CN108738427B

CN108738427B - Precision planter

Info

Publication number: CN108738427B
Application number: CN201810348155.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王方艳
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-04-18
Filing date: 2018-04-18
Publication date: 2024-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-18
Also published as: CN108738427A

Abstract

The invention relates to seeding machinery, in particular to a precision seeder. Including frame, direction walk straight portion, seed metering portion, press cover portion and automatically controlled portion, the direction is walked straight portion, seed metering portion, press cover portion and automatically controlled portion all set up in the frame, the direction is walked straight portion and is set up in the place ahead of frame, the direction is walked straight portion and is articulated with the frame, press cover portion sets up the rear end at the frame, seed metering portion sets up and walks between straight portion and the press cover portion in the direction, seed metering portion and automatically controlled portion electricity are connected, seed metering portion includes motor, seed metering device and seed metering device, and the motor includes motor I and motor II, and the output shaft of motor I passes through seed metering device transmission shaft and is connected with seed metering device, and seed metering device is located seed metering device's below, is connected through gear drive between seed metering device and the seed metering device transmission shaft. It realizes uniform and precise seed metering.

Description

Precision planter

Technical Field

The invention relates to seeding machinery, in particular to a precision seeder.

Background

The technical level of the planting mechanical equipment of the small-grain-size seed plants is improved, and the development, the development and the optimization of the advanced and applicable small-grain-size seed precision sowing machinery are urgent in the development of agricultural industrialization.

Conventional seed metering machines typically employ a vertical pocket wheel type seed metering device. The seed sowing device has strict requirements on the external dimensions of seeds, is easy to damage the seeds and the like, and is only suitable for pelleted seeds. For small particle size seeds, each pocket is filled with at least 3 to 5 seeds, so that only multi-seed sowing can be achieved. After the seedlings grow out, manual thinning is also needed, precious seed resources are wasted, and labor cost is increased. The existing cone-disc seeder can realize single-seed seeding, but has the problem that uneven seeding is easy to occur when the seed quantity is changed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a precision planter which realizes uniform and precision seed metering.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a precision planter, includes the frame, wherein, still includes direction and walks straight part, seed metering portion and press cover portion, and direction is walked straight part, seed metering portion and press cover portion and all set up in the frame, and direction is walked straight part and is set up in the place ahead of frame, and direction is walked straight part and is articulated with the frame, and press cover portion sets up the rear end at the frame, and seed metering portion sets up between direction and walks straight part and press cover portion, seed metering portion includes motor, seed metering device and seed metering device, and the motor includes motor I and motor II, and the output shaft of motor I passes through seed metering device transmission shaft and is connected with seed metering device, and seed metering device is located seed metering device's below, is connected through gear drive between seed metering device and the seed metering device transmission shaft;

the seed metering device comprises a seed metering device shell, a seed metering eccentric column positioned in the middle of the seed metering device, a seed guide mechanism fixedly sleeved on the seed metering eccentric column, a seed leakage mechanism positioned below the seed guide mechanism, a seed pressing mechanism arranged at intervals along the upper circumferential surface of the seed leakage mechanism, a seed metering base and a seed metering tube positioned below the seed leakage mechanism, wherein the seed metering eccentric column, the seed guide mechanism, the seed leakage mechanism and the seed pressing mechanism are all arranged in the shell, the seed pressing mechanism is fixed on the inner surface of the shell, the seed metering base is fixedly connected with the bottom of the seed metering device shell, a plurality of seed metering tubes are arranged at intervals on the bottom surface of the seed metering base, a plurality of through holes are correspondingly formed in the seed metering base, the through holes are respectively communicated with the seed metering tubes, and the seed pressing mechanism and the seed metering tube are correspondingly arranged right above the seed metering tubes;

the seed metering eccentric column comprises a shaft I, an eccentric connecting plate I, a shaft II, an eccentric connecting plate II and a ball cage type universal shaft, wherein the ball cage type universal shaft is positioned below a seed metering base, a worm is fixed at the upper end of the shaft I and is connected with a worm gear fixedly sleeved on a transmission shaft of the seed metering device, the bottom end of the shaft I is fixedly connected with the eccentric connecting plate I, the upper end of the shaft II is connected with the eccentric connecting plate II through a bearing, the bottom end of the shaft II sequentially passes through a seed leakage mechanism and the seed metering base and is connected with the ball cage type universal shaft, the seed guiding mechanism is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the shaft II, a seed metering chassis is fixedly connected with the shaft II, the eccentric connecting plate I is fixedly connected with the eccentric connecting plate II, and an angle between the eccentric connecting plate I and the eccentric connecting plate II is 15-25 degrees;

the seed guiding mechanism comprises a conical seed metering disc and a plurality of seed guiding blades fixed on the outer surface of the conical seed metering disc, the seed guiding blades are arranged at intervals along the annular surface of the conical seed metering disc, and the conical seed metering disc is fixed in the middle of the shaft II;

the middle part of the seed leaking mechanism is hinged with the shaft II, the seed leaking mechanism comprises a seed leaking disc, a driving gear and a driven gear, the seed leaking disc comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring and the outer ring are fixedly connected through a plurality of connecting rods which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, a plurality of seed leaking holes are arranged on the outer ring at intervals along the circumferential direction, the driven gear is fixed on the inner surface of the outer ring, the driving gear is positioned on the inner side of the outer ring, the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear, and the driving gear is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor II;

