CN108718962A - A method of reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content - Google Patents
A method of reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content Download PDFInfo
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- CN108718962A CN108718962A CN201810384300.2A CN201810384300A CN108718962A CN 108718962 A CN108718962 A CN 108718962A CN 201810384300 A CN201810384300 A CN 201810384300A CN 108718962 A CN108718962 A CN 108718962A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agriculture fields, specifically disclose a kind of method reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content.The present invention by combine using purification irrigation water, in conjunction with drowned rice field, using quick lime, using soil conditioner, provide a kind of method reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content.The usage amount of the further method to purifying irrigation water, the water layer height of drowned rice field, quick lime and soil conditioner optimizes, and has obtained a kind of method significantly reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture fields, specifically, being related to a kind of method reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content.
Background technology
China's cadmium pollution of ploughing is serious, shows as based on soil pollutes with mild or moderate, and the agricultural product such as rice are exceeded serious,
And paddy fields in south china soil acidification, straw incorporation etc. result in serious Cadmium Pollution in Soils, it is exceeded to also directly result in rice cadmium
Seriously, regional agriculture production economy and people's health are affected.
And the drop rice cadmium technical measures taken of existing cadmium pollution rice field are complicated at present, single technology effect is uncertain, group
It is big to close application difficulty, causes cadmium pollution repairing effect undesirable.Have at present based on the methods of soil moved in improve the original and elution
Physical measure, there is the biological control measure based on biological prosthetic, also has the chemistry in previous soil based on addition soil conditioner to arrange
It applies.These traditional restorative procedures are individually present that such as of high cost, progress is slow, is easily destroyed ecological environment of soil drawback.China
To cadmium pollution plough recovery technique and application project case it is limited, therefore, find one kind tallies with the national condition, cost is smaller, drop
Cadmium progress is very fast, and can maintain preferable ecological environment of soil, and combination technique pattern easy to spread is particularly important.
Invention content
In order to solve the problems in the existing technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reduction paddy fields in south china rice cadmiums
The method of content.
In order to realize the object of the invention, technical scheme is as follows：
The present invention provides a kind of methods reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content, and quick lime is applied before rice transplanting,
Before rice transplanting or tillering stage disposably spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner to field, and ensures rice 20 days to after heading 20 before heading
There is water layer in field in it, until harvesting fall naturally within first 6~8 days it is dry；Wherein, the irrigation water in field is after ecological purification
Water.
Further, the ecological purification method of the field irrigation water is：To the natural drainage irrigation canals and ditches on iirigation water source periphery
It is reconstructed and is handled, build up multi-stage ecological irrigation canals and ditches, the irrigation water for flowing through ecological canal enters field.
Further, multi-stage ecological irrigation canals and ditches ibid are built up in field drainage mouth downstream, flows through the discharge of ecological canal
Water discharges naturally.
More specifically, the multi-stage ecological irrigation canals and ditches are：Natural drainage irrigation canals and ditches are reconstructed and are set at inverted trapezoidal, and every 25m
A water-blocking bank is set, canna is planted in one section of upstream (about 50m), and cattail, thaliadeabata wherein one are planted in one section of middle reaches (about 75m)
Kind or two kinds, one section of downstream (about 125m) plant watermifoil.
Preferably, the density of upstream plantation canna is 4-6 plants/m2(more preferable 5 plants/m2), middle reaches plant cattail and/
Or the density of thaliadeabata is 14-16 plants/m2(more preferable 15 plants/m2), watermifoil is planted to covering the water surface in downstream.
The present invention purifies irrigation water by establishing ecological canal, is intercepted by establishing water-blocking bank in ecological ditch
Part runoff and sediment reduces flow rate of water flow.By planting water plant in ecological ditch to reinforce to heavy metal in irrigation canals and ditches bed mud
The absorption of pollutant reduces suspended matter etc. in water.The method of the above source control, makes the irrigation water into farmland be finally reached
Farmland irrigation water standard.Drowned rice field is carried out to field in 20 days to after earing within 20 days before heading, soil oxygen can be reduced
Change reduction potential (Eh), the sulphur of soil is reduced into S2-Amount increase, S2-With the Cd in soil2+Precipitation is formed, to reduce soil
Earth cadmium activity, and then rice Cd accumulation is greatly decreased.
Further, it is transplanted first 20 days in early rice, late rice, quick lime is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, is then turned over
It ploughs；Or turned over before early rice applies quick lime, ploughed depth 15-20cm, soil should be at moistening shape when carrying out ploughing deeply cultivated
State, using being transplanted behind after quick lime 20 days.
