CN113725717B - Two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array and design method thereof - Google Patents
Two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array and a design method thereof, wherein the two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array comprises the following components: the power divider comprises a plurality of parallel input power dividing transmission lines, a plurality of parallel output power dividing transmission lines, a plurality of amplitude-phase control units and a plurality of adjustable resistance load units, wherein the parallel input power dividing transmission lines and the parallel output power dividing transmission lines are arranged in a staggered mode, each input power dividing transmission line is divided into a plurality of input lines, each input line is connected with one amplitude-phase control unit, each output power dividing transmission line is divided into a plurality of output lines, each output line is connected with one amplitude-phase control unit, and the output end of each input power dividing transmission line and the input end of each output power dividing transmission line are connected with one adjustable resistance load unit. The invention provides a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array with smaller size and simple structure, which effectively improves the integration level of the design of a multi-beam phased array chip, reduces the cost and has wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductors, in particular to a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array and a design method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of phased array radars, the demand of people on the control of the wave speed of an antenna is continuously improved, and the research on a control circuit is deeper. The multi-beam phased array radar can realize rapid scanning detection airspace by simultaneously forming multiple beams, can also effectively track a plurality of rapidly moving targets, and is a great advantage of the phased array radar. The traditional multi-beam phased array mainly realizes signal distribution through a power divider with the equal electrical length related size of a Wilkinson structure, and with the increase of beams, the distribution network of the power divider is extremely complicated due to the fact that multiple paths of wires are arranged and more intersections occur, and the size is increased in proportion, so that the size of the power distribution synthesis network gradually exceeds the beam amplitude phase control unit, and the insertion loss is increased in proportion.
Even though the size of the phased array can be effectively reduced through a Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology, the design difficulty of the multi-beam power synthesis network is increased along with the increase of beams, and the occupied area becomes the main difficulty that the miniaturization of a chip is limited and the cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the distribution network of the power divider becomes very complex and the size increases proportionally with the increase of the wave beam of the traditional multi-wave beam phased array, so that the size of the power distribution synthesis network gradually exceeds the wave beam amplitude phase control unit, and the insertion loss increases proportionally.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array, including: the power divider comprises a plurality of parallel input power dividing transmission lines, a plurality of parallel output power dividing transmission lines, a plurality of amplitude and phase control units and a plurality of adjustable resistance load units.
The multi-path parallel input power division transmission lines and the multi-path parallel output power division transmission lines are arranged in a staggered mode, each path of input power division transmission line is divided into a plurality of input lines, each path of input line is connected with one amplitude-phase control unit, each path of output power division transmission line is divided into a plurality of output lines, each path of output line is connected with one amplitude-phase control unit, each amplitude-phase control unit is connected with one path of input line and one path of output line, and the output end of each path of input power division transmission line and the input end of each path of output power division transmission line are connected with one adjustable resistance load unit.
Preferably, the input power division transmission line and the output power division transmission line each include three types of transmission segments, namely an interconnection transmission segment, a load absorption transmission segment, and a phase compensation transmission segment;
the interconnection transmission section is set as a uniform transmission section with characteristic impedance of a preset impedance value;
the load absorption transmission section is used for being connected with the amplitude-phase control unit, so that the equivalent characteristic impedance of the whole body formed by connecting the load absorption transmission section and the amplitude-phase control unit is a preset impedance value;
the phase compensation transmission section is used for performing phase compensation on signals, and the characteristic impedance of the phase compensation transmission section is a preset impedance value.
Preferably, all the input power dividing transmission lines and all the output power dividing transmission lines are preset structure transmission lines, the first section and the tail section of each preset structure transmission line are both set as interconnection transmission sections, a plurality of sections of load absorption transmission sections are arranged between the first section and the tail section of each preset structure transmission line, two adjacent sections of load absorption transmission sections are connected through one section of phase compensation transmission section, and the input line or the output line is divided from the middle of each section of load absorption transmission section and is connected with the amplitude-phase control unit.
