CN103410519B - Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method - Google Patents
Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103410519B CN103410519B CN201310337665.7A CN201310337665A CN103410519B CN 103410519 B CN103410519 B CN 103410519B CN 201310337665 A CN201310337665 A CN 201310337665A CN 103410519 B CN103410519 B CN 103410519B
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Abstract
The utility model provides a tunnel boring is with anti-rock burst face structure, is used for blasting, excavation operation's face including the tunnel boring in-process, and its improvement lies in: the palm surface is shaped like a special-shaped surface formed by intersecting a spherical surface or an ellipsoid with the ground. The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the probability of rock burst disasters can be effectively reduced, and the capacity of the tunnel for resisting the rock burst disasters is improved; meanwhile, the effective free face area formed by the tunnel face is larger, so that the explosion effect can be effectively improved, the disturbance damage to surrounding rocks is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnelling technology, particularly relate to the anti-rock burst face structure of a kind of tunnel piercing and anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method.
Background technology
Rock burst is a kind of accidental pollution event, particularly common in tunnel excavating process; The destructiveness of rock burst is very big, not only can do great damage to excavated surface, and the life security of entail dangers to constructor, spoiled work equipment; At present, in work progress, how effectively to avoid rock burst hazard to occur and effectively resist the problem of rock burst hazard, protection constructor life security, having become global problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in underground rock and rock mechanics field.
In prior art, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures for rock burst mainly contains water spray, advanced stress relieving explosion, steel fiber shotcrete and hangs soft protecting net etc.; But in engineering practice, the effect that previous protective measure is played is not very desirable.
In prior art, when carrying out tunnel piercing, its face structure is generally the plane perpendicular to ground, face edge is caused to there is rib curve, easily near rib curve, there is stress concentration phenomenon in the country rock body around face, make the subregion on the country rock body around face there is very large peak stress, if now implement explosion, very easily bring out rock burst.
After adopting the present invention program, the country rock body tendency near face can be made comparatively to relax, smooth, there is not rib curve in face, thus effectively avoid the internal stress of country rock body around face, occur stress concentration phenomenon, owing to being provided with advanced section, except constructability, the stress on face can also be discharged to a certain extent in advance, further, increase effective free free face area, alleviate the disturbance damage of explosion to country rock, final raising country rock body is to the resistance of blast disturbance or holding capacity, significantly reduce the probability of happening of rock burst hazard, and, the solution of the present invention can also play the supporting role similar to conventional " dome " structure to a certain extent, improve the stability of country rock body inside face.
Such analysis is conceived to the effect of the present invention on defence rock burst hazard, in addition, the present invention can also make the effective free free face area of country rock body around face significantly increase, thus play raising blasting efficiency, reduce the effect of unit location explosive consumption, can be for reference as application number be CN200810046140.7(title: the application process of horizontal V-shaped tunnel face for digging tunnel) application for a patent for invention, by comparison, the face that the present invention program obtains can be larger for the free free face area of excavation operation, obviously, in raising blasting efficiency, the solution of the present invention has better effect, and, the present invention also possesses the effect of defence rock burst hazard simultaneously.
On aforementioned schemes basis, in order to reduce engineering difficulty and operation complexity, the invention allows for following preferred version: when described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the centre of sphere height of sphere lower than tunnel height half, be above the ground level; When described face adopts ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place is parallel with tunnel piercing direction, and the level height of real axis lower than tunnel height half, be above the ground level.
