CN108746635B - Shock absorber lifting ring and machining method thereof - Google Patents
Shock absorber lifting ring and machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108746635B CN108746635B CN201810368975.8A CN201810368975A CN108746635B CN 108746635 B CN108746635 B CN 108746635B CN 201810368975 A CN201810368975 A CN 201810368975A CN 108746635 B CN108746635 B CN 108746635B
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009768 microwave sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 55
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- KVMWOOXRTBUMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Mo].[Mo] KVMWOOXRTBUMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017108 Fe—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1054—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by microwave
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a shock absorber lifting ring and a processing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of processing of shock absorber parts, wherein the shock absorber lifting ring is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: graphite powder: 0.3-0.8%, manganese powder: 0.08 to 0.4%, niobium powder: 0.02-0.3%, molybdenum powder: 0.06-0.1%, vanadium powder: 0.1-0.5% of submicron Fe2O3Powder: 0.08-0.6%, rubber: 0.05 to 0.4%, lubricant: 0.2 to 1.2 percent of iron powder and inevitable impurities as the rest. According to the invention, the raw blank is prepared through powder metallurgy, the raw blank is sintered at a lower microwave frequency, and the shock absorber lifting ring finally obtained through post-treatment has good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shock absorber lifting ring and a processing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of processing of shock absorber parts.
Background
The shock absorber is widely applied to various vibration mechanical equipment such as fans, pipelines, water pumps, generators, central air conditioners, air cabinets, refrigerators, cooling towers, air compressors, precision instruments and meters and the like and vibration and noise reduction of the pipelines thereof, is applied most widely in the field of automobiles, and has the following specific working principle: when the relative motion occurs due to the vibration between the vehicle frame (or vehicle body) and the axle, the piston in the shock absorber moves up and down, and the oil in the shock absorber cavity repeatedly flows from one cavity to the other cavity through different pores. At the moment, the friction between the hole wall and the oil and the internal friction between oil molecules form damping force on vibration, so that the vibration energy of the automobile is converted into oil heat energy, and then the oil heat energy is absorbed by the shock absorber and is emitted into the atmosphere.
The hanging ring is used as an important part of the shock absorber, the function of the hanging ring is to reduce the vibration and the impact during movement, and the function of the hanging ring determines that the hanging ring has enough good mechanical performance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance so as to ensure the safety and the reliability of the mechanical operation. The conventional hoisting ring is mostly machined from alloy steel, but the performance of products is poor due to different machining methods of the alloy steel. The Chinese invention patent (CN107904528A) discloses a processing method of alloy steel, the alloy steel prepared by the method through the processes of smelting, refining, standing, pouring, heat treatment and the like has better high temperature resistance and heat resistance, but because ceramic composite powder and a reinforcing material are added in the smelting process, the ceramic composite powder and the reinforcing material are difficult to be fully melted with alloy elements, so that the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the final material are reduced. In addition, in the prior art, a common sintering process is adopted to sinter the green body, and the common sintering process is easy to cause local stress concentration of the sintered body so as to generate cracks, greatly shorten the service life of the product, even can not be put into use, and cause resource waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a shock absorber lifting ring with good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and mechanical property.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the shock absorber lifting ring is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: graphite powder: 0.3-0.8%, manganese powder: 0.08 to 0.4%, niobium powder: 0.02-0.3%, molybdenum powder: 0.06-0.1%,: vanadium powder: 0.1-0.5% of submicron Fe2O3Powder: 0.08-0.6%, rubber: 0.05 to 0.4%, lubricant: 0.2 to 1.2 percent of iron powder and inevitable impurities as the rest.
