CN103414519A - Optically-controlled microwave beam forming networks - Google Patents
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Abstract
Optically controlled microwave beam forming networks comprise 2N single frequency DFB lasers of different wavelengths, , 2N electro-optic intensity modulators, 2N *1 passive wavelength division multiplexers, an optical fiber, 1*2N optical beam splitter, 2N fiber collimator, a time delay network module, 2N coupled lenses, 2N photoelectric detectors and 2N low noise amplifiers, wherein N is an integer larger than 2. The optically controlled microwave beam forming networks have the advantages of the high signal to noise ratio, good dynamic performance, high time delay precision, continuous adjustability, and good stability, and are easy to be extended in the system array size.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the broadband Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna, particularly a kind of light control microwave beam shaper.
Background technology
Beam-former (BFN-Beam Forming Networks) is the core of phased array radar and smart antenna, it is by controlling phase difference or the true delay inequality of each microwave link in array, make the specific direction of radiation field in far field of each microwave radiation source produce interference greatly, reach the purpose of energy directional emission (or reception).Change phase difference or true delay inequality between each microwave link, control with the sensing to wave beam.
Wave beam forms, is in essence to receive (emission) to obtain specific directional diagram by processing many array element, and be prerequisite and the basis that modern radar and electronic counter-measures equipment have good tactics and performance.
Light control microwave beam shaper (referred to as OBFN) is a kind of technology that optical fiber radio (RoF) technology is combined with optically controlled phased array antennas (referred to as OPAA) technology.Wherein the RoF technology utilizes opto-electronic device to realize the modulation of the signal of telecommunication, transmission and frequency translation etc.; Wherein opto-electronic device and system so that its volume is little, lightweight, loss is little, anti-electromagnetic interference, be with roomy, channel capacity advantages of higher, can solve the problems that the traditional microwave millimeter-wave systems exists, meet the needs of future broadband wireless communication systems; Can be applicable to the fields such as radio signal transmission, remote antenna, wireless access; The OPAA technology comprises power division, directional transmissions of wide-band microwave signal etc., is mainly used in smart antenna and phased array radar.The Beam-former of employing microwave phase shifter is operated under broadband and there will be the beam tilt phenomenon, and adopts the beam-forming network of truetimedelay (True Time Delay, referred to as TTD) can overcome the beam tilt effect under broadband; Early stage TTD network using electricity structure realizes, volume is large, be subject to electromagnetic interference.Along with the development of broadband, little, the lightweight optics of volume and optical information processing technique, the method that people start to seek Application Optics solves the design that wave beam forms.
The beam-forming network of traditional employing phase shifter exists the beam tilt effect [referring to document [1] Michael Y.Frankel and Ronald D.Esman, True Time-Delay Fiber-optic Control of an ultrawideband Array Transmitted Receiver with Multibeam Capability], , more than adopting the high 30dB of noise factor of optical multi-beam shaper with respect to the external modulation link that adopts the single-frequency light source of wide spectrum light source, have a strong impact on the signal to noise ratio of system, the dynamic range of restriction system, be not suitable for occasion that used for vector transfer signal etc. has higher requirements to noise (referring to document [2] Reconfigurable Optical Beamformer for Simplified Time Steered Arrays, US2002/0181874A1, Dec.5, 2002), therefore native system adopts the single-frequency light source, the signal modulation system adopts the external modulation mode, the dispersion characteristics of the more employing medium of time-delay network part of the Beam-former emerged are (referring to document [3] Photonic dual RF beam reception of an X band phased array antenna using a photonic crystal fiber-based true-time-delay beamformer, Harish subbaraman, Applied Optics, 47, 6448, 2008) and optical switch produce time delay (referring to document [2] Reconfigurable Optical Beamformer for Simplified Time Steered Arrays, US2002/0181874A1, Dec.5, 2002, document [4] Optical beam former for high frequency antenna arrays), for the time-delay network that adopts dispersion characteristics, exist and be difficult for controlling effectively fast beam scanning, beam scanning speed is slow, response speed is slow, the shortcomings such as delay precision is not high, and real-time is poor, and operability is not strong, because optical switch is comparatively expensive, to 4x4 optics Beam-former, need the optical switch number adopted to be 16 and produce different time delays, and can not realize the adjustable continuously of time delay, adopt optical switch to form the time delay array, can cause the cost costliness, the control structure complexity, can only realize the scanning of part wave beam, practical value is not high,
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of light control microwave beam shaper is provided, this Beam-former has that signal to noise ratio is high, dynamic characteristic good, delay precision is high, the advantage such as adjustable, good stability continuously, and is convenient to carry out the expansion of systems array scale.
