CN108755129A - 一种甲壳素和壳聚糖在棉纤维织物防皱技术 - Google Patents
一种甲壳素和壳聚糖在棉纤维织物防皱技术 Download PDFInfo
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明针对的是甲壳素和壳聚糖在棉纤维织物的防皱技术。本方法以虾壳为原料，在一定温度下用盐酸、氢氧化钠进行处理，经过第一步反应得到甲壳素，经过甲壳素脱乙酰基反应得到壳聚糖，在经过第二步棉纤维织物在甲壳素和壳聚糖整理液的防皱实验得到抗皱性能好的织物。产物无需纯化处理，便可得到最终产物。本发明涉及的甲壳素，壳聚糖和织物的抗皱实验，合成方法简单，操作简便，可以说是无毒，无环境污染，易操作的棉纤维织物防皱技术，并且用甲壳素和壳聚糖工作液处理过的棉纤维织物不仅有防皱效果，还改善了棉纤维织物的整理性能，特别是手感。又由于原料虾壳和试剂价格低廉，所以生产成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甲壳素和壳聚糖在棉纤维织物的防皱技术。主要适用于棉纤维织物材料。
背景技术
壳聚糖在印染行业的应用是从染色增深开始的，作为防皱整理剂已引起人们的注意。从结构上看，甲壳素的化学结构与天然纤维素相似，不同处是纤维素在2位上是羟基，甲壳素在2 位上是乙酞胺基，而壳聚糖不同于前两者在2位上是氨基。甲壳素化学名称是无水-N-乙酞基-D氨基葡萄糖的缩聚体，它由许多N-乙基-D氨基葡萄糖通过β-1，4-苷键连接起来的直链高分子多糖。壳聚糖成膜性强，且与纤维素化学结构相似，它们有很好的吸附和相容性，壳聚糖的经基及一部分氨基与纤维的羟基形成众多的分子间氢键，能起防皱效果。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种低成本，无毒，无环境污染，易操作的棉纤维织物防皱技术，并且用甲壳素和壳聚糖工作液处理过的棉纤维织物不仅有防皱效果，还改善了棉纤维织物的整理性能，特别是手感。
本方法以虾壳为原料，用稀盐酸脱除碳酸钙，用热稀碱脱除蛋白质，得到甲壳质，进行碱煮脱乙酰基得到壳聚糖。配制壳聚糖工作液，棉纤维织物二浸二轧(轧液率100％)，在90℃下预烘2.5min，在105℃烘焙3min。
30次水洗，浴比30∶1，2g/L肥皂粉，皂洗8min，水洗2min，重复30次，烘干。
甲壳素和壳聚糖在棉纤维织物中的防皱为例，反应机理如下：
第一步：
第二步：
本发明中所述的浸酸为盐酸；碱为氢氧化钠；织物为棉斜卡，规格108×58×47；纯棉平布，规格69x71Tex19.4Tex19.4tex；催化剂为NaH2PO2、MgCl2；渗透剂为JCF；柔软剂为CGF(有机硅型)、6520(聚乙烯乳液)；防皱剂为低甲醛。
本发明中第一步为壳聚糖的制备，第一步中的氢氧化钠的质量分数为45％，第二步棉纤维织物在甲壳素和壳聚糖整理液的防皱中，整理液为0.5％的壳聚糖溶液，催化剂均为10g，渗透剂均为2g，柔软剂均为10g，低甲醛防皱剂50-60g，在二浸二轧时，轧液率为100％，预烘温度90℃，时间2.5min，烘焙温度150℃，时间3min，第一水洗为30次，浴洗时的浴比30∶1，皂洗时，肥皂粉为2g/L，皂洗时间8min，第二次水洗要2min，
本发明在反应过程中，配制溶液和所使用的水均为蒸馏水，清洗用水均为自来水。晒干均在常温下进行。
具体实施方式
下面介绍本发明的具体实施例，但本发明不受实施例的限制。
实施例1.甲壳素的提取方法
