CN108731560B - Blasting structure of high-efficient blasting unit - Google Patents

Blasting structure of high-efficient blasting unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108731560B
CN108731560B CN201810428852.9A CN201810428852A CN108731560B CN 108731560 B CN108731560 B CN 108731560B CN 201810428852 A CN201810428852 A CN 201810428852A CN 108731560 B CN108731560 B CN 108731560B
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China
Prior art keywords
blasting
explosive
primary
threaded base
main body
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201810428852.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108731560A (en
Inventor
张义平
�田�浩
周俊
王建楠
严鸿海
杨静
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Guizhou University
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Guizhou University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045Arrangements for electric ignition
    • F42D1/05Electric circuits for blasting
    • F42D1/055Electric circuits for blasting specially adapted for firing multiple charges with a time delay
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting structure of a high-efficiency blasting device, which comprises a geological part to be blasted, wherein a main blast hole is arranged on the geological part to be blasted, auxiliary blast holes are sequentially arranged around the main blast hole, explosives are placed in the main blast hole, the blasting device is arranged in the auxiliary blast holes, and the main blast hole and the auxiliary blast holes are sequentially connected in series through a detonating cord.

Description

Blasting structure of high-efficient blasting unit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting structure of a high-efficiency blasting device, which is applied as follows: 2017.01.13, application number: 201710026415X, the name of the invention is: a blasting method and a divisional application of a structure of a high-efficiency blasting device are disclosed.
Background
At present, in the tunnel construction process of China, mechanical tunneling is not used on a large scale and does not reach developed level, blasting technology, particularly a drilling and blasting method, is a main mode of tunnel construction of China, but the utilization rate of blast holes in tunneling of tunnels is low, the blasting effect is not obvious, the low and slow tunneling depth efficiency is a main difficulty, and the construction difficulty is very large.
In the coal mining process of China, particularly in mines with complex geological conditions, a tunnel and a coal bed are excavated often in case of extremely thick rock masses and coal beds, and the tunneling depth and the tunneling progress of the tunnel are slow and the blasting effect is poor due to single blasting such as low explosive energy utilization rate and low blasthole utilization rate of the existing blasting device, so that the effect of explosives at the bottom of blastholes on rock masses at the axial depth is not obvious, and the depth in the tunneling process cannot be further improved. In addition, in the comprehensive exploitation of the hard and ultra-thick gas top coal seam, how to redistribute the stress in the coal seam to form cracks in the coal seam, so that the gas extraction utilization rate is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a high-efficient blasting unit's blasting structure to solve current blasting unit's big gun hole low-usage, blasting effect is poor.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the utility model provides a high-efficient blasting unit's blasting structure, includes the geological section of required blasting, sets up main big gun hole on the geological section of required blasting, sets gradually supplementary big gun hole around main big gun hole, places the explosive in main big gun hole, sets up blasting unit in supplementary big gun hole to in proper order with main big gun hole and supplementary big gun hole series connection through the detonating cord.
In the blasting structure of the efficient blasting device, the blasting device comprises the blasting cartridge, the primary blasting main body and the secondary blasting main body are sequentially installed in the blasting cartridge, and the tail of the primary blasting main body is correspondingly matched with the front end of the secondary blasting main body.
In the blasting structure of the efficient blasting device, the blasting cartridge is made of a plastic material, two sides of the blasting cartridge are of a double-layer hollow structure, the hollow interlayer is vacuum in an initial state, the top end of the blasting cartridge is provided with the sealing plate, the bottom end of the blasting cartridge is not sealed, the inner side of the blasting cartridge is provided with the internal thread, one side of the bottom end of the hollow interlayer is provided with the water inlet valve, one side of the top end of the hollow interlayer is provided with the breathable cover, one end of the one-way pressure air outlet valve is communicated with the breathable cover.