Same as the prior artly, the present invention when applying by arranging explosion eye and snubber carries out development blasting on face, based on the present invention program, explosion eye and snubber can adopt following preferred version to arrange: described face is provided with snubber array and multiple explosion eye; When described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array is parallel with tunnel piercing direction and crossing with the centre of sphere of described sphere; When described face adopts ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array overlaps with the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place; The projection of described face on tunnel piercing direction forms a hemispheric plane of projection; The projection on the projection surface of described longitudinal center line forms initial point, and multiple explosion eye is that the center of circle is by annular array formal distribution on the projection surface with initial point.Wherein, snubber array can by the rectangular array arranged in form of 3 × 3; In addition, explosion eye also can divide into reliever, additional eye and periphery hole by its particular location.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, the invention allows for a kind of anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method, comprise: in tunnel excavating process, the region that there is rock burst hidden danger in the country rock body section overlapped with the tunnel path preset forms rock burst hidden danger section, all the other sections in the tunnel path preset form ordinary crossing section, in the tunneling process of ordinary crossing section, conventional means is adopted to tunnel; When conventional means tunnels, the face adopted is defined as conventional face; Its difference is: when tunnel piercing is to the juncture area of ordinary crossing section and rock burst hidden danger section, tunnel as follows:
1) on conventional face, arrange multiple boring, multiple boring forms snubber array and explosion eye respectively, the contoured surface shape at place at the bottom of the hole of multiple boring for: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
2) at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, implement after filling to ignite; After blast, country rock body within the scope of detonation caves in snubber array direction, and conventional face is destroyed, and namely the country rock body newly exposed forms the first anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the first anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
3) on the first anti-rock burst face, arrange multiple boring (also crying big gun hole), multiple boring forms snubber array and explosion eye respectively, the contoured surface shape at place at the bottom of the hole of multiple boring for: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
4) at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, implement after filling to ignite; After blast, country rock body within the scope of detonation caves in snubber array direction, first anti-rock burst face is destroyed, namely the country rock body newly exposed forms the second anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the second anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
5) repeat step 4), adopt the tunneling method of anti-rock burst face to continue to tunnel forward, until by rock burst hidden danger section, then use conventional means instead and tunnel.
In prior art, when drilling through borehole, the degree of depth of general boring makes at the bottom of hole basically identical with explosion position, after explosion terminates, boring is all destroyed, when continuing explosion, to need on new face setting-out again to go out bore position, extremely bother, for this problem, the present invention has also done following improvement: be provided with advanced section in described boring, and the degree of depth of advanced section is greater than the explosion position of blasting cartridge, is filled with stemming in advanced section.After adopting this scheme, after explosion terminates, advanced section can not be totally disrupted, hole clearly can be left on the new face formed, thus do not need when making ensuing blast to carry out setting-out again to bore position, only need to calculate drilling depth, and continue to creep into forward the new borehole that can obtain position and be applicable to along advanced section, improve efficiency of construction.Stemming, for filling the space in advanced section, avoids detonation stresses to discharge to advanced fragment position.
Because prior art, blasting cartridge of the present invention adopts following preferred version: described blasting cartridge is made up of housing, the ring-type energy gathering cap that is encapsulated in the explosive in housing and is arranged at surface of shell.
In order to adapt with the solution of the present invention and make face be shaped better, the present invention has also carried out following optimal design to ring-type energy gathering cap: described ring-type energy gathering cap is cannelure, and the axis of cannelure and blasting cartridge are axially in a certain angle; The axis of cannelure is vertical with the tangent plane at this explosion position place on shaped face.
Being referred from prior art, when igniting, adopting short-delay blasting mode to ignite.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: effectively can reduce the probability that rock burst hazard occurs, and improves the ability that rock burst hazard resisted by tunnel; Meanwhile, the effective free free face area formed by face is comparatively large, effectively can improve explosive effect, alleviate the disturbance damage to country rock, improves efficiency of construction.
Summary of the invention
For the problem in background technology, the present invention proposes the anti-rock burst face structure of a kind of tunnel piercing, comprise the face for explosion, digging operation in tunnel excavating process, its innovation is: described face surface configuration cuts formed shaped face with ground mutually for sphere or ellipsoid.
The principle of aforementioned schemes is: rock burst hazard depend primarily on two key factors, first internal cause, namely country rock body must be high energy storage rock mass, and stress suffered by it is close to rock mass strength; It two is external causes, and the one or many that high energy storage rock mass is subject to imposed load triggers; In constructing tunnel, the main manifestations of aforesaid imposed load is detonation during Upon Blasting for Tunnel Driving, and after the fragility between the internal stress and rock mass strength of country rock body balances and broken by detonation, rock burst hazard just there occurs;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, face perspective view of the present invention (region, country rock surface in figure within the scope of circle is face, and shown in arrow, direction is tunneling direction, and shown in mark A, eyelet is advanced section snubber);
The perspective view (in figure, shown in arrow, direction is tunneling direction) of Fig. 2, conventional face;
The borehole setting position schematic diagram (in figure, shown in arrow, direction is tunneling direction) of Fig. 3, rock burst hidden danger section and position, ordinary crossing section boundary;
(in figure, shown in arrow, direction is tunneling direction for Fig. 4, borehole setting position schematic diagram when tunneling in rock burst hidden danger segment limit; Mark face shown in C in figure and be the face that goes out of front onepull operation Final finishing, shown in mark D, dotted line is the face profile being about in ensuing blast be formed);
Fig. 5, borehole distributing position schematic diagram on the projection surface (shown in mark A, black eyelet is snubber);
Fig. 6, blasting cartridge cross-sectional view (shown in mark E, part is the stemming of filling);
Fig. 7, blasting cartridge structural representation (mark the axis that rectilinear direction shown in f is cannelure in figure, in figure, shown in f, direction is only signal, and the axis of the blasting cartridge at diverse location place there are differences).
