CN108287349A - Microwave photon MIMO radar detection method and microwave photon MIMO radar system - Google Patents
Microwave photon MIMO radar detection method and microwave photon MIMO radar system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of microwave photon MIMO radar detection methods.By the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies is modulated on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, generates the optical signal that the roads M only retain positive and negative second order sideband；By this road M, optical signal is divided into two-way after merging by light wavelength division multiplexing；N beam reference lights will be wherein divided into all the way；To in addition optical signal carries out opto-electronic conversion and separate M wherein mutually orthogonal linear FM signal to launch all the way；Target echo is received respectively using N number of reception antenna, tiltedly processing and wavelength (de) multiplexing are carried out, opto-electronic conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion are carried out respectively to the obtained roads M optical signal, obtain M × N railway digital signals, digital signal is handled, target acquisition result is obtained.The invention also discloses a kind of microwave photon MIMO radar systems.The present invention can greatly improve the range resolution and azimuth resolution of radar system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microwave photon radar detection method more particularly to a kind of microwave photon MIMO (Multiple-
Input Multiple-Output, multiple-input and multiple-output) radar detection method and microwave photon MIMO radar system.
Background technology
Radar is the main means that the mankind carry out all-weather target acquisition and identification, multi-functional, high-precision, real-time detection one
It is directly the target that radar researcher pursues.In order to realize that high performance target monitoring and high-resolution imaging, detecting object need
Want the transmitting signal of big bandwidth and quick Digital Signal Processing.Conventional radar systems are led due to the bandwidth limitation of electronic device
Cause the signal that directly generates only have several Gigahertzs (referring to [P.Ghelfi, F.Laghezza, F.Scotti, G.Serafino,
S.Pinna,D.Onori,E.Lazzeri,and A.Bogoni,“Photonics in radar systems,”IEEE
Microw.Mag., 16 (8), 74-83 (2015)]), it is difficult to realize generation, control and the processing of big bandwidth signal.With next
Demand for radar to higher carrier frequency, bigger bandwidth of operation etc. is also gradually urgent, and conventional radar is difficult to meet the following application
Demand.
Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a kind of New Type Radar technology, using the array configuration of multiple-input and multiple-output,
More comprehensive target scattering information can be obtained, to improve the target acquisition ability of radar system.But MIMO radar is same
Sample is limited by the bandwidth of electronic device, it is difficult to realize high-resolution detection.On the other hand, have benefited from the fast of microwave photon technology
The characteristics such as speed development and its big bandwidth, low transmission loss, electromagnetism interference, are capable of providing the arbitrary wave of high-frequency, big bandwidth
Shape generates, therefore can overcome the problems, such as several electronic bottlenecks well, the multinomial technical performance of conventional radar is improved, under becoming
The key technology of generation radar.Although introduce microwave photon technology after can obtain high carrier frequency, big bandwidth transmitting signal, promoted
The distance resolution of radar is (referring to [F.Zhang, Q.Guo, and S.Pan, " Photonics-based real-time
ultra-high-range-resolution radar with broadband signal generation and
Processing, " Sci.Rep., 7,13848, (2017)]), but the azimuth resolution of radar is needed through target and radar
Relative rotation realize that this, which means that, needs big coherent processing inteval (CPI) or need longer time of measuring ability
Obtain higher azimuth resolution.In the practical application of detection movement locus and the noncooperative target of unknown parameters, this is not
It is always feasible, because the fluctuation of the speed of target and posture can be such that the target detection capabilities of radar decline.Therefore, how simultaneously
Distance resolution and the azimuth resolution for improving radar system are very significant to the promotion and improvement of the detectability of target.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in overcoming existing Radar Technology insufficient, a kind of microwave photon MIMO is provided
Radar detection method and microwave photon MIMO radar system, while there is the advantage of photon technology and MIMO radar technology, it can
Greatly improve the range resolution and azimuth resolution of radar system.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem：
A kind of microwave photon MIMO radar detection method,
In transmitting terminal, by the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies corresponds
Ground is modulated on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, generates the modulated optical signal that the roads M only retain positive and negative second order sideband；By this roads M tune
Optical signal processed is divided into two-way after merging by light wavelength division multiplexing；N beam reference lights will be wherein divided into all the way；To in addition light is believed all the way
Number opto-electronic conversion is carried out, the electric signal for including M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals is obtained, then by this M linear frequency modulation
Signal separator out as transmitting signal, is launched respectively by M transmitting antenna；
In receiving terminal, target echo is received respectively using N number of reception antenna；It is then based on the N beams reference light, it is right
The roads the N target echo received carries out tiltedly processing and wavelength (de) multiplexing, and light is carried out respectively to the obtained roads M optical signal
Electricity conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion obtain the digital signal that the roads M × N carry target information, finally to the digital signal
It is handled, obtains target acquisition result；
Described M, N are positive integer, and sum of the two is more than 2；After the bandwidth of each linear FM signal is much larger than going tiltedly
Signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of radar signal be more than adjacency channel linear FM signal original frequency it is poor.