In the blasting structure of the high-efficiency blasting device, the primary blasting main body comprises a primary threaded base, a primary detonating cord, a primary detonating detonator, a primary explosive cover, a steel pipe, a rigid isolation block, a first explosive chamber and a first energy-gathered explosive column, the secondary blasting main body comprises a secondary threaded base, a spring, a firing pin, a secondary detonating detonator, a secondary detonating cord, a time-delay explosive, a secondary blasting main body shell and a secondary energy-gathered explosive column, the first explosive chamber is positioned in the middle of the blasting cartridge, the first energy-gathered explosive column is filled in the first explosive chamber, the primary threaded base is arranged at the bottom end of the first explosive chamber and is matched and screwed with the blasting cartridge, the primary detonating detonator is arranged in the first energy-gathered explosive column, one end of the primary detonating cord is connected with the primary detonating detonator, the other end of the primary detonating cord penetrates through the primary threaded base and extends out of the blasting cartridge, the primary explosive cover is arranged at the top of, the steel pipe edge with the outer diameter size consistent with that of the first explosive chamber is propped against the edge of the first explosive cover, a rigid isolation block is arranged in the steel pipe and forms a first space with the first explosive cover, a bullet-shaped second-level blasting main body shell is arranged in the blasting barrel, a second-level energy-gathering explosive column is filled in the second-level blasting main body shell, a second-level threaded base is arranged at the bottom end of the second-level blasting main body shell, the bottom surface of the second-level threaded base and the edge of the steel pipe are propped against each other, a second space is formed by the second-level threaded base, the steel pipe and the rigid isolation block, a time-delay explosive is arranged in the second-level energy-gathering explosive column, a second-level detonator is arranged in the middle of the second-level threaded base and is ignited, one end of a second-level detonating line is connected with the time-delay explosive, the other end of the second-level detonator is connected with the, the striking plate on the bottom of the striking pin is lower than the bottom surface of the secondary threaded base and is positioned in the second space.
In the blasting structure of the efficient blasting device, the clamping table is arranged on the inner side of the middle of the steel pipe, the upper end of the rigid isolation block is clamped with the clamping table to prevent the rigid isolation block from moving when the steel pipe does not work, and safety is improved.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the blasting method mainly utilizes the differential blasting technology, the bottom blasting technology and the water interval blasting technology for design, reduces blasting vibration, reduces the large block quantity, reduces the single consumption of the explosive and the concentration of dust, increases the utilization rate of blast holes, increases the blasting effect and the blasting safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the blasting apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the blasting apparatus of the present invention when it is installed in an auxiliary borehole.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: a blasting method of a high-efficiency blasting device comprises the steps of forming a main blasting hole and an auxiliary blasting hole through drilling, enabling the auxiliary blasting hole to be arranged around the main blasting hole, placing sufficient explosive in the main blasting hole, placing the blasting device in the auxiliary blasting hole, enabling the main blasting hole to explode firstly to act on surrounding rock masses by utilizing a differential blasting technology, enabling blasting effects to be generated on deep rock masses, namely generating rock mass loosening, cracks and stress field changes, then sequentially detonating the auxiliary blasting hole around the main blasting hole, and enabling a secondary blasting main body of the blasting device in the auxiliary blasting hole to axially advance into the deep rock masses to complete blasting operation.
The depth of the main blast hole is larger than that of the auxiliary blast holes, the depth of the main blast hole can be larger than the length of 2/3 secondary blasting main body bodies generally, the using amount of blasting main body explosives and the depth of the blast holes can be determined by calculation according to specific engineering conditions, the primary blasting is carried out through the primary blasting main body arranged in the blasting device through the initiation method of placing the blasting device in the auxiliary blast holes, so that cracks, rock looseness and the like appear in rock mass, the primary blasting main body generates huge energy-gathered shock wave action and pushes the secondary blasting main body which is close to the tail of the primary blasting main body and arranged in the blasting device to drill into deep rock mass in a progressive mode, and the secondary blasting of differential delay is generated under the effect of delay explosives (18).
