CN103410519A - Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method - Google Patents
Rock burst-proof tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst-proof tunneling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103410519A CN103410519A CN2013103376657A CN201310337665A CN103410519A CN 103410519 A CN103410519 A CN 103410519A CN 2013103376657 A CN2013103376657 A CN 2013103376657A CN 201310337665 A CN201310337665 A CN 201310337665A CN 103410519 A CN103410519 A CN 103410519A
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Abstract
The utility model provides a tunnel boring is with anti-rock burst face structure, is used for blasting, excavation operation's face including the tunnel boring in-process, and its improvement lies in: the palm surface is shaped like a special-shaped surface formed by intersecting a spherical surface or an ellipsoid with the ground. The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the probability of rock burst disasters can be effectively reduced, and the capacity of the tunnel for resisting the rock burst disasters is improved; meanwhile, the effective free face area formed by the tunnel face is larger, so that the explosion effect can be effectively improved, the disturbance damage to surrounding rocks is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnelling technology, relate in particular to a kind of tunnel piercing by anti-rock burst face structure and prevent rock burst tunnel piercing method.
Background technology
Rock burst is a kind of sudden disaster, particularly common in tunnel excavating process; The destructiveness of rock burst is very big, not only can do great damage to excavated surface, and entail dangers to constructor's life security, spoiled work equipment; At present, the problem of how effectively avoiding rock burst hazard to occur in work progress and effectively resisting rock burst hazard, protection constructor life security, become global problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in underground rock and rock mechanics field.
In prior art, mainly contain water spray, leading stress relieving explosion, steel fiber shotcrete and hang soft protecting net etc. for the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of rock burst; But in engineering practice, the effect that aforementioned safeguard procedures play is not very desirable.
Summary of the invention
For the problem in background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of tunnel piercing with preventing rock burst face structure, comprise in tunnel excavating process that for the face of explosion, digging operation, its innovation is: described face surface configuration is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground.
The principle of aforementioned schemes is: rock burst hazard depend primarily on two key factors, first internal cause, namely the country rock body must be high energy storage rock mass, and its suffered stress is near rock mass strength; It two is external causes, and the one or many that high energy storage rock mass is subject to imposed load triggers; In constructing tunnel, the detonation the when main manifestations of aforesaid imposed load is Upon Blasting for Tunnel Driving, after the internal stress of country rock body and the fragile balance between rock mass strength were broken by detonation, rock burst hazard had just occurred;
In prior art, when carrying out tunnel piercing, its face structure is generally the plane perpendicular to ground, cause the face edge to have the rib curve, the stress concentration phenomenon easily appears in the country rock body around face near the rib curve, make the subregion on face country rock body on every side have very large peak stress, if now implement explosion, very easily bring out rock burst.
After adopting the present invention program, near the country rock body tendency of face is comparatively relaxed, smooth, on face, there do not is the rib curve, thereby effectively avoid the internal stress of country rock body the stress concentration phenomenon around face, to occur, owing to being provided with leading section, except constructability, can also discharge in advance the stress on face to a certain extent, further, strengthened effective free free face area, alleviate the disturbance damage of explosion to country rock, final resistance or the holding capacity of country rock body to blast disturbance that improve, significantly reduce the probability of happening of rock burst hazard, and, the solution of the present invention can also play the supporting role with " dome " structural similarity commonly used to a certain extent, improve the stability of the inboard country rock body of face.
Aforementioned analysis is to be conceived to the effect of the present invention on the defence rock burst hazard, in addition, the present invention can also make the effective free free face area of country rock body around face significantly increase, thereby play the raising blasting efficiency, reduce the effect of unit position explosive consumption, can be for reference as application number, be the CN200810046140.7(title: the application for a patent for invention application process of horizontal V-shaped tunnel face for digging tunnel), by comparison, the face that the present invention program obtains can be larger for the free free face area of excavation operation, obviously, aspect the raising blasting efficiency, the solution of the present invention has better effect, and, the present invention also possesses the effect of defence rock burst hazard simultaneously.