the seed pressing mechanism comprises a seed pressing mechanism shell, a spring, a seed pressing wheel and seed scraping plates, wherein the seed pressing mechanism shell is arc-shaped and is fixed on the inner surface of a shell of the seed sowing device, an arc-shaped groove is formed in the seed pressing mechanism shell, the spring and the seed pressing wheel are arranged in the arc-shaped groove, the spring is located above the seed pressing wheel, the top end of the spring is connected with the top of the arc-shaped groove, the bottom end of the spring is connected with the seed pressing wheel, the lower portion of the seed pressing wheel is located outside the arc-shaped groove, the seed scraping plates are respectively fixed at the bottoms of two end faces of the seed pressing mechanism shell, and the seed pressing mechanism shell is located above the seed leaking plate.

The seed separating device comprises a seed separating device shell, a hole wheel, a supporting plate and a seed separating tube, wherein the seed separating device shell is fixed on the upper surface of the supporting plate, the hole wheel is arranged in the seed separating device shell, the center of the hole wheel is fixedly connected with a seed separating device transmission shaft, the hole wheel is cylindrical, a plurality of radial strip-shaped grooves are arranged at intervals along the cylindrical outer surface of the hole wheel, through holes corresponding to the strip-shaped grooves are arranged at the bottom of the seed separating device shell, through holes are correspondingly arranged in the supporting plate below the seed separating device shell, the seed separating tube is positioned below the supporting plate, the upper end of the seed separating tube is communicated with the through holes of the supporting plate, and the seed guiding mechanism is positioned right below the outlet of the seed discharging tube.

The seed metering base includes seed metering base I and seed metering base II, and seed metering base II is located seed metering base I's top, seed metering base II and the bottom fixed connection of seed metering device casing, seed metering base II and seed metering base I fixed connection, and seed metering base I's bottom surface interval sets up several seed metering pipe, and the corresponding is equipped with the several through-hole in seed metering base II and seed metering base I, and the through-hole communicates with seed metering pipe respectively.

The included angle between the conical surface and the bottom surface of the conical seed metering disc is 25 degrees, the angle between the conical surface and the horizontal surface of the conical seed metering disc is 45 degrees after the conical seed metering disc is fixed with the shaft II, the angle between the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the conical surface of the conical seed metering disc is more than 135 degrees, and the angle between the blade on the inclined side and the horizontal surface of the conical surface is also more than 0 degree after the conical surface of the conical surface is inclined, so that seeds are prevented from sliding out of the seed guiding blade. The included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the bottom surface of the conical seed metering disc is larger than 25 degrees, namely, when the lower end of the blade rotates to the lowest point, the included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the blade and the horizontal plane is larger than the repose angle of 45 degrees of common seeds.

In order to ensure that the weight in the seed-leakage disc is always sufficient, the rotating speed of the seed-metering eccentric column is 2-4 times that of the seed-falling disc.

The included angle between the seed metering device and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees, which is the same as the angle between the eccentric connecting plate I and the eccentric connecting plate II.

The guide walking straight part comprises two guide wheels and two telescopic brackets with adjustable length, the guide wheels are composed of two parts of a frustum body and a cylinder, the cylinder is fixedly connected with one end of the frustum body with small diameter, the two guide wheels are symmetrically arranged, the two cylinders are positioned between the two frustum bodies, one guide wheel is fixed on a guide shaft in the center of the guide wheel, the other guide wheel is fixed on a guide sleeve in the center of the guide wheel, the guide shaft is arranged in the guide sleeve, the guide shaft slides in the guide sleeve, the outer sides of the two frustum bodies are connected through the two telescopic brackets, the two telescopic brackets are identical in shape and U-shaped, the two telescopic brackets are vertically arranged, two ends of the two telescopic brackets are fixedly connected with the outer sides of the frustum body respectively, and the end parts of the two telescopic brackets are fixedly connected with the central shaft of the guide wheel positioned on the outer side of the frustum body respectively.

The pressing part comprises a pressing wheel, a soil covering wheel and parallel rods, wherein the pressing wheel and the soil covering wheel are positioned between the two parallel rods, the pressing wheel is positioned in front of the soil covering wheel, two ends of a central shaft of the pressing wheel and the soil covering wheel are respectively hinged with the two parallel rods, the central shaft of the pressing wheel is mutually parallel to the central shaft of the soil covering wheel, the two parallel rods, the pressing wheel and the soil covering wheel form a parallelogram, and the pressing part is connected with the frame through a connecting shaft: two ends of the connecting shaft are fixedly connected with the two parallel rods respectively, a group of reverse bearings are arranged at two ends of the connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is connected with the frame through the reverse bearings.