The blasting structure of the high-efficiency blasting device formed according to the method comprises a geological part 25 to be blasted, a main blast hole 26 is arranged on the geological part 25 to be blasted, auxiliary blast holes 23 are sequentially arranged around the main blast hole 26, explosives 27 are placed in the main blast hole 26, a blasting device 28 is arranged in the auxiliary blast holes 23, and the main blast hole 26 and the auxiliary blast holes 23 are sequentially connected in series through a detonating cord 29, as shown in the attached drawing.
The blasting device 29 comprises a blasting cartridge 21, a primary blasting main body and a secondary blasting main body are sequentially installed in the blasting cartridge 21, and the tail of the primary blasting main body is correspondingly matched with the front end of the secondary blasting main body.
The blasting cartridge 21 is made of plastic material, two sides of the blasting cartridge are of double-layer hollow structure, the hollow interlayer is vacuum in the initial state, the top end is a sealing plate, the bottom end is not sealed, an internal thread is arranged on the inner side of the blasting cartridge 21, a water inlet valve 7 is arranged on one side of the bottom end of the hollow interlayer, a ventilation cover 9 is arranged on one side of the top end of the hollow interlayer, one end of a one-way pressure air outlet valve 8 is communicated with the ventilation cover 9, and the other end of the one-way pressure air outlet valve extends out of the outside through an air duct 11 and is communicated with the outside air, the primary blasting main body comprises a primary threaded base 1, a primary detonating cord 2, a primary detonating primer 3, a primary explosive cover 4, a steel pipe 5, a rigid isolation block 6, a first explosive chamber 10 and a first energy-gathering explosive column 12, the secondary blasting main body comprises a secondary threaded base 13, a spring, the first explosive chamber is positioned in the middle of an explosive cylinder 21, a first energy-collecting explosive column 12 is filled in the first explosive chamber 10, a first-stage threaded base 1 is arranged at the bottom end of the first explosive chamber 10, the first-stage threaded base 1 and the explosive cylinder 21 are matched and screwed, a first-stage detonating detonator 3 is arranged in the first energy-collecting explosive column (12), one end of a first-stage detonating cord 2 is connected with the first-stage detonating detonator 3, the other end of the first-stage detonating cord passes through the first-stage threaded base 1 and extends out of the explosive cylinder 21, a funnel-shaped first-stage explosive cover 4 is arranged at the top of the first explosive chamber 10, a steel pipe 5 with the outer diameter consistent with that of the first explosive chamber 10 is propped on the edge of the first-stage explosive cover 4, a rigid isolation block 6 is arranged in the steel pipe 5, the rigid isolation block 6 and the first-stage explosive cover 4 form a space I, a bullet-shaped second-stage explosive main shell 19 is arranged in the explosive cylinder, a second-stage threaded base 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the second-stage blasting main body shell 19, the bottom surface of the second-stage threaded base 13 and the edge of the steel pipe 5 are tightly propped against each other, the second-stage threaded base 13, the steel pipe 5 and the rigid isolation block 6 form a second space, a time delay explosive 18 is arranged in the secondary energy-gathering explosive column 20, a secondary ignition detonator 16 is arranged in the middle of the secondary threaded base 13, one end of a secondary detonating cord 17 is connected with the time delay explosive 18, the other end is connected with the secondary ignition detonator 16, a shallow groove is arranged on a secondary threaded base 13 below a secondary ignition detonator 16, a spring 14 spans in the shallow groove and is fixed, a firing pin 15 is arranged on the spring and is vertically aligned with the secondary ignition detonator 16, the striking plate on the bottom of the striking pin 15 is lower than the bottom surface of the secondary threaded base 13 and is positioned in the space II, a clamping table 30 is arranged on the inner side of the middle part of the steel pipe 5, and the upper end of the rigid isolation block 6 is clamped with the clamping table 30 to prevent the rigid isolation block 6 from moving when the steel pipe is not in work.
