CN108761439A - Integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex - Google Patents
Integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex Download PDFInfo
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- CN108761439A CN108761439A CN201810424574.XA CN201810424574A CN108761439A CN 108761439 A CN108761439 A CN 108761439A CN 201810424574 A CN201810424574 A CN 201810424574A CN 108761439 A CN108761439 A CN 108761439A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
- G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
A kind of integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex for microwave photon multi-beam phased-array radar, it is led by the roads N traveling wave, N × M micro-loops beam splitter, N × M fix the true delay network of light, the roads M tunable optical really postpones array and the roads M train wave is led and constituted, N × M micro-loop the beam splitter is arranged into N rows, M row, and the N × M fixes the true delay network of light and is connected with the N × M micro-loop beam splitter.The present invention only needs M adjustable elements, you can realize M array elements, N wave beams phased-array radar, have the advantages that structure control it is simple, flexibly, integrated level is high, instant bandwidth greatly, high resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical phased array, especially a kind of integrated multi-beam optical phased array based on wavelength-division multiplex postpones net
Network.
Background technology
Radar is the transliteration of Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging), comes across eighties of last century earliest 30 years
Generation, its basic operation principle are mainly to receive the signal launched by receiver and carry out a series of calculation process,
To obtain distance, the angle information etc. of detection target.Radar needs the direction for constantly changing wave beam when searching for target.Change
The conventional method for becoming beam direction is rotary antenna, makes the inswept certain spatial domain of wave beam, ground or sea, referred to as mechanical scanning.
Using mechanical scanning work radar, that is, normal radar, due to the inertia of antenna, sweep speed is slow, precision is low, reliability not
It is high.The development of modern communications and military technology proposes increasingly higher demands, traditional mechanical scanning thunder to radar and antenna
Up to the needs that can no longer meet practical application；With the development of phase shifter at the beginning of the sixties and phasescan system, phased array thunder
Up to coming into being.
Phased-array radar, the i.e. abbreviation of phase controlling Electronically Scanned Array radar utilize the small-sized day of a large amount of unit controls
Line unit is arranged in antenna array, and each antenna element is controlled by independent phase switcher, is sent out by controlling each antenna element
The phase penetrated can synthesize out of phase wave beam.The electromagnetic wave of each antenna element transmitting of phased array synthesizes one with principle of interference
Close to straight radar main lobe, the inhomogeneities of each antenna element can form secondary lobe.Phased-array radar fundamentally solves biography
The various congenital problems for mechanical scanning radar of uniting, under identical aperture and operative wavelength, the reaction speed of phased array, target are more
New rate, multi-target tracking ability, resolution ratio, multifunctionality, electronic warfare capability etc. are all much better than conventional radar.
The new development of current international situation, the raising of new frame and various countries' military technology strength, all there is an urgent need to improve
Radar performance.In order to improve anti-interference ability, phased-array radar must have bandwidth as big as possible；In order to improve point of radar
Resolution, recognition capability and solve the problems, such as multi-target imaging, phased-array radar there must be big instant bandwidth；In order to anti-reflective spoke
The threat of boosted missile also requires the spread-spectrum signal using big instant bandwidth.Traditional coaxial cable delay line, surface acoustic wave
(SAW) delay line, charge coupling device (CCD) cannot meet the needs.Magnetostatic wave device technology and superconducting delay line technology from
It is practical far away.With the rapid development of Fibre Optical Communication Technology, various laser light sources, optical detector, optical modulator, light are opened
The active and passive devices such as pass have been commercialized.Microwave photon technology is also come into being, and has that instant bandwidth is big, loss is low, anti-
The advantages that electromagnetic interference.Therefore, really postpone the optics that optical technology introduces to realize that phased-array radar becomes as research hotspot.
In the past few decades, the scheme of various optics Beam-formers has been reported.Wherein, they are mostly based on optics shifting
Phase device, switching fiber delay matrix, liquid crystal polarized switching device, Wavelength tunable laser and dispersive optical elements etc..So
And these are made of discrete device, can bring the problems such as system is huge, stability is poor, and be all simple beam mostly at
L network.In order to reduce system bulk, quality and power consumption, improve stability, integrated photon technology is inevitable choice.Meanwhile being
Anti-jamming Ability for Radar and survival ability can be improved, launching beam energy is made full use of, improves radar data rate, Wo Menye
It needs to establish multi-beam phased array delay network.
