CN108740354B - Crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108740354B CN108740354B CN201810566381.8A CN201810566381A CN108740354B CN 108740354 B CN108740354 B CN 108740354B CN 201810566381 A CN201810566381 A CN 201810566381A CN 108740354 B CN108740354 B CN 108740354B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of aquaculture crayfish feed additives. The additive consists of glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, compound nucleotide and zeolite powder; the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: A. taking five nucleotides of 5 ' -adenylic acid, 5 ' -uridylic acid disodium, 5 ' -cytidylic acid disodium, 5 ' -guanylic acid disodium and 5 ' -inosinic acid disodium, crushing the five nucleotides, sieving the five nucleotides by a sieve of 60 to 80 meshes, and mixing the five nucleotides in a small dry powder stirrer according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1:1 for 15 to 20 minutes; B. and B, respectively crushing the glycine, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the zeolite powder, sieving the crushed materials with a 60-80-mesh sieve, then weighing the materials and the composite nucleotide obtained in the step A according to the proportion, and putting the weighed materials and the composite nucleotide into a dry powder stirrer to stir for 30-45 minutes so as to fully and uniformly mix the materials. The additive effectively overcomes the problems of slow growth, low immunity and the like caused by crowding stress, and remarkably reduces the stump rate and death rate of crayfish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crayfish feed additives, and particularly relates to a crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the large-scale and intensive development of the aquaculture industry in China, high-density aquaculture is a method for obtaining the maximum utilization of water, and becomes a mode of aquaculture. However, too high stocking density can increase competition for space and resources of the farmed animals, so that the farmed animals are subjected to crowding stress, thereby causing stress response. When the aquaculture animals are in a sustained stress state, not only can a large amount of energy be consumed, but also the immune defense function of the organism can be inhibited, thereby causing the outbreak of diseases of the aquaculture animals. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the crowding stress of high-density aquaculture on aquaculture animals is one of the important problems for improving the high-efficiency development of the aquaculture industry in China.
Crayfish, the academic name Procambarus clarkii, has been widely cultivated nationwide since the 20 th century and the 30 th century since being introduced into China, and becomes an important freshwater shrimp cultivation variety. However, the low per unit yield of the artificial crayfish breeding is the biggest obstacle for restricting the development of the crayfish. The main reasons are: firstly, the crayfish is healthy and healthy, has the characteristic of cannibalism, and has the phenomena of eating small lobster and no molting or soft-shell shrimps. Secondly, crayfish is easy to be crowded and stressed after the breeding density is high, the crayfish grows slowly, the disease resistance is reduced, a large number of diseases are caused, especially, white spot syndrome virus diseases frequently occur under the condition of crayfish artificial breeding in recent years, and great loss is caused to the crayfish breeding industry. Therefore, the improvement of the crowding stress resistance of the crayfish through the nutritional method provides a powerful technical support for the rapid and healthy development of the crayfish breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of disease outbreak caused by low crowding stress resistance of crayfishes due to high-density breeding in crayfish breeding industry in China in the background art, the invention aims to provide a crayfish crowding stress resistance feed additive. By adding the product into the feed, the crowding stress resistance of the crayfishes under intensive culture conditions can be effectively improved, the self-mutilation and disease incidence rate of the crayfishes caused by high-density culture is reduced, the single yield of the crayfishes can be improved to the maximum extent, and the healthy and continuous development of the crayfish culture industry is greatly promoted. The product has the advantages of small dosage, easy method, simple operation and obvious effect, and is a novel feed additive for regulating and controlling the crayfish anti-crowding stress from two aspects of a nervous system and an immune system.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive, which is simple to operate, convenient to operate and applicable to large-scale industrial production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
a crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass (in a preferred range):
a crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass (preferably ranges):
a crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass (optimal value):
the composite nucleotide comprises the components of 5 ' -disodium adenylate, 5 ' -disodium uridylate, 5 ' -disodium cytidylate, 5 ' -disodium guanylate and 5 ' -disodium inosinate, and is prepared by mixing the five components according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
A. taking five nucleotides of 5 ' -disodium adenylate, 5 ' -disodium uridylate, 5 ' -disodium cytidylate, 5 ' -disodium guanylate and 5 ' -disodium inosinate, crushing the five nucleotides, sieving the five nucleotides by a sieve of 60 to 80 meshes, and mixing the five nucleotides in a small dry powder stirrer according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1:1 for 15 to 20 minutes to obtain composite nucleotide;
B. and B, respectively crushing the glycine, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the zeolite powder, sieving the crushed materials with a 60-80-mesh sieve, then weighing the materials and the composite nucleotide obtained in the step A according to the proportion, putting the weighed materials and the composite nucleotide into a dry powder stirrer, and stirring for 30-45 minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials to obtain the crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive.
The crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive is added into crayfish artificial compound feed, and particularly has a better adding effect in crayfish juvenile crayfish artificial compound feed. The addition amount in the feed for the cultured fishes is 0.5-1.0 percent by weight, and the specific addition amount can be properly adjusted according to the culture mode, the growth stage, the feeding amount and the stocking density of the crayfishes.
Compared with the existing additives, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the artificial compound feed for the crayfishes is added into the artificial compound feed for the crayfishes, so that the crowding stress resistance of the crayfishes under the high-density culture condition can be improved, the self-mutilation rate and the death rate of the crayfishes are reduced, and the growth performance and the immunity of the crayfishes can be improved.
(2) The glycine and the gamma-aminobutyric acid are two inhibitory neurotransmitters, and simultaneously, the glycine is also a neurotransmitter regulator.
(3) Glycine and nucleotide are two non-essential nutrients, and the crayfish body can synthesize the two substances to meet the requirement of the crayfish body under normal conditions, but under the condition of artificial breeding, the demand is increased due to the crowding stress generated by rapid growth and high stocking density. Exogenous glycine and nucleotide are added into the feed, so that the synthesis of two substances by an organism can be reduced, the normal physiological function of the crayfish organism is effectively improved, and the problems of slow growth and low disease resistance of the crayfish caused by crowding stress can be particularly avoided.
(4) According to the invention, 0.5-1.0% of crayfish feed is added, so that the stump rate and the death rate of crayfish under the high-density culture condition can be remarkably reduced by 30-50% and 15-25%; meanwhile, the growth performance of the crayfishes can be improved by 15-20%, the immunity is enhanced by 20-40%, and the crayfish breeding method has a good application value in developing high-density healthy breeding of crayfish breeding industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the product on crayfish stump rate under crowding stress conditions.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the product on crayfish mortality under crowding stress.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the product on crayfish growth performance under crowding stress.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the product on lysozyme activity in crayfish serum under crowding stress.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the product on the cortisol content of crayfish serum under crowding stress.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Example 1
The crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the composite nucleotide comprises the components of 5 ' -disodium adenylate, 5 ' -disodium uridylate, 5 ' -disodium cytidylate, 5 ' -disodium guanylate and 5 ' -disodium inosinate, and is prepared by mixing the five components according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the invention relates to a crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive, which comprises the following steps:
A. taking five nucleotides of 5 ' -adenylic acid, 5 ' -uridylic acid disodium, 5 ' -cytidylic acid disodium, 5 ' -guanylic acid disodium and 5 ' -inosinic acid disodium, crushing the five nucleotides, sieving the five nucleotides by a 70-mesh sieve, and mixing the five nucleotides in a small dry powder stirrer according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1:1 for 20 minutes to obtain composite nucleotide;
B. and B, respectively crushing the glycine, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the zeolite powder, sieving the crushed materials with a 70-mesh sieve, then weighing the materials and the composite nucleotide obtained in the step A according to the proportion, putting the weighed materials and the composite nucleotide into a dry powder stirrer, and stirring for 45 minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials, thereby obtaining the crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive.