According to the invention, a proper amount of graphite powder is used as a carbon source, so that the content of combined carbon in the sintered body is increased, the transformation from pearlite to martensite is promoted, and the hardness and strength of the product are further improved. As the content of graphite powder increases, the amount of martensite increases, but at the same time, the amount of retained austenite also increases, and network cementite is formed between crystal grains, resulting in a sharp decrease in product strength, so that the content of graphite powder is not easily excessively high (more than 0.8%). Manganese is easy to dissolve in ferrite, so that manganese powder is added into raw materials to achieve a good solid solution strengthening effect on the ferrite, Mn is sublimated to form Mn steam in the sintering process and is deposited on the surfaces of iron particles, and homogenization is achieved through surface diffusion, volume diffusion and the like. The synergistic effect of the niobium powder and the molybdenum powder in the raw materials can not only refine crystal grains, reduce the overheating sensitivity and the tempering brittleness of the alloy steel and improve the strength of the alloy steel, but also prevent intergranular corrosion phenomenon and improve the atmospheric corrosion resistance and the hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia corrosion resistance of the alloy steel product at high temperature, but the addition of the niobium powder leads the plasticity and the toughness of the product to be reducedAnd vanadium powder in the raw material powder can be used as a deoxidizer, and can also form carbide with graphite powder, so that the hydrogen corrosion resistance can be improved at high temperature and high pressure, and simultaneously the vanadium powder cooperates with niobium powder and molybdenum powder to further refine structure crystal grains, so that the plasticity and toughness of the alloy steel are improved, and adverse effects brought by the niobium powder are compensated. Submicron Fe in the feedstock of the present invention2O3The Fe-Fe alloy powder used as a sintering aid has larger specific surface area and higher surface activity, is beneficial to improving the sintering activity of alloy steel, promoting the metallurgical bonding among particles and the homogenization of alloy elements, strengthening a sintered body, and simultaneously reducing the sintering temperature and the sintering time, but excessive submicron Fe2O3The internal friction force among the powder is increased, and the rearrangement and deformation of iron powder particles are reduced due to overlarge pressing pressure consumption in a partial area, so that the compact forming density is reduced, and the mechanical property of the alloy steel is further reduced.
The rubber is added into the raw materials as the binder, has good wetting dispersibility, and adheres alloy element powder with larger differences in density, granularity and appearance from the mother powder to the matrix powder, so that dust emission and component segregation of the mixed powder in the transportation and pressing processes are reduced, the fluidity of the mixed powder is greatly improved, the pressing rate is improved, the production efficiency is further improved, and the rubber is easy to decompose and volatilize in the sintering process and cannot be remained in a sintered body. The dosage of the rubber needs to be strictly controlled in a proper range, when the addition amount of the binder is insufficient (less than), the lubricant cannot fully coat the surfaces of the powder particles, the improvement on the friction state among the powder particles is limited, the lubricating effect cannot be fully exerted, and the compact density is difficult to increase; the binder belongs to high molecular polymer, the density of the binder is far lower than that of metal powder, and when the binder is excessive (more than 0.4%), the pore-free density of a pressed compact is reduced, irregular powder particle aggregates are formed, the flowability of the powder is reduced, and the uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy steel is further influenced.
In the automobile shock absorber hanging ring, the particle diameters of the graphite powder, the manganese powder, the niobium powder, the molybdenum powder, the vanadium powder and the iron powder are all 20-40 mu m.
In the above automobile shock absorberIn the sling ring, the submicron Fe2O3The particle size of (1) is 700-800 nm. Under the same pressing force action and sintering conditions, the thinner the raw material powder is, the easier the raw material powder is to fill the pores formed by the accumulation of the powder, so that the density of the sintered body is increased, and the product has good performance; however, the particle size is too small, the raw material powder is too fine, the fluidity is poor, bridging holes are easily formed among particles, bridging and mutual adhesion are prevented, particles move mutually, too many holes are easily formed in the interior and on the surface of a blank during pressing and sintering, the density of a sintered body is reduced, and the product performance is reduced.
In the automobile shock absorber hanging ring, the lubricant is compounded by zinc stearate and amide wax.
