CN108699045B - 作为害虫防治剂的取代2-氧代咪唑基羧酰胺 - Google Patents
作为害虫防治剂的取代2-氧代咪唑基羧酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108699045B CN108699045B CN201780014347.3A CN201780014347A CN108699045B CN 108699045 B CN108699045 B CN 108699045B CN 201780014347 A CN201780014347 A CN 201780014347A CN 108699045 B CN108699045 B CN 108699045B
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- 229950010867 resorantel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- HMEYVGGHISAPJR-IAHYZSEUSA-N rolitetracycline Chemical compound O=C([C@@]1(O)C(O)=C2[C@@H]([C@](C3=CC=CC(O)=C3C2=O)(C)O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](C=1O)N(C)C)C=1C(=O)NCN1CCCC1 HMEYVGGHISAPJR-IAHYZSEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005009 rolitetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSHXTAQSSIEBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-[3-carbamoylsulfanyl-2-(dimethylamino)propyl] carbamothioate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(=O)SCC([NH+](C)C)CSC(N)=O MSHXTAQSSIEBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGBMMMOLNODPBP-GWGZPXPZSA-N s-ethyl (2e,4e)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienethioate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\CC(C)CCCC(C)(C)OC YGBMMMOLNODPBP-GWGZPXPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005393 sarolaner Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950005194 sisapronil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940125794 sodium channel blocker Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PYODKQIVQIVELM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3-bis(2-methylpropyl)naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(CC(C)C)C(CC(C)C)=CC2=C1 PYODKQIVQIVELM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IYYIUOWKEMQYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;ethoxy-oxido-oxophosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].CCO[P+]([O-])=O IYYIUOWKEMQYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185156 spinosyn Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N spirodiclofen Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C(=O)OC11CCCCC1 DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004306 sulfadiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- XZTNTFPEHWOKNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenecyanamide Chemical compound S=NC#N XZTNTFPEHWOKNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003097 sulfaquinoxaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004546 suspension concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N systemin Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1N(C(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(C)C)CCC1 HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010050014 systemin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000000538 tail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical class NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWLJEQHTPVPKSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufloquin Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C(OC(=O)C)=C(C)C(C)=NC2=C1F LWLJEQHTPVPKSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROZUQUDEWZIBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tecloftalam Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl ROZUQUDEWZIBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URHWNXDZOULUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenylmethylidene]amino]oxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl]carbamate Chemical compound CN1N=NN=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=NOCC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=N1 URHWNXDZOULUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradifon Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005326 tetrahydropyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005458 thianyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002053 thietanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyclam Chemical compound CN(C)C1CSSSC1 DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosultap disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074152 thuringiensin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolclofos-methyl Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=C(Cl)C=C(C)C=C1Cl OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1Cl WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEJNXTAZZBRGDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N toxaphene Chemical compound ClC1C(Cl)C2(Cl)C(CCl)(CCl)C(=C)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl OEJNXTAZZBRGDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010044325 trachoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002258 trematocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VRNFXUOQGOAQBZ-DYXAMGHASA-N veratrin Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)CC[C@H]2[C@](O)(C)[C@@]3(O)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]4(O)[C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)C(\C)=C/C)[C@@]6(O)O[C@@]75C[C@@]4(O)[C@@H]3CN21.C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@]2(O)O[C@@]34C[C@@]5(O)[C@H](CN6[C@@H](CC[C@H](C)C6)[C@@]6(C)O)[C@]6(O)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]5(O)[C@@H]4CC[C@H]2[C@]3(C)CC1 VRNFXUOQGOAQBZ-DYXAMGHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012873 virucide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009278 visceral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000000216 zygoma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D407/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D407/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D411/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D411/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式(I)的化合物
Description
本发明涉及新的杂环化合物,涉及用于制备其的中间体及其用于防治动物害虫的用途。
WO 2011/009804 A2记载了尤其包括可用作杀虫剂的咪唑基羧酰胺的杂环化合物。然而,没有记载在咪唑基上直接被烷氧基基团取代的咪唑基羧酰胺。WO 2011/009804A2中列举的咪唑基羧酰胺在其杀虫活性方面具有相当大的弱点。
现代杀虫剂必须满足许多要求,例如关于它们的作用程度、作用持久性和作用谱以及可能的用途。存在毒性、有益物种和传粉者的贫乏、环境特性、施用率、与其他活性成分或制剂助剂的可结合性这些问题,还存在用于合成活性成分所需的努力的问题;此外,就仅提及的一些影响因素而言,可能产生抗性。出于所有这些原因,不能认为对新的作物保护组合物的研究已经完成,而是不断需要与已知化合物相比至少在个别方面具有改进特性的新的化合物。
本发明的目的是提供在多个方面拓宽农药谱的化合物。
该目的以及没有明确说明但可从本文所讨论的内容看出或推出的其他目的通过提供式(I)的化合物及其盐来实现。
其中(实施方案(0))
Q代表氧或硫,
V代表选自以下的基团:氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基和氰基,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基和氰基,
X代表选自以下的基团:任选取代的烷基、烯基或炔基,饱和或不饱和环烷基或环烯基,其任选被杂原子间隔且任选被取代,
饱和或不饱和环烷基烷基或环烯基烷基,其任选被杂原子间隔且任选被取代,
任选取代的芳基或杂芳基,以及
任选取代的芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基,
Y代表选自以下的基团:氢;氰基;任选取代的烷基、烯基或炔基;任选被杂原子间隔且任选取代的环烷基和任选被杂原子间隔且任选取代的环烷基烷基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢;任选取代的烷基、烯基或炔基以及任选被杂原子间隔且任选取代的环烷基或环烷基烷基,
T代表氧或电子对。
在式(I)的化合物及其盐中,所列基团的优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(1-1)。
Q代表氧或硫,
V代表选自以下的基团:氢、卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基和氰基,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基和氰基,
X代表选自以下的基团:C1-C8-烷基、C3-C8-烯基或C3-C8-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、氰基、C(O)OR2、CONR2R3或C(G)R2单取代至多取代,
C3-C8-环烷基或C5-C8-环烯基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、C(G)R2或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代至四取代,
直链或支链的C3-C8-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基或C5-C8-环烯基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、C(G)R2或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代至四取代,
芳基或杂芳基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-单取代至三取代,或任选彼此独立地被芳基或杂芳基单取代至三取代,所述芳基或杂芳基彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基取代的单取代至三取代,
直链或支链芳基-C1-C4-烷基或杂芳基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代至三取代,
G代表O、N-CN或N-OR2,
Y代表选自以下的基团:氢、氰基;C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至多取代;C3-C8-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;直链或支链的C3-C8-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代或四取代;或芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代至三取代,
m代表数字0、1或2,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至多取代;和C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;和直链或支链的C3-C8-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
R2代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C8-烷基、C3-C8-烯基或C3-C8-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基或C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-单取代至多取代;C3-C8-环烷基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;直链或支链的C3-C8-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;芳基或杂芳基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代至三取代;和直链或支链的芳基-C1-C4-烷基或杂芳基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代至三取代,
R3代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至多取代,
R4代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至多取代;和代表基团CONR2R3和COR2,其中以上优选范围(1-1)的定义适用于R2和R3,
T代表氧或电子对。
在式(I)的化合物及其盐中,所列基团的更优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(1-2)。
在本文中,Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R2、R3、R4和T具有在优选范围(1-1)中指定的定义,且
X代表选自以下的基团:C1-C8-烷基、C3-C8-烯基或C3-C8-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、氰基、C(O)OR2、CONR2R3或C(G)R2单取代至多取代,C3-C8-环烷基或C5-C8-环烯基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、C(G)R2或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代至四取代,