Preferably, the amplitude and phase control unit comprises a first adjustable gain amplifier, a phase shift controller and a second adjustable gain amplifier which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, an adjustable capacitor is connected between the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit and the ground end, and an adjustable capacitor is also connected between the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit and the ground end.
Preferably, the adjustable resistive load unit comprises a power supply network, an adjustable resistor and a bypass capacitor which are connected in sequence, wherein the power supply network is used for isolating an alternating current signal in an input signal of the adjustable resistive load unit and providing a direct current power supply.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a method for designing the two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array, including:
determining a preset impedance value of a transmission line with a preset structure;
measuring the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude-phase control unit, and designing a load absorption transmission section connected with each amplitude-phase control unit based on the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude-phase control unit, so that the equivalent input characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit, and the equivalent output characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit;
placing all the amplitude and phase control units, measuring the phase shift generated by the signal when each load absorption transmission section and the amplitude and phase control unit connected with the load absorption transmission section are taken as a whole, and designing phase compensation transmission sections for connecting to the output ends of the corresponding load absorption transmission sections respectively based on the phase shift;
correspondingly connecting all the designed load absorption transmission sections and all the designed phase compensation transmission sections based on the placing sequence of all the amplitude and phase control units to form a multi-path parallel temporary input power division transmission line and a multi-path parallel temporary output power division transmission line, wherein the multi-path parallel temporary input power division transmission line and the multi-path parallel temporary output power division transmission line are arranged in a staggered mode, and meanwhile, an input line or an output line is divided in the middle of each section of the load absorption transmission section and is correspondingly connected with the amplitude and phase control unit;
placing all the adjustable resistors, respectively designing interconnection transmission sections at two ends of each temporary input power division transmission line and two ends of each temporary output power division transmission line based on the placement of all the adjustable resistors, all the signal input interfaces and all the signal output interfaces, and then respectively connecting all the designed interconnection transmission sections with the corresponding temporary input power division transmission lines and the corresponding temporary output power division transmission lines to form a multi-path parallel input power division transmission line and a multi-path parallel output power division transmission line;
and setting the staggered interfaces of all the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines in a ground shielding isolation mode, so that the signal transmission of the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines at all the staggered interfaces is not influenced.
Preferably, the step of measuring the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude and phase control unit, and designing a load absorption transmission section connected to each amplitude and phase control unit based on the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude and phase control unit, so that the equivalent input characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude and phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected to the input end thereof, and the equivalent output characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude and phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected to the output end thereof further comprises:
and respectively connecting an adjustable capacitor between the input end and the grounding end of part or all of the amplitude-phase control units and between the output end and the grounding end, and adjusting the currently designed load absorption transmission section, so that the equivalent input characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit connected with an adjustable capacitor is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit, and the equivalent output characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit connected with an adjustable capacitor is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the input ends of all the adjustable resistors are respectively connected with a power supply network, and the output ends of all the adjustable resistors are respectively connected with a bypass capacitor.
Preferably, the phase compensation transmission section is designed from a left-handed transmission section and an interconnecting transmission section.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
by applying the two-dimensional dot-matrix multi-beam phased array provided by the embodiment of the invention, the power distribution network formed by the staggered arrangement of the multi-path parallel input power division transmission lines and the multi-path parallel output power division transmission lines is inserted between the amplitude and phase control units, so that the occupied area of the traditional power division structure is effectively avoided, the input and output matching network size of the amplitude and phase control unit is reduced, in addition, the crossed arrangement of the multi-path input power division transmission lines or the multi-path output power division transmission lines is also avoided, the interference generated by the cross coupling of the transmission lines is reduced, the integration of any input and output beams is realized, and the two-dimensional dot-matrix multi-beam phased array has larger advantages and application space in single-chip integration and is applied to the field of semiconductors. The invention provides a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array with smaller size and simple structure, effectively improves the integration level of the design of a multi-beam phased array chip, reduces the cost, and can be widely applied to wireless communication systems of radio frequency/microwave/millimeter wave frequency bands.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a gain diagram of 4 channels of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating input reflection coefficients of 4 channels of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating output reflection coefficients of 4 channels of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array design method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The traditional phased array unit is mainly realized in a discrete form, and the amplitude and phase control unit or the amplifying unit are connected through an integrated board. With the development of integrated circuit technology, a plurality of amplitude and phase control units are integrated on a single chip and then interconnected through an integrated board, so that the integration difficulty of the integrated board is greatly reduced and the cost of the whole array is reduced. The Wilkinson power divider can realize the distribution and synthesis of signals, and is widely applied to the synthesis and distribution application of multi-path signals with simple structure and excellent performance.
