CN108287349B - Microwave photon MIMO radar detection method and microwave photon MIMO radar system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave photon MIMO radar detection method, which comprises the steps of modulating M paths of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and mutually non-overlapping frequencies on M paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths to generate M paths of optical signals only keeping positive and negative second-order sidebands, combining the M paths of optical signals through an optical wavelength division multiplexer to divide the M paths of optical signals into two paths, dividing one path of optical signals into N beams of reference light, carrying out photoelectric conversion on the other path of optical signals and separating out and transmitting M linear frequency modulation signals which are mutually orthogonal, respectively receiving target reflection signals by N receiving antennas, carrying out deskew processing and wavelength demultiplexing, respectively carrying out photoelectric conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the obtained M paths of optical signals to obtain M × N paths of digital signals, and processing the digital signals to obtain a target detection result.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a microwave photonic radar detection method, and in particular, to a microwave photonic MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) radar detection method and a microwave photonic MIMO radar system.
Background
The radar is a main means for people to detect and identify all-weather targets, and multifunctional, high-precision and real-time detection is always a target pursued by radar researchers. To achieve high performance target monitoring and high resolution imaging, detecting objects requires large bandwidth of the transmitted signal and fast digital signal processing. Conventional radar systems generate signals directly only a few gigahertz due to the bandwidth limitation of electronic devices (see [ p.ghelfi, f.laghezza, f.scotti, g.serafino, s.pinna, d.onori, e.lazzeri, and a.bogoni, "Photonics in ar radsystems," ieee micro.mag., 16(8),74-83 (2015)), and it is difficult to realize the generation, control, and processing of signals with large bandwidth. With the increasing demand of the next-generation radar for higher carrier frequency, larger working bandwidth, etc., the conventional radar is difficult to meet the demand of future applications.
A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a novel radar technology, and more comprehensive target scattering information can be obtained by adopting the multiple-input multiple-output array configuration, so that the target detection capability of a radar system is improved. However, MIMO radar is also limited by the bandwidth of electronic devices, and it is difficult to achieve high-resolution detection. On the other hand, the fast development of the microwave photon technology and the characteristics of large bandwidth, low transmission loss, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like are benefited, and the generation of any waveform with high frequency and large bandwidth can be provided, so that a plurality of electronic bottleneck problems can be well overcome, a plurality of technical performances of the traditional radar are improved, and the microwave photon technology becomes a key technology of the next-generation radar. Although a high-carrier-frequency and large-bandwidth transmission signal can be obtained after introducing a microwave photon technology, and the range resolution of the radar is improved (see [ f.zhang, q.guo, and s.pan, "Photonics-based real-time-high-range-resolution radar with a branched signal generation and processing," sci.rep.,7,13848, (2017) ]), the azimuth resolution of the radar needs to be realized by the relative rotation of the target and the radar, which means that a large Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) is needed or a long measurement time is needed to obtain a high azimuth resolution. In practical applications where non-cooperative targets with unknown motion trajectories and parameters are detected, this is not always possible because fluctuations in the velocity and attitude of the target can degrade the target detection capability of the radar. Therefore, how to simultaneously improve the range resolution and the azimuth resolution of the radar system is very significant for improving and improving the detection capability of the target.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the existing radar technology, provide a microwave photon MIMO radar detection method and a microwave photon MIMO radar system, have the advantages of the photon technology and the MIMO radar technology, and greatly improve the distance resolution and the azimuth resolution of the radar system.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a microwave photon MIMO radar detection method,
at a transmitting end, M paths of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies are modulated on M paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and M paths of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands are generated; the M paths of modulated optical signals are combined by an optical wavelength division multiplexer and then divided into two paths; dividing one path of the reference light into N beams of reference light; performing photoelectric conversion on the other path of optical signal to obtain an electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal chirp signals, separating the M chirp signals to serve as transmitting signals, and respectively transmitting the transmitting signals through M transmitting antennas;
on the basis of the N beams of reference light, carrying out deskew processing and wavelength demultiplexing on the received N paths of target reflection signals, respectively carrying out photoelectric conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the obtained M paths of optical signals to obtain M × N paths of digital signals carrying target information, and finally processing the digital signals to obtain a target detection result;
m, N are positive integers, and the sum of the positive integers is more than 2; the bandwidth of each chirp signal is much greater than the deskewed signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of the radar signal is greater than the initial frequency difference of the adjacent channel chirp signals.