直链或支链的C3-C8-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基或C5-C8-环烯基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、C(G)R2或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基或氰基单取代至四取代,
芳基或杂芳基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、酰氨基、肟醚、硝基、氰基、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-单取代至三取代,或被芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基或杂芳基单取代至三取代,所述芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基或杂芳基任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、杂芳氧基、芳氧基、硝基或氰基单取代至三取代,和
直链或支链的芳基-C1-C4-烷基或杂芳基-C1-C4-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代至三取代,以及
G代表O、N-CN或N-OR2。
在式(I)的化合物及其盐中,所列基团的特别优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(2-1)。
Q代表氧或硫
V代表选自以下的基团:氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基和氰基,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基和氰基,
X代表选自以下的基团:C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、氰基、C(O)OR2、CONR2R3或C(G)R2单取代至七取代,
C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
直链或支链的C3-C6-环烷基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基或噻二唑基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,和
直链或支链的苯基-C1-C2-烷基、吡啶基-C1-C2-烷基、嘧啶基-C1-C2-烷基、噻唑基-C1-C2-烷基或吡唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、Me-S(O)m-、Et-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
G代表O、N-OR2,
Y代表选自以下的基团:氢;氰基;C1-C4-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至五取代;C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;直链或支链C3-C6-环烷基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代至四取代,
m代表数字0、1或2,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至五取代;和C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;和直链或支链的C3-C6-环烷基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
R2代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-或乙基-S(O)m-单取代至五取代;C3-C6-环烷基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;直链或支链的C3-C6-环烷基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;苯基或吡啶基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代;和直链或支链的苯基-C1-C2-烷基、吡啶基-C1-C2-烷基、嘧啶基-C1-C2-烷基或噻唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
R3代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C4-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至五取代,
R4代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C4-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至五取代;和代表基团CONR2R3和COR2,其中以上优选范围(2-1)的定义适用于R2和R3,
T代表氧或电子对。
在式(I)的化合物及其盐中,所示基团的更特别优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(2-2)。
在本文中,Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R2、R3、R4和T具有在优选范围(2-1)中指定的定义以及
X代表选自以下的基团:C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、氰基、C(O)OR2、CONR2R3或C(G)R2单取代至七取代,
C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
直链或支链的C3-C6-环烷基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、喹啉基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基或噻二唑基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、硝基、C1-C4-酰氨基、C1-C4-肟醚、氰基、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、丙基-S(O)m-、丁基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-单取代至二取代,或被苯氧基、吡啶基氧基、苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基-、吡嗪基、三嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、喹啉基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基或噻二唑基单取代至二取代,所述苯氧基、吡啶基氧基、苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基-、吡嗪基、三嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、喹啉基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基或噻二唑基任选彼此独立地被卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-烷基-S(O)m-、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基-S(O)m-、硝基、氰基、苯氧基或被卤素单取代的吡啶基氧基单取代至三取代,以及
直链或支链的苯基-C1-C2-烷基、吡啶基-C1-C2-烷基、嘧啶基-C1-C2-烷基、噻唑基-C1-C2-烷基或吡唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、Me-S(O)m-、Et-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
G代表O、N-OR2。
在式(I)的化合物及其盐中,所示基团的非常特别优选的取代基或范围如下所示。考虑到咪唑基上的羧酰胺基的位置,得到非常特别优选的结构(II)。其组合形成优选范围(3-1)。
其中
Q代表氧或硫,
V代表选自以下的基团:氢、氟、氯、甲基和氰基,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基和氰基,
X代表选自以下的基团:C1-C6-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代、二取代、三取代、四取代或五取代,或被基团C(O)OR2、CONR2R3或C(G)R2取代一次,
C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
C3-C6-环烷基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基或咪唑并吡啶基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基、氰基单取代或二取代;或被苯基单取代或二取代,所述苯基任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
以及苄基、吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基甲基、噻唑基甲基或吡唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、Me-S(O)m-、Et-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
G代表O或N-OR2,
Y代表选自以下的基团:氢、苄基;和甲基、乙基、丙基、烯丙基或炔丙基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代至三取代,
m代表数字0、1或2,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢;甲基、乙基、丙基、烯丙基、炔丙基、环丙基或环丙基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代至三取代,
R2代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-烯基或C3-C6-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-或乙基-S(O)m-单取代至三取代;C3-C6-环烷基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;C3-C6-环烷基甲基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;苯基或吡啶基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代;以及苄基、吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基甲基或噻唑基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
R3代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C4-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至三取代,
R4代表选自以下的基团:氢;C1-C4-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代至三取代;以及代表基CONR2R3和COR2,其中以上优选范围(3-1)的定义适用于R2和R3,
T代表氧或电子对。
考虑到咪唑基上的羧酰胺基团的位置,式(I)得到非常特别优选的结构(II)。在式(I)的化合物中,所列基团的非常特别优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(3-2)。
在本文中,Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R2、R3、R4和T具有在优选范围(3-1)中指定的定义以及
X代表选自以下的基团:C1-C6-烷基、C3-C4-烯基或C3-C4-炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-或氰基单取代、二取代、三取代、四取代或五取代,或被基团C(O)OR2、CONR2R3或C(G)R2取代一次,
C3-C6-环烷基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
C3-C6-环烷基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、喹啉基、噻二唑基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基或咪唑并吡啶基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、丙基-S(O)m-、丁基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基、氰基、乙酰氨基、甲基肟醚单取代或二取代,或被苯基、苯氧基或吡啶基氧基单取代或二取代,所述苯基、苯氧基或吡啶基氧基任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基-S(O)m-、乙基-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基、氰基、苯氧基或任选被氟、氯或溴单取代的吡啶基氧基单取代或二取代,
以及苄基、吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基甲基、噻唑基甲基或吡唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、Me-S(O)m-、Et-S(O)m-、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲基-S(O)m-、二氟乙基-S(O)m-、三氟乙基-S(O)m-、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代以及
G代表O或N-OR2。
在式(I)的化合物中,所示基团的尤其优选的取代基或范围如下所示。考虑到咪唑基上的羧酰胺基团的位置,得到尤其优选的结构(II)。其与尤其优选的取代基的组合形成优选范围(4-1)。
Q代表氧或硫,
V代表氢或氟,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、氯、溴和甲基,
X代表选自以下的基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、己基、新己基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、2-丁烯基、炔丙基或2-丁炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基或乙基磺酰基单取代至三取代,或被基团C(O)OR2、CONR2R3、C(G)R2取代一次,
环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基或环己基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基或咪唑并吡啶基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲基亚磺酰基、三氟甲基磺酰基、二氟甲硫基、二氟甲基亚磺酰基、二氟甲基磺酰基、三氟乙硫基、三氟乙基亚磺酰基、三氟乙基磺酰基、硝基、氰基或苯基单取代或二取代,以及苄基、吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基甲基、噻唑基甲基或吡唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲基亚磺酰基、三氟甲基磺酰基、二氟甲硫基、二氟甲基亚磺酰基、二氟甲基磺酰基、三氟乙硫基、三氟乙基亚磺酰基、三氟乙基磺酰基、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
G代表O或N-OR2,
Y代表选自以下的基团:氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、二氟乙基、三氟乙基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、氰基甲基和苄基,
m代表数字0、1或2,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、二氟乙基、三氟乙基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、氰基甲基、烯丙基、炔丙基、环丙基或环丙基甲基,
R2代表选自以下的基团:氢;甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、2-丁烯基、炔丙基或2-丁炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲氧基或乙氧基单取代至三取代;环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基或环己基甲基,其任选被O或S(O)m间隔一次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代;苯基或吡啶基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲基亚磺酰基、三氟甲基磺酰基、二氟甲硫基、二氟甲基亚磺酰基、二氟甲基磺酰基、三氟乙硫基、三氟乙基亚磺酰基、三氟乙基磺酰基、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代;以及苄基、吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基甲基或噻唑基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
R3代表选自以下的基团:氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基和烯丙基,
R4代表选自以下的基团:氢;甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基和烯丙基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、甲氧基、乙氧基或氰基单取代至三取代,以及代表基团CONR2R3和COR2,其中以上优选范围(4-1)的定义适用于R2和R3,
T代表氧或电子对。
考虑到咪唑基上的羧酰胺基团的位置,式(I)得到优选的结构(II)。所列基团的尤其优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(4-2)。
在本文中,Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R2、R3、R4和T具有在优选范围(4-1)中指定的定义以及
X代表选自以下的基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、己基、新己基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、2-丁烯基、炔丙基或2-丁炔基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基或氰基单取代至三取代,或被基团C(O)OR2、CONR2R3、C(G)R2取代一次,