Zinc stearate is used as a lubricant, although powder has good flowability and high apparent density, part green density and sintering density, Zn contained in the lubricant can dirty a sintered part and accumulate the sintered part in a sintering furnace, and the mixed powder using the zinc stearate as the lubricant generates more dust which is easy to pollute the environment when burned off; the amide wax is used as a lubricant, has fine particles, generates smaller pores, has good burning-out characteristic and no pollution to the environment, but has lower apparent density and slower flow rate, and integrates the factors. The proper amount of the compound lubricant can effectively improve the surface performance of the powder, is in a viscous state during pressing, greatly improves the lubricating effect among powder particles during pressing, reduces the frictional resistance, enables the powder particles to better transfer pressure during pressing, has good powder particle filling performance and obviously improves the green density. However, when added in excess (over 1.2%), the relative mass and volume of the lubricant increases, the green density decreases instead, and the excess lubricant is not easily removed during sintering.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a processing method of the shock absorber lifting ring, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass percentage of the components of the shock absorber lifting ring, and uniformly mixing in a mixer to obtain a mixture;
s2, pressing and forming the mixture to obtain a green body;
s3, performing microwave sintering on the green body in a protective atmosphere under the condition that the microwave frequency is 1.5-2GHz, and cooling to obtain a semi-finished product of the shock absorber;
and S4, post-processing the semi-finished product of the shock absorber to obtain a finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring.
The invention adopts the microwave sintering process, the microwave sintering temperature is low, the time is short, the crystal grains are sintered before growing up, simultaneously, the crystal grains are more uniform and fine due to the uniform heating characteristic of the microwave, the densification degree is high, fine martensite is generated, the toughness of the material is enhanced, and the density, the hardness, the tensile strength and the bending strength of the material are all greatly improved. According to the invention, the microwave sintering (1.5-2GHz) with a lower frequency is adopted, the microwave energy absorbed by the green body at the frequency can promote the fusion of the interphase components, so that the uniformity and the thermal stability of the microstructure of the interphase components are improved, the conventional microwave frequency in the prior art is 2.45GHz, and if the conventional sintering frequency is adopted, the alloy steel material is heated too fast and the microwave field intensity is not uniform due to overhigh sintering frequency, so that the alloy components are easily aggregated to cause the cracking of the sintered body, and further the yield and the corrosion resistance of the shock absorber are influenced.
In the processing method of the automobile shock absorber lifting ring, the mixing step of the mixture is as follows: firstly, graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe2O3The powders were mixed in a blender, then lubricant in an amount of 2/3 was added to the mix and mixed, then rubber was added and mixed, and finally the remaining 1/3 amount of lubricant was added and mixing continued.
The raw materials are mixed step by step, so that the uneven mixing caused by one-time mixing is avoided, the mixing efficiency is greatly improved, the lubricant is added in batches, most of the lubricant added for the first time can promote the flowing of the mixed materials, the adhesion of the mixed materials on the inner wall of a mixer is reduced, the lubricant is coated in the mixed materials after the binder is added, the lubricating effect is reduced, a small amount of the lubricant added for the second time is distributed in a free state, the flowing property of mixed powder can be better improved, the demolding force is reduced, and the abrasion to the inner wall of a mold is reduced.
In the processing method of the automobile shock absorber lifting ring, the molding pressure is as follows: 500-600 MPa.
In the process of pressing and forming the mixture, the magnitude of the forming pressure has obvious influence on the comprehensive performance of the green body, on one hand, the larger pressure can better compress the alloy powder and reduce the porosity of the green body, thereby improving the sintering density, on the other hand, the improvement of the pressure can increase the contact surface area between the powders and enlarge the heat conduction in the sintering process, but the increase of the density of the green body is obviously reduced along with the improvement of the pressure, because the pores in the green body are smaller, the possibility of rapidly improving the density of the green body by the particle displacement and the arch bridge breaking effect is very small, and the improvement of the pressure mainly causes the powder to generate elastic-plastic deformation, so the increase of the density of the green body is less; moreover, excessive pressure can lead to increased elastic deformation, thereby causing increased elastic after-effect and causing cracking or delamination of the green compact.
In the processing method of the automobile shock absorber lifting ring, the protective atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen to the argon is (60-75): (25-40).