Detailed description of the invention
The anti-rock burst face structure of a kind of tunnel piercing, comprise the face for explosion, digging operation in tunnel excavating process, its innovation is: described face surface configuration cuts formed shaped face with ground mutually for sphere or ellipsoid.
Mathematically, the analytical function expression formula of sphere or ellipsoid can be illustrated by following formula:
Wherein, a is major semiaxis, and b is semi-minor axis; When corresponding to the physical size in actual tunnel, b is tunnel width, and the direction of a and tunnel piercing direction are in the same way; As a=b, face is sphere; As a > b, face is ellipsoid, and now, a is the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place, and b is the imaginary axis.Below when determining concrete snubber and explosion eye position, first can design the position (also namely determining the numerical value of x and z) of snubber and explosion eye, then substituting into the degree of depth (also namely solving y value) that above formula calculates snubber and explosion eye.
Further, when described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the centre of sphere height of sphere lower than tunnel height half, be above the ground level; When described face adopts ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place is parallel with tunnel piercing direction, and the level height of real axis lower than tunnel height half, be above the ground level.
Further, the projection of described face on tunnel piercing direction forms a hemispheric plane of projection; Described face is provided with snubber array and multiple explosion eye; The longitudinal center line of snubber array overlaps with the described centre of sphere, or the longitudinal center line of snubber array overlaps with described real axis; The projection on the projection surface of described longitudinal center line forms initial point, and multiple explosion eye is that the center of circle is by annular array formal distribution on the projection surface with initial point.
A kind of anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method, comprise: in tunnel excavating process, the region that there is rock burst hidden danger in the country rock body section overlapped with the tunnel path preset forms rock burst hidden danger section, all the other sections in the tunnel path preset form ordinary crossing section, in the tunneling process of ordinary crossing section, conventional means is adopted to tunnel; When conventional means tunnels, the face adopted is defined as conventional face 1; It is different from prior art part: when tunnel piercing is to the juncture area of ordinary crossing section and rock burst hidden danger section, tunnel as follows:
1) on conventional face 1, arrange multiple boring 2, multiple boring 2 forms snubber array and explosion eye respectively, the contoured surface shape at place at the bottom of the hole of multiple boring 2 for: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
2) at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, implement after filling to ignite; After blast, country rock body within the scope of detonation caves in snubber array direction, and conventional face 1 is destroyed, and namely the country rock body newly exposed forms the first anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the first anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
3) on the first anti-rock burst face 3, arrange multiple boring 2, multiple boring 2 forms snubber array and explosion eye respectively, the contoured surface shape at place at the bottom of the hole of multiple boring 2 for: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
4) at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, implement after filling to ignite; After blast, country rock body within the scope of detonation caves in snubber array direction, first anti-rock burst face 3 is destroyed, namely the country rock body newly exposed forms the second anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the second anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
5) repeat step 4), adopt the tunneling method of anti-rock burst face to continue to tunnel forward, until by rock burst hidden danger section, then use conventional means instead and tunnel.
Further, be provided with advanced section 2-1 in described boring 2, the degree of depth of advanced section 2-1 is greater than the explosion position of blasting cartridge, is filled with stemming in advanced section 2-1.
Further, described blasting cartridge is made up of housing 4, the ring-type energy gathering cap 5 that is encapsulated in the explosive in housing 4 and is arranged at housing 4 surface.
Further, described ring-type energy gathering cap 5 is cannelure, and the axis of cannelure and blasting cartridge are axially in a certain angle; The axis of cannelure is vertical with the tangent plane at this explosion position place on shaped face.
Further, during ignition, short-delay blasting mode is adopted to ignite.