The integration requirement of the novel radar detection and communication integrated system on the integration level is more rigorous, and the integration requirement on the functional chip is more rigorous. In order to increase the number of wave beams of the phased array radar, more channels are monolithically integrated, so that the assembly complexity can be effectively reduced, the channel consistency is improved, and the chip integration complexity is improved. Along with the development of an integration technology, the requirement of a single chip for integrating multi-channel input and multi-channel output is provided, the size of the traditional Wilkinson power divider is large and is related to the electrical length, the area of power division power sum can be multiplied by adopting the commonly used 1-to-2 Wilkinson power divider for realizing multi-channel synthesis, and cross wiring is needed among multi-channel input or output signals on a layout, so that the complexity of the layout is greatly increased, and the isolation between the signals is reduced. In addition, when the Wilkinson power divider realizes multi-channel signal distribution, each channel of output signals can be reduced by half of energy signals when the first-stage distribution is added, and the inherent loss of the Wilkinson power divider is increased in proportion.
Example one
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 1, a two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of parallel input power division transmission lines, a plurality of parallel output power division transmission lines, a plurality of amplitude and phase control units, and a plurality of adjustable resistive load units.
The power distribution network is formed by arranging a plurality of parallel input power distribution transmission lines and a plurality of parallel output power distribution transmission lines in a staggered mode. Each input power division transmission line can be divided into a plurality of input lines, and each input line is connected with the input end of one amplitude-phase control unit; each output power division transmission line is divided into a plurality of output lines, and each output line is respectively connected with the output end of one amplitude-phase control unit. It should be noted that, one amplitude and phase control unit is connected with only one input line and one output line. And the output end of each input power dividing transmission line is connected with an adjustable resistance load unit, and similarly, the input end of each output power dividing transmission line is also connected with an adjustable resistance load unit. The power distribution network solves the problem that the integrated area cannot be effectively reduced due to loss increase caused by the power distribution network and the complex structure with overlarge area in the multi-beam phased array circuit. It should be noted that the input line and the output line are both wires, which are different from the transmission line, so that the characteristic impedance of the input line and the output line does not need to be considered in design.
Preferably, the multiple input power dividing transmission lines are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, the multiple output power dividing transmission lines are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, the multiple input power dividing transmission lines and the multiple output power dividing transmission lines are criss-cross to form a two-dimensional dot matrix power distribution network, and the multiple amplitude and phase control units are arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals.
