CN108740289A - A kind of fermented feed applied to prawn culturing - Google Patents
A kind of fermented feed applied to prawn culturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108740289A CN108740289A CN201810896929.5A CN201810896929A CN108740289A CN 108740289 A CN108740289 A CN 108740289A CN 201810896929 A CN201810896929 A CN 201810896929A CN 108740289 A CN108740289 A CN 108740289A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fermented feed applied to prawn culturing, includes wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar and inorganic salts；Wherein wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar, the mass fraction of inorganic salts are as follows：Wheat bran 30-40, wheat-middlings 10-20, corn steep liquor 10-20, dregs of beans 10-20, fish meal 5-10, brown sugar 2-5, inorganic salts 0.5-1.Further, bacillus is also added in above-mentioned fermented feed；Its deposit number is CGMCC NO.15747.Use feed of the present invention; the survival rate and yield of prawn can effectively be improved; promote prawn fast-growth so as to shorten the culture-cycle; protect the health of prawn hepatopancrease; the immunity and environment resistant for enhancing prawn coerce ability, it is most important that improve the feed conversion efficiency of prawn to reduce feed coefficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture feed preparing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of fermentation applied to prawn culturing is raised
Material.
Background technology
The nutrition of prawn mixed feed is balanced, and convenient for storage, obtains large-scale application in shrimp culture industry.However,
Since gut of shrimp is shorter, most of nitrogens in feed cannot be utilized well, the nitrogen member being transferred in prawn body
Element is only 20%-30%, remaining is all discharged into breeding environment, is both the waste loss of prawn feed nutrient, also to environment
It pollutes.In addition, prawn can continuously ingest, if being fed in breeding process excessively can make prawn hepatopancrease load excessive,
To hepatopancrease, this prawn vitals causes to damage, and seriously affects the normal function and health of prawn body.
Fermented feed is using microorganism and complex enzyme as leavening, using the effect of microorganism, using special producing work
Skill fermentation, produce be rich in beneficial bacterium and its active material, the biological fermentation feed of the nutritional ingredients such as small peptide amino acid.
The feed conversion efficiency that cultivated animals can be improved using fermented feed in cultivation improves absorption of the prawn to nutrients such as nitrogen
It utilizes, reduces its waste, promote prawn growth, there is prodigious application value.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of fermented feed applied to prawn culturing, to make up the deficiencies in the prior art.
The fermented feed for prawn culturing of the present invention, includes wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar
And inorganic salts；Wherein wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar, the mass fraction of inorganic salts are as follows：Wheat bran 30-40,
Wheat-middlings 10-20, corn steep liquor 10-20, dregs of beans 10-20, fish meal 5-10, brown sugar 2-5, inorganic salts 0.5-1.
Further, bacillus is also added in above-mentioned fermented feed；
The bacillus is BJZ201601 plants of bacillus (Bacillus sp.)；In preservation on May 9 in 2018
In China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms positioned at Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3
The heart, deposit number are CGMCC NO.15747；
The fermented feed of the present invention, preparation method is by wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar, inorganic salts
It after being mixed, is cured first, enzymolysis is carried out after curing 24-48 hours, bacillus and saccharomycete is then added, 34
It ventilates 8-12 hours under the conditions of DEG C -36 DEG C；Bacillus acidi lactici is added, it is small that anaerobism glycolysis 72-96 is carried out under the conditions of 34 DEG C -36 DEG C
When it is manufactured.
The curing is that raw material is fitted into vapor can, steam is inputted into vapor can, while stirring raw material, waits for original
After material curing, lets off steam and dry.
The enzymolysis originates from aspergillus niger wherein the enzyme used is protease；The temperature of enzymolysis is 37 DEG C；
Feed provided by the present invention is used as prawn feed, and when use and mixed feed is in 10%-20% ratios
After mixing, it is added after appropriate fresh water makes it be sealed by fermentation 2-4 hours in moisture state and feeds prawn.
Using feed of the present invention, can effectively improve the survival rate and yield of prawn, promote prawn fast-growth to
Shorten the culture-cycle, protect the health of prawn hepatopancrease, enhances the immunity and environment resistant stress ability of prawn, it is most important that
The feed conversion efficiency of prawn is improved to reduce feed coefficient.
Specific implementation mode
Applicant has found in long-term cultivation practice, since gut of shrimp is shorter, and contains in prawn mixed feed ingredient
There is a large amount of natural anti-nutritional factors, constrains being absorbed and utilized for utilization rate of the prawn to feed, especially nitrogen, only
20-30%.In addition, prawn can continuously ingest, it is right if being fed in breeding process excessively can make prawn hepatopancrease load excessive
This prawn vitals of hepatopancrease cause to damage, and seriously affect the normal function and health of prawn body；But if feeding less,
Throughput rate can be caused to occur again insufficient；Therefore, how being fed to cultured prawn for science always cultivates in practice
Critical issue.And in order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a kind of fermented feed of prawn culturing, coordinates from gut of shrimp
The bacillus of separation can effectively solve the problems, such as that feed retention time length in prawn body causes.