The novel seed sowing machine is characterized in that walking wheels, an engine, a reduction gearbox and a furrow opener are further arranged on the machine frame, the walking wheels are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the middle of the machine frame, the two walking wheels are connected through a connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is hinged to the machine frame, an output shaft of the engine is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the reduction gearbox, an output shaft of the reduction gearbox is in transmission connection with the connecting shaft of the walking wheels, the furrow opener is located below a seed sowing part, the furrow opener is located between a soil pressing wheel and a soil covering wheel, the furrow opener is correspondingly arranged with a seed sowing pipe of the seed sowing part, the bottom of the seed sowing pipe is connected with the top of the furrow opener through a connecting pipe, the furrow opener is connected with a transverse rod through a connecting sleeve, two ends of the transverse rod are respectively fixedly connected with the machine frame, a guide wheel lifting rod is arranged at the tail of the machine frame, the guide wheel lifting rod is connected with a lifting ring of the guide walking straight part through a pull rope, the lifting ring is fixed on the telescopic frame, and the guide wheel lifting rod drives and controls the guide lifting rod to lift the guide walking straight part through the pull rope.

The invention also comprises an electric control part, wherein the electric control part is arranged on the frame, the seed discharging part is electrically connected with the electric control part, the electric control part comprises an electric control box and a touch screen, a rotary encoder, a singlechip, a brushless motor controller and a battery jar are arranged in the electric control box, the rotary encoder is electrically connected with the engine, and the singlechip is respectively electrically connected with the motor I and the motor II.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The seed quantity in the seed metering device can be continuously kept uniform and constant through the seed metering device;

(2) The seed is orderly arranged through the action of the seed guide mechanism in the seed metering device, and constant discharge of the seeds is further ensured through the seed leakage mechanism and the seed pressing mechanism;

(3) Under the combined action of the electric control part, electric control precision sowing is realized;

(4) Through setting up and lead straight trend portion and press cover portion in the frame, realized the ditching and the integration of seed metering of whole seed metering ware, realized the precision seed metering when ditching.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the seed discharging part;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed separating device;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a seed metering device;

FIG. 5 is a section A-A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the seed guiding mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed pressing mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the seed pressing mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed leaking mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the guide rail;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the press-on portion;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the middle part of the frame.

In the figure: 1, a motor I; 2, a transmission shaft of a seed separating device; 3, worm wheel; 4, a seed separating device; 401 seed separating device housing; 402 pocket wheel; 403 a support plate; 404 seed dividing pipes; 5, a seed sowing device; 501 sowing eccentric columns; 502 seed metering device housing; 503 seed metering tube; 504 a seed pressing mechanism; 5041 spring; 5042 seed pressing wheel; 5043 seed pressing mechanism housing; 5044 seed scraping sheet; 505 seed guiding mechanism; 5051 seed guiding blade; 5052 conical seed metering disc; 506 a seed leakage mechanism; 5061 seed-leaking plate; 5062 a drive gear; 5063 a driven gear; 5064 seed leakage holes; 507 seed metering base I; 508 seed metering base II; a 6 worm; 7, a motor II; 8, an electric control part; 801 electric control box; 802 a touch screen; 9 guiding the straight part; 901 guide wheels; 902 a guide shaft; 903 guide sleeve; 904 a telescopic frame; 905 landing ring; 10, a covering part; 1001 a soil compacting wheel; 1002 a soil covering wheel; 1003 parallel rods; 1004 a connecting shaft; 1005 of the bearing; a frame 11; 12 walking wheels; 13 an engine; 14, a reduction gearbox; 15, a guide wheel lifting rod; 16 furrow openers; 17 transverse bars; 18 connecting sleeves.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1, the precision planter according to the present invention includes a frame 11, a guiding straight portion 9, a seed discharging portion, a covering portion 10 and an electric control portion 8, wherein the guiding straight portion 9, the seed discharging portion, the covering portion 10 and the electric control portion 8 are all disposed on the frame 11, the guiding straight portion 9 is disposed in front of the frame 11, the guiding straight portion 9 is hinged with the frame 11, the covering portion 10 is disposed at the rear end of the frame 11, the seed discharging portion is disposed between the guiding straight portion 9 and the covering portion 10, and the seed discharging portion is electrically connected with the electric control portion 8.

As shown in fig. 2, the seed metering part comprises a motor i 1, a seed separating device 4 and a seed metering device 5, wherein an output shaft of the motor i 1 is connected with the seed separating device 4 through a seed separating device transmission shaft 2, the seed metering device 5 is positioned below the seed separating device 4, and the seed metering device 5 is connected with the seed separating device transmission shaft 2 through a gear transmission. The seed metering device 5 is arranged in an inclined way, and the included angle between the seed metering device and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees.

As shown in fig. 3, the seed separating device 4 comprises a seed separating device housing 401, a hole wheel 402, a supporting plate 403 and a seed separating tube 404, wherein the seed separating device housing 401 is fixed on the upper surface of the supporting plate 403, the hole wheel 402 is arranged in the seed separating device housing 401, and the center of the hole wheel 402 is fixedly connected with the seed separating device transmission shaft 2. The socket wheel 402 is cylindrical, a plurality of radial strip-shaped grooves are arranged along the cylindrical outer surface of the socket wheel at intervals, through holes corresponding to the strip-shaped grooves are arranged at the bottom of the seed separating device shell 401, and through holes are correspondingly arranged in the supporting plate 403 below the seed separating device shell 401. The seed separating tube 404 is located below the support plate 403, the upper end of the seed separating tube 404 is communicated with the through hole of the support plate 403, and the lower end of the seed separating tube 404 is located above the seed sowing device 5. Under the drive of motor I1, drive the nest eye wheel 402 through seed metering device transmission shaft 2 and rotate, when the recess on nest eye wheel 402 rotates to the direct above of seed metering device shell 401 bottom through-hole, the seed in the recess passes through the through-hole in seed metering device shell 401 bottom and the through-hole in the backup pad in proper order under the action of gravity, gets into in the seed tube 404 to fall to seed metering device. The seed separating device realizes that a certain amount of seeds are discharged from the seed separating device 4 within a certain time, can continuously maintain the seed amount in the seed metering device, and overcomes the problem of uneven seed metering caused by weight change of the prior conical seed metering disc seed metering device.