The method is particularly suitable for using in slight cadmium pollution rice field, and the optimum spraying amount of quick lime is：150kg/ mus,
Cell amount of application is converted to 6~7kg/30m2It is advisable, preferably 7kg/30m2；Or it is advisable with adjusting soil pH value to 7-8.
Slight cadmium pollution rice field (or slight In Cadmium Polluted Area) of the present invention refers to the full cadmium 0.4-0.6mg/kg of soil,
Middle late rice rice cadmium 0.2-0.4mg/kg, soil pH value 5-6.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the full cadmium content of soil is 0.41mg/kg, therefore is defined as slight In Cadmium Polluted Area.
The optimum spraying amount of soil conditioner and quick lime of the present invention is converted according to slight pollution area optimum spraying amount.
The pH value in rice field is adjusted using quick lime in rice field, cadmium is reduced by improving the pH value in rice field
Activity, to reduce rice Cd accumulation amount.
Preferably, all keeping field to there is water layer, water layer height to be advisable with 2~4cm in rice at whole growth periods, preferably
3cm。
Further, it if spreading fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner before transplanting, need to be turned over after spreading fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner.
The soil conditioner is commercial goods, such as is purchased from Hunan space Feng Nongke ecological engineerings Co., Ltd, commodity
The entitled rich soil conditioner of Hunan space；Or it is purchased from Yueyang department of Kang Yuan Bang Er biotechnologys Co., Ltd, trade name
For Kang Yuan soil conditioners；Or it is purchased from Hunan Tai Gu ecological engineerings Co., Ltd, trade name is soil conditioner；Or it can
Co., Ltd is repaired purchased from environmentally friendly bridge (Hunan) ecological environment, trade name is Chu Ge board soil conditioners.It these are only act
, soil conditioner is not limited to this workable for the present invention, as long as it is suitable for acid soil, it can be achieved that acid is adjusted to drop cadmium, and
The heavy metal limit that heavy metal secondary pollution risk therein meets requires (with reference to NY525-2012 (professional standards-organic fertilizer
Material)) soil conditioner can be applied in the present invention.
The application of the soil conditioner can change soil pH and its physicochemical property, and cadmium is made to precipitate in the soil
With chelating etc. reactions, the biological effectiveness of cadmium is reduced, to reduce absorption of the rice to cadmium.
Further, in slight In Cadmium Polluted Area, the soil conditioner optimum spraying amount is：It 100kg/ mus, is converted to small
Area's amount of application is with 4~5kg/30m2It is advisable, preferably 4.5kg/30m2。
The present invention relates to raw material or reagent be ordinary commercial products, the operation being related to is equal unless otherwise specified
For this field routine operation.
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can be combined with each other, obtain specific embodiment party
Formula.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention by combine using irrigate purifying water process, in conjunction with drowned rice field, using quick lime, using soil tune
Agent is managed, a kind of method reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content is provided.The further method to purifying irrigation water, waterflooding fill
The usage amount of the water layer height irrigate, quick lime and soil conditioner optimizes to have obtained a kind of significant decrease paddy fields in south china rice
The method of cadmium content.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be appreciated that following
Providing merely to play the purpose of explanation for embodiment, is not used to limit the scope of the present invention.This field
Technical staff can carry out various modifications and replace to the present invention without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and spirit.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
Test material：
Excellent No. 189 of strain two, is that Hunan wishes that ripe morning Xian kinds, the kind have in the selection and breeding of Zhong Ye Science and Technology Ltd.s
The advantages that of fine quality, stable high yield of rice, good stress resistance, wide adaptability.Pass through the Crop breed audit committee of Hunan Province within 2009
Authorization, authorization number：Rice 2009004 is examined in Hunan.
Excellent No. 518 of H, be Agricultural University Of Hunan, the Institute of agricultural sciences selection and breeding of hengyang, hunan province city super rice varieties,
Make late rice kind in the double rice cropping system of rice blast, the areas bacterial leaf-blight Qing Fa on the south Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang and Changjiang River of Anhui
It plants.Pass through national crop varietal approval committee, authorization number within 2013：State examines rice 2011020.
Experimental field：Liuyang north is contained, and cadmium pollution degree is slight, and the full cadmium content of Soil Background is 0.41mg/kg.
Test process and main contents are shown in Table 1.