Invention content
The present invention is based on existing microwave radar technologies and optical phased array technology, for traditional phased array technology institute
There are the problem of, propose a kind of integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex.The network can be realized pair
Directional transmissions while multiple wave beams, to obtain the radar scanning region of bigger.The network can realize big instant bandwidth, high score
The multiple-beam radar of resolution has the advantages that structure and control are simple, integrated level is high, has in phased-array radar chip potential
Application prospect.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution of the invention is as follows：
A kind of integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex, feature is, is led by the roads N traveling wave, N
× M micro-loops beam splitter, the true delay network of N × M fixation light, the roads M tunable optical really postpones array and the roads M train wave leads composition, the N
× M micro-loop beam splitter is arranged into N rows, M row, and the N × M fixes the true delay network of light and is arranged in the N × M micro-loop
Between beam splitter, specific connection relation is as follows：
The i-th tunnel traveling wave is led to be sequentially connected with M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row, M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row
Only to wavelength XiIt is divided, light is divided into M row, i.e. micro-loop point on pth row after M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row
The splitting ratio at the downloading end of beam device and straight-through end is 1：(M-p)；Pth train wave is led the N micro-loops beam splitter, N successively
The true delay line of fixed light, N-1 micro-loops beam splitter, N-1 fix the true delay line of light ..., the i-th micro-loop beam splitter, i-th fix light
True delay line ..., the 1st micro-loop beam splitter, the 1st compensation delay line be connected with the true delay line of pth tunable optical, wherein i=1,2 ...
N, p=1,2 ... M.
The roads the N traveling wave is led as input waveguide, wavelength λiLight the i-th tunnel traveling wave is input to after microwave signal is modulated
In leading (i=1,2 ... N), the input optical wavelength in different waveguide differs, and beamformer output number is equal to traveling wave derivative N.
The micro-loop beam splitter is that monocycle or polycyclic cascade structure are constituted, and Free Spectral Range is more than input wavelength most
Large-spacing.
N × the M fixes the true delay network of light and is made of the waveguide of N × M different length, is added in each micro-loop respectively
After beam splitter, the true delay line of M light on the 1st row is used to compensate the delay error of micro-loop beam splitter introducing, in addition to the 1st row its
The true delay line of remaining light meets the upper all delays of pth row and is equal to p Δs t1, wherein p=1,2 ... M.
The roads M tunable optical really postpones array respectively in the M row output waveguides of the fixed true delay network of light, and neighboring tunable light is true
The delay difference of delay line is Δ t, and delay difference Δ t numerical value is adjustable.
The true delay line of the tunable optical be multiple micro-loop cascaded structures, the digital adjustable delay cable architecture of photoswitch type or
Bragg-grating structure.
M train waves are led really to postpone behind array in tunable optical, realizes that signal output function, each train wave lead output λ1~λNWave
Long optical signal is λ for wavelengthiOutput optical signal, the delay difference of adjacent column waveguide is Δ t+ (i-1) Δs t1, wherein i=
1,2,…N。
The roads M train wave led into middle optical signal be input in M detector and be converted into microwave signal, by rear end it is electrically amplified after can
It is exported by antenna, realizing has M array element, the phased-array radar of N number of wave beam.
The deflection angle of each wave beam is adjusted by the delay difference Δ t of the true delay line of tunable optical, is had between adjacent beams
There is fixed differential seat angle, differential seat angle is by fixing the Δ t in the true delay network of light1It determines.
Further, the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex, micro-loop beam splitter
It can be made of monocycle or polycyclic cascade structure according to microwave centre frequency and bandwidth demand, Free Spectral Range is more than incoming wave
The splitting ratio of long largest interval, micro-loop beam splitter is changed by coupling between design micro-loop waveguide, and operation wavelength passes through micro-
Phase shifter in ring changes.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) present invention employs the true delay lines of light, can improve the instant bandwidth and resolution ratio of phased-array radar.
2) present invention can generate multi-beam, compared with simple beam radar, improve Anti-jamming Ability for Radar and existence energy
Power takes full advantage of launching beam energy, improves radar data rate.
3) present invention have the advantages that structure with control simply, size it is small, low in energy consumption.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the general frame structural representations of the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network of wavelength-division multiplex
Figure.
Fig. 2 is the experiment schematic diagram of 4 × 4 integrated multi-beam optical phased arrays of the embodiment of the present invention based on wavelength-division multiplex.