As shown in fig. 4, the seed metering device 5 includes a seed metering device housing 502, a seed metering eccentric column 501 located in the middle of the seed metering device, a seed guiding mechanism 505 fixedly sleeved on the seed metering eccentric column, a seed leaking mechanism 506 located below the seed guiding mechanism 505, seed pressing mechanisms 504 arranged at intervals along the upper circumferential surface of the seed leaking mechanism 504, a seed metering base located below the seed leaking mechanism 504, and a seed metering tube 503. The seed metering eccentric column 501, the seed guiding mechanism 505, the seed leaking mechanism 506 and the seed pressing mechanism 504 are all arranged in the shell 502, the seed pressing mechanism 504 is fixed on the inner surface of the shell 502, and the seed guiding mechanism 505 is positioned under the outlet of the seed metering pipe 503. Seed metering base includes seed metering base I507 and seed metering base II 508, and seed metering base II 508 is located the top of seed metering base I507, and seed metering base II 508 and the bottom fixed connection of seed metering device casing 502, seed metering base II 508 and seed metering base I507 fixed connection, the bottom surface interval of seed metering base I507 sets up several seed metering pipe 503, is equipped with the several through-hole in seed metering base II 508 and seed metering base I507 that corresponds, and the through-hole communicates with seed metering pipe 503 respectively. The seed pressing mechanism 504 and the seed discharging tube 503 are correspondingly arranged, namely, the seed pressing mechanism 504 is positioned right above the seed discharging tube 503.

As shown in fig. 5, the seed metering eccentric column 501 includes an axis i 5011, an eccentric connecting plate i 5012, an axis ii 5013, an eccentric connecting plate ii 5014, and a ball cage type universal shaft 5015, and the ball cage type universal shaft 5015 is located below the seed metering base. The upper end of the shaft I5011 is fixedly provided with a worm 6, the worm 6 is in transmission connection with a worm wheel 3 fixedly sleeved on a transmission shaft 2 of the seed separating device, and the bottom end of the shaft I5011 is fixedly connected with an eccentric connecting plate I5012. The upper end of the shaft II 5013 is connected with an eccentric connecting plate II 5014 through a bearing, the bottom end of the shaft II 5013 sequentially passes through a seed leakage mechanism 506 and a seed discharging base, the shaft II 5013 is connected with a ball cage type universal shaft 5015, the seed guiding mechanism 505 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the shaft II 5013, and the seed discharging base is fixedly connected with the shaft II 5013. The eccentric connecting plate I5012 and the eccentric connecting plate II 5014 are fixedly connected, and the angle between the eccentric connecting plate I5012 and the eccentric connecting plate II 5014 is the same as the angle between the seed metering device and the horizontal plane and is 20 degrees.

As shown in fig. 6, the seed guiding mechanism 505 includes a conical seed metering disc 5052 and a plurality of seed guiding blades 5051 fixed to the outer surface of the conical seed metering disc, the seed guiding blades 5051 are disposed at intervals along the annular surface of the conical seed metering disc 5052, and the conical seed metering disc 5052 is fixed to the middle part of the shaft ii 5013. The angle between the conical surface and the bottom surface of the conical seed metering disc 5052 is 25 degrees, and after the conical seed metering disc is fixed with the shaft II 5013, the angle between the conical surface of the conical seed metering disc 5052 and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, which is larger than the repose angle of the common small seed. The angle between the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the conical surface of the conical seed metering disc is more than 135 degrees, namely the angle between the blade on the inclined side and the horizontal plane is also more than 0 degree after the conical surface of the conical surface is inclined, so that seeds are prevented from sliding out of the seed guiding blade. The included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the bottom surface of the conical seed metering disc is larger than 25 degrees, namely, when the lower end of the blade rotates to the lowest point, the included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the blade and the horizontal plane is larger than the repose angle of 45 degrees of common seeds. The motor I1 acts, the output shaft of the motor I1 rotates with the worm wheel 3 fixed on the output shaft, the shaft I5011 fixedly connected with the worm 6 is driven through the meshing between the worm wheel 3 and the worm 6, the shaft I5011 rotates in the process, the shaft II 5013 is driven to rotate around the shaft I5011 under the supporting action of the ball cage type universal shaft 5015 through the eccentric connecting plate I5012 and the eccentric connecting plate II 5014, the conical seed metering disc 5052 fixed on the shaft II 5013 swings up and down in the rotation process of the shaft II 5013 and simultaneously rotates, seeds falling on the seed guiding blades 5051 slide down in the movement process, and ordered sorting is achieved in the sliding process.