Furthermore, the input power division transmission line and the output power division transmission line respectively comprise three types of transmission sections, namely an interconnection transmission section, a load absorption transmission section and a phase compensation transmission section. The interconnection transmission section is substantially a section with a characteristic impedance of a predetermined impedance value Z0A uniform transmission section for setting an input impedance to a predetermined impedance value Z0Point of (c) and another input impedance being a predetermined impedance value Z0The points are connected without reflection, thereby ensuring that the signal can be well transmitted from one point to another without distortion. The load absorption transmission section is a transmission line capable of absorbing load parasitics and is used for being connected with the amplitude-phase control unit, so that the equivalent characteristic impedance of the whole body formed by connecting the load absorption transmission section and the amplitude-phase control unit is a preset impedance value Z0(ii) a That is, after the load absorbs the parasitic load at the input end or the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit, the load can be equivalent to a section of standard characteristic impedance which is a preset impedance value Z0The transmission line of (1). Meanwhile, in order to adapt to layout, the invention also provides a phase compensation transmission section, and the characteristic impedance of the phase compensation transmission section is also a preset impedance value Z0The method is mainly used for realizing the phase compensation of signals; that is, a forward delay phase shift is added when the signal passes through the load absorption transmission section, and the phase compensation transmission section needs to be the opposite, and a signal can be generated after the signal passes throughAnd negative delay phase shift to compensate the phase. Preferably, the phase compensation transmission section can achieve phase compensation by connecting with a left-handed transmission line or a high-pass structure using an interconnection transmission line of an adjusted length.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the input power dividing transmission line and the output power dividing transmission line are both transmission lines with a preset structure, and the transmission lines with a preset structure are: the first section and the tail section of the transmission line with the preset structure are both arranged as interconnected transmission sections so as to realize the connection with the adjustable resistance load unit and the signal input end or the signal output end; a plurality of sections of load absorption transmission sections are arranged between the first section and the tail section of the preset structure transmission line, two adjacent sections of load absorption transmission sections are connected through a section of phase compensation transmission section, and an input line or an output line is divided from the middle of each section of load absorption transmission section and is connected with the amplitude-phase control unit, so that the amplitude-phase control unit is loaded on the load absorption transmission section. The signal input end is used as a signal input port of the multi-beam phased array, and the signal output end is used as a signal output port of the multi-beam phased array.
The amplitude and phase control unit in the embodiment of the invention can be set to be of various structures and can also be set to be of one structure. But each amplitude and phase control unit independently integrates the functions of phase control, amplitude control and gain amplification. Preferably, one structure of the web phase control unit is: the phase shifter can realize the amplitude control of the amplitude-phase control unit, and the first adjustable gain amplifier and the second adjustable gain amplifier can realize the amplitude control and gain amplification functions of the amplitude-phase control unit; the parasitic load at the input end of the first adjustable gain amplifier can be equivalent to a first capacitor connected with a grounding end, and the parasitic load at the output end of the second adjustable gain amplifier can also be equivalent to a second capacitor connected with the grounding end, namely the input impedance and the output impedance of the amplitude-phase control unit can be respectively equivalent to a parasitic load model with high resistance and a capacitor connected in parallel; meanwhile, the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit is grounded through an adjustable capacitor, and the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit is grounded through an adjustable capacitor.
The adjustable resistive load unit in the embodiment of the present invention may be fed with power and comprises a power supply network, an adjustable resistor and a bypass capacitor, which are connected in sequence, wherein the power supply network is used for isolating an alternating current signal in an input signal of the adjustable resistive load unit and providing a direct current path.
Based on the above structure, the present invention designs a 2-in 2-out dual-beam amplitude and phase control array using Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology, as shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to a first embodiment of the present invention; the circuit transmission line adopts a differential line with 75 ohm characteristic impedance, a peripheral power supply circuit and a single-slip balun for input and output are removed, the total size of a 4-channel size including a power division power sum is about 1.5mm multiplied by 1.4mm, and the circuit transmission line has extremely compact layout. Fig. 3 shows a gain diagram of 4 channels of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to an embodiment of the present invention; it can be seen from fig. 3 that the gain uniformity of the 4 channels is better. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating input reflection coefficients of 4 channels of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating output reflection coefficients of 4 channels of a K-band 4-channel phased array chip according to an embodiment of the present invention; the results of fig. 4 and 5 show better reflection coefficients. Therefore, compared with the traditional Wilkinson power division network, the structure is simpler, the size is reduced to about 1/3, and the advantages are more obvious along with the increase of the number of channels.
