CN220368128U - Ku frequency band delay line module - Google Patents
Ku frequency band delay line module Download PDFInfo
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- CN220368128U CN220368128U CN202321424379.XU CN202321424379U CN220368128U CN 220368128 U CN220368128 U CN 220368128U CN 202321424379 U CN202321424379 U CN 202321424379U CN 220368128 U CN220368128 U CN 220368128U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a Ku frequency band delay line module which comprises a delay line unit module and an amplifying and balancing module, wherein the delay line module is connected with the amplifying and balancing module in series. The utility model realizes the phase delay of the Ku frequency band radio frequency signal, and solves the problems that the traditional phased array can only realize the phase shift within 360 degrees, the antenna beam is deviated along with the change of the working frequency, and the antenna pattern is distorted because of using a phase shifter; the phase shifter overcomes the defects of the phase shifter (the phase offset is fixed and does not exceed 360 degrees), and can realize fixed time delay and phase delay which does not change along with frequency, so that the delay time in an operating frequency band is fixed and is irrelevant to the frequency, the beam pointing precision of the phased array radar antenna is improved, and the bandwidth of the phased array radar is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of microwave millimeter wave circuits, in particular to a Ku frequency band delay line module.
Background
Along with the continuous development of communication technology, phased array technology is widely applied to civil fields such as communication, mapping, navigation, meteorological observation and the like, so that the beam pointing precision requirement on phased array antennas is higher and higher. The conventional phased array antenna generally consists of a plurality of antenna units which are arranged on a plane or a curved surface according to a certain rule, and each antenna unit is designed with a phase shifter to realize the phase change among different antenna units, thereby realizing the beam control. In general, the phase of the phase shifter does not change with frequency, so that a phased array phase-shifted by the phase shifter is realized, a beam shifts with the change of the working frequency, and the antenna pattern is distorted. Particularly in a broadband phased array system, the beam offset limits the bandwidth of the phased array radar and seriously influences the exertion of the functions of the phased array radar.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a Ku frequency band delay line module for solving the technical problem that beam offset limits the bandwidth of a phased array radar.
The Ku frequency band delay line module comprises a delay line unit module and an amplifying and balancing module, wherein the delay line unit module is connected with the amplifying and balancing module in series.
Further, a Ku band delay line module is divided into delay line unit modules with phase delays of 1 lambda, 2 lambda, 4 lambda, 8 lambda, 16 lambda and 32 lambda.
Further, a Ku band delay line module, the delay line unit modules with the phase delays of 1 lambda, 2 lambda, 4 lambda, 8 lambda, 16 lambda and 32 lambda are connected in series.
Further, the Ku frequency band delay line module comprises two paths of radio frequency transmission lines and two radio frequency switches, and the radio frequency switches are connected in series.
Furthermore, in the Ku frequency band delay line module, one path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is a reference channel, and the other path is a delay channel.
Further, in the Ku band delay line module, the reference channel is connected in parallel with the delay channel.
Further, the Ku frequency band delay line module comprises two paths of radio frequency transmission lines and two radio frequency switches, and the radio frequency switches are connected in series.
Furthermore, in the Ku frequency band delay line module, one path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is an amplifying and equalizing channel I, and the other path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is an amplifying and equalizing channel II.
Further, in the Ku frequency band delay line module, the first amplifying and equalizing channel and the second amplifying and equalizing channel are connected in parallel.
Further, the Ku frequency band delay line module, the first amplifying and equalizing channel comprises an amplifier and an equalizer, and the second amplifying and equalizing channel comprises two amplifiers and an equalizer.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The phase delay of the Ku frequency band radio frequency signal is realized, the total phase delay of 0 to 63 lambda can be realized, the step is 1 lambda, and the delay bit number is as follows: 6 bits (delay units: 1 lambda, 2 lambda, 4 lambda, 8 lambda, 16 lambda, 32 lambda, respectively), a phase delay of 63 lambda can be achieved at maximum. The phase shifter solves the problems that the traditional phased array can only realize phase shifting within 360 degrees and the antenna beam is deviated along with the change of the working frequency and the antenna pattern is distorted because of the use of the phase shifter.
(2) The phase shifter overcomes the defects of the phase shifter (the phase offset is fixed and not more than 360 degrees), and can realize fixed time delay and phase delay which does not change along with frequency, so that the delay time in an operating frequency band is fixed and is irrelevant to the frequency, the beam pointing precision of the phased array radar antenna is improved, and the bandwidth of the phased array radar is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a delay line cell module;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a delay line cell module;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of simulated data for a 1 lambda delay line cell block;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of simulated data for a 2 lambda delay line cell block;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of simulated data for a 4 lambda delay line cell block;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of simulated data for an 8λ delay line cell module;
FIG. 8 is a simulated data diagram of a 16 lambda delay line cell block for phase delay;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of simulated data for a 32 lambda delay line cell block;
FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of an amplification equalization module;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an N-ary array antenna;
fig. 12 is a product application diagram of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects, and effects of the present utility model, a specific embodiment of the present utility model will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the Ku frequency band delay line module comprises a delay line unit module and an amplifying and balancing module, wherein the delay line unit module is connected with the amplifying and balancing module in series, and the input Ku frequency band broadband radio frequency signal is sequentially subjected to phase delay through the delay line module and gain compensation through the amplifying and balancing module and then is output.