The technology of the present invention solution is as follows:
A kind of light control microwave beam shaper, characteristics are that its formation comprises 2
NThe single-frequency Distributed Feedback Laser, 2 of individual different wave length
NIndividual electric light intensity modulator, 2
NThe passive wavelength division multiplexer of x1, optical fiber, 1x2
NBeam splitter, 2
NIndividual optical fiber collimator, time-delay network module, 2
NIndividual coupled lens, 2
NIndividual photodetector and 2
NIndividual low noise amplifier, wherein n is the positive integer more than 2, the position relationship of above-mentioned component is as follows:
2
NThe output of the single frequency laser of individual different wave length is respectively with 2
NThe light signal input of individual electric light intensity modulator is connected, and the RF signal that the phased array radar array element is caught is connected via the electric signal input end of electric light intensity modulator, and described 2
NThe output of individual electric light intensity modulator is respectively with described 2
N2 of the passive wavelength division multiplex device of x1
NInput is connected, and these are 2 years old
NOne end of the described optical fiber of output termination of the passive wavelength division multiplex device of x1, the described 1x2 of another termination of this optical fiber
NThe input of beam splitter, this 1x2
N2 of beam splitter
NOutput is respectively with 2
NThe input of individual optical fiber collimator is connected, and these are 2 years old
N2 of the output of individual optical fiber collimator and described time-delay network module
NInput is corresponding, and this time-delay network module comprises 2
NThe time-delay network unit that the road optical path difference is adjustable, the output of each time-delay network unit is connected through coupled lens, photodetector and low noise amplifier successively.
Described time-delay network module is comprised of the 45° angle right-angle prism, comprises that the number of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group is respectively 2n-1,2n-2 ... 2,1,0; The number of the right-angle prism of the second right-angle prism group is respectively 0,1,2 ... 2n-1; The number of the right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group is respectively 2n-1,2n-1 ... 2n-1; the first right-angle prism group, the second right-angle prism group and the 3rd right-angle prism group arrange from top to bottom, in the second right-angle prism group, the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is relative with the hypotenuse of right-angle prism in the 3rd right-angle prism group and be spaced apart 0 ground and be fixed on same transverse plane, the abscissa that in the abscissa that in the second right-angle prism group, the hypotenuse mid point of right-angle prism is corresponding and the 3rd right-angle prism group, the end points of the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is corresponding is consistent, the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group is relative with the hypotenuse of right-angle prism in the 3rd right-angle prism group, spacing is d, and the abscissa that in abscissa corresponding to the mid point of the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group and the 3rd right-angle prism group, the end points of the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is corresponding is consistent, described the first right-angle prism group is adjusted the spacing d of the first right-angle prism group and the 3rd right-angle prism group under motor drives, the collimated light beam of incident first incides the corresponding right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group, through the 3rd right-angle prism group, the right-angle prism light of the second right-angle prism group and the first right-angle prism group turn back and glass medium in the light path compensation of delay after by the output of the second right-angle prism group or the first right-angle prism group, send into coupled lens.
