CN108744235A - 一种多功能排尿管 - Google Patents
一种多功能排尿管 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多功能排尿管，中间管腔的一端设置尿管尖端，尿管尖端为圆滑封闭结构，尿管尖端的侧边设置侧孔，中间管腔的外设置柔性的球囊，球囊与注射孔相通连接，中间管腔的另一端同时与第一引流管腔、第二引流管腔和压力装置的一端连接，压力装置用于封闭第二引流管腔，压力装置的另一端同时与尿管末端、第二引流管腔和第一引流管腔的另一端相通连接，卡子设置于第一引流管腔上作为开关，压力装置能够开闭第二引流管腔。与现有技术相比，采用本发明的结构和本发明的制作方法制成排尿管，能够便于排尿，还能够达到训练膀胱收缩功能，其材料能够抑制细菌、预防感染，具有推广应用的价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗器械，尤其涉及一种具有抑菌预防尿路感染、自动调节尿液排出的多功能排尿管。
背景技术
抢救手术检查治疗（如：尿潴留、术前准备、昏迷、尿失禁会阴部损伤）过程中，常需安置尿管，特别是昏迷、危重病人，可能需长期安置尿管。目前常用的导尿管多为天然橡胶、硅胶或者聚氯乙烯制成的管路。在安置或者留置尿管中可能出现尿道损伤、尿路感染、尿管滑脱等情况。安置尿管可导致尿道粘膜机械性损伤、患者免疫力低下等因素导致细菌入侵导致尿路感染，而留置尿管时间是发生尿道感染最重要的危险因素。同时长时间留置尿管可并发膀胱收缩无力导致拔除尿管患者无法自主排尿而需要重置尿管从而增加尿道损伤及尿道感染风险。而上述情况在临床中出现给医护、医患带来不便，增加医患矛盾。在国外，尿路感染占医院感染首位；在国内，尿路感染为仅次于呼吸道感染，占医院获得性感染的15.6%（2015年全国细菌耐药监测报告），而80%的尿路感染由留置尿管所致。
目前抑菌导尿管主要有在导尿管外喷涂含银水溶胶（专利）、含有抗生素可降解高分子纤维层（专利）等方式。虽然上述方法在临床上取得了一定效果，但是银离子氧化、抗生物滥用、膀胱收缩无力等问题未能很好解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种多功能排尿管。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：
本发明包括侧孔、球囊、注射孔、第一引流管腔、第二引流管腔、中间管腔、压力装置、尿管末端、尿管尖端和卡子，所述中间管腔的一端设置所述尿管尖端，所述尿管尖端为圆滑封闭结构，所述尿管尖端的侧边设置所述侧孔，所述中间管腔的外设置柔性的球囊，所述球囊与所述注射孔相通连接，所述中间管腔的另一端同时与第一引流管腔、第二引流管腔和所述压力装置的一端连接，所述压力装置用于封闭第二引流管腔，所述压力装置的另一端同时与尿管末端、所述第二引流管腔和所述第一引流管腔的另一端相通连接，所述卡子设置于所述第一引流管腔上作为开关，所述压力装置能够开闭所述第二引流管腔。
本发明制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）石墨分别加入浓硫酸、五氧化二磷、过硫酸钾所得预氧化产物水洗至中性，预氧化产物在低温条件下加分别加入高锰酸钾、双氧水、10%氯化氢后离心水洗沉淀物至中性，反复冲洗高速离心收集上清液后过滤得到氧化石墨烯分散液；
（2）氧化石墨烯分散液按照1:1分别加入氢氧化钠及氯乙酸钠反复离心处理后加入6臂聚乙烯及碳二亚胺盐酸盐后反复冲洗透析；
（3）天然橡胶与上诉所得氧化石墨烯分散液混合在惰性气体环境下进行热处理，使氧化石墨烯固定在橡胶表面得到氧化石墨烯复合材料；
（4）在计算机上进行数据模拟，得到膀胱适度充盈时作用于尿管末端的压力；
（5）计算机上根据压力计算出尿管末端适应弹力；
（6）使用氧化石墨烯复合材料加工不同管径、类型、压力的尿管。
进一步，所述步骤（3）中的天然橡胶为硅胶或聚乙烯中的一种或两种组合。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明是一种多功能排尿管，与现有技术相比，采用本发明的结构和本发明的制作方法制成排尿管，能够便于排尿，还能够达到训练膀胱收缩功能，其材料能够抑制细菌、预防感染，具有推广应用的价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中：1-侧孔、2-球囊、3-注射孔、4-第一引流管腔、5-第二引流管腔、6-中间管腔、7-压力装置、8-尿管末端、9-尿管尖端、10-卡子。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