In this embodiment, a Ku band delay line module is divided into delay line unit modules with phase delays of 1 λ, 2 λ, 4 λ, 8λ, 16 λ, and 32 λ.
In this embodiment, the delay line unit modules with the phase delays of 1λ, 2λ, 4λ, 8λ, 16λ and 32λ are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 2, a Ku frequency band delay line module, the delay line unit module includes two radio frequency transmission lines and two radio frequency switches.
In this embodiment, in the Ku band delay line module, one path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is a reference channel, and the other path is a delay channel.
In this embodiment, in one Ku band delay line module, the reference channel is connected in parallel with the delay channel.
In this embodiment, a Ku frequency band delay line module, a delay line unit module switches in a numerical control mode, and is composed of two radio frequency switches (SW 1 and SW 2) and one radio frequency transmission line (one of which is a reference channel, and the other is a delay channel), and the radio frequency signal is switched between the two channels by the two switches, so that the transmission of the radio frequency signal between the two channels is realized, and the transmission time between the different channels is different, so that the obtained different phase shifts are obtained. The delay time difference is:
Δt＝t 2 -t 1 ＝L 2 -L 1 /V P (2-1)
wherein t1 and t2 are respectively the transmission time of the signal in the reference channel and the transmission time of the delay channel, and Δt is the delay time difference; vp is the phase velocity of electromagnetic waves propagating in the transmission line (the phase velocity is the same in the same type of transmission line); l1 is the length of a transmission line of the reference channel; l2 is the transmission line length of the delay channel.
According to electromagnetic field theory, for the transmission line of the same medium, the transmission delay and phase shift relationship of electromagnetic waves are as follows:
where f is the operating frequency. The phase difference of the delay channel and the reference channel can be derived from the equations (2-1) and (2-2).
The Ku frequency band delay line circuit is used for realizing time delay of 0-63 lambda and stepping by 1 lambda for an input Ku frequency band broadband radio frequency signal by switching transmission paths, so that phase shift with larger degree is realized.
Working principle: the control signal sent by the singlechip is used for controlling the radio frequency switch, so that the radio frequency signal transmission path is selected, the transmission time when the transmission path is a reference channel is t1, the transmission time when the transmission path is a delay channel is t2, and the time difference between the two channels is the difference of delay amounts, namely the delay amount of the delay line. The working principle of the phase shifter is similar to that of a digital phase shifter, except that the phase shift amount of the phase shifter is small and not more than 360 degrees, and the delay line is generally longer and is an integral multiple of the working wavelength, namely: which can achieve an integer multiple phase shift of 360 deg..
As shown in fig. 3, a Ku frequency band delay line module, the specific working principle of the frequency band delay line module is as follows: by controlling the 6-bit TTL signals, the lengths of 1 lambda, 2 lambda, 4 lambda, 8 lambda, 16 lambda and 32 lambda are selected and combined, so that any time delay within 0-63 lambda is realized, namely, the phase delay of 0-63 cycles is realized. In addition, the phase linearity of the reference channel and the delay channel needs to be ensured for the high requirement of phase shift precision. The reference channel is typically short in electrical length, and thus high in phase linearity; the electrical length of the delay path increases with the number of delay bits, and the integral multiple of the wavelength increases at the center frequency point of the working frequency, which results in poor phase linearity of the delay channel, so that the delay channel adopts a coaxial cable to realize phase delay in order to ensure the phase linearity of the delay channel.
As shown in fig. 4, the input Ku band wideband radio frequency signal passes through a switch group, and a 1 lambda delay line unit is selected to delay for 1 phase period, and the delay line unit module realizes the 1 lambda phase delay.
As shown in fig. 5, the input Ku band wideband radio frequency signal passes through a switch group, and selects a 2λ delay line unit to perform 1 phase period delay, and the delay line unit module implements 2λ phase delay.
As shown in fig. 6, the input Ku band wideband radio frequency signal passes through a switch group, and selects a 4λ delay line unit to perform 1 phase period delay, and the delay line unit module implements 4λ phase delay.
As shown in fig. 7, the input Ku band wideband radio frequency signal passes through a switch group, and selects an 8λ delay line unit to perform 1 phase period delay, and the delay line unit module implements 8λ phase delay.
As shown in fig. 8, the input Ku band wideband radio frequency signal passes through a switch group, and a 16 lambda delay line unit is selected to perform 1 phase period delay, and the delay line unit module realizes 16 lambda phase delay.
As shown in fig. 9, the input Ku band wideband radio frequency signal passes through a switch group, and a 32 lambda delay line unit is selected to perform 1 phase period delay, and the delay line unit module realizes the 32 lambda phase delay.