The specific implementation mode of technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited in being described below
Hold：
Embodiment 1：The screening of bacterial strain
It screens to obtain 33 plants of purifying using scribing line purification process from the living individuals enteron aisle of prawn culturing late onset pond
Bacterial strain, first with casein solid medium and starch solids culture medium to the ability of purifying bacterial strain production protease and amylase into
Row evaluation, screening obtains efficiently producing protease and amylase strain, on the basis of institute's bacterium, with 3 kinds of aquatic products encountered pathogenics
Bacterium (Vibrio harveyi (V.harveyi), Kan Beishi vibrios (V.campbellii), vibrio parahaemolytious
(V.parahaemolyticus) it is indicator bacteria, checks the efficient production protease screened and amylase strain to the short of money of pathogen
Anti- effect.After overall merit, is screened from 33 plants of separated purification of bacterial and obtain one plant of full-featured bacterial strain, i.e. producing enzyme energy
Power is strong, and has the bacterial strain of certain antagonism to pathogen,
The function stem obtained is sequenced, obtains its 16S rRNA sequence, sequencing result is same with blast search in NCBI
Source sequence determines bacterial strain type using the phylogenetic tree of MEGA software building bacterial strains.Through being initially identified as：Bacillus
(Bacillus.sp) belong to bacterium, number BJZ201601.The strain cell is in quarter butt shape, is carried out with divisional mode asexual numerous
It grows.With LB medium cultures, milky circular colonies are formed, opaque, surface is smooth mellow and full, neat in edge.Suitable for culture
Temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius, has relatively stable fungistatic effect in maltose, glucose, the culture medium that starch is carbon original, and
The bacterial strain bacteria resistance function is smaller by environmental influence.
To compare the effect of bacterium, cross its be fabricated to dry bacteria, with other gemma bacillus agents in the market into
Row contrast experiment.It weighs the quality dry bacteria such as different product, after activation culture, enzymatic productivity and arc is checked using filter paper enzyme
Bacterium antagonistic ability difference, the results showed that, the strain enzyme-producing effect screened of the present invention and equal to the antagonism of pathogen
It is apparently higher than market similar product.Concrete outcome such as following table is such as shown.
Note：Data are enzymolysis circle or inhibition zone size (mm), and-expression is to no effect
Embodiment 2：The preparation of fermented feed
The bacillus of screening is used to prepare prawn fermented feed, the preparation process of preparation is as follows：By wheat bran, wheat-middlings,
After corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar, inorganic salts are mixed by mass fraction 37,18,18,15,8,3.5,0.5, first into
Row curing, carries out enzymolysis 36 hours after curing, screened bacillus and saccharomycete is then added, is carried out under the conditions of 34 DEG C
Ventilation glycolysis 12 hours；Bacillus acidi lactici is added, is carried out under the conditions of 36 DEG C made of anaerobism glycolysis 96 hours.
The curing is that raw material is fitted into vapor can, steam is inputted into vapor can, while stirring raw material, waits for original
After material curing, lets off steam and dry.
The enzymolysis originates from aspergillus niger wherein the enzyme used is protease；The temperature of enzymolysis is 37 degree；
Manufactured feed leading indicator is as follows：Sense organ：Yellowish-brown coloured particles have fermenting aroma, free from extraneous odour, no-sundries, moisture：
33.2%, small peptide：42%, lactobacillus bacterium number：1.0×106Cfu/g, saccharomycete bacterium number：1.0×105Cfu/g, bacillus subtilis
The bacterium number that BJZ201601 plants of bacterium：1.9×105cfu/g。
Embodiment 3
For the function of the practical application effect and institute's bacterium of verification feed of the present invention, certain product in the market are had chosen
Board fermented feed as a contrast, has carried out contrast experiment.Provided with 3 experimental groups, mixed feed group, fermented feed contrast groups,
Fermented feed group (prepared feed in embodiment 2).Prawn mixed feed (thick egg is only fed in mixed feed group breeding process
Bai Hanliang >=42.%, crude fibre≤5.0%, coarse ash≤16.0%, moisture≤12.0%, calcium >=1.5%, total phosphorus >=
1.0%, salt≤3.0%, lysine >=2.1%).Fermented feed contrast groups are pressed using certain brand fermented feed in the market
After 20% ratio is mixed with prawn mixed feed, appropriate fresh water is added, prawn is fed after sealing 4 is small, fermented feed group uses
Fermented feed in the present invention after being mixed with prawn mixed feed in 20% ratio, is added appropriate fresh water, is thrown after sealing 4 is small
Feed prawn.In breeding process, feeds 5 times, terminate from cultivation initial stage to cultivation daily, totally 86 days.