In specific use
Sufficient explosive is firstly put in the main blast hole, the auxiliary blast holes are put in the device and are connected by an explosion-conducting lead, the main blast hole is firstly exploded by utilizing differential explosion, the main blast hole acts on the surrounding rock mass to cause the deep rock mass to generate looseness, cracks, stress field change and the like, then the surrounding auxiliary blast holes are sequentially exploded, the time sequence is one < two < three < four, and the explosion effect of the auxiliary blast holes is basically consistent with the effect of the main blast hole. Has the characteristics of small dosage, good blasting effect and low cost.
The blasting device is placed in a blasthole, water is pressed in through a one-way water inlet valve 7, so that a blasting cartridge expands until the blasthole is closed, the contact with the outside air in a drill hole is cut off, water interval blasting is formed, a primary detonating cord is ignited, the primary detonating detonator at the bottom in a first blasting chamber explodes, an energy-collecting explosive column explodes from the bottom, and the bottom blasting effect is generated; the principle that one-level blasting main part quotes hole bottom blasting can improve blasting effect and tunnelling speed, and blasting security increases, and the side receives water coupling explosion effect around the rock mass, and hard power evenly distributed, the rock massif is little and more even more regular, and blasting effect is good, and the stress field to around the rock mass distributes simultaneously, and rock mass structure produces huge effect, and not hard up and crack etc. are its performance. After the primary blasting main body is blasted, the rock body has a certain effect, and the phenomena of cracking, loosening and the like occur, the huge pressure of the energy-gathered blasting shock wave is transmitted in a medium (air) in a space between the primary explosive cover and the rigid isolation block, and the blasting shock wave acts on the rigid isolation block to convert the energy of the shock wave into the huge kinetic energy of the isolation block. The isolation block can break through the small protrusion at the fixed initial position in the steel pipe and impact the secondary blasting main body, so that the secondary blasting main body can drill cracks or loosen rock bodies progressively. The second grade blasting main part has fine and close threaded connection with the base, and the base material plays the buffering for the plastics material, prevents that the second grade blasting main part from receiving the effect that the striking warp explodes immediately, produces the discrepancy because of the effect of time delay explosive down, carries out the secondary explosion in the rock mass of deep portion, produces the discrepancy blasting effect, and the effect flyrock that can reduce the vibration reduces, and explosive energy utilization is rateed highly, and the big gun hole high-usage just has the damping effect.
The foregoing embodiments are described in order that those skilled in the art can readily understand and utilize the invention and it is readily apparent that various modifications can be made to the embodiments, and thus, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations in the methods of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A blasting structure of a high-efficiency blasting apparatus, comprising a geological portion (25) to be blasted, characterized in that: arranging a main blast hole (26) on a geological part (25) to be blasted, sequentially arranging auxiliary blast holes (23) around the main blast hole (26), placing explosives (27) in the main blast hole (26), arranging a blasting device (28) in the auxiliary blast holes (23), and sequentially connecting the main blast hole (26) and the auxiliary blast holes (23) in series through a detonating cord (29); the blasting device (28) comprises a blasting cartridge (21), a primary blasting main body and a secondary blasting main body are sequentially arranged in the blasting cartridge (21), and the tail of the primary blasting main body is correspondingly matched with the front end of the secondary blasting main body; the explosion tube (21) is made of plastic materials, two sides of the explosion tube are of double-layer hollow structures, a hollow interlayer is vacuum in an initial state, a sealing plate is arranged at the top end of the explosion tube, the bottom end of the explosion tube is not sealed, an internal thread is arranged on the inner side of the explosion tube (21), a water inlet valve (7) is arranged on one side of the bottom end of the hollow interlayer, a breathable cover (9) is arranged on one side of the top end of the hollow interlayer, one end of a one-way pressure air outlet valve (8) is communicated with the breathable cover (9), and the other end.