On the aforementioned schemes basis, in order to reduce engineering difficulty and operation complexity, the invention allows for following preferred version: when described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the centre of sphere height of sphere lower than the tunnel height half, be above the ground level; When described face adopted ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place was parallel with the tunnel piercing direction, and the level height of real axis lower than the tunnel height half, be above the ground level.
Ground same as the prior art, the present invention carries out the explosion driving by explosion eye and snubber are set on face when application, based on the present invention program, explosion eye and snubber can adopt following preferred version to arrange: on described face, be provided with snubber array and a plurality of explosion eye; When described face adopted sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array was parallel with the tunnel piercing direction and crossing with the centre of sphere of described sphere; When described face adopted ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array overlapped with the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place; The projection of described face on the tunnel piercing direction forms a hemispheric plane of projection; The projection of described longitudinal center line on plane of projection forms initial point, a plurality of explosion eyes on plane of projection, take initial point as the center of circle by the annular array formal distribution.Wherein, the snubber array can be by 3 * 3 rectangular array arranged in form; In addition, the explosion eye also can be divided into reliever, additional eye and periphery hole by its particular location.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, the invention allows for a kind of anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method, comprise: in tunnel excavating process, in the country rock body, there is the zone section formation rock burst hidden danger section overlapped with default tunnel path of rock burst hidden danger, all the other sections on default tunnel path form the ordinary crossing section, in the tunneling process of ordinary crossing section, adopt conventional means to tunnel; When conventional means tunneled, the face adopted was defined as conventional face; Its difference is:, tunnel as follows during to the juncture area of ordinary crossing section and rock burst hidden danger section when tunnel piercing:
1) a plurality of boring is set on conventional face, a plurality of boring forms respectively snubber array and explosion eye, and at the bottom of the hole of a plurality of borings, the contoured surface at place is shaped as: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
2), at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, after filling, implement to ignite; After blast, country rock body in the detonation scope caves in to the snubber array direction, and conventional face is destroyed to be fallen, and the country rock body newly exposed namely forms the first anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the first anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
3) on the first anti-rock burst face, a plurality of boring (also crying the big gun hole) is set, a plurality of boring forms respectively snubber array and explosion eye, and at the bottom of the hole of a plurality of borings, the contoured surface at place is shaped as: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
4), at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, after filling, implement to ignite; After blast, country rock body in the detonation scope caves in to the snubber array direction, the first anti-rock burst face is destroyed to be fallen, the country rock body newly exposed namely forms the second anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the second anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
5) repeating step 4), adopt the tunneling method of anti-rock burst face to continue driving forward, until, by rock burst hidden danger section, then use conventional means instead and tunnel.
In prior art, when drilling through borehole, at the bottom of the degree of depth of general boring makes hole and explosion position is basically identical, after explosion finishes, boring is all destroyed, while continuing explosion, need to be on new face again setting-out go out bore position, trouble very, for this problem, the present invention has also done following improvement: in described boring, be provided with leading section, the degree of depth of leading section is greater than the explosion position of blasting cartridge, is filled with stemming in leading section.After adopting this scheme, after explosion finishes, leading section can not destroyed fully, can on the new face formed, stay hole clearly, thereby while making follow-up explosion, do not need bore position is carried out to setting-out again, only need to calculate drilling depth, and creep into forward and can obtain the new borehole that position is applicable to along leading section continuation, improve efficiency of construction.Stemming, for filling the space in leading section, avoids detonation stresses to discharge to leading fragment position.
Because prior art, blasting cartridge of the present invention adopts following preferred version: described blasting cartridge is comprised of housing, the ring-type energy gathering cap that is encapsulated in the explosive in housing and is arranged at surface of shell.
In order with the solution of the present invention, to adapt and face to be shaped better, the present invention has also carried out following optimal design to the ring-type energy gathering cap: described ring-type energy gathering cap is cannelure, and the axial and blasting cartridge of cannelure is axially in a certain angle; On the axial and shaped face of cannelure, the tangent plane of this explosion position is vertical.