Preferably, it is described go tiltedly handle be specially：The target echo phase-modulation that each reception antenna is received
In on a branch of reference light, the phase modulated signal for only having light carrier and positive and negative single order sideband is generated.
Preferably, using working in the double parallel MZ Mach-Zehnder of quadruple working condition by intermediate frequency (IF) Linear frequency modulation
Signal modulation generates the modulated optical signal for only retaining positive and negative second order sideband on light carrier.
Further, it after the roads M modulated optical signal is merged by light wavelength division multiplexing, is further divided into after advanced traveling optical signal amplification
Two-way；The electric signal comprising M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals is first amplified, then by this M linear frequency modulation
Signal separator comes out；The roads the N target echo received is gone tiltedly to handle again after first carrying out Low phase noise amplification.
Preferably, the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal is generated by Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers.
It is as follows that corresponding device technique scheme can also be obtained according to identical invention thinking：
A kind of microwave photon MIMO radar system, including transmitting terminal and receiving terminal,
The transmitting terminal includes：
Modulation unit, for by the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies one by one
It is accordingly modulated on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, generates the modulated optical signal that the roads M only retain positive and negative second order sideband；
Light wavelength division multiplexing, the roads the M modulated optical signal generated for merging modulation unit；
Photo-coupler, the optical signal for exporting light wavelength division multiplexing are divided into two-way；
Beam splitter, for by photo-coupler exported wherein optical signal is divided into N beam reference lights all the way；
Photodetector, the other optical signal all the way for being exported to photo-coupler carry out opto-electronic conversion, obtain including M
The electric signal of a mutually orthogonal linear FM signal；
Signal emission array, for separating this M linear FM signal；
Transmitting antenna array comprising M transmitting antenna, for by signal emission array it is separated go out M linear adjust
Frequency signal is launched respectively；
The receiving terminal includes：
Receiving antenna array comprising N number of reception antenna, for receiving target echo respectively；
Signal receiving array, for being based on the N beams reference light, the roads the N target received to receiving antenna array reflects
Signal carries out tiltedly processing and wavelength (de) multiplexing, and opto-electronic conversion, low-pass filtering and mould are carried out respectively to the obtained roads M optical signal
Number conversion obtains the digital signal that the roads M × N carry target information；
Digital signal processing module obtains target acquisition result for handling the digital signal；
Described M, N are positive integer, and sum of the two is more than 2；After the bandwidth of each linear FM signal is much larger than going tiltedly
Signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of radar signal be more than adjacency channel linear FM signal original frequency it is poor.
Preferably, the signal receiving array includes the roads the N target echo for being received to receiving antenna array
The N number of phase-modulator tiltedly handled, optical signal input, the microwave signal input terminal of each phase-modulator is gone to connect respectively
Connect a branch of reference light and all the way target echo；Each phase-modulator generates the phase for only having light carrier and positive and negative single order sideband
Position modulated signal.
Preferably, the double parallel MZ Mach-Zehnder that modulation unit works in quadruple working condition using M, will
The roads M bandwidth, chirp rate be identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies to be modulated to the roads M wavelength correspondingly different
Light carrier on, generate the modulated optical signal that M roads only retain positive and negative second order sideband.
Further, the transmitting terminal further includes the image intensifer being connected between light wavelength division multiplexing and photo-coupler, with
And it is connected to the electric amplifier between signal emission array and photodetector；The receiving terminal further includes being connected to receiving antenna array
N number of Low phase noise amplifier between signal receiving array.