Preferably, the deskewing process specifically includes: the target reflected signal received by each receiving antenna is phase modulated onto a beam of reference light to generate a phase modulated signal having only an optical carrier and positive and negative first order sidebands.
Preferably, the intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signal is modulated on the optical carrier by using a double parallel mach-zehnder modulator operating in a quadruple frequency operating state, and a modulated optical signal only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands is generated.
Furthermore, after the M paths of modulated optical signals are combined by the optical wavelength division multiplexer, the optical signals are amplified and then divided into two paths; amplifying the electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals, and then separating the M linear frequency modulation signals; and the received N paths of target reflection signals are subjected to low-phase noise amplification and then to deskew processing.
Preferably, the intermediate frequency chirp signal is generated by a direct digital frequency synthesizer.
According to the same invention concept, the corresponding technical scheme of the device can be obtained as follows:
a microwave photon MIMO radar system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end,
the transmitting end includes:
the modulation unit is used for correspondingly modulating M paths of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies on M paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths one by one to generate M paths of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands;
the optical wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining the M paths of modulated optical signals generated by the modulation unit;
the optical coupler is used for dividing the optical signals output by the optical wavelength division multiplexer into two paths;
the optical beam splitter is used for splitting one path of optical signal output by the optical coupler into N beams of reference light;
the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the other path of optical signal output by the optical coupler to obtain an electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals;
a signal transmitting array for separating the M chirp signals;
the transmitting antenna array comprises M transmitting antennas and is used for respectively transmitting the M linear frequency modulation signals separated by the signal transmitting array;
the receiving end includes:
the receiving antenna array comprises N receiving antennas and is used for respectively receiving the target reflected signals;
the signal receiving array is used for performing deskew processing and wavelength demultiplexing on N paths of target reflection signals received by the receiving antenna array based on the N beams of reference light, and performing photoelectric conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the obtained M paths of optical signals respectively to obtain M × N paths of digital signals carrying target information;
the digital signal processing module is used for processing the digital signal to obtain a target detection result;
m, N are positive integers, and the sum of the positive integers is more than 2; the bandwidth of each chirp signal is much greater than the deskewed signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of the radar signal is greater than the initial frequency difference of the adjacent channel chirp signals.
Preferably, the signal receiving array includes N phase modulators for performing deskewing on N target reflection signals received by the receiving antenna array, and an optical signal input end and a microwave signal input end of each phase modulator are respectively connected to a reference beam and a target reflection signal; each phase modulator generates a phase modulated signal having only an optical carrier and positive and negative first order sidebands.
Preferably, the modulation unit modulates M channels of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies on M channels of optical carriers with different wavelengths in a one-to-one correspondence manner by using M double parallel mach-zehnder modulators operating in a quadruple frequency operating state, so as to generate M channels of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands.
Furthermore, the transmitting end also comprises an optical amplifier connected between the optical wavelength division multiplexer and the optical coupler, and an electric amplifier connected between the signal transmitting array and the photoelectric detector; the receiving end also comprises N low-phase noise amplifiers connected between the receiving antenna array and the signal receiving array.