环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基或环己基甲基,其任选彼此独立地被O、S(O)m、CO或NR4间隔一次或两次,且任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或氰基单取代或二取代,
苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、苯并咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基或喹啉基,优选苯基、吡啶基或喹啉基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、丁硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲基亚磺酰基、三氟甲基磺酰基、二氟甲硫基、二氟甲基亚磺酰基、二氟甲基磺酰基、三氟乙硫基、三氟乙基亚磺酰基、三氟乙基磺酰基、硝基、氰基、乙酰氨基、甲基肟醚单取代或二取代,或被苯基、苯氧基或吡啶基氧基单取代或二取代,所述苯基、苯氧基或吡啶基氧基任选彼此独立地被氟、氯或任选被氟或氯单取代的吡啶基氧基单取代或二取代,
以及苄基、吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基甲基、噻唑基甲基或吡唑基-C1-C2-烷基,其任选彼此独立地被氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲基亚磺酰基、三氟甲基磺酰基、二氟甲硫基、二氟甲基亚磺酰基、二氟甲基磺酰基、三氟乙硫基、三氟乙基亚磺酰基、三氟乙基磺酰基、硝基或氰基单取代或二取代,
G代表O或N-OR2。
在式(II)的化合物及其盐中,所列基团的非常特别优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(5-1)。
Q代表氧或硫,
V代表氢,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、氯和溴,以及优选代表氢,
X代表选自以下的基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环戊基、仲丁基、烯丙基、3-甲氧基丙基、3-氰基丙基、环己基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、3-氟丙基、2-甲硫基乙基、2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)甲硫基]乙基、3,4,4,4-三氟-3-三氟甲基丁基、四氢呋喃-3-基、四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基、四氢-2H-噻喃-4-基、苯基、3-甲硫基苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、2,5-二氟苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、3-氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、3-三氟甲氧基苯基、4-氟苄基、吡啶-2-基、嘧啶-2-基甲基、5-氯吡啶-3-基、6-氯吡啶-3-基、5-氟吡啶-3-基、6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基、吡啶-3-基甲基或6-氟吡啶-3-基,
Y代表甲基,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢和甲基,以及优选代表甲基,
T代表电子对。
在式(II)的化合物中,所列基团的更非常特别优选的取代基或范围如下所示。其组合形成优选范围(5-2)
在本文中,Q、V、W、Y、A和T具有在优选范围(5-1)中指定的定义以及
A代表选自以下的基团:氢、甲基、乙基和环丙基以及
X代表选自以下的基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环戊基、仲丁基、烯丙基、3-甲氧基丙基、3-氰基丙基、环己基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、3-氟丙基、2-甲硫基乙基、2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫烷基(sulphanyl)]乙基、3,4,4,4-四氟-3-三氟甲基丁基、四氢呋喃-3-基、四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基、四氢-2H-噻喃-4-基、苯基、3-甲硫基苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、2,5-二氟苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、3-氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、3-三氟甲氧基苯基、4-氟苄基、吡啶-2-基、嘧啶-2-基甲基、5-氯吡啶-3-基、6-氯吡啶-3-基、5-氟吡啶-3-基、6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基、吡啶-3-基甲基、6-氟吡啶-3-基、6-甲基吡啶-3-基、6-[6-氯吡啶-3-基氧基]吡啶-3-基、6-[6-氟吡啶-3-基氧基]吡啶-3-基、6-{6-[6-氟吡啶-3-基氧基]吡啶-3-基}氧吡啶-3-基、4-甲基吡啶-3-基、5-甲基吡啶-3-基、吡啶-3-基、6-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基、6-氯-5-甲基吡啶-3-基、6-氰基吡啶-3-基、6-氯-4-甲基吡啶-3-基、5-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、6-溴吡啶-3-基、5-氰基吡啶-3-基、喹啉-3-基、5,6-二甲氧基吡啶-3-基、4-氯吡啶-3-基、2-氯吡啶-3-基、5-溴吡啶-3-基、5-氯-2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、2-氟-6-甲基吡啶-3-基、3-氰基苯基、3-乙氧基苯基、3-乙酰氨基苯基、3-乙基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、3-丙基苯基、2-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、3-甲基磺酰基苯基、3-苯氧基苯基、3-丁基硫烷基苯基、4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、3-甲氧基碳化亚氨基苯基(3-methoxycarbonoimidoylphenyl)、3-氯-4-甲基苯基、3-氟-5-三氟甲基苯基、3-氯-5-三氟甲基苯基、3-氯-5-甲氧基苯基或3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基。
在优选范围(1-1)或(1-2)中,除非另有说明,
卤素选自氟、氯、溴和碘,优选依次选自氟、氯和溴,
杂芳基(hetaryl)(与杂芳基(heteroaryl)同义,包括作为更大单元(如杂芳基烷基)的一部分的杂芳基)选自呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、1,2,5-噻二唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、1,2,3-三嗪基、1,2,4-三嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基、苯并呋喃基、苯并异呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并异噻吩基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、2,1,3-苯并噁二唑、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、苯并三嗪基、嘌呤基、蝶啶基和中氮茚基,
杂环基代表饱和的3-元、4-元、5-元或6-元环,其含有1或2个氮原子和/或一个氧原子和/或一个硫原子,但是其中2个氮原子不应直接相邻,例如氮杂环丙烷基(aziridinyl)、氮杂环丁烷基(azetidinyl)、氮杂环戊烷基(azolidinyl)、氮杂环己烷基(azinanyl)、环氧乙烷基(oxiranyl)、氧杂环丁烷基(oxetanyl)、氧杂环戊基(oxolanyl)、氧杂环己基(oxanyl)、二氧杂环己基(dioxanyl)、硫杂环丙烷基(thiiranyl)、硫杂环丁烷基(thietanyl)、硫杂环戊烷基(thiolanyl)、噻烷基(thianyl)和四氢呋喃基。
在优选范围(2-1)或(2-2)中,除非另有说明,
卤素代表氟、氯、溴和碘,优选氟、氯和溴,
杂芳基(包括作为更大单元(如杂芳基烷基)的一部分的杂芳基)代表吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、苄基、吡啶基甲基和噻唑基甲基,并且
杂环基(包括作为更大单元(如杂环基烷基)的一部分的杂环基)代表饱和或不饱和的3-元、4-元或5-元环,其含有1或2个氮原子和/或一个氧原子和/或一个硫原子,但是其中2个氮原子不应直接相邻,例如1-氮杂环丙烷基或2-氮杂环丙烷基、2-环氧乙烷基、2-硫杂环丙烷基、1-氮杂环丁烷基或2-氮杂环丁烷基、2-氧杂环丁烷基或3-氧杂环丁烷基、2-硫杂环丁烷基或3-硫杂环丁烷基、1,3-二氧杂环丁烷-2-基(1,3-dioxetan-2-yl)、1-吡咯烷基、2-吡咯烷基或3-吡咯烷基。
在优选范围(3-1)或(3-2)中,除非另有说明,
卤素代表氟、氯、溴和碘,优选氟、氯和溴,以及
杂环基(包括作为更大单元(如杂环基烷基)的一部分的杂环基)代表饱和或不饱和的3-元或4-元环,其含有1或2个氮原子和/或一个氧原子和/或一个硫原子,但是其中2个氮原子不应直接相邻,例如1-氮杂环丙烷基或2-氮杂环丙烷基、2-环氧乙烷基、2-硫杂环丙烷基、1-氮杂环丁烷基或2-氮杂环丁烷基、2-氧杂环丁烷基或3-氧杂环丁烷基、2-硫杂环丁烷基或3-硫杂环丁烷基、1,3-二氧杂环丁烷-2-基。除非另有说明,卤素取代的基团(例如卤代烷基)为单卤代或多卤代(至多可能的最多数量的取代基)。在多卤代的情况下,卤素原子可以相同或不同。在此情况下,卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘,尤其为氟、氯或溴。
饱和或不饱和烃基(例如烷基或烯基)可各自为直链或支链的,如果可能,包括与杂原子组合,例如在烷氧基中。
除非另有说明,任选取代的基团可为单取代或多取代的,其中在多取代的情况下,取代基可以相同或不同。
在式(I)的化合物中,如果T代表氧,则这些化合物以N-氧化物的形式存在。
在式(I)的化合物中,如果T代表电子对,则这些化合物以吡啶的形式存在。
在一般术语中给出或列于优选范围内的基团定义或说明相应地适用于最终产物且适用于原料以及中间体。这些基团定义可以按需要彼此组合,即包括各优选范围之间的组合。
根据本发明,优选使用式(I)的化合物,其含有上文作为优选所列出的含义的组合(优选范围(1-1)或(1-2))。
根据本发明,特别优选使用式(I)的化合物,其含有上文作为特别优选所列出的含义的组合(优选范围(2-1)或(2-2))。
根据本发明,非常特别优选使用式(I)的化合物,其含有上述作为非常特别优选所列出的定义的组合(优选范围(3-1)或(3-2))。
根据本发明,甚至更优选使用式(II)的化合物,其含有上述作为非常特别优选所列出的定义的组合(优选范围(4-1)或(4-2))。
根据本发明,甚至更优选使用式(II)的化合物,其含有上述作为非常特别优选所列出的定义的组合(优选范围(5-1)或(5-2))。
在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)或式(II)的化合物,其中基团Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R4和T如在优选范围(1-1)或优选范围(1-2)或优选范围(2-1)或优选范围(2-2)或优选范围(3-1)或优选范围(3-2)或优选范围(4-1)或优选范围(4-2)或优选范围(5-1)或优选范围(5-2)中所定义,以及
X具有实施方案(0)中描述的含义。
在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)或式(II)的化合物,其中基团Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R4和T如在实施方案(0)或优选范围(2-1)或优选范围(2-2)或优选范围(3-1)或优选范围(3-2)或优选范围(4-1)或优选范围(4-2)或优选范围(5-1)或优选范围(5-2)中所定义,以及
X、R2、R3和G具有在优选范围(1-1)或(1-2)中描述的含义。
在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)或式(II)的化合物,其中基团Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R4和T如在实施方案(0)或优选范围(1-1)或优选范围(1-2)或优选范围(3-1)或优选范围(3-2)或优选范围(4-1)或优选范围(4-2)或优选范围(5-1)或优选范围(5-2)中所定义,以及
X、R2、R3和G具有在优选范围(2-1)或(2-2)中描述的含义。
在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)或式(II)的化合物,其中基团Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R4和T如在实施方案(0)或优选范围(1-1)或优选范围(1-2)或优选范围(2-1)或优选范围(2-2)或优选范围(4-1)或优选范围(4-2)或优选范围(5-1)或优选范围(5-2)中所定义,以及
X、R2、R3和G具有在优选范围(3-1)或(3-2)中描述的含义。
在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)或式(II)的化合物,其中基团Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R4和T如在实施方案(0)或优选范围(1-1)或优选范围(1-2)或优选范围(2-1)或优选范围(2-2)或优选范围(3-1)或优选范围(3-2)或优选范围(5-1)或优选范围(5-2)中所定义,以及
X、R2、R3和G具有在优选范围(4-1)或优选范围(4-2)中描述的含义。
在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)或式(II)的化合物,其中基团Q、V、W、Y、m、A、R4和T如在实施方案(0)或优选范围(1-1)或优选范围(1-2)或优选范围(2-1)或优选范围(2-2)或优选范围(3-1)或优选范围(3-2)或优选范围(4-1)或优选范围(4-2)中所定义,以及
X具有在优选范围(5-1)或优选范围(5-2)中描述的含义。
此外,本发明提供式(Xa和Xb)的中间体
其中存在的基团具有本发明的式(I)或(II)化合物的上述实施方案(0),优选任何优选范围(1-1)、(1-2)、(2-1)、(2-2)、(3-1)、(3-2)、(4-1)、(4-2)、(5-1)或(5-2)的含义,以及特别优选优选范围(4-1)或(4-2)的含义。
异构体
根据取代基的性质,式(I)的化合物可为几何异构体和/或光学活性异构体或相应的具有不同组成的异构体混合物。这些立体异构体为,例如对映异构体、非对映异构体、阻转异构体或几何异构体。因此,本发明包括纯的立体异构体和任何所需的这些异构体的混合物。
方法和用途
在下文中,关于式(I)化合物的描述当然也适用于式(I)所包括的式(II)的化合物。
本发明还涉及用于防治动物害虫的方法,其中使式(I)的化合物作用于动物害虫和/或其生境。动物害虫的防治优选在农业和林业以及材料保护中进行。这优选排除用于人体或动物体的外科手术或治疗性处理的方法以及在人体或动物体上进行的诊断方法。
本发明还涉及式(I)的化合物作为农药、特别是作物保护剂的用途。
在本申请的上下文中,术语“农药”在每种情况下还总是包括术语“作物保护剂”。
具有良好的植物耐受性、有利的温血动物毒性和良好的环境相容性,式(I)的化合物适于保护植物和植物器官抵抗生物和非生物胁迫因素、增加采收产量、改善采收材料的品质以及防治在农业、园艺业、畜牧业、水产养殖业、林业、园林以及休闲设施、储存产品和材料的保护和卫生领域中遇到的动物害虫,尤其是昆虫、蛛形纲动物、蠕虫、尤其是线虫及软体动物。
在本专利申请的上下文中,术语“卫生”应理解为意指旨在预防病症、特别是感染性疾病并且用于保护人类和动物健康和/或保护环境和/或维持清洁的任何和所有措施、方法和步骤。根据本发明,这特别包括对例如纺织品或硬质表面,尤其由玻璃、木材、混凝土、瓷、陶瓷、塑料亦或金属(多种金属)制成的表面进行清洁、消毒和杀菌的措施,以便确保它们远离卫生害虫和/或其分泌物。在这方面,本发明的保护范围优选排除将用于人体或动物体的外科或治疗性处理方法,以及在人体或动物体上进行的诊断方法。
术语“卫生领域”涵盖其中所述卫生措施、方法和过程重要的所有区域、技术领域和商业应用,例如关于在厨房、面包房、机场、浴室、游泳池、购物中心、酒店、医院、厩舍、动物饲养等中的卫生。
因此,术语“卫生害虫”应被理解为意指其存在于卫生领域中是成问题的,特别是出于健康原因的一种或多种这样的动物害虫。因此,主要目的是避免卫生害虫的存在和/或在卫生领域中与其接触,或将卫生害虫的存在和/或在卫生领域中与其接触限制至最小程度。特别地,这可以通过使用农药来实现,所述农药可以用于预防侵染和用于防治存在的侵染。也可以使用防止或减少与害虫接触的制剂。卫生害虫包括例如下面所提及的生物体。
因此,术语“卫生保护”涵盖维持和/或改善所述卫生措施、方法和过程的所有行为。
式(I)的化合物可优选用作农药。它们能有效抵抗通常敏感且具有抗性的物种,以及抵抗所有或特定的发育阶段。上述害虫包括:
来自节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、特别是蛛形纲(Arachnida)的害虫,例如粉螨属种(Acarus spp.),粉螨属种(Acarus spp.),例如粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro);枸杞瘤瘿螨(Aceria kuko)、柑桔瘤瘿螨(Aceria sheldoni);刺皮节蜱属种(Aculops spp.);刺瘿螨属种(Aculus spp.),例如佛氏刺瘿螨(Aculus fockeui)、苹果刺瘿螨(Aculusschlechtendali);花蜱属种(Amblyomma spp.);山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychusviennensis);锐缘蜱属种(Argas spp.);牛蜱属种(Boophilus spp.);短须螨属种(Brevipalpus spp.),例如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);蚜苔螨(Bryobiagraminum)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa);刺尾蝎属种(Centruroides spp.);皮螨属种(Chorioptes spp.);鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae);屋尘螨(Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus)、粉尘螨(Dermatophagoides farinae);革蜱属种(Dermacentor spp.);始叶螨属种(Eotetranychus spp.),例如核桃始叶螨(Eotetranychus hicoriae);梨上瘿螨(Epitrimerus pyri);真叶螨属种(Eutetranychus spp.),例如班氏真叶螨(Eutetranychus banksi);瘿螨属种(Eriophyes spp.),例如梨叶肿瘿螨(Eriophyespyri);家甜食螨(Glycyphagus domesticus);红足土螨(Halotydeus destructor);半跗线螨属种(Hemitarsonemus spp.),例如茶半跗线螨(Hemitarsonemus latus)(=侧多食跗线螨Polyphagotarsonemus latus);璃眼蜱属种(Hyalomma spp.);硬蜱属种(Ixodes spp.);寇蛛属种(Latrodectus spp.);斜蛛属种(Loxosceles spp.);秋收恙螨(Neutrombiculaautumnalis);Nuphersa属种;小爪螨属种(Oligonychus spp.),例如咖啡小爪螨(Oligonychus coffeae)、Oligonychus coniferarum、冬青小爪螨(Oligonychus ilicis)、甘蔗小爪螨(Oligonychus indicus)、芒果小爪螨(Oligonychus mangiferus)、草地小爪螨(Oligonychus pratensis)、石榴小爪螨(Oligonychus punicae)、樟小爪螨(Oligonychusyothersi);纯缘蜱属种(Ornithodorus spp.);禽剌螨属种(Ornithonyssus spp.);全爪螨属种(Panonychus spp.),例如柑桔全爪螨(Panonychus citri)(=Metatetranychuscitri)、苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi)(=Metatetranychus ulmi);柑芸锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora);Platytetranychus multidigituli;侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);痒螨属种(Psoroptes spp.);扇头蜱属种(Rhipicephalusspp.);根嗜螨属种(Rhizoglyphus spp.);疥螨属种(Sarcoptes spp.);中东金蝎(Scorpiomaurus);狭跗线螨属种(Steneotarsonemus spp.),稻细螨(Steneotarsonemus spinki);跗线螨属种(Tarsonemus spp.),例如乱跗线螨(Tarsonemus confusus)、白跗线螨(Tarsonemus pallidus);叶螨属种(Tetranychus spp.),例如四点红蜘蛛(Tetranychuscanadensis)、红叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、土耳其斯坦叶螨(Tetranychusturkestani)、二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae);阿氏真恙螨(Trombiculaalfreddugesi);Vaejovis属种;番茄斜背瘤瘿螨(Vasates lycopersici);
来自唇足纲(Chilopoda)的害虫,例如,地蜈蚣属种(Geophilus spp.)、蚰蜒属种(Scutigera spp.);
来自弹尾目或弹尾纲(Collembola)的害虫,例如,武装棘跳虫(Onychiurusarmatus)、绿圆跳虫(Sminthurus viridis);
来自倍足纲(Diplopoda)的害虫,例如,千足虫(Blaniulus guttulatus);
来自昆虫纲(Insecta)的害虫,例如蜚蠊目(Blattodea),例如东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis)、东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、亚洲蜚蠊(Blattella asahinai)、德国蜚蠊(Blattella germanica);马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae);Loboptera decipiens;家屋斑蠊(Neostylopyga rhombifolia);古巴蠊属种(Panchlora spp.);木蠊属种(Parcoblatta spp.);大蠊属种(Periplaneta spp.),例如美洲大蠊(Periplanetaamericana)、澳洲大蠊(Periplaneta australasiae);苏里南潜蠊(Pycnoscelussurinamensis);棕带蜚蠊(Supella longipalpa);
来自鞘翅目(Coleoptera)的害虫,例如,条纹南瓜甲虫(Acalymma vittatum);菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus);菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus);喙丽金龟属种(Adoretus spp.);小蜂窝甲虫(Aethina tumida);杨树萤叶甲(Agelastica alni);叩甲属种(Agriotes spp.),例如直条叩头虫(Agriotes linneatus)、小麦金针虫(Agriotesmancus);小粉虫(Alphitobius diaperinus);马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallonsolstitialis);家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum);星天牛属种(Anoplophora spp.);花象属种(Anthonomus spp.),例如棉铃象甲(Anthonomus grandis);圆皮蠹属种(Anthrenusspp.);梨象属种(Apion spp.);甘蔗金龟属种(Apogonia spp.);隐翅甲属种(Atomariaspp.),例如甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis);毛皮蠹属种(Attagenus spp.);Bariscaerulescens;恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus);豆象属种(Bruchus spp.),例如豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、蚕豆象(Bruchus rufimanus);龟甲属种(Cassida spp.);菜豆莹叶甲(Cerotoma trifurcata);龟象属种(Ceutorrhynchus spp.),例如白菜龟象(Ceutorrhynchus assimilis)、油菜茎象甲(Ceutorrhynchus quadridens)、芜菁象甲(Ceutorrhynchus rapae);跳甲属种(Chaetocnema spp.),例如甘薯跳甲(Chaetocnemaconfinis)、玉米齿叶甲(Chaetocnema denticulata)、玉米跳甲(Chaetocnema ectypa);方喙象属种(Cleonus mendicus);宽胸叩头虫属种(Conoderus spp.);根颈象属种(Cosmopolites spp.),例如香蕉根茎象(Cosmopolites sordidus);褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica);叩甲属种(Ctenicera spp.);象虫属种(Curculio spp.),例如核桃象甲(Curculio caryae)、Curculio caryatrypes、榛子象甲(Curculio obtusus)、Curculio sayi;锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)、长角扁谷盗(Cryptolestespusillus);杨干隐喙象(Cryptorhynchus lapathi)、芒果果核象甲(Cryptorhynchusmangiferae);细枝象属种(Cylindrocopturus spp.),密点细枝象(Cylindrocopturusadspersus)、Cylindrocopturus furnissi;皮蠹属种(Dermestes spp.);叶甲属种(Diabrotica spp.),例如黄瓜条叶甲(Diabrotica balteata)、北方玉米根虫(Diabroticabarberi)、十一星叶甲食根亚虫(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)、十一星黄瓜甲虫(Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata)、西部玉米根虫(Diabroticavirgifera virgifera)、墨西哥玉米根虫(Diabrotica virgifera zeae);蛀野螟属种(Dichocrocis spp.);水稻铁甲(Dicladispa armigera);Diloboderus属种;芽象甲属种(Epicaerus spp.);食植瓢虫属种(Epilachna spp.),例如南瓜瓢虫(Epilachnaborealis)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis);毛跳甲属种(Epitrix spp.),例如黄瓜跳甲(Epitrix cucumeris)、茄子跳甲(Epitrix fuscula)、烟草跳甲(Epitrixhirtipennis)、美国马铃薯跳甲(Epitrix subcrinita)、块茎跳甲(Epitrix tuberis);钻孔虫属种(Faustinus spp.);裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides);阔角谷盗(Gnathoceruscornutus);菜心螟(Hellula undalis);黑异爪蔗金龟(Heteronychus arator);寡节鳃金龟属种(Heteronyx spp.);Hylamorpha elegans;北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus);紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica);蓝绿象(Hypomeces squamosus);咪小蠹属种(Hypothenemusspp.),例如咖啡果小蠹(Hypothenemus hampei)、苹枝小囊(Hypothenemus obscurus)、毛竹小蠹(Hypothenemus pubescens);甘蔗大褐齿爪鳃金龟(Lachnosterna consanguinea);烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne);长头谷盗(Latheticus oryzae);波缘薪甲属种(Lathridius spp.);合爪负泥虫属种(Lema spp.);马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsadecemlineata);银潜蛾属种(Leucoptera spp.),例如咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucopteracoffeella);稻根象(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus);象甲属种(Listronotus(=Hyperodes)spp.);筒喙象属种(Lixus spp.);Luperodes属种;黄胸叶甲(Luperomorphaxanthodera);粉蠹属种(Lyctus spp.);美洲叶甲属种(Megascelis spp.);梳爪叩头虫属种(Melanotus spp.),例如Melanotus longulus oregonensis;油菜花露尾甲(Meligethesaeneus);鳃金龟属种(Melolontha spp.),例如大栗鳃角金龟(Melolontha melolontha);Migdolus属种;墨天牛属种(Monochamus spp.);象甲(Naupactus xanthographus);隐跗郭公虫属种(Necrobia spp.);Neogalerucella属种;黄蛛甲(Niptus hololeucus);椰蛀犀金龟(Oryctes rhinoceros);锯谷盗(Oryzaephilus surinamensis);Oryzaphagus oryzae;耳象属种(Otiorhynchus spp.),例如苹果耳象(Otiorhynchus cribricollis)、苜蓿象鼻虫(Otiorhynchus ligustici)、草莓根耳象(Otiorhynchus ovatus)、粗糙草莓耳喙象(Otiorhynchus rugosostriarus)、黑葡萄耳象(Otiorhynchus sulcatus);负泥虫属种(Oulema spp.),例如黑角负泥虫(Oulema melanopus)、稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae);小青花金龟(Oxycetonia jucunda);辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae);鳃角金龟属种(Phyllophaga spp),鳃金龟(Phyllophaga helleri);菜跳甲属种(Phyllotreta spp.),例如辣根菜跳甲(Phyllotreta armoraciae)、西方黑跳甲(Phyllotreta pusilla)、Phyllotreta ramosa、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata);日本丽金龟(Popilliajaponica);象甲属种(Premnotrypes spp.);大谷蠹(Prostephanus truncatus);蚤跳甲属种(Psylliodes spp.),例如Psylliodes affinis、油菜金头跳甲(Psylliodeschrysocephala)、忽布跳甲(Psylliodes punctulata);蛛甲属种(Ptinus spp.);暗色瓢虫(Rhizobius ventralis);谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica);隐喙象属种(Rhynchophorusspp.),红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)、棕榈象甲(Rhynchophorus palmarum);侧突双棘长蠹(Sinoxylon perforans);谷象属种(Sitophilus spp.),例如麦子象鼻虫(Sitophilus granarius)、Sitophilus linearis、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais);尖隐喙象属种(Sphenophorus spp.);药材甲(Stegobiumpaniceum);茎干象属种(Sternechus spp.),例如豆茎象(Sternechus paludatus);宽幅天牛属种(Symphyletes spp.);纤毛象属种(Tanymecus spp.),例如玉米象鼻虫(Tanymecusdilaticollis)、印度纤毛象(Tanymecus indicus)、甜菜灰象虫(Tanymecus palliatus);黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor);大谷盗(Tenebrioides mauretanicus);拟谷盗属种(Tribolium spp.),例如美洲黑拟谷盗(Tribolium audax)、赤拟谷盗(Triboliumcastaneum)、杂拟谷盗(Tribolium confusum);斑皮蠹属种(Trogoderma spp.);籽象属种(Tychius spp.);脊虎天牛属种(Xylotrechus spp.);距步甲属种(Zabrus spp.),例如玉米距步甲(Zabrus tenebrioides);
来自革翅目(Dermaptera)的害虫,例如海岸肥螋(Anisolabis maritime)、欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)、红蠼螋(Labidura riparia);
来自双翅目(Diptera)的害虫,例如,伊蚊属种(Aedes spp.),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、叮刺伊蚊(Aedes sticticus)、刺扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans);潜蝇属种(Agromyza spp.),例如苜蓿斑潜蝇(Agromyza frontella)、美洲黍潜蝇(Agromyza parvicornis);按实蝇属种(Anastrepha spp.);按蚊属种(Anophelesspp.),例如四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、冈比亚按蚊(Anopheles gambiae);瘿蚊属种(Asphondylia spp.);果实蝇属种(Bactrocera spp.),例如瓜实蝇(Bactroceracucurbitae)、东方果实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)、油橄榄果实蝇(Bactrocera oleae);花园毛蚊(Bibio hortulanus);琉璃蝇(Calliphora erythrocephala)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina);地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata);摇蚊属种(Chironomus spp.);金蝇属种(Chrysomya spp.);斑虻属种(Chrysops spp.);高额麻虻(Chrysozonapluvialis);锥蝇属种(Cochliomya spp.);康瘿蚊属种(Contarinia spp.),例如葡萄瘿蚊(Contarinia johnsoni)、甘蓝瘿蚊(Contarinia nasturtii)、梨实康瘿蚊(Contariniapyrivora)、向日葵瘿蚊(Contarinia schulzi)、高粱康瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、麦黄康瘿蚊(Contarinia tritici);嗜人瘤蝇(Cordylobia anthropophaga);环足摇蚊(Cricotopus sylvestris);库蚊属种(Culex spp.),例如尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus);库蠓属种(Culicoides spp.);脉毛蚊属种(Culisetaspp.);黄蝇属种(Cuterebra spp.);橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae);叶瘿蚊属种(Dasineuraspp.),例如油菜荚叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae);地种蝇属种(Delia spp.),例如葱地种蝇(Delia antiqua)、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、毛跗地种蝇(Delia florilega)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Delia radicum);人肤蝇(Dermatobia hominis);果蝇属种(Drosophila