The two-dimensional dot-matrix multi-beam phased array solves the problem that the manufacturing cost is increased due to the fact that the area is too large because a power distribution network with the relevant size of the Wilkinson electrical length is adopted in the traditional method; the loss introduced by power distribution is a fixed loss, the problem that signal loss proportional to distribution times is generated by adopting a Wilkinson equal-division structure in the prior art is solved, and the loss is smaller in multi-path signal synthesis/distribution; meanwhile, the arrangement form of the power distribution network reduces the staggered interconnection among transmission lines as much as possible, and greatly simplifies the layout difficulty and the interference caused by coupling generated by signal crossing.
Example two
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array design method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array structure in the embodiment is the two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array provided in the first embodiment, and as shown in fig. 6, the two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array design method in the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
Step S201, determining a preset impedance value of the transmission line with a preset structure.
Firstly, a predetermined impedance value Z is determined0As a design basis for the characteristic impedance of all transmission segments. Further, the preset impedance value Z0The design of the antenna is mainly based on the matching impedance and transmission loss required for interconnecting with the antenna or other standard modules.
Step S202, measuring the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude-phase control unit, and designing a load absorption transmission section connected with each amplitude-phase control unit based on the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude-phase control unit, so that when each amplitude-phase control unit and the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit are integrated, the equivalent input characteristic impedance is a preset impedance value Z0When each amplitude-phase control unit and the load absorption transmission section connected with the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit are integrated, the equivalent output characteristic impedance is a preset impedance value Z0。
Specifically, the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude and phase control unit are obtained through measurement, and then the load absorption transmission section connected with the corresponding amplitude and phase control unit is designed based on the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude and phase control unit. Further, the input impedance and the output impedance of a certain amplitude and phase control unit are obtained through measurement, and then a load absorption transmission section used for being connected with the input end of the amplitude and phase control unit is designed based on the input impedance of the amplitude and phase control unit, specifically, the characteristic impedance and the length of the load absorption transmission section are designed, so that the designed load absorption transmission section and the amplitude are controlled in a phase modeWhen the system units are connected as a whole, the equivalent input characteristic impedance of the whole is a preset impedance value Z0(ii) a Similarly, the load absorption transmission section connected to the output end of the amplitude and phase control unit is designed based on the output impedance of the amplitude and phase control unit, that is, the characteristic impedance and length of the corresponding load absorption transmission section are designed, so that when the designed load absorption transmission section is connected with the amplitude and phase control unit as a whole, the whole equivalent output characteristic impedance is a preset impedance value Z0. Repeating the above process to design all the load absorption transmission sections connected with the amplitude-phase control units so as to obtain the equivalent input characteristic impedance as the preset impedance value Z when connected with each amplitude-phase control unit as a whole0And when the equivalent output characteristic impedance is a preset impedance value Z when the equivalent output characteristic impedance is connected with each amplitude-phase control unit as a whole0The load absorbing transport section. It should be noted that, when the load absorption transmission section is connected with the web phase control unit as a whole, the web phase control unit is loaded at the middle position of the load absorption transmission section.
Further, after the initial design of all the load absorbing and transmitting sections is completed, an adjustable capacitor needs to be connected between the two ends of part or all of the amplitude-phase control units and the ground terminal, that is, the adjustable capacitor is connected between the input end and the ground terminal of part or all of the amplitude-phase control units, and the adjustable capacitor is also connected between the output end and the ground terminal of part or all of the amplitude-phase control units. At this time, when the amplitude-phase control unit with the adjustable capacitor is integrated with the load absorption transmission section correspondingly designed at the end where the adjustable capacitor is located, the equivalent input characteristic impedance or the equivalent output characteristic impedance changes, and at this time, the design of the corresponding load absorption transmission section needs to be adjusted. Further, on the basis of the currently designed load absorption transmission section, the characteristic impedance and the length of the load absorption transmission section are designed, so that when the amplitude-phase control unit with the adjustable capacitor and the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit are integrated, the equivalent input characteristic impedance is a preset impedance value Z0Amplitude-phase control unit with adjustable capacitor and load absorption transmission section connected with output end thereofWhen the equivalent output characteristic impedance is a preset impedance value Z0. The grounding end is used as a grounding port of the multi-beam phased array.