Experimental design：
In testing site, 24 cells, each cell 30m are set2；Every one group of 8 cells, 3 repetitions, random district's groups row
Row.Sowing at the beginning of 4 months, using conventional watery ricenursery, length of time rice seedlings grow 25-30d is transplanted the leaf phase at length of time rice seedlings grow 5.0-6.0, and culturable standard 20cm ×
20cm, strong sprout band mud are transplanted.
Make ridge separation in minizone, it is desirable that ridge is firm solid, with anti-collapse, leak, metals run out.Ridge height 30cm, covering
Agricultural film, and stay aisle and filling, gutter.Each cell has individual water inlet and water outlet, it is ensured that single filling, single, minizone
Non-series-water.
Wherein 4 cell water inlets are exported in irrigation water source region to reconstruct natural drainage irrigation canals and ditches, build up depth
The inverted trapezoidal ecology ditch of 100cm, long 300m, it is preceding to build a water-blocking bank every 25m.(5 plants/m of canna is planted in preceding 50m kinds2),
50-125m kinds plant cattail, thaliadeabata (totally 15 plants/m2), 125-250m kinds plant the whole waters surface of watermifoil covering.
June, August gather in canna, cattail, thaliadeabata, and toothing is to dead not by water logging, and then 6-10 months be often for watermifoil
Interval harvesting in 45 days is primary, i.e., harvests 2m every 2m, and harvesting last time next time does not gather in part.In addition, October foot couple ecology ditch into
Row dredging.
Concrete operations regulation：
(1) lime manually was spread fertilizer over the fields to the processing progress of T4-T8 in 20 days before rice transplanting, the cell application each handled
7kg/30m2, lime is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, during spreading fertilizer over the fields to T1-T3 overlay films to prevent lime with air drift into
Enter.
(2) all processing of T1-T8 are turned over, and ground moistening, ploughed depth 15-20cm are kept when turning over.
(3) ecological ditch is built to T2, T5, T7, T8 and carries out irrigation Water warfare.
(4) drowned rice field is carried out to T3, T6, T7, there is shoaling layer (water layer 2-3cm) in long-term holding field, not dry field, directly
7d before to harvesting is fallen dry naturally.The water management of other processing then is accustomed to carrying out according to local farmers rice cultivation.
(5) soil conditioner 4.5kg/30m is applied to each cell of T82It is disposably spread fertilizer over the fields to field, application in tillering stage
When overlay film cover T1-T7.
The soil conditioner is the rich soil conditioner of Hunan space (Hunan space Feng Nongke ecological engineerings Co., Ltd).
1 test process title of table and main contents
| Handle code name | Process content |
| T1 | CK (does not take any drop cadmium measure) |
| T2 | Irrigate Water warfare (other same CK) |
| T3 | Water management |
| T4 | Liming |
| T5 | Irrigate Water warfare+liming |
| T6 | Water management+liming |
| T7 | Irrigate Water warfare+water management+liming |
| T8 | Irrigate Water warfare+water management+liming+soil conditioner |
As shown in Table 2, T2 processing, without significant difference, illustrates that an irrigation water is net with T1 processing, T3 processing with T1 processing
Change, or only carry out water management cannot all reduce early rice cadmium.T4-T8 processing is compared with T1-T3 processing, early Cd concentration of brown rice
Pole significantly reduces, and there are significant differences with T8 processing for T4 processing, and T5-T8 processing is without significant difference, from the point of view of numerical value, at T8
The early rice cadmium mean value content of reason is minimum.Instruction sheet liming irrigates Water warfare+lime, water management+liming, irrigation water
Water warfare+water management+liming+soil conditioner, the above individual event or group is irrigated in purification+water management+liming
Conjunction measure can significantly reduce early Cd concentration of brown rice, wherein irrigating Water warfare+water management+liming+soil conditioner
The early Cd concentration of brown rice mean value of combination measure is minimum.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to early Cd concentration of brown rice
It is found that the late rice rice cadmium of T3-T8 processing is substantially less than T1 processing, T2 processing is handled with T1 without significant difference table 3,
Illustrate that late Cd concentration of brown rice can not be significantly reduced by only carrying out irrigating Water warfare.There was no significant difference between T3-T7 processing, at T8
Then pole is substantially less than T3-T7 to the rice cadmium content of reason, illustrates to irrigate Water warfare+water management+liming+soil conditioner
Combined measure pattern can pole significantly reduce late Cd concentration of brown rice, and be far below national standard.