称取20g虾壳于2000mL的烧杯中加入1.0mol/L盐酸1000mL在水浴锅中40℃浸泡24h 玻棒搅拌至无七泡，除去碳酸钙和磷酸盐等。倾去酸液清洗至中性，加入2.0mol/L的氢氧化钠1000mL在85℃水浴锅中反应4h去除虾壳中的蛋白质，倾去碱液清洗至中性，加入5g/L的高锰酸钾浸泡2h，水洗后在用10g/L的草酸于水浴锅70℃进行脱色，晒干得到白色的甲壳素。
实施例2.壳聚糖的合成方法
称取甲壳素5g于圆底烧瓶中加入45％的氢氧化钠500ml在水浴锅中，水浴锅的温度 80℃，反应4h进行脱乙酰基。反应结束后，用自来水进行清洗直至清洗液至中性结束，晒干后得到壳聚糖。
实施例3.工作液的配比
第一组工作液配方：I-1低甲醛工作液：低甲醛防皱剂60g，MgCl210g，CGF 10g，JFC2g， pH为6
I-2无甲醛工作液：无甲醛防皱剂50g，NaH2PO210g，6520 10g，JCF 2g，pH为6
I-3壳聚糖2g，1％醋酸溶液400mL，pH为5-6
I-4壳聚糖2g，1％醋酸溶液400mL，NaH2PO210g，CGF 10，，JCF 2g， pH为5-6
第二组工作液配方：II-1 0.5％的壳聚糖溶液200mL(1％醋酸溶液为溶剂)，MgCl210g， CGF 10g，JFC 2g，pH为6
II-2 0.5％0.5％的壳聚糖溶液200mL(1％醋酸溶液为溶剂)，MgCl2 10g，652010g，JCF 2g，pH为6
II-3 0.5％0.5％的壳聚糖溶液200mL(1％醋酸溶液为溶剂)，6520 10g，NaH2PO210g，JCF 2g，pH为6
II-4 0.25％0.5％的壳聚糖溶液200mL(1％醋酸溶液为溶剂)MgCl2 10g，652010g，JCF 2g，pH为6
实施例4.织物的防皱实验
取织物放入工作液中，二浸二轧时(轧液率100％)，浸轧后进行在90℃预烘2.5min，105℃下干燥3min，用自来水进行30次水洗，按浴比30∶1进行浴洗，用2g/L的肥皂粉皂洗时间 8min，在用自来水水洗2min，烘干即可。
Claims (9)
1.壳聚糖在棉纤维织物上的防皱技术的工艺原理：
第一步：
第二步：
2.权利1中所述，酸浸中的酸为盐酸，碱煮中的碱为氢氧化钠，整理液中的酸为醋酸。
3.权利1中所述物质的浓度，1.0mol/L的盐酸，2.0mol/L的氢氧化钠，5g/L的高锰酸钾，10g/L的草酸，45％的氢氧化钠。
4.权利1中所述，第一步中的浸酸时间为24h，酸浸温度40℃，碱煮温度85℃，碱煮时间为3-4h，第一步中的碱煮温度为80℃，碱煮时间为4h。
5.权利1中所述，第一步中取20g小龙虾的壳，在加入1.0mol/L的盐酸1000ml，在水浴锅中浸泡直至无气泡产生，清洗后加入2.0mol/L的氢氧化钠1000ml，清洗后再用5g/L的高锰酸钾浸泡2h，水洗后再用10g/L的草酸进行脱色。第一步实验称取取5g甲壳素加入45％的氢氧化钠500ml在水浴锅反应4h即可。
6.权利1中所述，整理液中成分：0.5％的壳聚糖，催化剂MgCl2和NaH2PO2，渗透剂JCF，柔软剂为CGF(有机硅型)、6520(聚乙烯乳液)；防皱剂为低甲醛。
7.权利1中所述，织物的规格为棉斜卡，108×58×47；纯棉平布，69x71Tex19.4Tex19.4tex权利1中第二步预烘温度90℃，时间2.5min，烘焙温度150℃，时间3min，第一水洗为30次，浴洗时的浴比30∶1，皂洗时，肥皂粉为2g/L，皂洗时间8min，第二次水洗要2min。
8.权利1中所述，第一步的清洗和第二步中的水洗使用自来水即可。
9.权利1中所述，实验反应中的晒干均在常温下进行即可。
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