The connected adjustable capacitor and the amplitude-phase control unit connected with the adjustable capacitor are integrated, and the amplitude-phase control unit comprises an amplitude-phase control unit connected with the adjustable capacitor and an amplitude-phase control end unit not connected with the adjustable capacitor.
And S203, placing all the amplitude and phase control units, measuring the phase shift generated by the signal when each load absorption transmission section and the amplitude and phase control unit connected with the load absorption transmission section are taken as a whole, and designing phase compensation transmission sections for connecting to the output ends of the corresponding load absorption transmission sections respectively based on the phase shift.
Specifically, all the amplitude and phase control units are arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals to determine the intervals of the amplitude and phase control units and the direction of input and output signals. And then, respectively measuring the phase shift generated when the signal passes through each load absorption transmission section and the amplitude-phase control unit connected with the load absorption transmission section as a whole, and then respectively designing the phase compensation transmission section connected to the output end of the corresponding load absorption transmission section on the basis of the phase shift. The phase shift generated when a signal passes through a certain amplitude control unit and a load absorption transmission section which is designed to be connected with the input end or the output end of the amplitude control unit as a whole is measured, then the corresponding phase compensation amount is determined artificially or through a certain mechanism based on the phase shift, and then the phase compensation transmission section which is used for being connected with the output end of the corresponding load absorption transmission section is designed based on the corresponding phase compensation amount. And repeating the process to complete the design of all the phase compensation transmission sections. Further preferably, the phase compensation transmission section is designed from a left-handed transmission section and an interconnecting transmission section, i.e., phase shift compensation is achieved by using a left-handed transmission line having a leading phase shift characteristic and an interconnecting transmission line of an adjusted length. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the characteristic impedance of all the designed phase compensation transmission sections is the preset impedance value Z0。
And S204, based on the placing sequence of all the amplitude and phase control units, connecting all the designed load absorption transmission sections and all the designed phase compensation transmission sections to form a multi-path parallel temporary input power division transmission line and a multi-path parallel temporary output power division transmission line, wherein the multi-path temporary input power division transmission line and the multi-path temporary output power division transmission line are arranged in a staggered mode.
Specifically, the input and output signal direction is determined based on the placement sequence of the amplitude and phase control units, then all designed load absorption transmission sections are respectively connected with the corresponding ends of the corresponding amplitude and phase control units, all designed phase compensation transmission sections are connected with the corresponding load absorption transmission sections, and then all the load absorption transmission sections and the phase compensation transmission sections are sequentially connected according to the input and output signal direction, so that a multipath parallel temporary input power division transmission line and a multipath parallel temporary output power division transmission line are formed. Meanwhile, the formed multiple temporary input power division transmission lines and multiple temporary output power division transmission lines are arranged in a staggered manner.
Step S205, placing all the adjustable resistors, designing and connecting interconnection transmission segments at both ends of each temporary input power division transmission line and both ends of each temporary output power division transmission line based on the placement of all the adjustable resistors, all the signal input interfaces and all the signal output interfaces, and then connecting all the designed interconnection transmission segments with the corresponding temporary input power division transmission lines and temporary output power division transmission lines respectively to form a multi-path parallel input power division transmission line and a multi-path parallel output power division transmission line.