spp.),例如黄猩猩果蝇(Drosphila melanogaster)、樱桃果蝇(Drosophila suzukii);稻象属种(Echinocnemus spp.);Euleia heraclei;厕蝇属种(Fannia spp.);胃蝇属种(Gasterophilus spp.);舌蝇属种(Glossina spp.);麻虻属种(Haematopota spp.);毛眼水蝇属种(Hydrellia spp.);大麦水蝇(Hydrellia griseola);种蝇属种(Hylemya spp.);虱蝇属种(Hippobosca spp.);皮蝇属种(Hypoderma spp.);斑潜蝇属种(Liriomyza spp.),例如菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza brassicae)、南美斑潜蝇(Liriomyza huidobrensis)、美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae);绿蝇属种(Luciliaspp.),例如铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina);罗蛉属种(Lutzomyia spp.);曼蚊属种(Mansoniaspp.);家蝇属种(Muscaspp.),例如家蝇(Musca domestica)、舍蝇(Musca domesticavicina);狂蝇属种(Oestrus spp.);瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit);拟长跑摇蚊属种(Paratanytarsus spp.);Paralauterborniella subcincta;泉蝇属种(Pegomya或Pegomyia spp.),例如甜菜蝇(Pegomya betae)、甜菜潜叶蝇(Pegomya hyoscyami)、悬钩子泉蝇(Pegomya rubivora);白蛉属种(Phlebotomus spp.);草种蝇属种(Phorbia spp.);伏蝇属种(Phormia spp.);酪蝇(Piophila casei);芦笋实蝇(Platyparea poeciloptera);Prodiplosis属种;胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae);绕实蝇属种(Rhagoletis spp.),例如樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis cingulata)、核桃绕实蝇(Rhagoletis completa)、黑樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis fausta)、西部樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis indifferens)、蓝橘绕实蝇(Rhagoletis mendax)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella);麻蝇属种(Sarcophaga spp.);蚋属种(Simulium spp.),例如南方蚋(Simulium meridionale);螫蝇属种(Stomoxysspp.);虻属种(Tabanus spp.);根斑蝇属种(Tetanops spp.);大蚊属种(Tipula spp.),例如欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、牧场大蚊(Tipula simplex);番木瓜长尾实蝇(Toxotrypana curvicauda);
来自半翅目(Hemiptera)的害虫,例如,Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae、Acizziadodonaeae、木虱(Acizzia uncatoides);长头蝗(Acrida turrita);无网长管蚜属种(Acyrthosipon spp.),例如碗豆长管蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum);Acrogonia属种;沫蝉属种(Aeneolamia spp.);隆脉木虱属种(Agonoscena spp.);刺粉虱属种(Aleurocanthusspp.);欧洲甘蓝粉虱(Aleyrodes proletella);甘蔗穴粉虱(Aleurolobus barodensis);棉粉虱(Aleurothrixus floccosus);Allocaridara malayensis;芒果叶蝉属种(Amrascaspp.),例如Amrasca bigutulla、叶蝉(Amrasca devastans);飞廉短尾蚜(Anuraphiscardui);肾圆盾介壳虫属种(Aonidiella spp.),例如橘红肾圆盾介壳虫(Aonidiellaaurantii)、黄圆蹄盾蚧(Aonidiella citrina)、赤圆介壳虫(Aonidiella inornata);苏联黄粉蚜(Aphanostigma piri);蚜属种(Aphis spp.),例如苹果黄蚜(Aphis citricola)、豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、Aphis forbesi、大豆蚜(Aphisglycines)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、Aphis hederae、Aphis illinoisensis、Aphismiddletoni、鼠李马铃薯蚜(Aphis nasturtii)、夹竹桃蚜(Aphis nerii)、苹果蚜(Aphispomi)、绣线菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、Aphis viburniphila;葡萄叶蜂(Arboridiaapicalis);Arytainilla属种;小圆盾蚧属种(Aspidiella spp.);圆盾介壳虫属种(Aspidiotus spp.),例如常春藤圆盾蚧(Aspidiotus nerii);Atanus属种;茄沟无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani);烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci);澳大利亚木虱(Blastopsyllaoccidentalis);Boreioglycaspis melaleucae;李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi);微管蚜属种(Brachycolus spp.);甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae);喀木虱属种(Cacopsylla spp.),例如梨木虱(Cacopsylla pyricola);小褐稻虱(Calligyponamarginata);Capulinia属种;黄头大叶蝉(Carneocephala fulgida);甘蔗绵蚜(Ceratovacuna lanigera);沫蝉科(Cercopidae);蜡蚧属种(Ceroplastes spp.);草莓钉蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii);蔗黄雪盾蚧(Chionaspis tegalensis);茶绿叶蜂(Chlorita onukii);台湾大蝗(Chondracris rosea);核桃黑斑蚜(Chromaphisjuglandicola);褐圆蚧(Chrysomphalus aonidum)、黑褐圆盾蚧(Chrysomphalus ficus);玉米叶蝉(Cicadulina mbila);Coccomytilus halli;软蚧属种(Coccus spp.),例如褐软蚧(Coccus hesperidum)、长椭圆软蚧(Coccus longulus)、橘软蜡蚧(Coccuspseudomagnoliarum)、咖啡绿软蚧(Coccus viridis);隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis);Cryptoneossa属种;Ctenarytaina属种;角顶叶蝉属种(Dalbulus spp.);Dialeurodeschittendeni、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri);柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri);白背盾蚧属种(Diaspis spp.);Diuraphis属种;Doralis属种;草履介壳虫属种(Drosicha spp.);西圆尾蚜属种(Dysaphis spp.),例如锈条蚜(Dysaphis apiifolia)、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphisplantaginea)、百合西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis tulipae);灰粉蚧属种(Dysmicoccus spp.);小绿叶蝉属种(Empoasca spp.),例如Empoasca abrupta、马铃薯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、苹果小绿叶蝉(Empoasca maligna)、茄微叶蝉(Empoasca solana)、Empoasca stevensi;绵蚜属种(Eriosoma spp.),例如Eriosoma americanum、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、梨根绵蚜(Eriosoma pyricola);斑叶蝉属种(Erythroneura spp.);Eucalyptolyma属种;褐木虱属种(Euphyllura spp.);Euscelis bilobatus;弗氏粉蚧属种(Ferrisia spp.);Fiorinia属种;Furcaspis oceanica;咖啡地粉蚧(Geococcus coffeae);Glycaspis属种;银合欢木虱(Heteropsylla cubana)、颊木虱(Heteropsylla spinulosa);假桃病毒叶蝉(Homalodisca coagulata);桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis)、桃粉蚜(Hyalopteruspruni);吹绵蚧属种(Icerya spp.),例如吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi);片角叶蝉属种(Idiocerus spp.);扁喙叶蝉属种(Idioscopus spp.);灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus);蜡蚧属种(Lecanium spp.),例如褐盔蜡蚧(Lecanium corni)(=Parthenolecanium corni);牡蛎蚧属种(Lepidosaphes spp.),例如榆蛎盾蚧(Lepidosaphes ulmi);萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi);长白盾蚧(Lopholeucaspisjaponica);斑衣蜡蝉(Lycorma delicatula);长管蚜属种(Macrosiphum spp.),例如马铃薯长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、百合长管蚜(Macrosiphum lilii)、蔷薇长管蚜(Macrosiphum rosae);二点叶蜂(Macrosteles facifrons);突眼长蝽属种(Mahanarvaspp.);高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari);Metcalfiella属种;Metcalfa pruinosa;麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum);黑缘平翅斑蚜(Monellia costalis);Monelliopsispecanis;瘤蚜属种(Myzus spp.),例如冬葱蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、梅瘤蚜(Myzuscerasi)、女贞瘤蚜(Myzus ligustri)、堇菜瘤蚜(Myzus ornatus)、桃蚜(Myzuspersicae)、烟蚜(Myzus nicotianae);莴苣衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribisnigri);新马氏粉虱属种(Neomaskellia spp.);黑尾叶蝉属种(Nephotettix spp.),例如黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)、二条斑黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix nigropictus);Nettigoniclla spectra;稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens);Oncometopia属种;Ortheziapraelonga;中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis);Pachypsylla属种;杨梅粉虱(Parabemisiamyricae);木虱属种(Paratrioza spp.),例如马铃薯木虱(Paratrioza cockerelli);片盾蚧属种(Parlatoria spp.);瘿绵蚜属种(Pemphigus spp.),例如囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigusbursarius)、Pemphigus populivenae;玉米蜡蝉(Peregrinus maidis);扁角飞虱属种(Perkinsiella spp.);绵粉蚧属种(Phenacoccus spp.),例如苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Phenacoccus madeirensis);杨平翅绵蚜(Phloeomyzus passerinii);忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli);葡萄根瘤蚜属种(Phylloxera spp.),例如Phylloxera devastatrix、Phylloxera notabilis;苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Pinnaspis aspidistrae);臀纹粉蚧属种(Planococcus spp.),例如枯臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus citri);Prosopidopsylla flava;梨形原绵蚧(Protopulvinaria pyriformis);桑白盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona);粉蚧属种(Pseudococcus spp.),例如嗜桔粉蚧(Pseudococcus calceolariae)、康氏粉蚧(Pseudococcus comstocki)、长尾粉蚧(Pseudococcus longispinus)、葡萄粉蚧(Pseudococcus maritimus)、暗色粉蚧(Pseudococcus viburni);Psyllopsis属种;木虱属种(Psylla spp.),例如黄杨木虱(Psylla buxi)、苹果木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psyllapyri);金小蜂属种(Pteromalus spp.);梭梭绵蚧属种(Pulvinaria spp.);Pyrilla属种;笠圆盾蚧属种(Quadraspidiotus spp.),例如胡桃圆盾蚧(Quadraspidiotusjuglansregiae)、Quadraspidiotusostreaeformis、梨圆盾蚧(Quadraspidiotusperniciosus);Quesada gigas;平刺粉蚧属种(Rastrococcus spp.);缢管蚜属种(Rhopalosiphum spp.),例如玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、苹草缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、红腹缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale);黑盔蚧属种(Saissetia spp.),例如咖啡黑盔蚧(Saissetia coffeae)、Saissetia miranda、Saissetia neglecta、橄榄黑盔蚧(Saissetiaoleae);葡萄带叶蝉(Scaphoideus titanus);麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum);苏铁刺圆盾蚧(Selenaspidus articulatus);Sipha flava;麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae);长唇基飞虱属种(Sogata spp.);白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera);稻飞风属种(Sogatodes spp.);三角蝶(Stictocephala festina);树粉虱(Siphoninus phillyreae);Tenalapharamalayensis;Tetragonocephela属种;美洲山核桃长斑蚜(Tinocallis caryaefoliae);广胸沫蝉属种(Tomaspis spp.);声蚜属种(Toxoptera spp.),例如小桔蚜(Toxopteraaurantii)、大桔蚜(Toxoptera citricidus);温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum);尖翅木虱属种(Trioza spp.),例如柿木虱(Trioza diospyri);小叶蝉属种(Typhlocybaspp.);尖盾蚧属种(Unaspis spp.);葡萄根瘤虱(Viteus vitifolii);么叶蝉属种(Zyginaspp.);
