CN108727697B - 一种高流动性阻燃母料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及阻燃母料领域,具体涉及一种高流动性阻燃母料。将阻燃剂插层封装在二维片状结构的无机物中,并通过辅助球形无机微粒制备成一种高流动阻燃母料。不但利用二维片结构保护了阻燃剂使其具有良好的稳定性,而且二维片结构与球形微粒辅助具有极佳的流动性。获得的阻燃母料具有高流动性,克服了现有阻燃母料使用石蜡等润滑剂造成阻燃性能下降的缺陷。用于塑料制品时具有良好的分散性,有效防止阻燃剂的析出,使阻燃塑料制品的阻燃性、加工性、外观等性能均得到改善。
Description
本申请是申请号为2016109051101,申请日为2016年10月18日,发明创造名称为“一种高流动性阻燃母料及其制备方法”的专利的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃母料领域,具体涉及一种高流动性阻燃母料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济的发展,塑料及橡胶等高分子材料用量增长很快,阻燃剂现已成为塑料加工的重要助剂之一。目前阻燃剂主要为含卤阻燃剂和无卤阻燃剂。由于阻燃剂的分散性、相容性等与塑料橡胶存在较大的差异,因此通常将阻燃剂预制成阻燃母料使用。其显著的优势是阻燃母料可以将多种阻燃成份的有机结合从而产生协调作用。阻燃母料为大颗粒状,正好与一般塑料颗粒大小相当,使用方便,并减少挥发浪费。
然而,由于阻燃剂的原理属于高温、高热下易反应的特殊物质,目前在阻燃母料的制备以及用于塑料制品时存在诸多缺陷。主要表现在:1、无机阻燃剂氢氧化镁及氢氧化铝等,这类阻燃剂只有在大量添加下才能得到一定的阻燃效果,且加工流动性差,会使制品的力学性能和加工性能严重恶化;2、采用微胶囊包覆红磷加工,易分解,在制品中易析出,产品表面出现麻点;3、溴系阻燃剂如十溴联苯醚、八溴醚等,再塑料制品表面会析出导致阻燃材料的阻燃性能下降,影响材料的使用寿命。
特别的,目前阻燃剂主要用于汽车、电子等产品如发动机汽缸盖罩、汽车电器配件、电器产品接线柱、开关和电阻器等精密器件中使用。阻燃剂使用虽然提高了阻燃性,但同时使制品的外观及力学性能劣化,严重阻碍了阻燃剂的应用发展。
中国发明专利申请号201010194972.0公开了一种无析出阻燃母料,通过分散剂阻止了阻燃材料的表面“起霜”现象,改进了制品的外观。中国发明专利申请号201110239266.8公开了一种阻燃母料,使用了较高的分散剂20~25份以实现阻燃剂分散的目的。在利用过量分散剂提高阻燃剂分散的同时,阻燃母料的流动加工性表现并不佳。这也是阻燃母料加工和应用中长期存在的弊端。不同于传统填充母料,阻燃母料中使用蜡、硬脂酸等低分子易燃有机物会使阻燃母料的阻燃性大幅下降,而不使用润滑剂则导致阻燃母料流动性不佳,从而用于制品时存在较多的瑕疵。这一矛盾长期困扰阻燃母料的发展。
发明内容
为了实现阻燃母料良好的流动加工性和阻燃性,本发明提出一种高流动性阻燃母料,其显著的特点是将阻燃剂插层在二维片结构的无机物中,辅助球形微粒并与聚合物载体制备成具有高流动性的阻燃母料。该阻燃母料因二维片结构与球形微粒从而具有极佳的流动性。特别的因阻燃剂插层在二维片结构的无机物中,因此具有良好的分散性和热稳定性,有效防止阻燃剂的分解、析出,避免了因添加阻燃剂而造成的制品性能劣化。进一步提供一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法。
一种高流动性阻燃母料,是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是以阻燃剂插层在二维片状结构的无机物中,并辅以球形无机微粒和聚合物载体挤压造粒得到的高流动性阻燃母料。
优选的,所述的阻燃剂为无机阻燃剂或有剂阻燃剂。
优选的,所述纳的阻燃剂为固体阻燃剂或液体阻燃剂。
优选的,所述的固体阻燃剂粒径在小于100nm。
优选的,所述的二维片状结构的无机物为鳞片石墨、硫化钼、氮化硼、叶腊石、白云母、滑石粉中的至少一种。
优选的所述球形无机微粒为重晶石粉、硫化锌、玻璃微珠中的至少一种。其粒径小于10μm,D80的球度大度90%。
为进一步优化阻燃效果以及更为合适的用于插层在二维片状结构的无机物中,所述的阻燃剂选用硼酸锌、铅酸铵、镁-锌复合物、二茂铁、氧化锡、氢氧化铝中的一种与十溴联苯醚、八溴醚、三聚氰胺氢溴酸盐中至少一种协同研磨而成的粒径小于100nm的粉末。
一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法,其特征是制备方法按照如下方式进行:
(1)将二维片状结构的无机物利用热膨胀法进行膨胀处理,然后加入分散剂进行分散活化;
(2)将活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂加入锥形研磨机进行研磨,研磨机通过外围冷却水维持研磨温度低于80℃,研磨15-35min使纳米级阻燃剂插层于二维片状结构的无机物或与片结构界面结合,然后加入适量交联剂继续研磨3-10min,使二维片结构交联重叠将阻燃剂封装在二维片状结构的无机物的层间;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的插层封装的阻燃剂60-75重量份、球形无机微粒10-25重量份、聚合物载体10-15重量份、稳定剂1-3份混合均匀,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成一种高流动性阻燃母料。
上述制备方法步骤(1)所述的分散剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的至少一种,用量为二维片状结构无机物质量的1-2%。
上述制备方法步骤(2)所述活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂以质量比100:(30-50)配制。
上述制备方法步骤(3)所述的聚合物载体为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯中的至少一种。