Claims (6)
1. the anti-rock burst face structure of tunnel piercing, comprises the face for explosion, digging operation in tunnel excavating process, it is characterized in that: described face surface configuration cuts formed shaped face with ground mutually for sphere or ellipsoid;
When described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the centre of sphere height of sphere lower than tunnel height half, be above the ground level; When described face adopts ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place is parallel with tunnel piercing direction, and the level height of real axis lower than tunnel height half, be above the ground level;
Described face is provided with snubber array and multiple explosion eye; When described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array is parallel with tunnel piercing direction and crossing with the centre of sphere of described sphere; When described face adopts ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array overlaps with the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place; The projection of described face on tunnel piercing direction forms a hemispheric plane of projection; The projection on the projection surface of described longitudinal center line forms initial point, and multiple explosion eye is that the center of circle is by annular array formal distribution on the projection surface with initial point.
2. an anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method, comprise: in tunnel excavating process, the region that there is rock burst hidden danger in the country rock body section overlapped with the tunnel path preset forms rock burst hidden danger section, all the other sections in the tunnel path preset form ordinary crossing section, in the tunneling process of ordinary crossing section, conventional means is adopted to tunnel; When conventional means tunnels, the face adopted is defined as conventional face (1); It is characterized in that: when tunnel piercing is to the juncture area of ordinary crossing section and rock burst hidden danger section, tunnel as follows:
1) on conventional face (1), arrange multiple boring (2), multiple boring (2) forms snubber array and explosion eye respectively, the contoured surface shape at place at the bottom of the hole of multiple boring (2) for: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
2) at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, implement after filling to ignite; After blast, country rock body within the scope of detonation caves in snubber array direction, conventional face (1) is destroyed, namely the country rock body newly exposed forms the first anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the first anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
3) multiple boring (2) is set on the first anti-rock burst face (3), multiple boring (2) forms snubber array and explosion eye respectively, the contoured surface shape at place at the bottom of the hole of multiple boring (2) for: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
4) at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, implement after filling to ignite; After blast, country rock body within the scope of detonation caves in snubber array direction, first anti-rock burst face (3) is destroyed, namely the country rock body newly exposed forms the second anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the second anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
5) repeat step 4), adopt the tunneling method of anti-rock burst face to continue to tunnel forward, until by rock burst hidden danger section, then use conventional means instead and tunnel.
3. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: be provided with advanced section (2-1) in described boring (2), and the degree of depth of advanced section (2-1) is greater than the explosion position of blasting cartridge, is filled with stemming in advanced section (2-1).
4. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described blasting cartridge is made up of with the ring-type energy gathering cap (5) being arranged at housing (4) surface housing (4), the explosive be encapsulated in housing (4).
5. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described ring-type energy gathering cap (5) is cannelure, and the axis of cannelure and blasting cartridge are axially in a certain angle; The axis of cannelure is vertical with the tangent plane at this explosion position place on shaped face.
6. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: during ignition, adopts short-delay blasting mode to ignite.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310337665.7A CN103410519B (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2013-08-06 | Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method |
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| CN201310337665.7A CN103410519B (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2013-08-06 | Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method |
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| CN103410519B true CN103410519B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104564088B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-08-17 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of advanced double pilot tunnel construction methods discharging tunnel high stress rock burst destruction |
| CN105065004B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | A kind of Shallow Large Span rock tunnel Portal Section weak blast excavation construction method |
| CN105604554B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-04-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of Driving Face in Coal Tunnel end face form that adjusts keeps the stable method in side top |
| CN106225613B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-05-22 | 中铁十一局集团第三工程有限公司 | A kind of efficient segmentation method of ignition in tunnel excavating process |
| CN106431163B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of agent for fixing for stablizing face for loess tunnel |
| CN106403740B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-08-31 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Accurately control the method that structural plane excavates photoface exploision hole direction diagonally downward |
| CN106767208B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2019-07-19 | 贵州大学 | A kind of blasting method and structure of efficient demolition set |
| CN111997664A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-27 | 宁波朗达工程科技有限公司 | Rock burst prevention tunnel construction platform |
| CN114251107B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-04-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel collapse processing method |
| CN116026200A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-28 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Rapid pre-fracturing blasting method for shield tunnel explosive-gathering explosive bag |
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| JP4183470B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2008-11-19 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Underground structure and its construction method |
| CN101182773A (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2008-05-21 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Railway large-bore tunnel oval-shaped table-board cap brim bias-cutting type hole-door construction method |
| CN101560882B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2011-10-05 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Digging method for preventing strong or strong rock burst on active face |
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