来自异翅亚目(Heteroptera)的害虫,例如,麦蝽属种(Aelia spp.);南瓜缘蝽(Anasa tristis);拟丽蝽属种(Antestiopsis spp.);Boisea属种;土长蝽属种(Blissusspp.);俊盲蝽属种(Calocoris spp.);斑腿微刺盲蝽(Campylomma livida);异背长蝽属种(Cavelerius spp.);臭虫属种(Cimex spp.),例如Cimex adjunctus、热带臭虫(Cimexhemipterus)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、蝠臭虫(Cimex pilosellus);白瓣麦寄蝇属种(Collaria spp.);绿盲蝽(Creontiades dilutus);胡椒缘蝽(Dasynus piperis);Dichelops furcatus;厚氏长棒网蝽(Diconocoris hewetti);棉红蝽属种(Dysdercusspp.);美洲蝽属种(Euschistus spp.),例如英雄美洲蝽(Euschistus heros)、褐臭蝽(Euschistus servus)、三色美洲蝽(Euschistus tristigmus)、广斑臭蝽(Euschistusvariolarius);菜蝽属种(Eurydema spp.);扁盾蝽属种(Eurygaster spp.);茶翅蝽(Halyomorpha halys);刺盲蝽属种(Heliopeltis spp.);Horcias nobilellus;稻缘蝽属种(Leptocorisa spp.);异稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa varicornis);Leptoglossusoccidentalis;叶足缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus);丽盲蝽属种(Lygocoris spp.),例如原丽盲蝽(Lygocoris pabulinus);草盲蝽属种(Lygus spp.),例如Lygus elisus、豆荚盲蝽(Lygus hesperus)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris);蔗黑长蝽(Macropes excavatus);筛豆龟蝽(Megacopta cribraria);盲蝽科(Miridae);黑摩盲蝽(Monalonion atratum);绿蝽属种(Nezara spp.),例如稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula);小长蝽属种(Nysius spp.);稻蝽属种(Oebalus spp.);Pentomidae;方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata);壁蝽属种(Piezodorusspp.),例如盖德拟壁蝽(Piezodorus guildinii);杂盲蝽属种(Psallus spp.);Pseudacysta persea;长红猎蝽属种(Rhodnius spp.);可可褐盲蝽(Sahlbergellasingularis);Scaptocoris castanea;黑蝽属种(Scotinophora spp.);梨冠网蝽(Stephanitis nashi);Tibraca属种;锥猎蝽属种(Triatoma spp.);
来自膜翅目(Hymenoptera)的害虫,例如,顶切叶蚁属种(Acromyrmex spp.);菜叶蜂属种(Athalia spp.),例如黄翅菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae);切叶蚁属种(Atta spp.);弓背蚁属种(Camponotus spp.);长黄胡蜂属(Dolichovespula spp.);松叶蜂属种(Diprionspp.),例如类欧松叶蜂(Diprion similis);实叶蜂属种(Hoplocampa spp.),例如樱实叶蜂(Hoplocampa cookei)、苹叶蜂(Hoplocampa testudinea);毛蚁属种(Lasius spp.);阿根廷蚁(Linepithema(Iridiomyrmex)humile);小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis);立毛蚁属种(Paratrechina spp.);Paravespula属种;斜结蚁属种(Plagiolepis spp.);树蜂属种(Sirex spp.);红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta);蚁属种(Tapinoma spp.);白足狡臭蚁(Technomyrmex albipes);树蜂属种(Urocerus spp.);胡蜂属种(Vespa spp.),例如黄边胡蜂(Vespa crabro);小火蚁(Wasmannia
auropunctata);黑树蜂属种(Xeris spp.);
来自等足目(Isopoda)的害虫,例如,鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)、栉水虱(Oniscus asellus)、球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber);
来自等翅目(Isoptera)的害虫,例如,家白蚁属种(Coptotermes spp.),例如台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus);堆角白蚁(Cornitermes cumulans);堆砂白蚁属种(Cryptotermes spp.);楹白蚁属种(Incisitermes spp.);木白蚁属种(Kalotermesspp.);稻麦小白蚁(Microtermes obesi);象白蚁属种(Nasutitermis spp.);土白蚁属种(Odontotermes spp.);洞白蚁属种(Porotermes spp.);散白蚁属种(Reticulitermesspp.),例如黄肢散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、西方散白蚁(Reticulitermeshesperus);
来自鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)的害虫,例如,小蜡螟(Achroia grisella);桑剑纹夜蛾(Acronicta major);褐带卷蛾属种(Adoxophyes spp.),例如棉褐带卷蛾(Adoxophyesorana);烦夜蛾(Aedia leucomelas);地老虎属种(Agrotis spp.),例如黄地老虎(Agrotissegetum)、小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon);波纹夜蛾属种(Alabama spp.),例如棉叶波纹夜蛾(Alabama argillacea);脐橙螟蛾(Amyelois transitella);条麦蛾属种(Anarsiaspp.);干煞夜蛾属种(Anticarsia spp.),例如大豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis);条小卷蛾属种(Argyroploce spp.);丫蚊夜蛾属种(Autographa spp.);甘蓝夜蛾(Barathrabrassicae);苹髓尖蛾(Blastodacna atra);籼弄蝶(Borbo cinnara);棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella);松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius);蛀褐夜蛾属种(Busseolaspp.);卷叶蛾属种(Cacoecia spp.);茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora);烟卷蛾(Capuareticulana);苹果蠹蛾(Carpocapsa pomonella);桃柱果蛾(Carposina niponensis);冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata);禾草螟属种(Chilo spp.),例如禾草螟(Chiloplejadellus)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis);苹果舞蛾(Choreutis pariana);色卷蛾属种(Choristoneura spp.);锞蚊夜蛾(Chrysodeixis chalcites);葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysiaambiguella);纵卷叶野螟属种(Cnaphalocerus spp.);稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocismedinalis);云卷蛾属种(Cnephasia spp.);细蛾属种(Conopomorpha spp.);球颈象属种(Conotrachelus spp.);Copitarsia属种;小卷蛾属种(Cydia spp.),例如豌豆小卷蛾(Cydia nigricana)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydia pomonella);Dalaca noctuides;绢野螟属种(Diaphania spp.);Diparopsis属种;小蔗螟(Diatraea saccharalis);钻夜蛾属种(Earias spp.);Ecdytolopha aurantium;南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus);非洲蔗螟(Eldana saccharina);粉斑螟属种(Ephestia spp.),例如烟草粉斑螟(Ephestiaelutella)、地中海粉斑螟(Ephestia kuehniella);叶小卷蛾属种(Epinotia spp.);苹淡褐卷蛾(Epiphyas postvittana);落叶松尺娥属种(Erannis spp.);亚洲胡桃蛾(Erschoviella musculana);荚斑螟属种(Etiella spp.);艳叶夜蛾属种(Eudocimaspp.);棕卷蛾属种(Eulia spp.);女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella);黄毒蛾属种(Euproctis spp.),例如黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea);切夜蛾属种(Euxoa spp.);脏切夜蛾属种(Feltia spp.);大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella);细蛾属种(Gracillariaspp.);小食心虫属种(Grapholitha spp.),例如梨小食心虫(Grapholita molesta)、杏小食心虫(Grapholita prunivora);蚀叶野螟属种(Hedylepta spp.);铃夜蛾属种(Helicoverpa spp.),例如棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)、玉米穗虫(Helicoverpazea);实夜蛾属种(Heliothis spp.),例如烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens);褐织蛾(Hofmannophila pseudospretella);同斑螟属种(Homoeosoma spp.);长卷蛾属种(Homonaspp.);苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta padella);柿举枝蛾(Kakivoria flavofasciata);亮灰蝶属种(Lampides spp.);贪夜蛾属种(Laphygma spp.);梨小食心虫(Laspeyresiamolesta);茄黄斑螟蛾(Leucinodes orbonalis);潜叶蛾属种(Leucoptera spp.),例如咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella);潜叶细蛾属种(Lithocolletis spp.),例如苹果斑幕潜叶蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella);绿果冬夜蛾(Lithophane antennata);花翅小卷蛾属种(Lobesia spp.),例如葡萄花翅小卷蛾(Lobesia botrana);白缘豆夜蛾(Loxagrotis albicosta);毒蛾属种(Lymantria spp.),例如舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar);潜蛾属种(Lyonetia spp.),例如桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella);黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria);豆荚野螟(Maruca testulalis);甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestrabrassicae);暮眼蝶(Melanitis leda);毛胫夜蛾属种(Mocis spp.);Monopis obviella;东方粘虫(Mythimna separata);橡长角蛾(Nemapogon cloacellus);水螟属种(Nymphulaspp.);Oiketicus属种;Omphisa属种;秋尺蛾属种(Operophtera spp.);麦秆夜蛾属种(Oria spp.);瘤丛螟属种(Orthaga spp.);秆野螟属种(Ostrinia spp.),例如欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis);小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea);稻弄蝶属种(Parnara spp.);红铃麦蛾属种(Pectinophora spp.),例如棉红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella);潜跳甲属种(Perileucoptera spp.);块茎蛾属种(Phthorimaea spp.),例如马铃薯块茎蛾(Phthorimaea operculella);桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella);小潜细蛾属种(Phyllonorycter spp.),例如斑幕潜叶蛾(Phyllonorycter blancardella)、山楂潜叶蛾(Phyllonorycter crataegella);菜粉蝶属种(Pieris spp.),例如菜粉蝶(Pierisrapae);荷兰石竹小卷蛾(Platynota stultana);印度谷蛾(Plodia interpunctella);金翅夜蛾属种(Plusia spp.);小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)(=Plutella maculipennis);小白巢蛾属种(Prays spp.);斜纹夜蛾属种(Prodenia spp.);烟草天蛾属种(Protoparcespp.);粘虫属种(Pseudaletia spp.),例如一星粘虫(Pseudaletia unipuncta);大豆尺夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens);玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis);薄荷灰夜蛾(Rachiplusianu);禾螟属种(Schoenobius spp.),例如三化螟(Schoenobius bipunctifer);白禾螟属种(Scirpophaga spp.),例如稻白螟(Scirpophaga innotata);黄地老虎(Scotia segetum);蛀茎夜蛾属种(Sesamia spp.),例如大螟(Sesamia inferens);长须卷蛾属种(Sparganothis spp.);灰翅夜蛾属种(Spodoptera spp.),例如Spodoptera eradiana、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、Spodopterapraefica;举肢蛾属种(Stathmopoda spp.);Stenoma属种;花生麦蛾(Stomopteryxsubsecivella);透翅蛾属种(Synanthedon spp.);安第斯马铃薯块茎蛾(Teciasolanivora);带蛾属种(Thaumetopoea spp.);大豆夜蛾(Thermesia gemmatalis);木塞谷蛾(Tinea cloacella)、袋谷蛾(Tinea pellionella);幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella);栎绿卷蛾属种(Tortrix spp.);毛毡衣蛾(Trichophaga tapetzella);粉夜蛾属种(Trichoplusia spp.),例如粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni);三化螟(Tryporyzaincertulas);番茄斑潜蝇(Tuta absoluta);灰蝶属种(Virachola spp.);
来自直翅目(Orthoptera)或跳跃目(Saltatoria)的害虫,例如,家蟋蟀(Achetadomesticus);Dichroplus属种;蝼蛄属种(Gryllotalpa spp.),例如欧洲蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa);蔗蝗属种(Hieroglyphus spp.);飞蝗属种(Locusta spp.),例如东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria);黑蝗属种(Melanoplus spp.),例如Melanoplusdevastator;Paratlanticus ussuriensis;沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria);
来自虱目(Phthiraptera)的害虫,例如,畜虱属种(Damalinia spp.)、血虱属种(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属种(Linognathus spp.)、虱属种(Pediculus spp.)、根瘤蚜(Phylloera vastatrix)、阴虱(Phthirus pubis)、啮毛虱属种(Trichodectes spp.);
来自啮虫目(Psocoptera)的害虫,例如,粉啮虫属种(Lepinotus spp.)、书虱属种(Liposcelis spp.);
来自蚤目(Siphonaptera)的害虫,例如,角叶蚤属种(Ceratophyllus spp.);栉首蚤属种(Ctenocephalides spp.),例如犬栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、猫栉头蚤(Ctenocephalides felis);跳蚤(Pulex irritans);穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans);印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopsis);
来自缨翅目((Zygentoma=(缨翅目)Thysanoptera))的害虫,例如,玉米黄呆蓟马(Anaphothrips obscurus);稻蓟马(Baliothrips biformis);Chaetanaphothripsleeuweni;葡萄镰蓟马(Drepanothrips reuteri);Enneothrips flavens;花蓟马属种(Frankliniella spp.),例如烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、西花蓟马(Frankliniellaoccidentalis)、苏花蓟马(Frankliniella schultzei)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniellatritici)、越桔花蓟马(Frankliniella vaccinii)、威廉期花蓟马(Frankliniellawilliamsi);稻管蓟马属种(Haplothrips spp.);阳蓟马属种(Heliothrips spp.);温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothrips femoralis);卡蓟马属种(Kakothrips spp.);葡萄蓟马(Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus);硬蓟马属种(Scirtothrips spp.);小豆蘧带蓟马(Taeniothrips cardamomi);蓟马属种(Thripsspp.),例如棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)、葱蓟马(Thrips tabaci);