The sintering process is carried out in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon, wherein the hydrogen can convert submicron Fe2O3The powder is reduced into fine iron powder in the sintering process, the sintering connection rate among iron-based powder particles can be increased due to the high sintering activity of the fine iron powder, the forming quantity and the growing degree of sintering necks are improved, and pores of the fine iron powder at the sharp corners of the pores are rounded under the action of surface tension, so that the bonding degree and the microstructure uniformity of an interface are improved, a better sintering assisting effect is achieved, and the sintering shrinkage rate of a blank is improved. The hydrogen is used as reducing gas, so that the decarburization phenomenon in the sintering process cannot be effectively prevented, the dew point of the argon is low, and a good low dew point atmosphere can be provided at the temperature below-60 ℃, the water and oxygen content in the low dew point atmosphere is low, so that the decarburization and the green body oxidation can be effectively prevented. The mixed use of the two can effectively promote the densification degree of the product of the green body at lower temperature, reduce the sintering temperature and improve the fine density, the smoothness and the distribution uniformity of the pores of the sintered body, thereby improving the quality of the sintered bodyThe strength, toughness, stretchability and the like of the product. When the content of hydrogen in the mixed gas is too high and the content of argon is too low, the dew point of the mixed gas is not low enough, so that an oxide film is formed on a blank, the formation of a sintering neck in a solid-phase sintering stage is not facilitated, the atomic diffusion is hindered, when the content of hydrogen is too low and the content of argon is too high, submicron iron oxide cannot be fully reduced, and the density and the toughness of the alloy steel can be reduced by the remaining submicron iron oxide in a sintered body.
In the processing method of the automobile shock absorber lifting ring, the microwave sintering process comprises the following steps: the temperature is raised to 850 ℃ at the rate of 20-40 ℃/min and sintered for 40-60min, and then raised to 1150-1300 ℃ at the rate of 50-60 ℃/min and sintered for 20-30 min.
In the microwave sintering process, on one hand, the temperature rise speed influences the elimination of internal defects of powder particles and the release of internal stress, namely influences the sintering activity of the powder; on the other hand, the time of the alloy in the high-temperature stage is changed, so that the compaction densification of the pressed compact and the alloying degree among components are influenced, and the two factors can influence the sintering density, the microstructure and the mechanical property of the alloy. The method firstly heats the mixture to 850 ℃ of 700-minus-one at the heating rate of 20-40 ℃/min for sintering, is beneficial to the full migration of substances and the full reaction and fusion of all components to form a proper amount of strengthening phase, then quickly heats the mixture to 1300 ℃ of 1150-minus-one at the heating rate of 50-60 ℃/min for sintering, quickly heats the mixture to ensure that the molten liquid phase spreads and fills holes along the surfaces of particles under the action of capillary force, is beneficial to the densification of alloy steel, and can inhibit the growth of crystal grains at the same time, and is beneficial to the homogenization of the holes after sintering. When the sintering temperature is lower (1150 ℃), no liquid phase appears in the sintering process, more pores exist, and carbides are mainly agglomerated on grain boundaries. When the temperature is increased to 1300 ℃, the carbide is obviously coarsened, the crystal grains grow up, and the alloy steel material can collapse and deform when the sintering temperature is continuously increased.
In the processing method of the automobile shock absorber lifting ring, the post-treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 40-60 ℃ and the pH value of 4-5, soaking for 3-6min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, and drying to form a bright coating with the surface of 2-5 mu m. The temperature of the coating liquid can affect the comprehensive performance of the coating, when the temperature is too low, the diffusion speed of molecules of each substance is slow, the surface energy of the alloy steel surface is high, and intermolecular combination is not facilitated, so that the thickness of the obtained coating is lower than 2 mu m, and the obtained coating is not uniformly distributed; when the temperature is too high, the active components in the coating liquid are deactivated, and negative influence is generated on the surface activation of the alloy steel.