Influence of 3 different disposal of table to late Cd concentration of brown rice
It should be understood that the dosage to above-described embodiment agents useful for same or raw material carries out equal proportion expansion or diminution
Technical solution afterwards, it is substantially identical with above-described embodiment.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to claimed model without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention
It encloses.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method reducing paddy fields in south china rice cadmium content, which is characterized in that quick lime is applied before rice transplanting, in rice
Before transplanting or tillering stage disposably spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner to field, and ensure rice before heading 20 days in 20 days field after heading
Between have water layer, until harvesting fall naturally within first 6~8 days it is dry；Wherein, the irrigation water in field is the water after ecological purification.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ecological purification method of the field irrigation water is：To filling
The natural drainage irrigation canals and ditches for irrigating water source periphery are reconstructed and are handled, and multi-stage ecological irrigation canals and ditches are built up, and flow through the irrigation water of ecological canal
Into field.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the multi-stage ecological irrigation canals and ditches are：Natural drainage irrigation canals and ditches are changed
Inverted trapezoidal is built up, and one water-blocking bank, one section of upstream plantation canna, one section of middle reaches plantation cattail, thaliadeabata are set every 25m
One of which or two kinds, one section of downstream plantation watermifoil；
Preferably, the density of upstream plantation canna is 4-6 plants/m2；It is 14- that cattail and/or the density of thaliadeabata are planted in middle reaches
16 plants/m2；Watermifoil is planted to covering the water surface in downstream.
4. according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them method, which is characterized in that transplant first 20 days, will give birth in early rice, late rice
Lime is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, is then turned over；Or it is turned over before early rice applies quick lime, ploughed depth 15-
20cm, soil should be at moisture state when carrying out ploughing deeply cultivated, using being transplanted behind after quick lime 20 days.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, rice at whole growth periods keeps field to have water layer.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, water layer height is 2~4cm.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, water layer height is 3cm.
8. according to claim 5~7 any one of them method, which is characterized in that turned over after spreading fertilizer over the fields quick lime before transplanting.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the quick lime application after, soil pH value 7-8.
10. according to claim 5~7 any one of them method, which is characterized in that the amount of application of the soil conditioner is 4
~5kg/30m2, preferably 4.5kg/30m2。
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109328932A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 长沙灯文生态农业开发有限公司 | Cadmium cultural method drops in rice |
| CN109511500A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-26 | 湖南师范大学 | Reduce the biological method of cadmium pollution rice field Cd concentration of brown rice |
| CN109744102A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-14 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A kind of rice production method reducing heavy metal cadmium |
| CN110523773A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-03 | 唐熙雯 | A method of rice of persistently keeping the safety in production on slight cadmium pollution acid soil |
| CN114158518A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for dissolving fishpond tail water in rice field |
| WO2023184681A1 (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-10-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice cultivation method suitable for use in cadmium-polluted farmland |
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| CN103766182A (en) * | 2013-10-20 | 2014-05-07 | 湘潭顺天农业科技开发有限公司 | Rice cultivation method for effectively reducing cadmium content of unhulled rice |
| CN106069429A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of method reducing semilate rice Cd concentration of brown rice |
| CN106068739A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | The sterilization of a kind of total straw also field soil and the method for acid-base value regulation |
| CN106986508A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-07-28 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of cadmium in utilization unpowered systems purification farmland irrigating water |
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| CN103766182A (en) * | 2013-10-20 | 2014-05-07 | 湘潭顺天农业科技开发有限公司 | Rice cultivation method for effectively reducing cadmium content of unhulled rice |
| CN106068739A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | The sterilization of a kind of total straw also field soil and the method for acid-base value regulation |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109328932A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 长沙灯文生态农业开发有限公司 | Cadmium cultural method drops in rice |
| CN109511500A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-26 | 湖南师范大学 | Reduce the biological method of cadmium pollution rice field Cd concentration of brown rice |
| CN109744102A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-14 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A kind of rice production method reducing heavy metal cadmium |
| CN110523773A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-03 | 唐熙雯 | A method of rice of persistently keeping the safety in production on slight cadmium pollution acid soil |
| CN114158518A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for dissolving fishpond tail water in rice field |
| CN114158518B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for absorbing fishpond tail water in paddy field |
| WO2023184681A1 (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-10-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice cultivation method suitable for use in cadmium-polluted farmland |
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Application publication date: 20181102 |