Preferably, the modulation unit includes M direct digital frequency synthesizers, and is configured to generate M channels of intermediate frequency chirp signals having the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention greatly improves the operation of the radar system and can realize higher radar distance resolution by utilizing a signal generation scheme based on a photon technology and a deskew processing method;
2) the MIMO radar multi-input multi-output array structure is adopted, targets can be observed in multiple angles and multiple directions, more comprehensive target scattering information can be obtained, and meanwhile, data channels and system freedom far more than the number of actual transmitting and receiving array elements can be obtained, so that higher radar azimuth resolution can be realized in shorter measuring time;
3) in the signal receiving part, the deskewed signal can be processed only by using a low-speed analog-to-digital converter and a digital processing algorithm without a digital matched filter, so that the requirement on data storage is reduced, the signal processing speed is increased, and the real-time signal processing is realized.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave photonic MIMO radar system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmitting array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal receiving array according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of the mth channel of the WDM output of an array element in the signal receiving array.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method and the device have the idea that the distance resolution and the azimuth resolution of the radar are improved by combining the microwave photon technology with a multi-input multi-output radar structure so as to overcome the problem that the detection capability of the traditional radar target is limited.
Specifically, at a transmitting end, M paths of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies are modulated on M paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and M paths of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands are generated; the M paths of modulated optical signals are combined by an optical wavelength division multiplexer and then divided into two paths; dividing one path of the reference light into N beams of reference light; performing photoelectric conversion on the other path of optical signal to obtain an electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal chirp signals, separating the M chirp signals to serve as transmitting signals, and respectively transmitting the transmitting signals through M transmitting antennas;
on the basis of the N beams of reference light, carrying out deskew processing and wavelength demultiplexing on the received N paths of target reflection signals, respectively carrying out photoelectric conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the obtained M paths of optical signals to obtain M × N paths of digital signals carrying target information, and finally processing the digital signals to obtain a target detection result;
m, N are positive integers, and the sum of the positive integers is more than 2; the bandwidth of each chirp signal is much greater than the deskewed signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of the radar signal is greater than the initial frequency difference of the adjacent channel chirp signals.
For the public understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by a specific embodiment and the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 shows the basic structure of one embodiment of the inventive microwave photonic MIMO radar system. As shown in fig. 1, the radar system includes: the device comprises M lasers, M direct digital frequency synthesizers, M double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DPMZM), a light Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), an optical coupler, an optical beam splitter, a photoelectric detector, an electric amplifier, a signal transmitting array, M transmitting antennas, N receiving antennas, a signal receiving array and a digital signal processing module.
Fig. 2 shows a specific structure of the signal transmitting array in the specific embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the signal transmitting array includes: one electrical power splitter, M electrical filters and M electrical power amplifiers.
Fig. 3 shows the structure of a signal receiving array in an embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, the signal receiving array structure includes N branches, where each branch structure includes: a low phase noise amplifier, a phase modulator, an optical wavelength division multiplexer, M Photodetectors (PD), M Low Pass Filters (LPF) and M analog-to-digital converters (ADC).
M lasers respectively generate direct current light with different wavelengths, the direct current light respectively enters a double parallel mach-zehnder modulator (DPMZM) to be modulated, M direct digital frequency synthesizers generate M intermediate frequency chirp signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate but without overlapping frequency, and the intermediate frequency chirp signals respectively drive the M DPMZMs, wherein the instantaneous frequency of the mth intermediate frequency chirp signal can be expressed as:
fIFm(t)＝um+kt(0≤t≤T)
wherein u ismTo start the frequency, T is the time width of the if chirp signal and k is its chirp rate, it should be noted that the following conditions should be satisfied in order to avoid frequency overlap between adjacent channels:
um+1＞fm(T)
then, M DPMZMs are enabled to work in a quadruple frequency working state by adjusting a proper bias point, and a modulator outputs a modulated optical signal only with positive and negative second-order sidebands; m paths of optical signals output by the modulator are combined into one path of optical signal after passing through a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), and are divided into two branches through an Optical Coupler (OC) after being amplified by an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier; after photoelectric conversion, the optical signal of one of the branches may obtain an electrical signal including M mutually orthogonal chirp signals, and the bandwidth of the chirp signal is 4 times of the original intermediate frequency chirp signal, where the instantaneous frequency of the mth chirp signal may be represented as:
fm(t)＝4um+4kt(0≤t≤T)
the method comprises the steps of amplifying mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals by an electric amplifier, then entering a signal transmitting array, dividing an input electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals into M branches by an electric power divider, respectively entering a signal receiving array as a reference signal, in the signal transmitting array, respectively separating the M mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals by M filters with different central frequencies, then respectively transmitting the signals by M transmitting antennas, hitting the transmitted signals on a target, reflecting the reflected signals by N receiving antennas, entering the signal receiving array, amplifying the electric signals received in the N branches by low-phase noise, then carrying out phase modulation by a phase modulator, then carrying out demultiplexing on the output modulated optical signals by another optical wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the optical wavelength division multiplexer has the same characteristic as the optical wavelength division multiplexer at the transmitting end after DPMZM, respectively converting the demultiplexed M optical signals into electric signals by an optical detector, then filtering by a low-pass filter and converting the electric signals by an analog-to-digital converter to obtain M detection signals containing target information, and finally sending the M detection signals to a digital detection module × to obtain target detection signals.