Example 2
The crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the composite nucleotide comprises the components of 5 ' -disodium adenylate, 5 ' -disodium uridylate, 5 ' -disodium cytidylate, 5 ' -disodium guanylate and 5 ' -disodium inosinate, and is prepared by mixing the five components according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The crayfish crowding stress resistant feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the composite nucleotide comprises the components of 5 ' -disodium adenylate, 5 ' -disodium uridylate, 5 ' -disodium cytidylate, 5 ' -disodium guanylate and 5 ' -disodium inosinate, and is prepared by mixing the five components according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1: 1;
the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Test examples
Cultivation test and effect: the average body mass of the tested crayfish is (2.64 +/-0.26) g, the test site is located in an indoor temperature control culture system of an aquaculture base of an animal science institute of university of Yangtze river, Jingzhou, Hubei, the tested crayfish adopts glass water tanks with the specification of 125cm multiplied by 80cm multiplied by 50cm, and 10 PVC pipes (with the length of about 10cm) are placed at the bottom of each water tank and used for the crayfish to avoid when the crayfish exuviates. The test time is 28 days from 5 months and 8 days to 6 months and 3 days in 2017, and the feeding is carried out on the diet at 6:30 in the morning and 6:30 in the evening. Randomly dividing the test fish into 3 groups, stocking 20 crayfishes in the water vat of the control group 1, stocking 60 crayfishes in the water vats of the control group 2 and the test group respectively, and correspondingly stocking the crayfishes at densities of 20, 60 and 60 fish/m2. Control groups 1, 2: feeding control group feed; test groups: control feed + 1% of the additive of example 1 was fed.
The feed formulation and nutrient content used in the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental feed formulation and nutrient composition
After 4 weeks of culture test, the stump rate, death rate and weight gain rate of 3 groups of crayfishes are respectively counted, and the lysozyme activity and the cortisol content in the serum of the 3 groups of crayfishes are simultaneously detected. As a result, compared with the control group 1, the control group 2 has a great increase in the stump rate and mortality rate of the crayfish after increasing the stocking density, and the growth rate is significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the content of cortisol hormone in serum is higher, and the activity of lysozyme is obviously reduced. However, after 1% of the additive of example 1 was added to the feed of the control group, the stump rate and the death rate of crayfish were reduced by 50% and 23.46%, respectively, and the weight gain rate was increased by 16.15% in the test group compared to the control group 2. The activity of the lysozyme in serum is increased by 37.75 percent, and the content of the cortisol hormone is reduced by 43.54 percent.
Lysozyme in serum is a non-specific immune factor, and for crustaceans, the resistance of the lysozyme against external pathogenic bacteria is mainly exerted by the non-specific immune factor, and particularly the lysozyme is one of the main indexes of the disease resistance of crayfish. And cortisol hormone is produced by the interrenal tissues and released into the blood of crayfish after environmental stress. Therefore, the cortisol hormone content in serum can be seen as a signal indicator of crayfish suffering from crowding stress.
The test results show that crayfish can be crowded and stressed by high-density breeding, so that the problems of increased stump rate and death rate, reduced growth performance and immunity and the like are caused. And 1% of the additive in the example 1 is added into the feed, so that the crowding stress of high-density breeding on crayfish can be relieved, the stump rate and the death rate of crayfish can be obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the problems of slow growth, low immunity and the like caused by crowding stress are solved. Therefore, the invention has important application value for developing high-density breeding of crayfish breeding industry.
Claims (1)
1. A feed additive for reducing mutual killing of procambarus clarkii is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
raw material name mass fraction%
35 percent of glycine
25 percent of gamma-aminobutyric acid
30 percent of compound nucleotide
10 percent of zeolite powder
The preparation method of the feed additive for reducing mutual killing of procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:
A. taking five nucleotides of 5 ' -adenylic acid, 5 ' -uridylic acid disodium, 5 ' -cytidylic acid disodium, 5 ' -guanylic acid disodium and 5 ' -inosinic acid disodium, crushing, sieving with a 70-mesh sieve, and mixing in a small dry powder stirrer according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1:1 for 20 minutes to obtain composite nucleotide;
B. and B, respectively crushing the glycine, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the zeolite powder, sieving the crushed materials with a 70-mesh sieve, then weighing the materials and the composite nucleotide obtained in the step A according to the proportion, and putting the weighed materials and the composite nucleotide into a dry powder stirrer to stir for 45 minutes so as to fully and uniformly mix the materials, thereby obtaining the feed additive for reducing mutual killing of the procambarus clarkii.
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