Preferably, the coating liquid consists of the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 5-10% and zirconic acid: 15-20%, citric acid: 2-8%, trisodium citrate: 1-5% and the balance of water. Under the action of citric acid, ammonium molybdate and zirconic acid form an alkali type compound, the compound contains molybdenum-zirconium base with strong binding force, trisodium citrate is used as an activating agent, so that the surface of the alloy steel is activated, and the potential difference between the surface of the alloy steel and the molybdenum-zirconium base solution is increased, so that a conversion coating on the surface of an alloy steel part is bonded more firmly, and is very compact and corrosion resistant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention has reasonable raw material compatibility, takes rubber with good wetting dispersibility as a binder, and selects zinc stearate and amide wax as a compound lubricant, thereby greatly improving the fluidity of the mixture and the density of a green body, effectively reducing the demolding force and obviously improving the wear resistance and the mechanical property of the shock absorber lifting ring.
2. The invention adopts the step-by-step raw material mixing and microwave sintering process, and accelerates the compaction densification of the pressed compact and the alloying degree among components by low-frequency microwave sintering while fully mixing the raw materials, thereby obviously improving the sintered density, microstructure and mechanical property of the alloy, and further improving the corrosion resistance of the shock absorber lifting ring by matching with surface coating treatment.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention for further description, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1 to 6
The mass percentages of the components in examples 1 to 6 are shown in table 1, and the particle size parameters of the raw material powders (graphite powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder, iron powder, submicron iron oxide) in examples 1 to 6 are shown in table 2.
Table 1: the mass percentages of the raw materials in examples 1 to 6
Table 2: particle size parameters of raw powders in examples 1 to 6
Example 7
The raw materials in the example 1 are mixed according to the mass percentage, and graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe powder are firstly mixed2O3Mixing the powder in a mixer at 15r/min for 10min, adding 2/3 amount of compound lubricant into the mixed powder for 10min, adding rubber for 10min, and adding the rest 1/3 amount of compound lubricant for continuously mixing for 10min to obtain a uniform mixture;
pressing the mixture into a green body under the pressure condition of 500 MPa;
placing the green body in a microwave sintering furnace with the microwave frequency of 1.5GHz, sintering in the mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen, firstly, increasing the temperature to 700 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, sintering for 40min, then increasing the temperature to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, sintering for 20min, wherein the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is as follows: 65: 35.
putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the pH value of 4, soaking for 3min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying, and forming a bright coating with the diameter of 2 mu m on the surface to obtain the finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring, wherein the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 5% and zirconic acid: 15%, citric acid: 2%, trisodium citrate: 1% and the balance of water.
Example 8
The raw materials in the example 2 are mixed according to the mass percentage, and graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder and molybdenum powder are firstly mixedVanadium powder, submicron Fe2O3Mixing the powder in a mixer at 20r/min for 15min, adding 2/3 amount of compound lubricant into the mixed powder for 15min, adding rubber for 15min, and finally adding the rest 1/3 amount of compound lubricant for continuous mixing for 15min to obtain a uniform mixed material;
pressing the mixture into a green body under the condition of 520MPa pressure;
placing the green body in a microwave sintering furnace with the microwave frequency of 1.6GHz, sintering in the mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen, firstly, increasing the temperature to 730 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, sintering for 45min, and then increasing the temperature to 1170 ℃ at the speed of 53 ℃/min, sintering for 20min, wherein the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is as follows: 45: 55.
putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 43 ℃ and the pH value of 4.2, soaking for 4min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying, and forming a bright coating with the diameter of 3 mu m on the surface to obtain the finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring, wherein the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 6% and zirconic acid: 17%, citric acid: 4%, trisodium citrate: 2 percent of water and the balance of water.