The plurality of intermediate frequency chirp signals generated by the direct digital frequency synthesizer in the apparatus should be properly designed so that the de-chirped signals in each array element in the receiving array can be effectively separated. For the public understanding, the spectrum of the mth channel of the WDM output of one array element in the signal receiving array is taken as an example to be described in further detail below, as shown in fig. 4. In this channel, the echo signal from the m-th transmitting array element is de-chirped and filtered. In FIG. 4, fmIs a wavelength of λmThe reference optical signals of the optical beam splitter entering the phase modulator are respectively F1And F2And can be regarded as two swept optical carriers. The echo signal reflected by the target after the m-th transmitting array element is expressed as 4um+4k(t+τm) In which τ ismIs the time delay of the echo signal. The modulation factor of the phase modulator is controlled to output a signal only with an optical carrier and positive and negative first-order sidebands. After passing through a phase modulator, F can be generated3And F4、F5And F6Two sets of sidebands. So after passing through the photodetector, it passes through F2And F3(or F)1And F5) Beat frequency is obtained as Δ f ═ 4k τmThe chirp-removed signal of (1). The value of af is typically small, so the de-chirped signal can be filtered out by a Low Pass Filter (LPF). In order to ensure that the chirp signal is still kept in the low frequency range under the condition of a large detection range, a section of optical fiber with known delay can be added in front of the optical beam splitter to counteract the wireless transmission time of part of radar pulses. It should be noted that since there are M echo signals reflected by the target, F1And F2Will also be modulated by the echo signal of the m +1 th transmitting array element, and the corresponding generated sideband is F7、F8、F9And F10. In order to ensure that the chirp-removed signal after the beat frequency of the photodetector can not be filtered out from the low-pass filter by the interference from the m +1 th transmitting array element echo signal, the following two conditions should be satisfied:
4(um+1-um)＞＞Δf
fm(t)-4(um+1-um)＞＞Δf
that is, the bandwidth of each chirp should be much greater than the deskewed signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of the radar signal should be greater than the initial frequency difference of the adjacent channel chirp. In addition, when the above two conditions are satisfied, the chirp-removed signal of the frequency Δ f can be separated without interference from all other channels.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave photon MIMO radar detection method is characterized in that,
at a transmitting end, M paths of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies are modulated on M paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and M paths of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands are generated; the M paths of modulated optical signals are combined by an optical wavelength division multiplexer and then divided into two paths; dividing one path of the reference light into N beams of reference light; performing photoelectric conversion on the other path of optical signal to obtain an electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal chirp signals, separating the M chirp signals to serve as transmitting signals, and respectively transmitting the transmitting signals through M transmitting antennas;
on the basis of the N beams of reference light, carrying out deskew processing and wavelength demultiplexing on the received N paths of target reflection signals, respectively carrying out photoelectric conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the obtained M paths of optical signals to obtain M × N paths of digital signals carrying target information, and finally processing the digital signals to obtain a target detection result;
m, N are positive integers, and the sum of the positive integers is more than 2; the bandwidth of each chirp signal is much greater than the deskewed signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of the radar signal is greater than the initial frequency difference of the adjacent channel chirp signals.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the deskewing process is specifically: the target reflected signal received by each receiving antenna is phase modulated onto a beam of reference light to generate a phase modulated signal having only an optical carrier and positive and negative first order sidebands.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency chirp is modulated onto an optical carrier using a dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator operating in a quadruple frequency operating state to produce a modulated optical signal that retains only positive and negative second order sidebands.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the M channels of modulated optical signals are combined by an optical wavelength division multiplexer, amplified, and then split into two channels; amplifying the electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals, and then separating the M linear frequency modulation signals; and the received N paths of target reflection signals are subjected to low-phase noise amplification and then to deskew processing.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency chirp signal is generated by a direct digital frequency synthesizer.