After cultivation, compared with mixed feed group and fermented feed contrast groups, pair of fermented feed in the present invention is fed
5.7% and 24.5% (mixed feed group is respectively increased in shrimp survival rate：65.2%, fermented feed contrast groups：68.9%, fermentation is raised
Material group：81.2%), 7.5% and 22.6% (mixed feed group is respectively increased in yield：5.3kg/m3, fermented feed contrast groups：
5.7kg/m3, fermented feed group:6.5kg/m3), feed coefficient declines and 7.1% and 21.4% (mixed feed group：1.4, fermentation
Feed contrast groups：1.3, fermented feed group：1.1).The above result shows that prawn can be significantly improved by feeding this kind of fermented feed
Survival rate, yield, while reducing feed coefficient.
Later stage has carried out environment-stress experiment, compared with mixed feed group and fermented feed contrast groups, ammonia nitrogen Acute stress
Under, the prawn survival rate for feeding fermented feed in the present invention improves 2.8% and 48.2% (mixed feed group：33.6%, fermentation is raised
Expect contrast groups：32.7%, fermented feed group：49.8%).Salinity by 30 busts to 5 when, prawn survival rate is respectively increased and 1.4
With 36.2% (mixed feed group：43.6%, fermented feed contrast groups：44.2%, fermented feed group：60.2%).Result above
Show that the environment resistance of prawn can be significantly improved by feeding this kind of fermented feed.
In addition, vibrios content in breeding water body and prawn hepatopancrease has been monitored in the cultivation later stage, in mixed feed group water body
Amount of vibrio maintains 4.5 × 104cfu/mL-5.5×105Cfu/mL maintains 2.7 × 10 in prawn hepatopancrease2cfu/g-
5.3×103Cfu/g, amount of vibrio maintains 4.8 × 10 in fermented feed contrast groups water body4cfu/mL-6.0×105Cfu/mL,
2.7 × 10 are maintained in prawn hepatopancrease2cfu/g-5.3×104Cfu/g, amount of vibrio maintains in fermented feed group water body
4.8×104cfu/mL-6.0×1042.6 × 10 are maintained in cfu/mL prawn hepatopancreases1cfu/g-3.3×103cfu/g.With
Above the result shows that amount of vibrio in breeding environment and prawn body can be significantly inhibited by feeding this kind of fermented feed.
After cultivation, determines aliphatic acid in prawn muscle and form, mixed feed group prawn unsaturated fatty acid, EPA,
It is respectively 70.28%, 8.36%, 11.63% that DHA, which accounts for total fatty acids ratio,；Fermented feed contrast groups prawn unsaturated fatty acid,
It is respectively 71.19%, 8.45%, 11.53% that EPA, DHA, which account for total fatty acids ratio,；Fermented feed group prawn unsaturated fatty acid,
It is respectively 72.09%, 8.89%, 12.71% that EPA, DHA, which account for total fatty acids ratio,.It is raised the above result shows that feeding this kind fermentation
Material can significantly improve unsaturated fatty acid content in prawn muscle, to improve prawn nutritive value.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of fermented feed for prawn culturing, feature, the fermented feed include wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor,
Dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar and inorganic salts；Wherein wheat bran, wheat-middlings, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar, inorganic salts mass fraction such as
Under：Wheat bran 30-40, wheat-middlings 10-20, corn steep liquor 10-20, dregs of beans 10-20, fish meal 5-10, brown sugar 2-5, inorganic salts 0.5-1.
2. fermented feed as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be also added with bacillus in the fermented feed.
3. fermented feed as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the deposit number of the bacillus is CGMCC
NO.15747。
4. the preparation method of fermented feed described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method is by wheat bran, secondary
It after powder, corn steep liquor, dregs of beans, fish meal, brown sugar, inorganic salts are mixed, is cured first, it is small that enzymolysis 24-48 is carried out after curing
When, bacillus and saccharomycete is then added, ventilates 8-12 hours under the conditions of 34 DEG C -36 DEG C；Bacillus acidi lactici is added, 34
It is carried out under the conditions of DEG C -36 DEG C made of anaerobism glycolysis 72-96 hours.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the curing is that raw material is fitted into vapor can, to steam
Steam is inputted in tank, while stirring raw material, after raw material curing, is let off steam and is dried.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the enzymolysis originates from black wherein the enzyme used is protease
Aspergillus；The temperature of enzymolysis is 37 DEG C.
7. the application process of fermented feed described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be to raise the fermented feed and cooperation
After material is mixed in 10%-20% ratios, it is added after fresh water makes it be sealed by fermentation 2-4 hours in moisture state and feeds prawn.
8. a kind of bacillus, which is characterized in that the deposit number is CGMCC NO.15747.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109393209A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-01 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | Shrimp Biofunctional feed and preparation method thereof rich in viable bacteria enzyme living |
| CN110710617A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-21 | 青岛尚德生物技术有限公司 | Fermented soft pellet feed for penaeus vannamei boone and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109393209A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-01 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | Shrimp Biofunctional feed and preparation method thereof rich in viable bacteria enzyme living |
| CN110710617A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-21 | 青岛尚德生物技术有限公司 | Fermented soft pellet feed for penaeus vannamei boone and preparation method and application thereof |
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