Example 9
The raw materials in the example 3 are mixed according to the mass percentage, and graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe powder are firstly mixed2O3Mixing the powder in a mixer at 25r/min for 20min, adding 2/3 amount of compound lubricant therein, mixing for 20min, adding rubber, mixing for 20min, adding the rest 1/3 amount of compound lubricant, and mixing for 20min to obtain a uniform mixture;
pressing the mixture into a green body under the pressure condition of 500 MPa;
placing the green body in a microwave sintering furnace with the microwave frequency of 1.7GHz, sintering in the mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen, firstly, increasing the temperature to 800 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, sintering for 50min, then increasing the temperature to 1220 ℃ at the speed of 55 ℃/min, sintering for 25min, wherein the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is as follows: 67: 36.
putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the pH value of 4.5, soaking for 5min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying, and forming a bright coating with the diameter of 4 mu m on the surface to obtain the finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring, wherein the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 7% and zirconic acid: 18%, citric acid: 5%, trisodium citrate: 3 percent of water, and the balance of water.
Example 10
The raw materials in the example 4 are mixed according to the mass percentage, and graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe powder are firstly mixed2O3Mixing the powder in a mixer at 26r/min for 18min, adding 2/3 amount of compound lubricant into the mixed powder, mixing for 18min, adding rubber, mixing for 18min, and adding the rest 1/3 amount of compound lubricant, and continuously mixing for 18min to obtain a uniform mixture;
pressing the mixture into a green body under the condition of 540MPa pressure;
placing the green body in a microwave sintering furnace with the microwave frequency of 1.8GHz, sintering in the mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen, firstly, increasing the temperature to 780 ℃ at the speed of 28 ℃/min, sintering for 48min, then increasing the temperature to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 56 ℃/min, sintering for 26min, wherein the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is as follows: 85: 15.
putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 52 ℃ and the pH value of 4.6, soaking for 5min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying, and forming a bright coating with the diameter of 4 mu m on the surface to obtain the finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring, wherein the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 7% and zirconic acid: 16%, citric acid: 6%, trisodium citrate: 4 percent of water, and the balance of water.
Example 11
The raw materials in the example 5 are mixed according to the mass percentage, and graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe powder are firstly mixed2O3Mixing the powder in a mixer at 30r/min for 30min, adding 2/3 amount of compound lubricant into the mixed powder, mixing for 30min, adding rubber, mixing for 30min, adding the rest 1/3 amount of compound lubricant, and continuously mixing for 30min to obtain a uniform mixture;
pressing the mixture into a green body under the pressure condition of 570 MPa;
placing the green body in a microwave sintering furnace with the microwave frequency of 1.9GHz, sintering in the mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen, firstly increasing the temperature to 800 ℃ at the speed of 35 ℃/min, sintering for 55min, then increasing the temperature to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 57 ℃/min, sintering for 28min, wherein the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is as follows: 60: 40.
putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 55 ℃ and the pH value of 4.8, soaking for 5min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying, and forming a bright coating with the diameter of 3 mu m on the surface to obtain the finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring, wherein the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 9% and zirconic acid: 19%, citric acid: 7%, trisodium citrate: 4 percent of water, and the balance of water.
Example 12
The materials are mixed according to the mass percentage of the raw materials in the embodiment 6, and graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe powder are firstly mixed2O3Mixing the powder in a mixer at 35r/min for 35min, adding 2/3 amount of compound lubricant into the mixed powder for 35min, adding rubber for 35min, and finally adding the rest 1/3 amount of compound lubricant for continuously mixing for 35min to obtain a uniform mixed material;
pressing the mixture into a green body under the pressure condition of 600 MPa;
placing the green body in a microwave sintering furnace with the microwave frequency of 2GHz, sintering the green body in the mixed atmosphere of argon and hydrogen, firstly, increasing the temperature to 850 ℃ at the speed of 40 ℃/min, sintering the green body for 60min, and then increasing the temperature to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, sintering the green body for 30min, wherein the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is as follows: 75: 25.
putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the pH value of 5, soaking for 6min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying, and forming a bright coating with the thickness of 5 mu m on the surface to obtain the finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring, wherein the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 10% and zirconic acid: 20%, citric acid: 8%, trisodium citrate: 5 percent of water, and the balance of water.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the starting components do not contain rubber.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the starting components do not contain a lubricant.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the raw material components do not contain rubber and lubricant.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the feed composition does not contain submicron Fe2O3And (3) powder.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the raw materials are mixed in the mixer in one portion.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that sintering was carried out using a conventional sintering process.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that microwave sintering was carried out using a conventional microwave frequency (2.45GHz) in the prior art.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the surface of the damper semi-finished product was coated with a conventional coating liquid in the prior art.