Preferably, the modulation unit includes M Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, for generating the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate phase
Same and frequency non-overlapping copies intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signals.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1) present invention generates scheme using the signal based on photon technology and goes oblique processing method, substantially increases radar
The operation of system can realize higher radar resolution ratio；
2) present invention uses the array structure of MIMO radar multiple-input and multiple-output, being capable of the multi-faceted observation mesh of multi-angle
Mark, obtain more comprehensive target scattering information, while can also obtain far more than practical number of sensors received and sent purpose data channel with
And degree of freedom in system, so as to realize higher Azimuth Resolution in shorter time of measuring；
It 3), can be to going merely with the analog-digital converter and digital processing algorithm of low speed in signal receiving part of the invention point
Signal after tiltedly is handled, and digital matched filter is not needed, to reduce the demand stored to data and increase letter
Number processing speed, realize real-time signal processing.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic diagram of one specific embodiment of microwave photon MIMO radar system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of signal emission array in specific embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of signal receiving array in specific embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the spectral schematic in m-th of channel of the WDM outputs of an array element in signal receiving array.
Specific implementation mode
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the thinking of the present invention is to utilize microwave photon technology combination MIMO radar knot
Structure realizes distance by radar to the promotion of resolution ratio and azimuth resolution to overcome asking for conventional radar target acquisition limited ability
Topic.
Specifically, in transmitting terminal, by the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies
It is modulated to correspondingly on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, generates the modulated optical signal that the roads M only retain positive and negative second order sideband；
By this road M, modulated optical signal is divided into two-way after merging by light wavelength division multiplexing；N beam reference lights will be wherein divided into all the way；To another
Optical signal carries out opto-electronic conversion all the way outside, the electric signal for including M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals is obtained, then by this M
A linear FM signal is isolated as transmitting signal, is launched respectively by M transmitting antenna；
In receiving terminal, target echo is received respectively using N number of reception antenna；It is then based on the N beams reference light, it is right
The roads the N target echo received carries out tiltedly processing and wavelength (de) multiplexing, and light is carried out respectively to the obtained roads M optical signal
Electricity conversion, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion obtain the digital signal that the roads M × N carry target information, finally to the digital signal
It is handled, obtains target acquisition result；
Described M, N are positive integer, and sum of the two is more than 2；After the bandwidth of each linear FM signal is much larger than going tiltedly
Signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of radar signal be more than adjacency channel linear FM signal original frequency it is poor.
For the ease of public understanding, come below with a specific embodiment and in conjunction with attached drawing to technical scheme of the present invention into
Row is described in detail：
Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of invention microwave photon one specific embodiment of MIMO radar system.As shown in Figure 1,
The radar system includes：M laser, M Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, M double parallel MZ Mach-Zehnder
(DPMZM), a light wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), a photo-coupler, a light point
Beam device, a photodetector, an electric amplifier, a signal emission array, M transmitting antenna, N number of reception antenna, one
A signal receiving array and a digital signal processing module.
Fig. 2 shows the concrete structure of signal emission array in specific embodiment.As shown in Fig. 2, signal emission array packet
It includes：One electric power splitter, M electrical filter and M electrical power amplifier.
Fig. 3 shows the structure of signal receiving array in specific embodiment.As shown in figure 3, the signal receiving array structure
Include N number of branch, wherein each branch structure includes：One low phase noise amplifier, a phase-modulator, one
Light wavelength division multiplexing, M photodetector (PD), M low-pass filter (LPF) and M analog-digital converter (ADC).