The microwave signal RF that the phased array antenna array is sent into is by the RF electric signal input end input of electrooptic modulator, and the output light of Distributed Feedback Laser is input to the light signal input of EOM, due to electro optic effect, on the output beam of EOM, just can be loaded with the information of this RF signal, 2
NThe suchlike modulation in road has the lightwave signal of RF signal to be multiplexed on a road optical fiber through dense wave division multiplexer, through Optical Fiber Transmission, far-end by the beam splitting of passive beam splitting device obtain separately 2
NThe road lightwave signal, these are 2 years old
NThe road lightwave signal then through optical fiber collimator by optical fiber become intensity identical 2
NThe bundle free space optical, send into 2 of time-delay network module
NGroup prism group is to produce different time delays; By the outgoing of prism group, contain 2
NThe directional light of individual wavelength is advanced on the photosurface of photodetector by Lens Coupling; The signal of surveying amplifies output through low noise amplifier LNA.By adjusting the relative position of set of lenses, can realize the continuous sweep to spacing multi-beam;
The most basic principle of this device is interference theory, and adjacent two bundle ripples optical path difference after phased array antenna is dsin θ, and wherein d is the spacing of aerial array, and θ is the polarizing angle (or azimuth) of wave beam.When the difference of two optical path differences transmitted in the prism group of bundle ripples and dsin θ is the integral multiple of wavelength, interfere reinforcement, according to the RST detected, azimuth that can wave beam.The signal received due to phased array radar is in the GHz magnitude, and therefore feasible operation is that the two is equated, namely optical path difference is zero;
The present invention compares with technology formerly, has the following advantages:
1. although the optical multi-beam shaper of existing employing wide spectrum light source is to tilt without wave beam, but link noise is than more than the high 30dB of noise that adopts the single-frequency optical link, have a strong impact on the signal to noise ratio of system, the dynamic range of restriction system, be not suitable for the occasion that used for vector transfer signal etc. has higher requirements to noise, and the stability of wide spectrum light source signal in broadband range is low than the single-frequency light source, the present invention adopts single-frequency light source De Ge road signal independently to regulate, and can conveniently regulate the gain balance on each road;
2. the present invention utilizes the tunable optical path difference as time delay, with other, adopt the dispersion technology to realize that time delay has higher delay precision and has the continuously adjustable function of time delay, can carry out the fast continuous scan of wave beam, fast response time, real-time, be more suitable for the application in actual external field environment; Than adopting optical switch to realize time delay, can greatly reduce the cost of system, reduce the structural complexity of system, realize wave beam more wide region, continuous azimuthal scanning, have less delay time error, corresponding azimuth measurement error is less, has higher practical value;
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of optics Beam-former device of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the light splitting technology scheme that the embodiment of the present invention adopts
The method is divided into 4 light beams by a branch of multiplexed beam, and purpose is that the light wave of being convenient in time delay network in the back to be loaded with according to difference the RF signal produces different time delays;
Fig. 3 is time-delay network module embodiment optics time delay schematic diagram of the present invention
Embodiment
First refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of optics Beam-former device of the present invention, as seen from the figure, light control microwave beam shaper of the present invention, its formation comprises 2
NThe single-frequency Distributed Feedback Laser 101,2 of individual different wave length
NIndividual electric light intensity modulator 102,2
NThe passive wavelength division multiplexer 103 of x1, optical fiber 104,1x2
N Beam splitter 105,2
NIndividual optical fiber collimator 106, time-delay network module 107,2
NIndividual coupled lens 108,2
N Individual photodetector 109 and 2
NIndividual low noise amplifier 110, wherein n is the positive integer more than 2, the position relationship of above-mentioned component is as follows:
2
NThe output of the single frequency laser 101 of individual different wave length is respectively with 2
NThe light signal input of individual electric light intensity modulator 102 is connected, and the RF signal that the phased array radar array element is caught is connected via the electric signal input end of electric light intensity modulator 102, and described 2
NThe output of individual electric light intensity modulator 102 is respectively with described 2
N2 of the passive wavelength division multiplex device 103 of x1
NInput is connected, and these are 2 years old
NOne end of the described optical fiber 104 of output termination of the passive wavelength division multiplex device 103 of x1, the described 1x2 of another termination of this optical fiber 104
NThe input of beam splitter 105, this 1x2
N2 of beam splitter 105
NOutput is respectively with 2
NThe input of individual optical fiber collimator 106 is connected, and these are 2 years old
NThe output of individual optical fiber collimator 106 is connected with the input of described time-delay network 107, and this time-delay network 107 comprises 2