来自衣鱼目(Zygentoma)(=缨尾目(Thysanura))的害虫,例如,栉衣鱼属种(Ctenolepisma spp.)、蠹鱼(Lepisma saccharina)、衣鱼(Lepismodes inquilinus)、小灶衣鱼(Thermobia domestica);
来自综合纲(Symphyla)的害虫,例如,么蚰属种(Scutigerella spp.),例如无斑点幺蚰(Scutigerella immaculata);
来自软体动物门(Mollusca),例如双壳纲(Bivalvia)的害虫,例如,贻贝属种(Dreissena spp.);
以及来自腹足纲(Gastropoda)的害虫,例如,阿勇蛞蝓属种(Arion spp.),例如黑蛞蝓(Arion ater rufus);双脐螺属种(Biomphalaria spp.);泡螺属种(Bulinus spp.);野蛞蝓属种(Deroceras spp.),例如光滑野蛞蝓(Deroceras laeve);土蜗属种(Galbaspp.);椎实螺属种(Lymnaea spp.);钉螺属种(Oncomelania spp.);福寿螺属种(Pomaceaspp.);琥珀螺属种(Succinea spp.);
来自线虫动物门(Nematoda)的植物害虫,即植物寄生性线虫,特别是野外垫刃属种(Aglenchus spp.),例如居农野外垫刃线虫(Aglenchus agricola);粒线虫属种(Anguina spp.),例如小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici);滑刃线虫属种(Aphelenchoidesspp.),例如花生滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides arachidis)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoidesfragariae);刺线虫属种(Belonolaimus spp.),例如细小刺线虫(Belonolaimusgracilis)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)、诺顿刺线虫(Belonolaimusnortoni);伞滑刃线虫属种(Bursaphelenchus spp.),例如椰子红环腐线虫(Bursaphelenchus cocophilus)、荒漠伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus eremus)、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus);坏死线虫属种(Cacopaurus spp.),例如瘟疫坏死线虫(Cacopaurus pestis);小环线虫属种(Criconemella spp.),例如弯曲小环线虫(Criconemella curvata)、俄尼小环线虫(Criconemella onoensis)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、Criconemella rusium、薄叶小环线虫(Criconemella xenoplax)(=Mesocriconema xenoplax);轮线虫属种(Criconemoides spp.),例如弗尼亚轮线虫(Criconemoides ferniae)、Criconemoides onoense、Criconemoides ornatum;双垫刃属种(Ditylenchus spp.),例如续断双垫刃线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci);锥线虫属种(Dolichodorus spp.);球异皮线虫属种(Globodera spp.),例如马铃薯白线虫(Globoderapallida)、马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis);螺旋线虫属种(Helicotylenchusspp.),例如双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera);半轮线虫属种(Hemicriconemoides spp.);鞘线虫属种(Hemicycliophora spp.);异皮线虫属种(Heterodera spp.),例如燕麦异皮线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆异皮线虫(Heteroderaglycines)、甜菜异皮线虫(Heterodera schachtii);潜根线虫属种(Hirschmaniellaspp.);纽带线虫属种(Hoplolaimus spp.);长针线虫属种(Longidorus spp.),例如非洲长针线虫(Longidorusafricanus);根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne spp.),例如哥伦比亚根结线虫(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、伪根结线虫(Meloidogyne fallax)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita);Meloinema属种;珍珠线虫属种(Nacobbus spp.);拟茎线虫属种(Neotylenchus spp.);拟长针线虫属种(Paralongidorus spp.);拟滑刃线虫属种(Paraphelenchus spp.);拟毛刺线虫属种(Paratrichodorus spp.),例如较小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor);针线虫属种(Paratylenchus spp.);短体线虫属种(Pratylenchus spp.),例如穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans);Pseudohalenchus属种;平滑垫刃属种(Psilenchus spp.);斑皮胞囊线虫属种(Punctodera spp.);五沟线虫属种(Quinisulcius spp.);穿孔线虫属种(Radopholus spp.),例如柑橘穿孔线虫(Radopholus citrophilus)、香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis);肾型线虫属种(Rotylenchulus spp.);盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchus spp.);盾线虫属种(Scutellonema spp.);亚蛇形线虫属种(Subanguinaspp.);毛刺线虫属种(Trichodorus spp.),例如短粗根毛刺线虫(Trichodorus obtusus)、原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus);矮化线虫属种(Tylenchorhynchus spp.),例如饰环矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus annulatus);半穿刺线虫属(Tylenchulus spp.),例如柑橘半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans);剑线虫属种(Xiphinema spp.),例如标准剑线虫(Xiphinema index)。
在一定的浓度或施用率下,式(I)的化合物还可任选地用作除草剂、安全剂、生长调节剂或用于改善植物特性的试剂,用作杀微生物剂或杀配子剂,例如用作杀真菌剂、抗霉菌剂、杀细菌剂、杀病毒剂(包括抵抗类病毒的试剂)或用作抗MLO(类支原体生物)和RLO(类立克次氏体生物)的试剂。视情况而定,它们还可用作用于合成其他活性成分的中间体或前体。
制剂
本发明还涉及作为农药的包含至少一种式(I)的化合物的制剂和由其制备的使用形式,例如浇灌、滴注和喷洒液体。任选地,所述使用形式还包含其他农药和/或具有改善作用的佐剂,如渗透剂,例如植物油(如油菜籽油、葵花籽油)、矿物油(如石蜡油)、植物脂肪酸的烷基酯(如菜籽油甲酯或大豆油甲酯)或烷醇烷氧基化物;和/或展着剂(spreader),例如烷基硅氧烷和/或盐(例如有机或无机铵盐或鏻盐,如硫酸铵或磷酸氢二铵);和/或保持促进剂,例如磺基琥珀酸二辛酯或羟丙基瓜儿胶聚合物;和/或保湿剂,例如甘油;和/或肥料,例如含铵、钾或磷的肥料。
常规的制剂为例如水溶性液体剂(SL)、乳液浓缩剂(EC)、水乳剂(EW)、悬浮浓缩剂(SC、SE、FS、OD)、水分散性颗粒剂(WG)、颗粒剂(GR)和胶囊浓缩剂(CS);这些和其他可能的制剂类型例如由国际作物生命组织(Crop Life International)记载并描述于以下文献中:农药标准(Pesticide Specifications)、联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织农药标准开发与使用手册(Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications forpesticides)、联合国粮农组织植物生产与保护文件-173(FAO Plant Production andProtection Papers–173)(由联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织关于农药标准的联合会制订,2004FF0CISBN:9251048576)。除一种或多种式(I)的化合物外,所述制剂还任选地包含其他农用化学活性化合物。
优选包含下述物质的制剂或使用形式:助剂,例如填充剂、溶剂、自发性促进剂、载体、乳化剂、分散剂、防冻剂、杀生物剂、增稠剂;和/或其他助剂,例如佐剂。在本上下文中,佐剂为增强制剂的生物效应的组分,而该组分本身不具有任何生物效应。佐剂的实例为促进保留、铺展、附着到叶子表面或渗透的试剂。
这些制剂以已知方式制备,例如通过将式(I)的化合物与助剂混合而制备,所述助剂为例如填充剂、溶剂和/或固体载体和/或其他助剂如表面活性剂。所述制剂在合适的设施中制备,或在施用之前或施用过程中制备。
使用的助剂可为适合于将特定的特性(如某些物理、技术和/或生物特性)赋予式(I)的化合物的制剂或由这些制剂制得的使用形式(例如即用型农药,如喷雾液体或拌种产品)的物质。
合适的填充剂为例如水、极性和非极性有机化学液体,例如选自芳族烃和非芳族烃(如石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、氯苯)、醇和多元醇(如果合适,其还可被取代、醚化和/或酯化)、酮(如丙酮、环己酮)、酯(包括脂肪和油)和(聚)醚、简单的胺和取代的胺、酰胺、内酰胺(如N-烷基吡咯烷酮)以及内酯、砜和亚砜(如二甲基亚砜)。
如果使用的填充剂为水,则还可使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。有用的液体溶剂主要为:芳族化合物,如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳族烃或氯代脂族烃,如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,如环己烷或石蜡,例如矿物油馏分、矿物油和植物油;醇,如丁醇或乙二醇以及它们的醚和酯;酮,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜;以及水。
原则上,可以使用所有合适的溶剂。合适的溶剂的实例为芳族烃,如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳族烃或氯代脂族烃,如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,如环己烷、石蜡、石油馏分、矿物油和植物油;醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇或乙二醇,以及它们的醚和酯;酮,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,如二甲基亚砜;以及水。
原则上,可以使用所有合适的载体。可用的载体尤其包括:例如,铵盐和天然的细磨岩石,如高岭土、矾土、滑石、白垩、石英、绿坡缕石、蒙脱石或硅藻土;以及合成的细磨岩石,如高度分散的二氧化硅、氧化铝和天然或合成的硅酸盐、树脂、蜡和/或固体肥料。同样可使用所述载体的混合物。用于颗粒剂的有用的载体包括:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石,如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石、白云石;以及无机和有机粉的合成颗粒;以及有机材料的颗粒,如锯屑、纸、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草秆。
还可使用液化的气态填充剂或溶剂。特别合适的填充剂或载体是在标准温度和大气压力下为气态的那些,例如气溶胶喷射剂(aerosol propellant),如卤代烃,以及丁烷、丙烷、氮气和二氧化碳。
具有离子或非离子特性的乳化剂和/或发泡剂、分散剂或润湿剂或这些表面活性物质的混合物的实例为:聚丙烯酸的盐;木素磺酸的盐;苯酚磺酸的盐或萘磺酸的盐;环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或与脂肪酸或与脂肪胺的缩聚物、环氧乙烷与取代的酚(优选烷基酚或芳基酚)的缩聚物;磺基琥珀酸酯的盐;牛磺酸衍生物(优选牛磺酸烷基酯);聚乙氧基化醇或酚的磷酸酯;多元醇的脂肪酸酯;以及含有硫酸根、磺酸根和磷酸根的化合物的衍生物,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、蛋白质水解物、木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。如果式(I)的化合物之一和/或惰性载体之一不溶于水并且当施用是在水中进行时,则表面活性剂的存在是有利的。
可存在于制剂及由其获得的使用形式中的其他助剂包括染料,例如无机颜料如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝,和有机染料如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料;以及营养素和痕量营养素,例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
可存在的其他组分为稳定剂,例如低温稳定剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂或改进化学和/或物理稳定性的其他试剂。还可存在发泡剂(foam generator)或消泡剂。
此外,所述制剂和由其获得的使用形式还可包含以下物质作为另外的助剂:粘着剂(sticker),例如羧甲基纤维素以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然和合成聚合物如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,或天然磷脂如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,以及合成磷脂。其他助剂可为矿物油和植物油。
如果合适,所述制剂和由其获得的使用形式中还可存在其他助剂。这样的添加剂的实例为香料、保护胶体、粘合剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、保持促进剂、稳定剂、螯合剂、络合剂、保湿剂、展着剂。通常,式(I)的化合物可与通常用于制剂目的的任何固体或液体添加剂结合。
可用的保持促进剂包括所有那些降低动态表面张力的物质,例如磺基琥珀酸二辛酯;或提高粘弹性的所有那些物质,例如羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物。
在本上下文中,有用的渗透剂为所有那些通常用于增强活性农用化学成分向植物内渗透的物质。在本文中,渗透剂通过以下来定义:其从(通常为水性的)施用液体和/或从喷雾涂层渗透到植物的表皮,从而增加活性成分在表皮中的移动性的能力。可使用文献(Baur等人,1997,Pesticide Science 51,131-152)中记载的方法来测定此特性。实例包括醇烷氧基化物,如椰子脂肪乙氧基化物(10)或异十三烷基乙氧基化物(12);脂肪酸酯,例如菜籽油甲酯或大豆油甲酯;脂肪胺烷氧基化物,例如牛脂胺乙氧基化物(15);或铵盐和/或鏻盐,例如硫酸铵或磷酸氢二铵。
所述制剂优选包含0.00000001重量%至98重量%的式(I)的化合物,更优选0.01重量%至95重量%的式(I)的化合物,最优选0.5重量%至90重量%的式(I)的化合物,基于制剂的重量计。
在由所述制剂制得的使用形式(特别是农药)中,式(I)的化合物的含量可在宽范围内变化。在使用形式中,式(I)的化合物的浓度通常可为0.00000001重量%至95重量%的式(I)的化合物,优选为0.00001重量%至1重量%,基于使用形式的重量计。施用以适合于使用形式的常规方式进行。
混合物
式(I)的化合物还可与一种或多种合适的以下物质以混合物的形式使用:杀真菌剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、杀软体动物剂、杀线虫剂、杀虫剂、微生物试剂、有益生物、除草剂、肥料、驱鸟剂、植物性毒素(phytotonic)、止繁殖剂、安全剂、化学信息素和/或植物生长调节剂,从而由此例如拓宽作用谱、延长作用周期、提高作用速率、防止排斥或防止抗性发展。此外,这类活性成分结合物可改善植物生长和/或对非生物因素(例如高温或低温、干旱或高的含水量或土壤盐度)的耐受性。还可改善开花和结果性能、优化发芽能力和根系发育、促进采收并提高产量、影响熟化、改善采收产品的品质和/或营养价值、延长采收产品的储存期和/或改善其可加工性。
此外,式(I)的化合物可以与其他活性化合物或化学信息素如引诱剂和/或驱鸟剂和/或植物激活剂和/或生长调节剂和/或肥料以混合物的形式存在。同样地,式(I)的化合物可用于改善植物性能例如生长、采收物的产量和品质。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方案中,在制剂或由这些制剂制备的使用形式中,式(I)的化合物与其他化合物,优选下文所述的那些化合物以混合物的形式存在。
如果下述化合物之一可以以不同的互变异构形式存在,则这些形式也包括在内,即便没有在各种情况下被明确提及。视情况而定,所提及的所有混合组分也可以与合适的碱或酸形成盐,条件是它们基于其官能团能够与合适的碱或酸形成盐。
杀虫剂/杀螨剂/杀线虫剂
本文中以其通用名称所指定的活性化合物是已知的,并且记载于例如“农药手册”(“The Pesticide Manual”),第16版,British Crop Protection Council 2012中,或者可在互联网(例如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)上检索到。分类是基于在提交该专利申请的时候适用的IRAC模式的作用分类表(IRAC Mode of Action ClassificationScheme)。