The different direct current light of generation wavelength respectively enters double parallel MZ Mach-Zehnder to M laser respectively
(DPMZM) it is modulated on, M bandwidth of M Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers generation is identical with chirp rate but frequency is nonoverlapping
Intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal respectively drives M DPMZM, and the wherein instantaneous frequency of m-th intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal can indicate
For：
fIFm(t)=um+kt(0≤t≤T)
Wherein umFor initial frequency, T is the time width of intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal, and k is its chirp rate, it should be noted that is
It avoids that the following conditions should be met there are frequency is overlapping between adjacency channel：
um+1＞ fm(T)
Then M DPMZM is made all to be operated in quadruple working condition by adjusting bias point appropriate, modulator output is only
There is the modulated optical signal of positive and negative second order sideband；The roads the M optical signal of modulator output is combined into all the way after wavelength division multiplexer (WDM)
Optical signal is divided into two branches after erbium-doped fiber amplifier amplifies by photo-coupler (OC)；One of branch
Optical signal can obtain including after opto-electronic conversion the electric signal of M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals, and linear frequency modulation
Signal bandwidth is 4 times of original intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal, and the wherein instantaneous frequency of m-th linear FM signal can indicate
For：
fm(t)=4um+4kt(0≤t≤T)
Mutually orthogonal linear FM signal is amplified into signal emission array by electric amplifier；In addition light is believed all the way
It number is respectively enterd after beam splitter is divided into multichannel in signal receiving array, as with reference to signal；In signal emission array,
The electric signal comprising M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals of input is divided into M branch by electric power splitter, and M mutually just
The linear FM signal of friendship respectively is isolated by come by the different filter of M centre frequency, then via M transmitting antenna point
Do not launch；Transmitting signal, which is got in target, to be reflected back, and is received by N number of reception antenna, entering signal receiving array
In；The electric signal received in N number of branch, through carrying out phase-modulation by phase-modulator, then exports after Low phase noise amplifies
Modulated optical signal demultiplexed by another light wavelength division multiplexing, it should be noted that light wavelength division multiplexing here and
Light wavelength division multiplexing characteristic having the same after transmitting terminal DPMZM；M optical signal of demultiplexing passes through photodetector respectively
Electric signal is converted to, it includes detection target information that the roads M are then obtained after low-pass filter filtering and analog-digital converter conversion
Digital signal；So the digital signal that the roads M × N include detection target information can be obtained after signal receiving array；It will
These signals are sent into digital signal processing module and are handled, and the result of target acquisition is finally obtained.
Multiple intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signals that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers generate in the device should pass through appropriate set
Meter, so as to go chirp signal that can be efficiently separated in each array element in receiving array.For the ease of public understanding, below with
It is further elaborated for the spectrum in m-th of channel of the WDM outputs of an array element in signal receiving array,
As shown in Figure 4.In the channels, chirp and filtering are carried out to the echo-signal from m-th of transmitting array element.In Fig. 4, fmIt is
Wavelength is λmLight carrier corresponding to frequency, the reference optical signal that beam splitter enters phase-modulator is respectively F1And F2, can
It is considered as two frequency sweep light carriers.The echo-signal through target reflection is expressed as 4u after m-th of transmitting array element transmittingm+4k(t+τm),
Wherein τmFor the time delays of echo-signal.Control phase-modulator the index of modulation make its export signal only have light carrier and
Positive and negative single order sideband.F can be generated after phase-modulator3And F4、F5And F6Two groups of sidebands.So by photodetector
Afterwards, pass through F2And F3(or F1And F5) beat frequency can be obtained frequency be Δ f=4k τmRemove chirp signal.The value of Δ f is generally smaller,
So going chirp signal that can be filtered out by low-pass filter (LPF).In order to ensure big investigative range condition go down chirp letter
It number stills remain in low-frequency range, the optical fiber that is delayed known to one section can be added before beam splitter to offset part radar arteries and veins
The wireless transmission time of punching.It should be noted that since the echo-signal reflected through target has M, so F1And F2It equally can be by
Sideband to the modulation of the echo-signal of the m+1 transmitting array element, corresponding generation is F7、F8、F9And F10.In order to ensure to pass through
It crosses after photodetector beat frequency and goes chirp signal can not be by the interference from the m+1 transmitting array element echo-signal from low pass filtered
It is filtered out in wave device, it should meet following two conditions：
4(um+1-um) ＞ ＞ Δs f
fm(t)-4(um+1-um) ＞ ＞ Δs f
The bandwidth of i.e. each linear FM signal should be far longer than tiltedly after signal frequency, and the carrier frequency of radar signal
The original frequency that adjacency channel linear FM signal should be more than is poor.In addition, when the above two conditions are met, frequency is Δ f
Go chirp signal that can be separated in the case of the interference not from every other channel.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of microwave photon MIMO radar detection method, which is characterized in that
In transmitting terminal, by the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies is adjusted correspondingly
It is formed on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, generates the modulated optical signal that the roads M only retain positive and negative second order sideband；By this roads M modulation light
Signal is divided into two-way after merging by light wavelength division multiplexing；N beam reference lights will be wherein divided into all the way；To in addition all the way optical signal into
Row opto-electronic conversion obtains the electric signal for including M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals, then by this M linear FM signal
It is isolated as transmitting signal, is launched respectively by M transmitting antenna；
In receiving terminal, target echo is received respectively using N number of reception antenna；It is then based on the N beams reference light, to being connect
The roads the N target echo of receipts carries out tiltedly processing and wavelength (de) multiplexing, and carrying out photoelectricity respectively to the obtained roads M optical signal turns
It changes, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion, obtains the digital signal that the roads M × N carry target information, finally the digital signal is carried out
Processing, obtains target acquisition result；
Described M, N are positive integer, and sum of the two is more than 2；The bandwidth of each linear FM signal is much larger than the letter after going tiltedly
Number frequency, and the carrier frequency of radar signal be more than adjacency channel linear FM signal original frequency it is poor.
2. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described go tiltedly handle be specially：Each reception antenna is received
Target echo phase-modulation on a branch of reference light, generate the phase-modulation letter for only having light carrier and positive and negative single order sideband
Number.
3. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that utilize the double parallel Mach Zeng De for working in quadruple working condition
Intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal is modulated on light carrier modulator by you, generates the modulated optical signal for only retaining positive and negative second order sideband.
4. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that advanced after the roads M modulated optical signal is merged by light wavelength division multiplexing
It is further divided into two-way after traveling optical signal amplification；The electric signal comprising M mutually orthogonal linear FM signals is first put
Greatly, then by this M linear FM signal it separates；The roads the N target echo received first carries out after Low phase noise amplification again
It is gone tiltedly to handle.
5. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that generate the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear tune by Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers
Frequency signal.
6. a kind of microwave photon MIMO radar system, including transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, which is characterized in that
The transmitting terminal includes：
Modulation unit, for by the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies corresponds
Ground is modulated on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, generates the modulated optical signal that the roads M only retain positive and negative second order sideband；
Light wavelength division multiplexing, the roads the M modulated optical signal generated for merging modulation unit；
Photo-coupler, the optical signal for exporting light wavelength division multiplexing are divided into two-way；
Beam splitter, for by photo-coupler exported wherein optical signal is divided into N beam reference lights all the way；
Photodetector, the other optical signal all the way for being exported to photo-coupler carry out opto-electronic conversion, obtain including M phase
The electric signal of mutual orthogonal linear FM signal；
Signal emission array, for separating this M linear FM signal；
Transmitting antenna array comprising M transmitting antenna, for by signal emission array it is separated go out M linear frequency modulation believe
Number launch respectively；
The receiving terminal includes：
Receiving antenna array comprising N number of reception antenna, for receiving target echo respectively；
Signal receiving array, for being based on the N beams reference light, the roads the N target echo received to receiving antenna array
Tiltedly processing and wavelength (de) multiplexing are carried out, carrying out opto-electronic conversion, low-pass filtering and modulus respectively to the obtained roads M optical signal turns
It changes, obtains the digital signal that the roads M × N carry target information；
Digital signal processing module obtains target acquisition result for handling the digital signal；
Described M, N are positive integer, and sum of the two is more than 2；The bandwidth of each linear FM signal is much larger than the letter after going tiltedly
Number frequency, and the carrier frequency of radar signal be more than adjacency channel linear FM signal original frequency it is poor.
7. microwave photon MIMO radar system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the signal receiving array includes being used for
The roads the N target echo received to receiving antenna array is removed the N number of phase-modulator tiltedly handled, each phase-modulation
Optical signal input, the microwave signal input terminal of device are separately connected a branch of reference light and all the way target echo；Each phase
Modulator generates the phase modulated signal for only having light carrier and positive and negative single order sideband.
8. microwave photon MIMO radar system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that modulation unit works in four using M
The double parallel MZ Mach-Zehnder of frequency multiplication working condition, by the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate is identical and the intermediate frequency of frequency non-overlapping copies
Linear FM signal is modulated to correspondingly on the different light carrier of the roads M wavelength, is generated the roads M and is only retained positive and negative second order sideband
Modulated optical signal.
9. microwave photon MIMO radar system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the transmitting terminal further includes being connected to light wave
Image intensifer between division multiplexer and photo-coupler, and be connected to electrically amplified between signal emission array and photodetector
Device；The receiving terminal further includes the N number of Low phase noise amplifier being connected between receiving antenna array and signal receiving array.
10. microwave photon MIMO radar system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the modulation unit includes M direct
Digital frequency synthesizer, for generating, the roads M bandwidth, chirp rate be identical and the intermediate frequency (IF) Linear FM signal of frequency non-overlapping copies.
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