NThe time-delay network unit that the road optical path difference is adjustable, the output of each time-delay network unit are connected through coupled lens 108, photodetector 109 and low noise amplifier 110 successively.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is time-delay network module embodiment optics time delay schematic diagram of the present invention, n=2 in embodiment,
Described 4 tunnel time-delay network modules 107 are comprised of the 45° angle right-angle prism, comprise that the number of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group I is respectively 3,2,1,0; The number of the right-angle prism of the second right-angle prism group is respectively 0,1, and 2,3; The number of the right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group III is respectively 3,3,3,3; the first right-angle prism group I, the second right-angle prism group II and the 3rd right-angle prism group III arrange from top to bottom, in the second right-angle prism group II, the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is relative with the hypotenuse of right-angle prism in the 3rd right-angle prism group III and be spaced apart 0 ground and be fixed on same transverse plane, the abscissa that in the abscissa that in the second right-angle prism group II, the hypotenuse mid point of right-angle prism is corresponding and the 3rd right-angle prism group III, the end points of the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is corresponding is consistent, the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group I is relative with the hypotenuse of right-angle prism in the 3rd right-angle prism group (III), spacing is d, and the abscissa that in abscissa corresponding to the mid point of the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group I and the 3rd right-angle prism group III, the end points of the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is corresponding is consistent, described the first right-angle prism group I is adjusted the spacing d of the first right-angle prism group I and the 3rd right-angle prism group III under motor drives, the collimated light beam of incident first incides the corresponding right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group III, through the 3rd right-angle prism group III, the right-angle prism light of the second right-angle prism group II and the first right-angle prism group I turn back and glass medium in the light path compensation of delay after by the output of the second right-angle prism group II or the first right-angle prism group I, send into coupled lens.
By the distance between continuous step by step modulating the first prism group of stepping motor and prism group, can realize each modulation is had the scanning of the light wave of RF signal, namely realized the measurement to RF signal amplitude and azimuth parameter; In II group prism, adding some prisms is in prism, to transmit in order to eliminate each light wave the optical path difference produced as optical path delay, make optical path difference only depend between the border of prism group I and II, III apart from the d size; For the 2nx2n network, the right-angle prism number of the first prism group I, the second prism group II, prism group III is respectively 2n-1,2n-2 ... 2,1,0 and 0,1,2 ... 2n-1 and 2n-1,2n-1 ... 2n-1;
The microwave signal RF of phased array antenna array received is modulated on the emergent light of Distributed Feedback Laser 101 by electrooptic modulator 102, 4 wavelength interval, tunnels be on the single-frequency light carrier of 100GHz all modulation the RF signal of different frequency is arranged, 4 tunnel modulation have the lightwave signal of RF signal to be multiplexed on a road optical fiber through dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) device 103, optical fiber 104 transmission through a segment length, at far-end, obtain 4 road lightwave signals separately by passive beam splitting device (Splitter) 105 beam splitting, then through optical fiber collimator 106, optical fiber is become to free space optical, send into time-delay network module 107 to produce different time delays, the directional light that contains 4 wavelength by 111 outgoing of prism group is coupled on the photosurface of photodetector 109 by lens 108, the signal of surveying amplifies through low noise amplifier LNA110.By adjusting the relative position of set of lenses 111, can realize the continuous sweep to spacing multi-beam; Time delay network module 107 adopts integrated optics technique to realize the optical multi-beam time-delay network, can realize the fine adjustment of every road time delay and change continuously, and the variations in temperature to environment is insensitive, can realize the measurement of the RF signal of different orientations is very suitable for to the application under actual battlefield surroundings.
In the time-delay network module, II prism group, III group prism group have added some prisms to determine for eliminate the time delay of transmitting generation at each group light in prism, time delay is only had the path of transmitting in air dielectric;
It is 23.92ps that wish produces time delay, 2d/c=t, d=ct/2=3*10^8*23.92*10^ (12)/2=3.6mm; Corresponding 11.5 ° of incident RF signal incidence angles;
The generation time delay is 59.82ps, d1=ct/2=3*10^8*59.82*10^ (12)/2=9mm; Corresponding 29.9 ° of RF signal incidence angles;
For Mo Kuai Installed school, II group (following one group) prism group fixed adjustment is good, I group prism in the same horizontal line (laterally) fixing, vertical direction is adjustable continuously, by drive motors, regulate the size of vertical direction d, produce continuously adjustable time delay, can survey the RF signal of different orientations.