Specifically, all the adjustable resistors are placed based on the placement sequence of the amplitude and phase control units and the design requirement that the output end of each input power division transmission line and the input end of each output power division transmission line are respectively connected with one adjustable resistance load unit. After the positions of all the adjustable resistors are determined, the length of the interconnection transmission section required by the connection of each temporary input power division transmission line and each temporary output power division transmission line with the corresponding adjustable resistor can be determined. Then, based on the positions of all signal input ends as the multi-beam phased array signal input port, designing the interconnection transmission section required by the connection of each temporary input power division transmission line and the corresponding signal input end, and similarly, based on the principle thatAnd designing interconnection transmission sections required by the connection of each temporary output power division transmission line and the corresponding signal output end as the positions of all the signal output ends of the multi-beam phased array signal output port. And further connecting all the designed interconnected transmission sections with corresponding temporary input power dividing transmission lines and temporary output power dividing transmission lines respectively to form a multi-path parallel input power dividing transmission line and a multi-path parallel output power dividing transmission line, wherein the multi-path parallel input power dividing transmission lines and the multi-path parallel output power dividing transmission lines are arranged in a staggered manner. It should be noted that, the characteristic impedance of the transmission section of the interconnection line is the preset impedance value Z0And therefore only the length of the interconnect transmission segment is designed here, and the characteristic impedance of the interconnect transmission segment is not designed.
Step S206, connecting a power supply network at the input end of each adjustable resistor and connecting a bypass capacitor at the output end of each adjustable resistor according to requirements.
Step S207, the interleaving interfaces of all the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines are set in a ground shielding isolation manner, so that the signal transmission of the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines at the interleaving interfaces is not affected.
Specifically, the positions and sizes of the power distribution network and the amplitude-phase control unit can be preliminarily determined through the setting of the steps, and then the staggered interfaces of all the input power dividing transmission lines and all the output power dividing transmission lines are set in a ground shielding isolation mode, so that the two transmission lines are staggered and have better matching impedance, and the signal transmission of the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines at the staggered interfaces is not influenced. Finally, a complete circuit is formed.
It should be noted that the execution order of step S206 and step S207 may be changed.
In the two-dimensional dot-array multi-beam phased array design method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the power distribution network formed by the staggered arrangement of the multi-path parallel input power division transmission lines and the multi-path parallel output power division transmission lines is inserted between the amplitude and phase control units, so that the size of the input and output matching network of the amplitude and phase control units is reduced, the crossed arrangement of the multi-path input power division transmission lines or the multi-path output power division transmission lines is avoided, the interference generated by the crossed coupling of the transmission lines is reduced, the integration of any input and output beams is realized, and the two-dimensional dot-array multi-beam phased array design method has larger advantages and application space in single chip integration. The invention provides a two-dimensional lattice type multi-beam phased array with smaller size and simple structure, effectively improves the integration level of the design of a multi-beam phased array chip, reduces the cost, and can be widely applied to wireless communication systems of radio frequency/microwave/millimeter wave frequency bands.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array, comprising: a plurality of parallel input power dividing transmission lines, a plurality of parallel output power dividing transmission lines, a plurality of amplitude and phase control units and a plurality of adjustable resistance load units,
the power divider comprises a plurality of parallel input power dividing transmission lines and a plurality of parallel output power dividing transmission lines, wherein the plurality of parallel input power dividing transmission lines and the plurality of parallel output power dividing transmission lines are arranged in a staggered manner, each input power dividing transmission line is divided into a plurality of input lines, each input line is connected with one amplitude-phase control unit, each output line is divided into a plurality of output lines, each output line is connected with one amplitude-phase control unit, each amplitude-phase control unit is connected with one input line and one output line, and the output end of each input power dividing transmission line and the input end of each output power dividing transmission line are connected with one adjustable resistance load unit;
the input power division transmission line and the output power division transmission line respectively comprise three types of transmission sections, namely an interconnection transmission section, a load absorption transmission section and a phase compensation transmission section;
the interconnection transmission section is set as a uniform transmission section with characteristic impedance of a preset impedance value;
the load absorption transmission section is used for being connected with the amplitude-phase control unit, so that the equivalent characteristic impedance of the whole body formed by connecting the load absorption transmission section and the amplitude-phase control unit is a preset impedance value;
the phase compensation transmission section is used for performing phase compensation on signals, and the characteristic impedance of the phase compensation transmission section is a preset impedance value;
all the input power dividing transmission lines and all the output power dividing transmission lines are preset structure transmission lines, the first section and the tail section of each preset structure transmission line are both set as interconnection transmission sections, a plurality of sections of load absorption transmission sections are arranged between the first section and the tail section of each preset structure transmission line, two adjacent sections of load absorption transmission sections are connected through a section of phase compensation transmission section, and the input line or the output line is divided from the middle of each section of load absorption transmission section and is connected with the amplitude-phase control unit;
the amplitude and phase control unit comprises a first adjustable gain amplifier, a phase shift controller and a second adjustable gain amplifier which are sequentially connected, an adjustable capacitor is connected between the input end of the amplitude and phase control unit and the grounding end, and an adjustable capacitor is also connected between the output end of the amplitude and phase control unit and the grounding end.
