the variation that thermometric chamber 14 can monitoring of environmental amount temperature.In the time of the tensile strain of analytical calculation optical fiber, can calculate using the monitoring result of thermometric chamber 14 as temperature compensation use.Thermometer protective seam 27 is fixed thermometer 28 and be protected in thermometric chamber 14; by pressing thermometric chamber nuts 24, the tip screw rod 26 with spring 25 is pressed in threaded buckle 29; the rotation closure that drives thermometric chamber door-plate 40, it can play to thermometric chamber 14 effect of protective separation.
The stiff end fixture 13 of this proving installation and the end fixture 8 that stretches are different, for stiff end fixture 13, it is the outer tape splicing scale-type of stiff end clamp supporting table 36 fiber clamp 2 35 with certain altitude, rotate stiff end fixture by stiff end fixture turning handle 34 and rotate spreader 33 its width of fine setting, and outer tape splicing scale-type fiber clamp 2 35 inside surfaces carry out the sign of grooving processing and center scale.The end fixture 8 that stretches holds clamp supporting table 23 to settle band scale-type fiber clamp 1 by stretching, hold fixture turning handle 21 circumgyration stretch end fixtures to rotate spreader 20 its width of fine setting by stretching, and be fixed on band angled type disk 17 by screw-type steel column 2 19.
The present embodiment will be taking SMF-28e general single mode fiber as treating that stretching optical fiber 37 is as example, the method for testing of distribution type fiber-optic Deformation Behavior under test deformation stretching condition:
Step 1: assembling, commissioning device build and adjust height and the angle of stiff end fixture 13 and the end fixture 8 that stretches.
Step 2: according to treating the initial gauge length of stretching optical fiber 37 in test and connecting the scale on spreader 12 with scale-type, rotate turning handle 10 threaded formula rotation spreader 16 is turned to the length consistent with initial gauge length.
Step 3: will treat that stretching optical fiber 37 is laid in stiff end fixture 13 according to test objective and stretches in end fixture 8, to stretch and hold fixture 8 and stiff end fixture 13 maintenance levels, and it is fixing to hold fixture turning handle 21 and stiff end fixture turning handle 34 to be finely tuned by stretching.
Step 4: receive on optical fiber information collecting device suitable stretching optical fiber 37 ports, and apply tensile load according to the testing requirements of setting;
Step 5: by the temperature variation in the record test of thermometric chamber 14, for the excessive situation of temperature contrast or indoorly need to keep for a long time the test under extended state need to consider temperature compensation effect.
Step 6: drive threaded formula rotation spreader 16 to rotate by rotating turning handle 10, by the movement of threads turn and then drive activity plate platform 2, and then drive stretching to hold the movement of fixture, make optical fiber stretcher strain thereupon, and by its stretcher strain amount of fiber-optic monitoring technical monitoring based on pre-pumping Brillouin optical time domain analysis.
Step 7: use thermometric chamber 14 monitor temperature results, based on optical fiber Brillouin frequency displacement
variation and temperature
variation relevant, and have good linear relationship, be formulated as
, can be write as
, wherein,
by caused Brillouin shift variable quantity because of temperature variation,
,
be divided into temperature
and initial temperature
under the value of Brillouin shift,
for temperature coefficient,
be the variation value of the test specimen optical fiber section of being stretched temperature, utilize above-mentioned formula can calculate the Brillouin shift value that optical fiber ambient temperature now causes, and then according to
can draw
, and then can draw
, finally calculate because of the caused deformation value of extraneous tensile load, wherein
for the coefficient of strain,
for being caused strain value.
As mentioned above, although represented and explained the utility model with reference to specific preferred embodiment, it shall not be construed as the restriction to the utility model self.Not departing under the spirit and scope prerequisite of the present utility model of claims definition, can make a variety of changes in the form and details it.