It is variable delay line that Fig. 3 (a) uses the concatenated structural schematic diagram of N number of micro-loop, Fig. 3 (b) for variable delay line part
Part uses the digital variable delay line structural schematic diagrams of photoswitch type N-bit.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is based on a variety of micro-loop beam splitter knots of the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network of wavelength-division multiplex
Structure schematic diagram.Fig. 4 (a) is the beam splitter structure based on single micro-loop, Fig. 4 (b) be based on the cascade beam splitter structure of double micro-loops,
Fig. 4 (c) is based on three cascade beam splitter structures of micro-loop.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment is with the skill of the present invention
Implemented premised on art scheme, gives detailed embodiment and operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the general frame structural representations of the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network of wavelength-division multiplex
Figure, as seen from the figure, a kind of integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex of the present invention, feature is, by N
Road traveling wave is led, N × M micro-loops beam splitter, N × M fix the true delay network of light, the roads M tunable optical really postpones array and the roads M train wave leads structure
At the N × M micro-loop beam splitter is arranged into N rows, M row, and the N × M fixation true delay networks of light are arranged in described
Between N × M micro-loop beam splitter, specific connection relation is as follows：
The i-th tunnel traveling wave is led to be sequentially connected with M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row, M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row
Only to wavelength XiIt is divided, light is divided into M row, i.e. micro-loop point on pth row after M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row
The splitting ratio at the downloading end of beam device and straight-through end is 1：(M-p)；Pth train wave is led the N micro-loops beam splitter, N successively
The true delay line of fixed light, N-1 micro-loops beam splitter, N-1 fix the true delay line of light ..., the i-th micro-loop beam splitter, i-th fix light
True delay line ..., the 1st micro-loop beam splitter, the 1st compensation delay line be connected with the true delay line of pth tunable optical, wherein i=1,2 ...
N, p=1,2 ... M.
The structure that embodiment is 4 × 4, as shown in Figure 2.The delay network is using the realization of silicon substrate optical waveguide, the ruler of silicon waveguide
Very little is 220nm × 500nm.4 road X-band (8~12GHz) microwave signals are modulated to wavelength respectively by external modulator
On the 4 road light of 1550nm, 1550.8nm, 1551.6nm and 1552.4nm.4 road light load microwave signals are led from 4 tunnel traveling waves defeated respectively
Enter.For micro-loop beam splitter using the cascade mode of double micro-loops, the radius of each micro-loop is 10 μm.Coupler between micro-loop, waveguide
Coefficient so that the band of micro-loop beam splitter is wider than 25GHz (being less than 100GHz).
Each traveling optical signal process flow is almost the same, is illustrated by taking fourth line signal processing flow as an example：
1) optical signal that a brewed wavelength is 1552.4nm is input to the 4th row input waveguide left end.
2) phase shifter in one's own profession micro-loop is adjusted in such a way that electricity is adjusted or heat is adjusted, makes the humorous of the micro-loop beam splitter of one's own profession
Vibration wave length is aligned with 1552.4nm.
3) when this traveling optical signal passes through 4 micro-loop beam splitters of row, by adjusting the coefficient of coup by the power of optical signal
It is divided into 4 tunnels and downloads to respectively on the row transmission waveguide on 4 tunnels, is i.e. pth row micro-loop beam splitter downloading end and straight-through end splitting ratio
It is 1：(4-p), wherein p=1,2 ... 4.When the optical signal of the wavelength passes through the micro-loop beam splitter of other rows, directly from straight-through end
Output, does not influence signal amplitude.
4) it is made of the waveguide of different length there are one the true delay line of fixed light after each micro-loop beam splitter, to passing
The defeated optical signal on each row generates fixed delay.4 true delay lines of light on 1st row are for compensating 4 micro-loop beam splitters
The delay error of introducing.The true delay line of its remaining light meets the very delay of the upper all light of pth row and is equal to p × 25ps in addition to the 1st row,
In, p=1,2,3,4.Since fourth line optical signal passes through all 4 row fixed delay lines, adjacent column output optical signal prolongs
Poor late is 75ps.
5) each row optical signal finally can all pass through a variable delay line, which is made of 3 series connection micro-loops,
The free spectrum width (FSR) of micro-loop is 0.8nm, can be carried out at the same time delay to 4 road wavelength simultaneously, is adjusted by electricity or heat is adjusted
Mode adjusts coupling and the resonance wavelength of each ring, realizes that delay is adjustable, and signal delay difference is fixed as Δ between adjacent column
t。
6) thus wavelength be 1552.4nm signal to be output to the delay difference of adjacent column waveguide be Δ t+75ps, due to Δ t
It is adjustable, so wave beam 4 can turn to.