2. The phased array of claim 1, wherein the adjustable resistive load unit comprises a power supply network, an adjustable resistor and a bypass capacitor connected in series, wherein the power supply network is configured to isolate an ac signal from the adjustable resistive load unit input signal and provide a dc supply.
3. A method of designing the two-dimensional lattice multi-beam phased array of any one of claims 1-2, comprising:
determining a preset impedance value of a transmission line with a preset structure;
measuring the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude-phase control unit, and designing a load absorption transmission section connected with each amplitude-phase control unit based on the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude-phase control unit, so that the equivalent input characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit, and the equivalent output characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit;
placing all the amplitude and phase control units, measuring the phase shift generated by the signal when each load absorption transmission section and the amplitude and phase control unit connected with the load absorption transmission section are taken as a whole, and designing phase compensation transmission sections for connecting to the output ends of the corresponding load absorption transmission sections respectively based on the phase shift;
correspondingly connecting all the designed load absorption transmission sections and all the designed phase compensation transmission sections based on the placing sequence of all the amplitude and phase control units to form a multi-path parallel temporary input power division transmission line and a multi-path parallel temporary output power division transmission line, wherein the multi-path parallel temporary input power division transmission line and the multi-path parallel temporary output power division transmission line are arranged in a staggered mode, and meanwhile, an input line or an output line is divided in the middle of each section of the load absorption transmission section and is correspondingly connected with the amplitude and phase control unit;
placing all the adjustable resistors, respectively designing interconnection transmission sections at two ends of each temporary input power division transmission line and two ends of each temporary output power division transmission line based on the placement of all the adjustable resistors, all the signal input interfaces and all the signal output interfaces, and then respectively connecting all the designed interconnection transmission sections with the corresponding temporary input power division transmission lines and the corresponding temporary output power division transmission lines to form a multi-path parallel input power division transmission line and a multi-path parallel output power division transmission line;
and setting the staggered interfaces of all the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines in a ground shielding isolation mode, so that the signal transmission of the input power dividing transmission lines and the output power dividing transmission lines at all the staggered interfaces is not influenced.
4. The design method according to claim 3, wherein the step of measuring the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude and phase control unit and designing the load absorption transmission section connected with each amplitude and phase control unit based on the input impedance and the output impedance of each amplitude and phase control unit, so that the equivalent input characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude and phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end thereof, and the equivalent output characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude and phase control unit is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the output end thereof further comprises:
and respectively connecting an adjustable capacitor between the input end and the grounding end of part or all of the amplitude-phase control units and between the output end and the grounding end, and adjusting the currently designed load absorption transmission section, so that the equivalent input characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit connected with an adjustable capacitor is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the input end of the amplitude-phase control unit, and the equivalent output characteristic impedance is the preset impedance value when each amplitude-phase control unit connected with an adjustable capacitor is integrated with the load absorption transmission section connected with the output end of the amplitude-phase control unit.
5. The design method of claim 3, further comprising: and the input ends of all the adjustable resistors are respectively connected with a power supply network, and the output ends of all the adjustable resistors are respectively connected with a bypass capacitor.
6. The design method of claim 3, wherein the phase-compensated transmission segment is designed from a left-handed transmission segment and an interconnecting transmission segment.
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