Be referred from prior art, when igniting, adopt the short-delay blasting mode to ignite.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is: can effectively reduce the probability that rock burst hazard occurs, improve the ability that tunnel is resisted rock burst hazard; Simultaneously, larger by the formed effective free free face area of face, can effectively improve explosive effect, alleviate the disturbance damage to country rock, improve efficiency of construction.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, face perspective view of the present invention (zone, country rock surface in figure in the circle scope is face, and shown in arrow, direction is tunneling direction, and eyelet shown in mark A is leading section snubber);
The perspective view of Fig. 2, conventional face (in figure, direction shown in arrow is tunneling direction);
The borehole setting position schematic diagram (in figure, direction shown in arrow is tunneling direction) of Fig. 3, rock burst hidden danger section and position, ordinary crossing section boundary;
Fig. 4, in rock burst hidden danger segment limit the borehole setting position schematic diagram in when driving (in figure, direction shown in arrow is tunneling direction; In figure, face shown in mark C is the face arranged out after front onepull operation, and dotted line shown in mark D is in follow-up explosion and is about to the face profile formed);
Fig. 5, the borehole distributing position schematic diagram (shown in mark A, the black eyelet is snubber) on plane of projection;
Fig. 6, blasting cartridge cross-sectional view (shown in mark E, part is the stemming of filling);
Fig. 7, blasting cartridge structural representation (in figure rectilinear direction shown in mark f be cannelure axially, in figure, direction shown in f only is signal, axially there are differences of the blasting cartridge at diverse location place).
The specific embodiment
A kind of tunnel piercing is by anti-rock burst face structure, comprises in tunnel excavating process that for the face of explosion, digging operation, its innovation is: described face surface configuration is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground.
On mathematics, the analytical function expression formula of sphere or ellipsoid can be illustrated by following formula:
Wherein, a is major semiaxis, and b is semi-minor axis; While corresponding to the physical size on actual tunnel, b is tunnel width, and the direction of a and tunnel piercing direction are in the same way; When a=b, face is sphere; When a>b, face is ellipsoid, and now, a is the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place, and b is the imaginary axis.The position (also namely determining the numerical value of x and z) of snubber and explosion eye, when determining concrete snubber and explosion eye position, can first be designed in back, and then the substitution following formula calculates the degree of depth (also namely solving the y value) of snubber and explosion eye.
Further, when described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the centre of sphere height of sphere lower than the tunnel height half, be above the ground level; When described face adopted ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place was parallel with the tunnel piercing direction, and the level height of real axis lower than the tunnel height half, be above the ground level.
Further, the projection of described face on the tunnel piercing direction forms a hemispheric plane of projection; On described face, be provided with snubber array and a plurality of explosion eye; The longitudinal center line of snubber array overlaps with the described centre of sphere, or the longitudinal center line of snubber array overlaps with described real axis; The projection of described longitudinal center line on plane of projection forms initial point, a plurality of explosion eyes on plane of projection, take initial point as the center of circle by the annular array formal distribution.
A kind of anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method, comprise: in tunnel excavating process, in the country rock body, there is the zone section formation rock burst hidden danger section overlapped with default tunnel path of rock burst hidden danger, all the other sections on default tunnel path form the ordinary crossing section, in the tunneling process of ordinary crossing section, adopt conventional means to tunnel; When conventional means tunneled, the face adopted was defined as conventional face 1; It is different from the prior art part:, tunnel as follows during to the juncture area of ordinary crossing section and rock burst hidden danger section when tunnel piercing:
1) a plurality of boring 2 is set on conventional face 1, a plurality of boring 2 forms respectively snubber array and explosion eye, and at the bottom of the hole of a plurality of borings 2, the contoured surface at place is shaped as: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
2), at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, after filling, implement to ignite; After blast, country rock body in the detonation scope caves in to the snubber array direction, and conventional face 1 is destroyed to be fallen, and the country rock body newly exposed namely forms the first anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the first anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
3) on the first anti-rock burst face 3, a plurality of boring 2 is set, a plurality of boring 2 forms respectively snubber array and explosion eye, and at the bottom of the hole of a plurality of borings 2, the contoured surface at place is shaped as: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
4), at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, after filling, implement to ignite; After blast, country rock body in the detonation scope caves in to the snubber array direction, the first anti-rock burst face 3 is destroyed to be fallen, the country rock body newly exposed namely forms the second anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the second anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
5) repeating step 4), adopt the tunneling method of anti-rock burst face to continue driving forward, until, by rock burst hidden danger section, then use conventional means instead and tunnel.