The seed leaking mechanism 506 is located between the seed guiding mechanism 505 and the seed discharging base, and as shown in fig. 9, the middle part of the seed leaking mechanism 506 is hinged with the shaft ii 5013. The seed leaking mechanism comprises a seed leaking disc 5061, a driving gear 5062 and a driven gear 5063, wherein the seed leaking disc 5061 comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring and the outer ring are fixedly connected through a plurality of connecting rods which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of seed leaking holes 5064 are arranged on the outer ring at intervals along the circumferential direction. The driven gear 5063 is fixed on the inner surface of the outer ring, the driving gear 5062 is positioned on the inner side of the outer ring, the driving gear 5062 is meshed with the driven gear 5063, and the driving gear 5062 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor II 7. The motor II 7 acts to drive the driving gear 5062 to rotate, and the driven gear 5063 is driven to rotate with the seed leaking plate 5061 fixedly connected with the driven gear through the engagement between the driving gear 5062 and the driven gear 5063. In order to ensure that the weight in the seed-leakage tray is always sufficient, the rotation speed of the seed-metering eccentric column 501 should be 2-4 times greater than the rotation speed of the seed-dropping tray.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the seed pressing mechanism 504 includes a seed pressing mechanism housing 5043, a spring 5041, a seed pressing wheel 5042, and a seed scraping plate 5044, and the seed pressing mechanism housing 5043 is circular arc-shaped and is fixed to the inner surface of the seed metering device housing. An arc groove is arranged in the seed pressing mechanism housing 5043, and a spring 5041 and a seed pressing wheel 5042 are arranged in the arc groove: the spring 5041 is located above the seed pressing wheel 5042, the top end of the spring 5041 is connected with the top of the arc-shaped groove, the bottom end of the spring 5041 is connected with the seed pressing wheel 5043, and the lower part of the seed pressing wheel 5043 is located outside the arc-shaped groove, namely, the bottom of the seed pressing wheel 5043 exceeds the bottom of the arc-shaped groove. Seed scraping sheets 5044 are respectively fixed at the bottoms of the two end surfaces of the seed pressing mechanism housing 5043. The seed pressing mechanism housing 5043 is located above the seed leaking plate 5061, after seeds are uniformly scattered on the upper surface of the seed falling plate 5061 by the seed guiding mechanism, the amount of seeds entering the seed pressing wheel 5043 can be limited by arranging the seed scraping plate 5044 in the rotation process of the seed leaking plate 5061, namely, seeds located below the seed scraping plate 5044 can enter the lower part of the seed pressing mechanism, and seeds located above the seed scraping plate 5044 are blocked on the outer side of the seed pressing mechanism. After the seeds enter the lower part of the seed pressing mechanism, the seed pressing wheel 5042 applies downward pressure to the seeds, so that the seeds are pressed into the seed leakage holes 5064 on the seed leakage plate, and as the through holes communicated with the seed discharge pipes 503 are arranged in the seed discharge base right below the seed pressing wheel 5042, the seeds fall into the seed discharge pipes 503 along the through holes of the seed discharge base and are discharged after being pressed into the seed leakage holes 5064. Since the seed pressing wheel 5042 is connected with the spring, the seeds are not crushed. By providing the seed scraping sheet 5044, the amount of seeds entering under the seed pressing wheel is made constant, thereby realizing uniform seed metering.

As shown in fig. 10, the guiding straight part 9 includes two guiding wheels 901, the guiding wheels 901 are composed of two parts of a frustum body and a cylinder, wherein the cylinder is fixedly connected with one end of the frustum body with a small diameter, the two guiding wheels 901 are symmetrically arranged, and the two cylinders are positioned between the two frustum bodies. One of the guide wheels is fixed on a guide shaft 902 at the center thereof, the other guide wheel is fixed on a guide sleeve 903 at the center thereof, the guide shaft 902 is disposed in the guide sleeve 903, and the guide shaft 902 is slidable in the guide sleeve 903. The outside of two frustum bodies is connected through two expansion brackets 904, and the shape of two expansion brackets 904 is the same, is the U-shaped, is perpendicular setting between two expansion brackets 904, and the both ends of two expansion brackets 904 are respectively in the outside fixed connection of frustum body, and the tip of two expansion brackets is respectively with the center pin fixed connection of the leading wheel that is located the frustum body outside simultaneously. The length of the telescoping rack 904 is adjustable so that the spacing between the two guide wheels is changed to accommodate different widths of sowing ridges or mats.

As shown in fig. 11, the compacting part 10 includes a compacting wheel 1001, a covering wheel 1002 and parallel bars 1003, the compacting wheel 1001 and the covering wheel 1002 are located between the two parallel bars 1003, the compacting wheel 1001 is located in front of the covering wheel 1002, both ends of the central axis of the compacting wheel 1001 are hinged with the two parallel bars 1003 respectively, both ends of the central axis of the covering wheel 1002 are hinged with the parallel bars 1003 respectively, and the central axis of the compacting wheel 1001 and the central axis of the covering wheel 1002 are parallel to each other, so that the two parallel bars 1003 form a parallelogram with the compacting wheel 1001 and the covering wheel 1002, and balance and stability of the whole compacting part are ensured. The press cover 10 is connected to the frame 11 via a connecting shaft 1004: two ends of the connecting shaft 1004 are fixedly connected with two parallel rods 1003 respectively, a group of reverse bearings 1005 are arranged at two ends of the connecting shaft 1004, and the connecting shaft 1004 is connected with the frame 11 through the reverse bearings 1005. Through the reverse bearing, the axial rotation between the press cover part 10 and the frame 11 is realized, the stability of the press cover part 10 is ensured, and the damping effect is achieved.