Comparative example 9
This comparative example differs from example 9 only in that the surface of the damper semi-finished product was not post-treated.
Comparative example 10
Common commercially available steel alloys are known in the art.
The results of the performance tests on the shock absorber suspension rings described in examples 7 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 10 are shown in table 1.
Table 1: results of the shock absorber hanging ring performance test in examples 7 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 10
By combining the factors, the invention has reasonable raw material compatibility, preferably selects rubber as a binder, zinc stearate and amide wax as a compound lubricant, selects submicron ferric oxide as a sintering aid, and finally obtains the automobile shock absorber lifting ring with excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance and mechanical property by matching low-frequency microwave sintering.
The technical scope of the invention claimed by the embodiments herein is not exhaustive and new solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the embodiments are also within the scope of the invention, and all parameters involved in the solutions of the invention do not have mutually exclusive combinations if not specifically stated.
Claims (6)
1. The shock absorber lifting ring is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: graphite powder: 0.3-0.8%, manganese powder: 0.08 to 0.4%, niobium powder: 0.02-0.3%, molybdenum powder: 0.06-0.1%, vanadium powder: 0.1-0.5% of submicron Fe2O3Powder: 0.08-0.6%, rubber: 0.05 to 0.4%, lubricant: 0.2 to 1.2 percent of iron powder and inevitable impurities as the rest; the lubricant is compounded by zinc stearate and amide wax;
the processing method of the shock absorber lifting ring comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of the raw material components of the shock absorber lifting ring, and uniformly mixing in a mixer to obtain a mixture;
s2, pressing and forming the mixture to obtain a green body;
s3, performing microwave sintering on the green body in a protective atmosphere under the condition that the microwave frequency is 1.5-2GHz, and cooling to obtain a semi-finished product of the shock absorber;
s4, post-processing the semi-finished product of the shock absorber to obtain a finished product of the shock absorber lifting ring; the post-treatment process comprises the following steps: putting the semi-finished product of the shock absorber into coating liquid with the temperature of 40-60 ℃ and the pH =4-5, dipping for 3-6min, taking out, rinsing with deionized water, drying and forming a bright coating with the surface of 2-5 mu m; the coating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium molybdate: 5-10% and zirconic acid: 15-20%, citric acid: 2-8%, trisodium citrate: 1-5% and the balance of water.
2. The shock absorber lifting ring according to claim 1, wherein the particle sizes of the graphite powder, the manganese powder, the niobium powder, the molybdenum powder, the vanadium powder and the iron powder are all 20-40 μm.
3. The shock absorber lifting ring according to claim 1, wherein the raw material mixing process in the step S1 is as follows: firstly, graphite powder, iron powder, manganese powder, niobium powder, molybdenum powder, vanadium powder and submicron Fe2O3The powders were mixed in a blender, then lubricant in an amount of 2/3 was added to the mix and mixed, then rubber was added and mixed, and finally the remaining 1/3 amount of lubricant was added and mixing continued.
4. The shock absorber suspension ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molding pressure is 500-600 MPa.
5. The shock absorber lifting ring according to claim 1, wherein the protective atmosphere is a mixture of hydrogen and argon, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to argon is (60-75): (25-40).
6. The shock absorber lifting ring according to claim 1, wherein the microwave sintering process comprises: the temperature is raised to 850 ℃ at the rate of 20-40 ℃/min and sintered for 40-60min, and then raised to 1150-1300 ℃ at the rate of 50-60 ℃/min and sintered for 20-30 min.
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