Further, in described boring 2, be provided with leading section 2-1, the degree of depth of leading section 2-1 is greater than the explosion position of blasting cartridge, is filled with stemming in leading section 2-1.
Further, described blasting cartridge is comprised of housing 4, the ring-type energy gathering cap 5 that is encapsulated in the explosive in housing 4 and is arranged at housing 4 surfaces.
Further, described ring-type energy gathering cap 5 is cannelure, and the axial and blasting cartridge of cannelure is axially in a certain angle; On the axial and shaped face of cannelure, the tangent plane of this explosion position is vertical.
Further, during ignition, adopt the short-delay blasting mode to ignite.
Claims (8)
1. a tunnel piercing is by anti-rock burst face structure, comprises in tunnel excavating process that for the face of explosion, digging operation, it is characterized in that: described face surface configuration is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground.
2. tunnel piercing according to claim 1 by anti-rock burst face structure, is characterized in that: when described face adopts sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the centre of sphere height of sphere lower than the tunnel height half, be above the ground level; When described face adopted ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place was parallel with the tunnel piercing direction, and the level height of real axis lower than the tunnel height half, be above the ground level.
3. tunnel piercing according to claim 2, by anti-rock burst face structure, is characterized in that: on described face, be provided with snubber array and a plurality of explosion eye; When described face adopted sphere to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array was parallel with the tunnel piercing direction and crossing with the centre of sphere of described sphere; When described face adopted ellipsoid to cut formed shaped face mutually with ground, the longitudinal center line of snubber array overlapped with the real axis of the spheroid at ellipsoid place; The projection of described face on the tunnel piercing direction forms a hemispheric plane of projection; The projection of described longitudinal center line on plane of projection forms initial point, a plurality of explosion eyes on plane of projection, take initial point as the center of circle by the annular array formal distribution.
4. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method, comprise: in tunnel excavating process, in the country rock body, there is the zone section formation rock burst hidden danger section overlapped with default tunnel path of rock burst hidden danger, all the other sections on default tunnel path form the ordinary crossing section, in the tunneling process of ordinary crossing section, adopt conventional means to tunnel; When conventional means tunneled, the face adopted was defined as conventional face (1); It is characterized in that:, tunnel as follows during to the juncture area of ordinary crossing section and rock burst hidden danger section when tunnel piercing:
1) a plurality of boring (2) is set on conventional face (1), a plurality of boring (2) forms respectively snubber array and explosion eye, and at the bottom of the hole of a plurality of boring (2), the contoured surface at place is shaped as: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
2), at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, after filling, implement to ignite; After blast, country rock body in the detonation scope caves in to the snubber array direction, conventional face (1) is destroyed to be fallen, the country rock body newly exposed namely forms the first anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the first anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
3) on the first anti-rock burst face (3), a plurality of boring (2) is set, a plurality of boring (2) forms respectively snubber array and explosion eye, and at the bottom of the hole of a plurality of boring (2), the contoured surface at place is shaped as: sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
4), at explosion intraocular filling blasting cartridge, after filling, implement to ignite; After blast, country rock body in the detonation scope caves in to the snubber array direction, the first anti-rock burst face (3) is destroyed to be fallen, the country rock body newly exposed namely forms the second anti-rock burst face, the surface configuration of the second anti-rock burst face is that sphere or ellipsoid cut formed shaped face mutually with ground;
5) repeating step 4), adopt the tunneling method of anti-rock burst face to continue driving forward, until, by rock burst hidden danger section, then use conventional means instead and tunnel.
5. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in described boring (2), be provided with leading section (2-1), the degree of depth of leading section (2-1) is greater than the explosion position of blasting cartridge, is filled with stemming in leading section (2-1).
6. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described blasting cartridge is comprised of housing (4), the ring-type energy gathering cap (5) that is encapsulated in the explosive in housing (4) and is arranged at housing (4) surface.
7. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described ring-type energy gathering cap (5) is cannelure, cannelure axially and blasting cartridge axially in a certain angle; On the axial and shaped face of cannelure, the tangent plane of this explosion position is vertical.
8. anti-rock burst tunnel piercing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: during ignition, adopt the short-delay blasting mode to ignite.
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| CN105065004A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | Shallow-buried large-span rock tunnel portal section weak blasting excavation construction method |
| CN105604554A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for adjusting end face shapes of coal roadway driving working faces to maintain side and roof stability |
| CN106225613A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 中铁十局集团第三工程有限公司 | A kind of efficient segmentation method of ignition in tunnel excavating process |
| CN106403740A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-15 | 葛洲坝易普力四川爆破工程有限公司 | Method for accurately controlling direction of obliquely downward smooth blasting hole in excavating of structural surface |
| CN106431163A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Stabilizer used for stabilizing excavating face of loess tunnel |
| CN106767208A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州大学 | A kind of blasting method of explosion of efficient demolition set and structure |
| CN111997664A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-27 | 宁波朗达工程科技有限公司 | Rock burst prevention tunnel construction platform |
| CN114251107A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-29 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel collapse treatment method |
| CN114737977A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-12 | 福建省交建集团工程有限公司 | Rock burst prevention tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst prevention tunneling method |
| CN116026200A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-28 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Rapid pre-fracturing blasting method for shield tunnel explosive-gathering explosive bag |
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| CN104564088B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-08-17 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of advanced double pilot tunnel construction methods discharging tunnel high stress rock burst destruction |
| CN104564088A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Construction method for heading double pilot tunnels for releasing high-ground stress rockbrust collapsing force |
| CN105065004A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | Shallow-buried large-span rock tunnel portal section weak blasting excavation construction method |
| CN105604554B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-04-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of Driving Face in Coal Tunnel end face form that adjusts keeps the stable method in side top |
| CN105604554A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for adjusting end face shapes of coal roadway driving working faces to maintain side and roof stability |
| CN106225613A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 中铁十局集团第三工程有限公司 | A kind of efficient segmentation method of ignition in tunnel excavating process |
| CN106225613B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-05-22 | 中铁十一局集团第三工程有限公司 | A kind of efficient segmentation method of ignition in tunnel excavating process |
| CN106431163A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Stabilizer used for stabilizing excavating face of loess tunnel |
| CN106431163B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of agent for fixing for stablizing face for loess tunnel |
| CN106403740A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-15 | 葛洲坝易普力四川爆破工程有限公司 | Method for accurately controlling direction of obliquely downward smooth blasting hole in excavating of structural surface |
| CN106767208A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州大学 | A kind of blasting method of explosion of efficient demolition set and structure |
| CN106767208B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2019-07-19 | 贵州大学 | A kind of blasting method and structure of efficient demolition set |
| CN111997664A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-27 | 宁波朗达工程科技有限公司 | Rock burst prevention tunnel construction platform |
| CN114251107A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-29 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel collapse treatment method |
| CN114251107B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-04-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel collapse processing method |
| CN114737977A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-12 | 福建省交建集团工程有限公司 | Rock burst prevention tunnel face structure for tunneling and rock burst prevention tunneling method |
| CN116026200A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-28 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Rapid pre-fracturing blasting method for shield tunnel explosive-gathering explosive bag |
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