2. The blasting structure of a high efficiency blasting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the primary blasting main body comprises a primary threaded base (1), a primary detonating cord (2), a primary detonating detonator (3), a primary explosive cover (4), a steel pipe (5), a rigid isolation block (6), a first explosive chamber (10) and a first energy-collecting explosive column (12), the secondary blasting main body comprises a secondary threaded base (13), a spring (14), a firing pin (15), a secondary igniting detonator (16), a secondary detonating cord (17), a time-delay explosive (18), a secondary blasting main body shell (19) and a secondary energy-collecting explosive column (20), the first explosive chamber is positioned in the middle of a blasting cartridge (21), the first energy-collecting explosive column (12) is filled in the first explosive chamber (10), the primary threaded base (1) is arranged at the bottom end of the first explosive chamber (10), the primary threaded base (1) is matched and screwed with the blasting cartridge (21), and the primary detonating detonator (3) is arranged in the first energy-collecting explosive column (12), one-level detonating cord (2) one end is connected one-level detonating cap (3), the other end passes one-level threaded base (1) and stretches out explosion tube (21), set up infundibulate one-level powder cover (4) at first explosive chamber (10) top, steel pipe (5) edgewise that external diameter size is unanimous with first explosive chamber (10) top is at the edge of one-level powder cover (4), set up rigidity insulating block (6) and this rigidity insulating block (6) and one-level powder cover (4) formation space one in steel pipe (5), bullet form second grade blasting main part shell (19) set up in explosion tube (21), it gathers energy powder post (20) to fill in second grade blasting main part shell (19), set up second grade threaded base (13) in second grade blasting main part shell (19) bottom, this second grade threaded base (13) bottom and steel pipe (5) edgewise are tight each other, and this second grade threaded base (13) has, The steel pipe (5) and the rigid isolation block (6) form a space II, a delay explosive (18) is arranged in the secondary energy-gathering explosive column (20), a secondary ignition detonator (16) is arranged in the middle of the secondary threaded base (13), one end of a secondary detonating cord (17) is connected with the delay explosive (18), the other end of the secondary detonating cord is connected with the secondary ignition detonator (16), a shallow groove is arranged on the secondary threaded base (13) below the secondary ignition detonator (16), a spring (14) stretches across the shallow groove and is fixed, a firing pin (15) is arranged on the spring and vertically aligned with the secondary ignition detonator (16), and a striking plate on the bottom of the firing pin (15) is lower than the bottom surface of the secondary threaded base (13) and is positioned in the space II.
3. The blasting structure of a high efficiency blasting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: a clamping table (30) is arranged on the inner side of the middle part of the steel pipe (5), and the upper end of the rigid isolation block (6) is clamped with the clamping table (30) to prevent the rigid isolation block (6) from moving when the steel pipe does not work.
CN201810428852.9A 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 Blasting structure of high-efficient blasting unit Expired - Fee Related CN108731560B (en)

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CN201810428852.9A CN108731560B (en) 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 Blasting structure of high-efficient blasting unit
CN201710026415.XA CN106767208B (en) 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 A kind of blasting method and structure of efficient demolition set

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CN112325720B (en) * 2020-10-26 2023-01-31 浙江科技学院 Deep-hole multi-point air space water-resisting no-coupling electric blasting rock breaking device for subway hard rock

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US2842055A (en) * 1954-04-23 1958-07-08 Seismograph Service Corp Explosive charge container
US5198615A (en) * 1992-03-24 1993-03-30 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Fuzing system for tandem demolition warheads
CN2802430Y (en) * 2005-04-30 2006-08-02 山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司 Mine sweeping torpedo
CN101441055A (en) * 2008-12-31 2009-05-27 中煤平朔煤业有限责任公司 Presplit blasting method
CN203362135U (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-12-25 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司五阳煤矿 Perforating device improving gas permeability of coal beds
CN103410519B (en) * 2013-08-06 2015-04-08 重庆地质矿产研究院 Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method
CN203928912U (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-11-05 安徽理工大学 The directional cumulation demolition set that a kind of energy is strengthened
CN206670474U (en) * 2017-01-13 2017-11-24 贵州大学 A kind of blasting arrangement of the efficiently explosion of demolition set

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CN106767208B (en) 2019-07-19
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