The present embodiment, the 4=2 that we adopt
2The wavelength of road single frequency laser is ITU specified standard passage, is convenient to adopt the dense wave division multiplexer spare DWDM of ITU channel spacing 100GHz; Port number by selecting wavelength division multiplex device and the number that increases the single-frequency light source be array extending quantity easily, produces 16x16, the 32x32 Beam-former.
Claims (2)
1. a light control microwave beam shaper, be characterised in that its formation comprises 2
NThe single-frequency Distributed Feedback Laser (101), 2 of individual different wave length
NIndividual electric light intensity modulator (102), 2
NThe passive wavelength division multiplexer of x1 (103), optical fiber (104), 1x2
NBeam splitter (105), 2
NIndividual optical fiber collimator (106), time-delay network module (107), 2
NIndividual coupled lens (108), 2
NIndividual photodetector (109) and 2
NIndividual low noise amplifier (110), wherein n is the positive integer more than 2, the position relationship of above-mentioned component is as follows:
2
NThe output of the single frequency laser of individual different wave length (101) is respectively with 2
NThe light signal input of individual electric light intensity modulator (102) is connected, and the RF signal that the phased array radar array element is caught is sent into the electric signal input end of electric light intensity modulator (102), described 2
NThe output of individual electric light intensity modulator (102) is respectively with described 2
N2 of the passive wavelength division multiplex device of x1 (103)
NInput is connected, and these are 2 years old
NOne end of the described optical fiber of output termination (104) of the passive wavelength division multiplex device of x1 (103), the described 1x2 of another termination of this optical fiber (104)
NThe input of beam splitter (105), this 1x2
N2 of beam splitter (105)
NOutput is respectively with 2
NThe input of individual optical fiber collimator (106) is connected, and these are 2 years old
NThe output of individual optical fiber collimator (106) is connected with the input of described time-delay network (107), and this time-delay network (107) comprises 2
NThe time-delay network unit that the road optical path difference is adjustable, the output of each time-delay network unit are successively through coupled lens (108), photodetector (109), by low noise amplifier (110) output microwave signal.
2. light control microwave beam shaper according to claim 1, is characterized in that described 2
NRoad time-delay network module (107) is comprised of the 45° angle right-angle prism, comprises that the number of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group (I) is respectively 2n-1,2n-2 ... 2,1,0; The number of the right-angle prism of the second right-angle prism group (II) is respectively 0,1,2 ... 2n-1; The number of the right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group (III) is respectively 2n-1,2n-1 ... 2n-1; the first right-angle prism group (I), the second right-angle prism group (II) and the 3rd right-angle prism group (III) arrange from top to bottom, relative and the longitudinal separation of the hypotenuse of the hypotenuse of right-angle prism and the middle right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group (III) is that 0 ground is fixed on same horizontal plane in the second right-angle prism group (II), the abscissa that the abscissa that the hypotenuse mid point of right-angle prism is corresponding in the second right-angle prism group (II) and the end points of the hypotenuse of the middle right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group (III) are corresponding is consistent, the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group (I) is relative with the hypotenuse of right-angle prism in the 3rd right-angle prism group (III), spacing is d, and the abscissa that in abscissa corresponding to the mid point of the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism of the first right-angle prism group (I) and the 3rd right-angle prism group (III), the end points of the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is corresponding is consistent, described the first right-angle prism group (I) is adjusted the spacing d of the first right-angle prism group (I) and the 3rd right-angle prism group (III) under motor drives, the collimated light beam of incident first incides the corresponding right-angle prism of the 3rd right-angle prism group (III), through the 3rd right-angle prism group (III), the right-angle prism light of the second right-angle prism group (II) and the first right-angle prism group (I) turn back and glass medium in the light path compensation of delay after by the output of the second right-angle prism group (II) or the first right-angle prism group (I), send into coupled lens.
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| CN108761439A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | Integrated multi-beam optical phased array delay network based on wavelength-division multiplex |
| CN108847892A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of wide band radio-frequency Beamforming Method and device based on photonics |
| CN108847892B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | photonic-based broadband radio frequency beam forming method and device |
| CN109274453A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | A kind of multiple wavelength optical signal delay process network |
| CN110501783A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-26 | 吉林大学 | A kind of less fundamental mode optical fibre Beam Forming System |
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