上述制备方法步骤(3)所述的交联剂为乙二醛、戊二醛、硼砂中的一种。
上述制备方法步骤(3)所述的稳定剂为抗氧剂和/或抗滴落剂,其中抗氧剂选用抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂CA、抗氧剂164中的至少一种;抗滴落剂选用聚四氟乙烯抗滴落剂。
本发明一种高流动性阻燃母料及其制备方法,创造性的将阻燃剂插层封装在二维片状结构的无机物中,并通过辅助球形无机微粒制备成一种高流动阻燃母料。不但利用二维片结构保护了阻燃剂使其具有良好的稳定性,而且二维片结构与球形微粒辅助具有极佳的流动性。获得的阻燃母料具有高流动性,克服了现有阻燃母料使用石蜡等润滑剂造成阻燃性能下降的缺陷。用于塑料制品时具有良好的分散性,有效防止阻燃剂的析出,使阻燃塑料制品的阻燃性、加工性、外观等性能均得到改善。
一个典型的应用实例中,将本发明高流动性阻燃母料以10%的比例加入PP均聚料中,加工性良好,在250-280℃的温度条件下可重复加工,得到得塑料制品有极好的热稳定性和光稳定性,不起霜、无析出。制品拉伸强度≥80MPa,弯曲强度≥100MPa,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度≥8KJ/m2,燃烧性UL94V-0。赋予了制品良好的力学性能和阻燃性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明突出的特点和有益的效果在于:
1、本发明一种高流动性阻燃母料,通过借助二维片状结构的无机物和球形无机微粒提升了阻燃母料的流动性,克服了长期以来阻燃母料加工流动性差、分散性差的缺陷。
2、本发明一种高流动性阻燃母料,通过二维片状无机物插层封装阻燃剂,使阻燃剂具有良好的稳定性,克服了在制品中易析出的缺陷,使阻燃塑料制品的阻燃性、加工性、外观等性能均得到改善。
3、本发明一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法,具有较宽的适应范围,适合于将固体或液体、有机或无机阻燃剂的加工使用,生产工艺简单可控,生产成本较低,适合规模生产,具有市场应用价值。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法,其特征是制备方法按照如下方式进行:
(1)将二维片状结构的无机物白云母利用热膨胀法进行膨胀处理,然后加入分散剂剂十二烷基磺酸钠进行分散活化;分散剂用量为白云母质量的1%;
(2)将活化的二维片状结构的无机物白云母与纳米级阻燃剂硼酸锌、十溴联苯醚、八溴醚加入锥形研磨机进行研磨,研磨机通过外围冷却水维持研磨温度低于80℃,研磨15min使纳米级阻燃剂插层于二维片状结构的无机物或与片结构界面结合,然后加入适量交联剂硼砂继续研磨3min,使二维片结构交联重叠将阻燃剂封装在二维片状结构的无机物的层间;其中二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂以质量比100:30配制。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的插层封装的阻燃剂60重量份、粒径小于10μm,D80的球度大度90%的球形无机微粒重晶石粉25重量份、聚合物载体聚氯乙烯15重量份、抗氧剂10101份混合均匀,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成一种高流动性阻燃母料。
将实施例1高流动性阻燃母料以10%的比例加入PP均聚料中,加工性良好,在250-280℃的温度条件下可重复加工,得到得塑料制品有极好的热稳定性和光稳定性,不起霜、无析出。制品拉伸强度≥80MPa,弯曲强度≥100MPa,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度≥8KJ/m2,燃烧性UL94V-0。赋予了制品良好的力学性能和阻燃性能。
实施例2
一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法,其特征是制备方法按照如下方式进行:
(1)将二维片状结构的无机物氮化硼利用热膨胀法进行膨胀处理,然后加入分散剂进行分散活化;分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,用量为二维片状结构无机物质量的2%。
(2)将活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂加入锥形研磨机进行研磨,研磨机通过外围冷却水维持研磨温度低于80℃,研磨15min使纳米级阻燃剂插层于二维片状结构的无机物或与片结构界面结合,然后加入适量交联剂戊二醛继续研磨10min,使二维片结构交联重叠将阻燃剂封装在二维片状结构的无机物的层间;其中阻燃剂为镁-锌复合物与十溴联苯醚、三聚氰胺氢溴酸盐协同研磨而成的粒径小于100nm的粉末。二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂以质量比100:50配制。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的插层封装的阻燃剂60重量份、球形无机微粒硫化锌10重量份、聚合物载体聚苯乙烯15重量份,抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1076、聚四氟乙烯组合物3份混合均匀,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成一种高流动性阻燃母料。
将实施例2得到的高流动性阻燃母料进行测试,其熔体指数达到12g/10min,具有极佳的流动性。克服了现有阻燃母料使用石蜡等润滑剂造成阻燃性能下降的缺陷。用于塑料制品时具有良好的分散性,有效防止阻燃剂的析出,使阻燃塑料制品的阻燃性、加工性、外观等性能均得到改善。
实施例3
一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法,其特征是制备方法按照如下方式进行:
(1)将二维片状结构的无机物滑石粉利用热膨胀法进行膨胀处理,然后加入分散剂进行分散活化;分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,用量为二维片状结构无机物质量的2%。
(2)将活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂加入锥形研磨机进行研磨,研磨机通过外围冷却水维持研磨温度低于80℃,研磨20min使纳米级阻燃剂插层于二维片状结构的无机物或与片结构界面结合,然后加入适量交联剂戊二醛继续研磨10min,使二维片结构交联重叠将阻燃剂封装在二维片状结构的无机物的层间;其中阻燃剂为二茂铁与十溴联苯醚、八溴醚协同研磨而成的粒径小于100nm的粉末。二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂以质量比100:40配制。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的插层封装的阻燃剂75重量份、球形无机微粒玻璃微珠10重量份、聚合物载体聚氯乙烯15重量份,抗氧剂1010、聚四氟乙烯组合物2份混合均匀,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成一种高流动性阻燃母料。
实施例4
一种高流动性阻燃母料的制备方法,其特征是制备方法按照如下方式进行:
(1)将二维片状结构的无机物鳞片石墨利用热膨胀法进行膨胀处理,然后加入分散剂进行分散活化;分散剂为十二烷基磺酸钠,用量为二维片状结构无机物质量的1%。
(2)将活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂加入锥形研磨机进行研磨,研磨机通过外围冷却水维持研磨温度低于80℃,研磨20min使纳米级阻燃剂插层于二维片状结构的无机物或与片结构界面结合,然后加入适量交联剂乙二醛继续研磨10min,使二维片结构交联重叠将阻燃剂封装在二维片状结构的无机物的层间;其中阻燃剂为氧化锡与十溴联苯醚、三聚氰胺氢溴酸盐协同研磨而成的粒径小于100nm的粉末。二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂以质量比100:30配制。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的插层封装的阻燃剂70重量份、球形无机微粒硫化锌10重量份、聚合物载体聚苯乙烯15重量份,抗氧剂1076、聚四氟乙烯组合物1份混合均匀,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成一种高流动性阻燃母料。
Claims (10)
1.一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是阻燃剂插层在二维片状结构的无机物中,并辅以球形无机微粒和聚合物载体挤压造粒得到的高流动性阻燃母料;
由如下方法制备而成:
(1)将二维片状结构的无机物进行膨胀处理,然后加入分散剂进行分散活化;
(2)将活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂进行研磨,维持研磨温度低于80℃,研磨使纳米级阻燃剂插层于二维片状结构的无机物或与片结构界面结合,然后加入适量交联剂继续研磨,使二维片结构交联重叠将阻燃剂封装在二维片状结构的无机物的层间;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的插层封装的阻燃剂60-75重量份、球形无机微粒10-25重量份、聚合物载体10-15重量份、稳定剂1-3份混合均匀,然后挤出造粒,制成一种高流动性阻燃母料。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:所述的阻燃剂粒径小于100nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:所述的二维片状结构的无机物为鳞片石墨、硫化钼、氮化硼、叶腊石、白云母、滑石粉中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:所述球形无机微粒为重晶石粉、硫化锌、玻璃微珠中的至少一种,其粒径小于10μm,D80的球度大于90%。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:所述的阻燃剂选用硼酸锌、铅酸铵、镁-锌复合物、二茂铁、氧化锡、氢氧化铝中的一种与十溴联苯醚、八溴醚、三聚氰胺氢溴酸盐中至少一种协同研磨而成的粒径小于100nm的粉末。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:制备方法步骤(1)所述的分散剂为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的至少一种,用量为二维片状结构无机物质量的1-2%。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:制备方法步骤(2)所述活化的二维片状结构的无机物与阻燃剂以质量比100:(30-50)配制。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:制备方法步骤(3)所述的聚合物载体为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:制备方法步骤(3)所述的稳定剂为抗氧剂和/或抗滴落剂,其中抗氧剂选用抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂CA、抗氧剂164中的至少一种;抗滴落剂选用聚四氟乙烯抗滴落剂。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种高流动性阻燃母料,其特征是:制备方法步骤(2)所述的交联剂为乙二醛、戊二醛、硼砂中的一种。
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