The process flow of the optical signal of other each rows substantially with it is consistent above, since the optical carrier wavelength of every row signal differs
Sample is allowed to be aligned with optical carrier wavelength so needing to adjust the resonance wavelength of the micro-loop beam splitter of each row.Due to every traveling optical signal
After assigning to each row, since the time quantity of the delay of the fixed delay line of process is different, so for each traveling optical signal, phase
Delay difference between adjacent column is different.Wavelength XiSignal delay difference be Δ t+ (i-1) × 25ps (i=1,2 ... 4), i.e., not
The input signal of co-wavelength can generate different beamformer outputs.4 road train waves are led into middle optical signal and are input to 4 detector transfers
It changes microwave signal into, by can be exported by antenna after the electric amplifier of rear end, realizes the phased array thunder with 4 array elements, 4 wave beams
It reaches.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of different variable delay lines.Wherein (a) is the concatenated structural schematic diagram of N number of micro-loop, coupling
Part uses MZI structures, and broadband, flat adjustable delay may be implemented by adjusting coupling and resonance wavelength.(b) it is photoswitch
The structural schematic diagram of the digital variable delay lines of type N-bit, by control photoswitch state, select different delay paths with
Reach different delay times.Delay step-length is δ t, and delayed scope is 0~(2N-1)δt。
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of different micro-loop beam splitters, wherein (a) is the micro-loop beam splitter being made of single micro-loop,
(b) it is to cascade the micro-loop beam splitter constituted by double micro-loops, is (c) to cascade the micro-loop beam splitter constituted by three micro-loops.Pass through design
Coupler coefficient between micro-loop, waveguide, to change the splitting ratio of micro-loop beam splitter；Operation wavelength passes through the phase shifter in micro-loop
To change.The number of micro-loop beam splitter cascade micro-loop is more, and the bandwidth of beam splitting is bigger, but the coefficient of coup equally to be adjusted
Number also becomes more, and operation difficulty becomes larger, so suitable micro-loop beam splitter need to be selected according to actual conditions.
It is simple with control based on such scenario-frame of the invention, instant bandwidth and the resolution of phased-array radar can be improved
Rate improves Anti-jamming Ability for Radar and survival ability, takes full advantage of launching beam energy, improves radar data rate, makes
The performance of radar greatly promotes.Using integrated photon technology, it may have small, the low in energy consumption advantage of size,
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to invention
Technical solution is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit of the technical scheme of the invention and range, should all be covered
In scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that led by the roads N traveling wave, N ×
M micro-loops beam splitter, N × M fix the true delay network of light, the roads M tunable optical really postpones array and the roads M train wave leads composition, and the N ×
M micro-loop beam splitter is arranged into N rows, M row, and the N × M fixes the true delay network of light and the N × M micro-loop beam splitter
It is connected, specific connection relation is as follows：
The i-th tunnel traveling wave is led to be sequentially connected with M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row, and M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row is only right
Wavelength XiIt is divided, light is divided into M row, i.e. micro-loop beam splitter on pth row after M micro-loop beam splitter of the i-th row
Downloading end and the splitting ratio at straight-through end be 1：(M-p)；Pth train wave, which is led, successively fixes the N micro-loops beam splitter, N
The true delay line of light, N-1 micro-loops beam splitter, N-1 fix the true delay line of light ..., the i-th micro-loop beam splitter, the i-th fixation light really prolongs
Slow line ..., the 1st micro-loop beam splitter, the 1st compensation delay line be connected with the true delay line of pth tunable optical, wherein i=1,2 ... N, p
=1,2 ... M.
2. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
The roads the N traveling wave is led as input waveguide, wavelength λiLight (i=during the i-th tunnel traveling wave is led is input to after microwave signal is modulated
1,2 ... N), the input optical wavelength in different waveguide differs, and beamformer output number is equal to traveling wave derivative N.
3. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
The micro-loop beam splitter is that monocycle or polycyclic cascade structure are constituted, and Free Spectral Range is more than the largest interval of input wavelength.
4. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
N × the M fixes the true delay network of light and is made of the waveguide of N × M different length, be added in respectively each micro-loop beam splitter it
Afterwards, the true delay line of M light on the 1st row is used to compensate the delay error of micro-loop beam splitter introducing, its remaining light is really prolonged in addition to the 1st row
Slow line meets the upper all delays of pth row and is equal to p Δs t1(p=1,2 ... M).
5. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
The roads M tunable optical really postpones array respectively in the M row output waveguides of the fixed true delay network of light, the true delay line of neighboring tunable light
Delay difference is Δ t, and delay difference Δ t numerical value is adjustable.
6. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
The true delay line of the tunable optical is multiple micro-loop cascaded structures, the digital adjustable delay cable architecture of photoswitch type or Prague light
Grid structure.
7. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
M train waves are led really to postpone behind array in tunable optical, realizes that signal output function, each train wave lead output λ1~λNThe light of wavelength is believed
Number, it is λ for wavelengthiOutput optical signal, the delay difference of adjacent column waveguide is Δ t+ (i-1) Δs t1, wherein i=1,2 ... N.
8. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
The roads M train wave led into middle optical signal be input in M detector and be converted into microwave signal, by rear end it is electrically amplified after can be defeated by antenna
Go out, realizing has M array element, the phased-array radar of N number of wave beam.
9. the integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network according to claim 1 based on wavelength-division multiplex, which is characterized in that
The deflection angle of each wave beam is adjusted by the delay difference Δ t of the true delay line of tunable optical, is had between adjacent beams fixed
Differential seat angle, differential seat angle is by fixing the Δ t in the true delay network of light1It determines.
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| CN114114534A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-03-01 | 中科鑫通微电子技术(北京)有限公司 | Optical pulse time delay device |
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