如图1所示：本发明包括侧孔1、球囊2、注射孔3、第一引流管腔4、第二引流管腔5、中间管腔6、压力装置7、尿管末端8、尿管尖端9和卡子10，所述中间管腔6的一端设置所述尿管尖端9，所述尿管尖端9为圆滑封闭结构，所述尿管尖端9的侧边设置所述侧孔1，所述中间管腔6的外设置柔性的球囊2，所述球囊2与所述注射孔3相通连接，所述中间管腔6的另一端同时与第一引流管腔4、第二引流管腔5和所述压力装置7的一端连接，所述压力装置7用于封闭第二引流管腔5，所述压力装置7的另一端同时与尿管末端8、所述第二引流管腔5和所述第一引流管腔4的另一端相通连接，所述卡子10设置于所述第一引流管腔4上作为开关，所述压力装置7能够开闭所述第二引流管腔5。
本发明制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）石墨分别加入浓硫酸、五氧化二磷、过硫酸钾所得预氧化产物水洗至中性，预氧化产物在低温条件下加分别加入高锰酸钾、双氧水、10%氯化氢后离心水洗沉淀物至中性，反复冲洗高速离心收集上清液后过滤得到氧化石墨烯分散液；
（2）氧化石墨烯分散液按照1:1分别加入氢氧化钠及氯乙酸钠反复离心处理后加入6臂聚乙烯及碳二亚胺盐酸盐后反复冲洗透析；
（3）天然橡胶与上诉所得氧化石墨烯分散液混合在惰性气体环境下进行热处理，使氧化石墨烯固定在橡胶表面得到氧化石墨烯复合材料；
（4）在计算机上进行数据模拟，得到膀胱适度充盈时作用于尿管末端的压力；
（5）计算机上根据压力计算出尿管末端适应弹力；
（6）使用氧化石墨烯复合材料加工不同管径、类型、压力的尿管。
进一步，所述步骤（3）中的天然橡胶为硅胶或聚乙烯中的一种或两种组合。
常规导尿后从注射孔3中注入空气或生理盐水使球囊2膨胀固定，尿液从尿管尖端9的侧孔1处流出，通过中间管腔6到达压力装置7，使用卡子10夹闭第一引流管腔4，尿液不能从尿管排除，当膀胱尿液达到一定量后，尿液作用于压力装置7使其后退，尿液经过第二引流管腔5和尿管末端8排出达到训练膀胱收缩功能；未使用卡子10夹闭第一引流管腔4，尿液直接从第一引流管腔4经过尿管末端8排出。
自从青霉素发现至今，抗菌药物的发展已基本完善，但是抗菌药也带来众多挑战，抗生素滥用、耐药性、超级细菌的产生等。迫使不断发现新的抗菌药物从而提高抗菌效果，减少对人及环境危害。石墨是有序排列的平面层状碳原子堆叠形成，可通过机械性方法才从石墨中分类。有研究表明，细菌可粘附于石墨烯的衍生物氧化石墨烯表面，石墨烯边缘使细菌的细胞膜受到破坏，致使细菌细胞内物质溢出而死；氧化石墨烯过剩的活性氧（ROS）、氧化脂肪酸导致脂质过氧化的使细胞膜裂解死亡，从而使氧化石墨烯即使在低浓度时也表现为抑菌能力。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (3)
1.一种多功能排尿管，其特征在于：包括侧孔、球囊、注射孔、第一引流管腔、第二引流管腔、中间管腔、压力装置、尿管末端、尿管尖端和卡子，所述中间管腔的一端设置所述尿管尖端，所述尿管尖端为圆滑封闭结构，所述尿管尖端的侧边设置所述侧孔，所述中间管腔的外设置柔性的球囊，所述球囊与所述注射孔相通连接，所述中间管腔的另一端同时与第一引流管腔、第二引流管腔和所述压力装置的一端连接，所述压力装置用于封闭第二引流管腔，所述压力装置的另一端同时与尿管末端、所述第二引流管腔和所述第一引流管腔的另一端相通连接，所述卡子设置于所述第一引流管腔上作为开关，所述压力装置能够开闭所述第二引流管腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能排尿管，其特征在于，制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）石墨分别加入浓硫酸、五氧化二磷、过硫酸钾所得预氧化产物水洗至中性，预氧化产物在低温条件下加分别加入高锰酸钾、双氧水、10%氯化氢后离心水洗沉淀物至中性，反复冲洗高速离心收集上清液后过滤得到氧化石墨烯分散液；
（2）氧化石墨烯分散液按照1:1分别加入氢氧化钠及氯乙酸钠反复离心处理后加入6臂聚乙烯及碳二亚胺盐酸盐后反复冲洗透析；
（3）天然橡胶与上诉所得氧化石墨烯分散液混合在惰性气体环境下进行热处理，使氧化石墨烯固定在橡胶表面得到氧化石墨烯复合材料；
（4）在计算机上进行数据模拟，得到膀胱适度充盈时作用于尿管末端的压力；
（5）计算机上根据压力计算出尿管末端适应弹力；
（6）使用氧化石墨烯复合材料加工不同管径、类型、压力的尿管。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能排尿管，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中的天然橡胶为硅胶或聚乙烯中的一种或两种组合。
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