As shown in fig. 10, one path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is an amplifying and equalizing channel one, the other path is an amplifying and equalizing channel two, the amplifying and equalizing channel one and the amplifying and equalizing channel two are connected in parallel, the amplifying and equalizing channel one comprises an amplifier and an equalizer, and the amplifying and equalizing channel two comprises two amplifiers and an equalizer. The radio frequency switch is switched to a CH1 channel, an input Ku frequency band broadband radio frequency signal is amplified by an amplifier 1, and then gain equalization is carried out by an equalizer 1 to adjust the flatness of an output signal, so that 20dB gain output can be realized finally; the radio frequency switch is switched to a CH2 channel, an input Ku frequency band broadband radio frequency signal is amplified by an amplifier 2, then gain equalization is performed by an equalizer 1 to adjust the flatness of an output signal, and then amplification is performed by an amplifier 3, so that 30dB gain output can be finally realized.
As shown in fig. 11, a Ku band delay line module, the frequency of the antenna operation is f, and the beam pointing angle is beta,
by changing the phase difference delta phi s between adjacent units of the phased array antenna (generally provided by the phase shifting unit), the control of the maximum pointing direction of the antenna beam can be realized, thereby realizing the beam scanning of the phased array antenna. However, for a phased array with more array elements, the phase difference of antenna units at two ends of the linear array must be far greater than 2 pi, and for a common phase shifter with a phase shift value within 360 degrees, the phase shift requirement of a phased array antenna cannot be met.
Here, a transmission line with a length ld is used to replace the phase shifter in the antenna element, and is made to satisfy:
l d ＝d sinβ (6-2)
as can be seen from the above, the beam pointing angle of the antenna is independent of frequency and is only dependent on the length of the transmission line. This method of using the delay phase generated by a section of transmission line to cancel the spatial phase difference in the phased array is known as delay line technology.
Working principle: the delay of the phase is realized by changing the length of the radio frequency signal transmission path.
As shown in fig. 12, the Ku frequency band delay line module is mainly applied to a microwave millimeter wave electronic system, such as a ground phased array radar, an airborne phased array radar, a vehicle phased array radar and the like. The delay line unit circuit is mainly used for solving the problems that the accuracy of the carton is reduced and the phase shifter only works in a narrow band because the beam direction is offset due to the phase shifter. The tactical technical index of the phased array radar is greatly improved, the detection distance and the detection precision of the phased array radar are improved, and the battlefield situation sensing capability of the phased array is greatly improved.
The utility model realizes the phase delay of the Ku frequency band radio frequency signal, and can realize the phase delay of 0 to 63 lambda, step 1 lambda and delay bit number in total: 6 bits (delay units: 1 lambda, 2 lambda, 4 lambda, 8 lambda, 16 lambda, 32 lambda, respectively), a phase delay of 63 lambda can be achieved at maximum. The phase shifter solves the problems that the traditional phased array can only realize phase shifting within 360 degrees and the antenna beam is deviated along with the change of the working frequency and the antenna pattern is distorted because of the use of the phase shifter. The phase shifter overcomes the defects of the phase shifter (the phase offset is fixed and not more than 360 degrees), and can realize fixed time delay and phase delay which does not change along with frequency, so that the delay time in an operating frequency band is fixed and is irrelevant to the frequency, the beam pointing precision of the phased array radar antenna is improved, and the bandwidth of the phased array radar is increased.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present utility model and the advantages of the present utility model. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present utility model is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present utility model, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The Ku frequency band delay line module is characterized by comprising a delay line unit module and an amplifying and balancing module, wherein the delay line unit module is connected with the amplifying and balancing module in series; the delay line unit module comprises two paths of radio frequency transmission lines and two radio frequency switches, and the radio frequency switches are connected in series; one path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is a reference channel, and the other path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is a delay channel; the reference channel is connected with the delay channel in parallel; the amplifying and balancing module comprises two paths of radio frequency transmission lines and two radio frequency switches, and the radio frequency switches are connected in series; one path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is an amplifying and equalizing channel I, and the other path of the two paths of radio frequency transmission lines is an amplifying and equalizing channel II; the first amplifying and balancing channel and the second amplifying and balancing channel are connected in parallel; the first amplification and equalization channel comprises an amplifier and an equalizer, and the second amplification and equalization channel comprises two amplifiers and an equalizer.
2. A Ku-band delay line module according to claim 1, wherein the delay line cell modules are divided into delay line cell modules having phase delays of 1 λ, 2 λ, 4 λ, 8 λ, 16 λ, 32 λ.
3. A Ku-band delay line module as claimed in claim 2, wherein the delay line cell modules having phase delays of 1 λ, 2 λ, 4 λ, 8 λ, 16 λ, 32 λ are connected in series.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321424379.XU CN220368128U (en) | 2023-06-06 | 2023-06-06 | Ku frequency band delay line module |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202321424379.XU CN220368128U (en) | 2023-06-06 | 2023-06-06 | Ku frequency band delay line module |
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| CN220368128U true CN220368128U (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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