As shown in fig. 12, walking wheels 12 are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle part of the frame 11, the walking wheels 12 are symmetrically arranged, the two walking wheels 12 are connected through a connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is hinged with the frame 11. An output shaft of the engine 13 is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the reduction gearbox 14, an output shaft of the reduction gearbox 14 is in transmission connection with a connecting shaft of the travelling wheels 12, and the travelling wheels 12 fixed on the connecting shaft are driven to rotate and walk through the engine 13. Under the seed discharging portion, a furrow opener 16 is provided, and the furrow opener 16 is located between the soil pressing wheel 1001 and the soil covering wheel 1002. The furrow opener 16 is arranged corresponding to a seed sowing pipe of the seed sowing part, the bottom of the seed sowing pipe is connected with the top of the furrow opener 16 through a connecting pipe, and seeds discharged through the seed sowing pipe directly fall into a furrow through the furrow opener 16 when the furrow opener 16 performs furrow opening. The furrow opener 16 is connected with a transverse rod 17 through a connecting sleeve 18, and two ends of the transverse rod 17 are respectively fixedly connected with the frame 11. The connecting sleeve 18 is fixedly connected with the transverse rod 17 through bolts, and a bolt hole or a sliding groove is correspondingly formed in the transverse rod 17, so that the position of the connecting sleeve 18 on the transverse rod 17 is adjustable, and the left and right positions of the connecting sleeve 18 and the furrow opener 16 fixedly connected with the connecting sleeve are adjustable; meanwhile, the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected with the furrow opener 16 through bolts, and bolt holes or sliding grooves are correspondingly formed in the furrow opener 16, so that the upper position and the lower position of the furrow opener 16 are adjustable. The afterbody of frame 11 is equipped with leading wheel lifter 15, and leading wheel lifter 15 passes through the stay cord and is connected with the landing ring 905 on the direction straight portion of walking, and landing ring 905 is fixed on expansion bracket 904, and when leading wheel lifter 15 rotated, the straight portion of walking is walked in the control through the stay cord drive.

As shown in fig. 1, the invention further comprises an electric control part 8, wherein the electric control part 8 comprises an electric control box 801 and a touch screen 802, the electric control box 801 is respectively and electrically connected with a motor i 1, a motor ii 7 and an engine 13, and a rotary encoder, a singlechip, a brushless motor controller and a battery are arranged in the electric control box 801. The rotation speed of the engine 13 is measured through a rotary encoder and transmitted to a single chip microcomputer, then the single chip microcomputer calculates the rotation speeds of the motor I1 and the motor II 7 in the seeder at the moment through the relation between the rotation speed of the engine and the advancing speed and the speed relation between the advancing speed and the seeding speed, the single chip microcomputer controls the rotation speeds of the motor I1 and the motor II 7 at any time, the speeds are displayed on the touch screen 802, and various programs in the single chip microcomputer can be selected and used in the touch screen 802 so as to seed various seeds, and the electric control part is powered by a storage battery. The electric-drive type precision seeding is realized through the electric control part.

The working process of the invention is as follows: the engine 13 is started, the travelling wheels 12 travel forwards to drive the whole seeder to advance, and the whole seeder is linearly advanced through the guiding straight part 9 at the front part. Through the rotational speed of automatically controlled portion regulation motor I1 and motor II 7, motor I1 and motor II 7 start the back, and motor I1 drives seed metering device's socket wheel 402 through seed metering device transmission shaft 2 and rotates, makes the seed of a certain amount in the socket wheel 402 discharge seed metering device in a certain time to fall to the top of toper seed metering dish 5052 through seed metering pipe 404. Under the driving action of the seed metering eccentric column 501, the conical seed metering disc 5052 simultaneously swings up and down and rotates, and seeds on the seed guiding blades 5051 slide downwards and are orderly arranged on the seed leaking disc 5061 in the moving process. The motor II 7 acts to drive the driving gear 5062 to rotate, and drives the seed leaking plate 5061 to rotate through the engagement between the driving gear 5062 and the driven gear 5063, so that seeds on the seed leaking plate 5061 also rotate together. When the seeds on the seed leaking plate move to the seed pressing mechanism 504, firstly, a constant amount of seeds enter the lower part of the seed pressing mechanism 504 through the seed scraping plate 5044, then under the action of the pressing action of the seed pressing wheel 5042, the seeds are pressed into the seed leaking holes 5064 on the seed leaking plate 5061 and are discharged along the through holes in the seed discharging base plate and the seed discharging pipes 503 communicated with the through holes, so that the seeds are uniformly discharged. Meanwhile, in the advancing process, the soil which has been turned up is flattened by the soil pressing wheel 1001, the furrow opener 16 at the rear thereof furrows, and simultaneously seeds are made to fall into the furrows directly through the communication between the seed discharging part and the furrow opener 16, and soil is covered by the soil covering wheel 1002, thereby completing the whole sowing action.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a precision planter, includes frame (11), its characterized in that: the seed metering device comprises a frame (11), and is characterized by further comprising a guide straight part (9), a seed metering part and a pressing cover part (10), wherein the guide straight part (9), the seed metering part and the pressing cover part (10) are arranged on the frame (11), the guide straight part (9) is arranged in front of the frame (11), the guide straight part (9) is hinged with the frame (11), the pressing cover part (10) is arranged at the rear end of the frame (11), the seed metering part is arranged between the guide straight part (9) and the pressing cover part (10), the seed metering part comprises a motor, a seed metering device (4) and a seed metering device (5), the motor comprises a motor I (1) and a motor II (7), an output shaft of the motor I (1) is connected with the seed metering device (4) through a seed metering device transmission shaft (2), the seed metering device (5) is arranged below the seed metering device (4), and the seed metering device (5) is connected with the seed metering device transmission shaft (2) through a gear transmission;