6. A microwave photon MIMO radar system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, and is characterized in that,
the transmitting end includes:
the modulation unit is used for correspondingly modulating M paths of intermediate frequency linear frequency modulation signals with the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies on M paths of optical carriers with different wavelengths one by one to generate M paths of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands;
the optical wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining the M paths of modulated optical signals generated by the modulation unit;
the optical coupler is used for dividing the optical signals output by the optical wavelength division multiplexer into two paths;
the optical beam splitter is used for splitting one path of optical signal output by the optical coupler into N beams of reference light;
the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the other path of optical signal output by the optical coupler to obtain an electric signal containing M mutually orthogonal linear frequency modulation signals;
a signal transmitting array for separating the M chirp signals;
the transmitting antenna array comprises M transmitting antennas and is used for respectively transmitting the M linear frequency modulation signals separated by the signal transmitting array;
the receiving end includes:
the receiving antenna array comprises N receiving antennas and is used for respectively receiving the target reflected signals;
the signal receiving array is used for performing deskew processing and wavelength demultiplexing on N paths of target reflection signals received by the receiving antenna array based on the N beams of reference light, and performing photoelectric conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the obtained M paths of optical signals respectively to obtain M × N paths of digital signals carrying target information;
the digital signal processing module is used for processing the digital signal to obtain a target detection result;
m, N are positive integers, and the sum of the positive integers is more than 2; the bandwidth of each chirp signal is much greater than the deskewed signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of the radar signal is greater than the initial frequency difference of the adjacent channel chirp signals.
7. The microwave photonic MIMO radar system of claim 6, wherein the signal receiving array includes N phase modulators for deskewing N target reflection signals received by the receiving antenna array, and an optical signal input end and a microwave signal input end of each phase modulator are respectively connected to a beam of reference light and a beam of target reflection signal; each phase modulator generates a phase modulated signal having only an optical carrier and positive and negative first order sidebands.
8. The microwave photonic MIMO radar system according to claim 6, wherein the modulation unit modulates M channels of intermediate frequency chirp signals having the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies onto M channels of optical carriers having different wavelengths in a one-to-one correspondence manner by using M double-parallel mach-zehnder modulators operating in a quadruple frequency operating state, thereby generating M channels of modulated optical signals only retaining positive and negative second-order sidebands.
9. The microwave photonic MIMO radar system of claim 6 wherein the transmitting end further includes an optical amplifier coupled between the optical wavelength division multiplexer and the optical coupler, and an electrical amplifier coupled between the signal transmitting array and the photodetector; the receiving end also comprises N low-phase noise amplifiers connected between the receiving antenna array and the signal receiving array.
10. The microwave photonic MIMO radar system of claim 6, wherein the modulation unit includes M direct digital frequency synthesizers for generating M intermediate frequency chirp signals having the same bandwidth and chirp rate and non-overlapping frequencies.
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| CN112099048B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-12 | 之江实验室 | Microwave photon MIMO radar detection method and system based on time division-difference frequency multiplexing |
| CN113030929B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2023-06-06 | 清华大学 | Broadband radar signal receiving device and receiving method |
| CN113406662B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-03-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stepping frequency modulation system microwave photon broadband MIMO radar detection method and device |
| CN114448510B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-11-10 | 航天南湖电子信息技术股份有限公司 | Optical network transmission system and radar applied to radar standard calibration |
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