Claims (7)
1. a distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer, is characterized in that: comprise tensioning system, bearing optical fiber platform; Described tensioning system is connected with bearing optical fiber platform;
Tensioning system comprises: front support steel plate (1), movable steel plate (2), rear support steel plate (3), connection spreader (4), handle terminal pad (9), turning handle (10), fixing with spreader (11), scale (12), threaded formula rotation spreader (16); Between described front support steel plate (1) and rear support steel plate (3), be arranged vertically and be connected spreader (4) and the fixing spreader (11) of using, between front support steel plate (1) and rear support steel plate (3), be provided with movable steel plate (2); Threaded formula is rotated spreader (16) and is run through front support steel plate (1), one end that screw-type rotates spreader (16) is threaded with movable steel plate (2), the other end is provided with turning handle (10), and turning handle (10) rotates spreader (16) by handle terminal pad (9) and threaded formula and is connected; Connect spreader (4) and be provided with scale (12);
Bearing optical fiber platform comprises: band scale-type steel column (6), adjustable-angle mounting table (7), stretching end fixture (8), stiff end fixture (13); Described band scale-type steel column (6) is arranged in the top of rear support steel plate (3), and the top of rear support steel plate (3) is also provided with stiff end fixture (13); Adjustable-angle mounting table (7) is arranged in the top of movable steel plate (2), and adjustable-angle mounting table (7) is provided with the end fixture (8) that stretches, and stretches and places optical fiber (37) between end fixture (8) and stiff end fixture (13).
2. distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described stiff end fixture (13) is nested with at band scale-type steel column (6) upper, slides along band scale-type steel column (6) bearing of trend.
3. distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described adjustable-angle mounting table (7) comprises band dial disc (17) and screw-type steel column (18) composition; Described band dial disc (17) arranged beneath screw-type steel column (18), band dial disc (17) card is provided with several scale circular holes, scale circular hole centered by band dial disc (17) center of circle along circumferential arrangement.
4. distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise thermometric chamber (14); Described thermometric chamber (14) is arranged on front support steel plate (1).
5. distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer according to claim 4; it is characterized in that: in described thermometric chamber (14), be provided with thermometer protective seam (27) thermometer (28) is fixed and is protected in thermometric chamber (14); by pressing thermometric chamber nuts (24), the tip screw rod (26) with spring (25) is pressed in threaded buckle (29), drives the rotation closure of thermometric chamber door-plate (40).
6. distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stretching end fixture (8) comprises the end clamp supporting table (23) that stretches, screw-type steel column two (19), the end fixture that stretches rotates spreader (20), and end fixture turning handle (21) stretches; Band scale-type fiber clamp one (22); In described stretching end clamp supporting table (23), be provided with groove, in groove, be provided with two band scale-type fiber clamps one (22), the end fixture rotation spreader (20) that stretches extends into from the two ends of stretching end clamp supporting table (23) in groove and is connected with band scale-type fiber clamp one (22) respectively, stretches and holds fixture rotation spreader (20) to be provided with the end fixture turning handle (21) that stretches; Stretch and hold clamp supporting table (23) lower end to be provided with screw-type steel column two (19).
7. distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stiff end fixture (13) comprising: steel plate is pinched button (30), pinch button bolt (31), stiff end fixture rotates spreader (33), stiff end fixture turning handle (34), band scale-type fiber clamp two (35), stiff end clamp supporting table (36); Stiff end clamp supporting table (36) center is provided with boss, in boss, be provided with groove, in groove, arrange band scale-type fiber clamp two (35), stiff end fixture rotates spreader (33) and extends into the groove in boss, and stiff end fixture rotation spreader (33) one end is connected with band scale-type fiber clamp two (35), the other end is arranged stiff end fixture turning handle (34); Two legs are extended in the bottom of stiff end clamp supporting table (36), and the two ends of two legs are provided with steel plate and pinch button (30), and it is fixing with stiff end clamp supporting table (36) by pinching button bolt (31) that steel plate is pinched button (30).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420379633.3U CN204007534U (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420379633.3U CN204007534U (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of distribution type fiber-optic deformation tensilometer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104132622A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-11-05 | 河海大学 | Distributed optical fiber deformation tensile instrument and test method |
| CN114111614A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | Continuous deformation monitoring device and method for permanent steel formwork in construction period |
-
2014
- 2014-07-10 CN CN201420379633.3U patent/CN204007534U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104132622A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-11-05 | 河海大学 | Distributed optical fiber deformation tensile instrument and test method |
| CN114111614A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | Continuous deformation monitoring device and method for permanent steel formwork in construction period |
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Granted publication date: 20141210 Effective date of abandoning: 20150325 |
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