the seed metering device (5) comprises a seed metering device shell (502), a seed metering eccentric column (501) positioned in the middle of the seed metering device, a seed guide mechanism (505) fixedly sleeved on the seed metering eccentric column, a seed leakage mechanism (506) positioned below the seed guide mechanism (505), a seed pressing mechanism (504) arranged at intervals along the upper circumferential surface of the seed leakage mechanism (506), a seed metering base and a seed metering tube (503) positioned below the seed leakage mechanism (506), wherein the seed metering eccentric column (501), the seed guide mechanism (505), the seed leakage mechanism (506) and the seed pressing mechanism (504) are all arranged in the seed metering device shell (502), the seed pressing mechanism (504) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the seed metering device shell (502), a plurality of seed metering tubes (503) are arranged at intervals on the bottom surface of the seed metering base, a plurality of through holes are correspondingly arranged in the seed metering base and are respectively communicated with the seed metering tubes (503), and the seed pressing mechanism (504) is positioned right above the seed metering tubes (503);

the seed metering eccentric column (501) comprises a shaft I (5011), an eccentric connecting plate I (5012), a shaft II (5013), an eccentric connecting plate II (5014) and a ball cage type universal shaft (5015), wherein the ball cage type universal shaft (5015) is positioned below a seed metering base, the upper end of the shaft I (5011) is fixedly provided with a worm (6), the worm (6) is in transmission connection with a worm wheel (3) fixedly sleeved on a transmission shaft (2) of a seed metering device, the bottom end of the shaft I (5011) is fixedly connected with the eccentric connecting plate I (5012), the upper end of the shaft II (5013) is connected with the eccentric connecting plate II (5014) through a bearing, the bottom end of the shaft II (5013) sequentially passes through a seed leakage mechanism (506) and the seed metering base to be connected with the ball cage type universal shaft (5015), the seed guiding mechanism (505) is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the shaft II (5013), the seed metering base is fixedly connected with the shaft II (5013), the eccentric connecting plate I (2) and the eccentric connecting plate II (5014) are fixedly connected, and the angle between the eccentric connecting plate I (5012) and the eccentric connecting plate II (5014) is 15-25 degrees;

the seed guiding mechanism (505) comprises a conical seed metering disc (5052) and a plurality of seed guiding blades (5051) fixed on the outer surface of the conical seed metering disc, the seed guiding blades (5051) are arranged at intervals along the annular surface of the conical seed metering disc (5052), and the conical seed metering disc (5052) is fixed in the middle of a shaft II (5013);

the middle part of the seed leaking mechanism (506) is hinged with a shaft II (5013), the seed leaking mechanism comprises a seed leaking disc (5061), a driving gear (5062) and a driven gear (5063), the seed leaking disc (5061) comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring and the outer ring are fixedly connected through a plurality of connecting rods which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, a plurality of seed leaking holes (5064) are arranged on the outer ring at intervals along the circumferential direction, the driven gear (5063) is fixed on the inner surface of the outer ring, the driving gear (5062) is positioned on the inner side of the outer ring, the driving gear (5062) is meshed with the driven gear (5063), and the driving gear (5062) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a motor II (7);

the seed pressing mechanism (504) comprises a seed pressing mechanism shell (5043), a spring (5041), a seed pressing wheel (5042) and a seed scraping sheet (5044), wherein the seed pressing mechanism shell (5043) is arc-shaped, the seed pressing mechanism shell is fixed on the inner surface of a shell of the seed sowing device, an arc-shaped groove is formed in the seed pressing mechanism shell (5043), the spring (5041) and the seed pressing wheel (5042) are arranged in the arc-shaped groove, the spring (5041) is located above the seed pressing wheel (5042), the top end of the spring (5041) is connected with the top of the arc-shaped groove, the bottom end of the spring (5041) is connected with the seed pressing wheel (5042), the lower portion of the seed pressing wheel (5042) is outside the arc-shaped groove, the seed scraping sheets (5044) are respectively fixed at the bottoms of two end faces of the seed pressing mechanism shell (5043), and the seed pressing mechanism shell (5043) is located above the seed leaking disc (5061).

2. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seed separation device (4) comprises a seed separation device shell (401), a hole wheel (402), a supporting plate (403) and a seed separation tube (404), wherein the seed separation device shell (401) is fixed on the upper surface of the supporting plate (403), the hole wheel (402) is arranged in the seed separation device shell (401), the center of the hole wheel (402) is fixedly connected with a seed separation device transmission shaft (2), the hole wheel (402) is cylindrical, a plurality of radial strip-shaped grooves are arranged at intervals along the cylindrical outer surface of the hole wheel (402), through holes corresponding to the strip-shaped grooves are formed in the bottom of the seed separation device shell (401), through holes are formed in the supporting plate (403) below the seed separation device shell (401), the seed separation tube (404) is located below the supporting plate (403), the upper end of the seed separation tube (404) is communicated with the through holes of the supporting plate (403), and the seed guiding mechanism (505) is located right below the outlet of the seed separation tube (404).

3. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: seed metering base includes seed metering base I (507) and seed metering base II (508), seed metering base II (508) are located the top of seed metering base I (507), seed metering base II (508) and the bottom fixed connection of seed metering device casing (502), seed metering base II (508) and seed metering base I (507) fixed connection, the bottom surface interval of seed metering base I (507) sets up several seed metering pipe (503), be equipped with the several through-hole in seed metering base II (508) and seed metering base I (507) that correspond, the through-hole communicates with seed metering pipe (503) respectively.

4. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle between the conical surface and the bottom surface of the conical seed metering disc (5052) is 25 degrees, after the conical seed metering disc is fixed with the shaft II (5013), the angle between the conical surface and the horizontal surface of the conical seed metering disc (5052) is 45 degrees, the angle between the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the conical surface of the conical seed metering disc is more than 135 degrees, the included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the bottom surface of the conical seed metering disc is more than 25 degrees, and when the lower end of the seed guiding blade rotates to the lowest point, the included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the seed guiding blade and the horizontal surface is more than 45 degrees.

5. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the seed discharging eccentric column (501) is 2-4 times that of the seed leaking plate.

6. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle between the seed metering device (5) and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees, which is the same as the angle between the eccentric connecting plate I (5012) and the eccentric connecting plate II (5014).

7. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide walking straight part (9) comprises two guide wheels (901) and two telescopic brackets with adjustable length, the guide wheels (901) are composed of two parts of a frustum body and a cylinder, the cylinder and one end of the frustum body with small diameter are fixedly connected, the two guide wheels (901) are symmetrically arranged, the two cylinders are positioned between the two frustum bodies, one guide wheel is fixed on a guide shaft (902) in the center of the guide wheels, the other guide wheel is fixed on a guide sleeve (903) in the center of the guide wheel, the guide shaft (902) is arranged in the guide sleeve (903), the guide shaft (902) slides in the guide sleeve (903), the outer sides of the two frustum bodies are connected through the two telescopic brackets (904), the two telescopic brackets (904) are identical in shape and are U-shaped, two ends of the two telescopic brackets (904) are respectively fixedly connected with the outer sides of the frustum bodies, and the end parts of the two telescopic brackets are respectively fixedly connected with the central shaft of the guide wheels positioned on the outer sides of the frustum bodies.

8. A precision planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the utility model provides a press cover portion (10) includes soil compacting wheel (1001), earthing wheel (1002) and parallel pole (1003), soil compacting wheel (1001) and earthing wheel (1002) are located between two parallel pole (1003), soil compacting wheel (1001) are located the place ahead of earthing wheel (1002), both ends of the center pin of soil compacting wheel (1001), earthing wheel (1002) are articulated with two parallel pole (1003) respectively, and the center pin of soil compacting wheel (1001) is parallel to each other with the center pin of earthing wheel (1002), parallelogram is constituteed with soil compacting wheel (1001) and earthing wheel (1002) to two parallel poles (1003), press cover portion (10) are connected with frame (11) through connecting axle (1004): two ends of the connecting shaft (1004) are fixedly connected with the two parallel rods (1003) respectively, a group of reverse bearings (1005) are arranged at two ends of the connecting shaft (1004), and the connecting shaft (1004) is connected with the frame (11) through the reverse bearings (1005).

9. The precision planter according to claim 7 wherein: still be equipped with walking wheel (12), engine (13), reducing gear box (14) and furrow opener (16) on frame (11), the middle part bilateral symmetry of frame (11) sets up walking wheel (12), be connected through the connecting axle between two walking wheels (12), the connecting axle is articulated with frame (11), the output shaft of engine (13) is connected with the input shaft transmission of reducing gear box (14), the output shaft of reducing gear box (14) is connected with the connecting axle transmission of walking wheel (12), furrow opener (16) are located the below of seed metering portion, furrow opener (16) are located between soil pressing wheel (1001) and earthing wheel (1002), the furrow opener (16) correspond the setting with the seed metering pipe of seed metering portion, be connected through the connecting pipe between the bottom of seed metering pipe and the top of furrow opener (16), furrow opener (16) are connected with transverse rod (17) through adapter sleeve (18), the both ends of transverse rod (17) are respectively with frame (11) fixed connection, the afterbody of frame (11) is equipped with leading wheel lift bar (15), leading wheel lift bar (15) is through being connected with leading ring (905), leading ring (904) lift, leading ring (904) is driven in the lift and lift ring (904) is fixed.

10. A precision planter according to claim 9, characterized in that: still include electric control portion (8), seed metering portion and electric control portion (8) electricity are connected, electric control portion (8) are including electric cabinet (801) and touch-sensitive screen (802), are equipped with rotary encoder, singlechip, brushless motor controller and storage battery in electric cabinet (801), and rotary encoder is connected with engine (13) electricity, and the singlechip is connected with motor I (1), motor II (7) electricity respectively.