(1)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂,例如氨基甲酸酯类,例如棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮砜威(butoxycarboxim)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、克百威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulphan)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、伐虫脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、甲硫威(methiocarb)、灭多威(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、杀线威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、灭除威(XMC)和灭杀威(xylylcarb);或有机磷酸酯类,例如乙酰甲胺磷(acephate)、甲基吡噁磷(azamethiphos)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、甲基谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、甲基毒死蜱(chloropyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏/DDVP(dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、苯硫磷(EPN)、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭线磷(ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、噻唑磷(fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、imicyafos、异柳磷(isofenphos)、邻-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯(isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate)、异噁唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、亚砜磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、甲基对硫磷(parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、甲基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、胺丙畏(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁硫磷(terbufos)、司替罗磷(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、triclorfon和蚜灭磷(vamidothion)。
(2)GABA门控氯离子通道阻断剂,例如环戊二烯有机氯类,例如氯丹(chlordane)和硫丹(endosulfan);或苯基吡唑类(fiproles),例如乙虫腈(ethiprole)和氟虫腈(fipronil)。
(3)钠通道调节剂,例如拟除虫菊酯(pyrethroid)类,例如氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、烯丙菊酯(allethrin)、d-顺-反烯丙菊酯(d-cis-trans allethrin)、d-反烯丙菊酯(d-trans allethrin)、联苯菊酯(bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、生物烯丙菊酯S-环戊烯基异构体、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、λ-氟氯氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、γ-氟氯氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、θ-氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯[(1R)-反式异构体](cyphenothrin[(1R)-trans isomers])、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、烯炔菊酯[(EZ)-(1R)异构体](empenthrin[(EZ)-(1R)isomers])、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、苄螨醚(halfenprox)、炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin)、噻嗯菊酯(kadethrin)、momfluorothrin、苄氯菊酯(permethrin)、苯醚菊酯[(1R)-反式异构体](phenothrin[(1R)-trans isomer])、炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊酯(除虫菊)(pyrethrins(pyrethrum))、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、胺菊酯[(1R)异构体)]、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)和四氟苯菊酯(transfluthrin);或DDT;或甲氧氯(methoxychlor)。
(4)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)竞争调节剂,例如新烟碱类(neonicotinoids),例如啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam);或尼古丁(nicotine);或氟啶虫胺腈(sulfoxaflor);或氟吡呋喃酮(flupyradifurone)。
(5)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构调节剂,例如多杀菌素类(spinosyns),例如乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram)和多杀菌素(spinosad)。
(6)谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(GluCl)变构调节剂,例如阿维菌素类(avermectins)/米尔倍霉素类(milbemycins),例如阿维菌素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)和弥拜菌素(milbemectin)。
(7)保幼激素模拟物,例如保幼激素类似物,例如烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)和烯虫酯(methoprene);或苯氧威(fenoxycarb);或吡丙醚(pyriproxyfen)。
(8)各种非特异性(多位点)抑制剂,例如烷基卤化物,例如溴甲烷和其他烷基卤化物;或氯化苦(chloropicrin);或硫酰氟(sulfuryl fluoride);或硼砂;或吐酒石;或异氰酸甲酯发生剂,例如diazomet和威百亩(metam)。
(9)弦音器官调节剂,例如吡蚜酮(pymetrozine)或氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamide)。
(10)螨生长抑制剂,例如四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)和氟螨嗪(diflovidazin)或乙螨唑(etoxazole)。
(11)昆虫中肠膜微生物干扰剂,例如苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillusthuringiensis subspecies israelensis)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种(Bacillus thuringiensissubspecies kurstaki)、苏云金芽孢杆菌拟步行甲亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis),以及B.t.植物蛋白:Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry1A.105、Cry2Ab、VIP3A、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb、Cry34Ab1/35Ab1。
(12)线粒体ATP合成酶抑制剂,例如ATP干扰剂,例如丁醚脲(diafenthiuron);或有机锡化合物,例如三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)和苯丁锡(fenbutatinoxide);或克螨特(propargite);或四氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)。
(13)通过间断质子梯度的氧化磷酸化解偶联剂,例如虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)、二硝甲酚(DNOC)和氟虫胺(sulfluramid)。
(14)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体通道阻断剂,例如杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹盐酸盐(cartaphydrochloride)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)和杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)。
(15)0型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,例如双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlofluazuron)、二氟脲(diflubenzuron)、氟环脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、虱螨脲(lufenuron)、氟酰脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、氟苯脲(teflubenzuron)和杀铃脲(triflumuron)。
(16)1型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,例如噻嗪酮(buprofezin)。
(17)蜕皮干扰剂(尤其在双翅目的情况下),例如灭蝇胺(cyromazine)。
(18)蜕皮激素受体激动剂,例如环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)和虫酰肼(tebufenozide)。
(19)章鱼胺受体激动剂,例如双甲脒(amitraz)。
(20)线粒体复合物-III电子传递抑制剂,例如氟蚁腙(hydramethylnon)或灭螨醌(acequinocyl)或嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)。
(21)线粒体复合物-I电子传递抑制剂,例如METI杀螨剂,例如喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)和唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad),或鱼藤酮(rotenone)(鱼藤属(Derris))。
(22)压敏钠通道阻断剂,例如茚虫威(indoxacarb)或氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone)。
(23)乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,例如特窗酸和特特拉姆酸衍生物,例如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)和螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)。
(24)线粒体复合物-IV电子传递抑制剂,例如膦类,如磷化铝、磷化钙、膦和磷化锌;或氰化物,氰化钙,氰化钾和氰化钠。
(25)线粒体复合物-II电子传递抑制剂,例如β-酮腈衍生物,例如,腈吡螨酯(cyenopyrafen)和丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen)以及羧酰苯胺,例如pyflubumide。
(28)兰尼碱(ryanodine)受体调节剂,例如二酰胺,如氯虫苯甲酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)、溴氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)和氟虫双酰胺(flubendiamide)。
其他活性成分,例如啶喃环丙虫酯(afidopyropen)、阿福拉纳(afoxolaner)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、杀线噻唑(benclothiaz)、苯螨特(benzoximate)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、溴虫氟苯双酰胺(broflanilide)、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、氯丙烯菊酯(chloroprallethrin)、冰晶石(cryolite)、环溴虫酰胺(cyclaniliprole)、环氧虫啶(cycloxaprid)、氯氟氰虫酰胺(cyhalodiamide)、dicloromezotiaz、三氯杀螨醇(dicofol)、ε-甲氟菊酯,ε-氟氯菊酯、flometoquin、三氟咪啶酰胺(fluazaindolizine)、氟噻虫砜(fluensulfone)、嘧虫胺(flufenerim)、氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin)、丁烯氟虫腈(flufiprole)、氰基硫醚类杀虫剂(fluhexafon)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、氟雷拉纳(fluralaner)、fluxametamide、呋喃虫酰肼(fufenozide)、戊吡虫胍(guadipyr)、heptafluthrin、氯噻啉(imidaclothiz)、异菌脲(iprodione)、κ-联苯菊酯(kappa bifenthrin)、κ-氟氯氰菊酯(kappa tefluthrin)、lotilaner、氯氟醚菊酯(meperfluthrin)、哌虫啶(paichongding)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、pyrifluquinazon、嘧螨胺(pyriminostrobin)、spirobudiclofen、四氟醚菊酯(tetramethylfluthrin)、氟氰虫酰胺(tetraniliprole)、四氯虫酰胺(tetrachlorantraniliprole)、tioxazafen、thiofluoximate、三氟苯嘧啶(triflumezopyrim)和碘甲烷(iodomethane);以及另外基于坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)(I-1582,BioNeem,Votivo)的制剂,和下列化合物:1-{2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亚磺酰基]苯基}-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺(已知于WO2006/043635)(CAS 885026-50-6)、{1'-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-氟螺[吲哚-3,4'-哌啶]-1(2H)-基}(2-氯吡啶-4-基)甲酮(已知于WO2003/106457)(CAS637360-23-7)、2-氯-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]哌啶-4-基}-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]异烟酰胺(已知于WO2006/003494)(CAS 872999-66-1)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-4-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮(已知于WO 2010052161)(CAS1225292-17-0)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧代-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基碳酸乙酯(已知于EP 2647626)(CAS-1440516-42-6)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-5-氟嘧啶(已知于WO2004/099160)(CAS 792914-58-0)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3-氯苯基)嘧啶(已知于WO2003/076415)、PF1364(已知于JP2010/018586)(CAS登记号1204776-60-2)、N-[(2E)-1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]吡啶-2(1H)-亚基]-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺(已知于WO2012/029672)(CAS 1363400-41-2)、(3E)-3-[1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-吡啶亚基]-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-酮(已知于WO2013/144213)(CAS1461743-15-6)、N-[3-(苄基氨基甲酰基)-4-氯苯基]-1-甲基-3-(五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(已知于WO2010/051926)(CAS 1226889-14-0)、5-溴-4-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲基氨基甲酰基)苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺(已知于CN103232431)(CAS 1449220-44-3)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(顺-1-氧代-3-硫杂环丁烷基)苯甲酰胺、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(反-1-氧代-3-硫杂环丁烷基)苯甲酰胺和4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(顺-1-氧代-3-硫杂环丁烷基)苯甲酰胺(已知于WO 2013/050317A1)(CAS 1332628-83-7)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]丙酰胺、(+)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]丙酰胺和(-)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]丙酰胺(已知于WO 2013/162715 A2、WO 2013/162716 A2、US 2014/0213448 A1)(CAS 1477923-37-7)、5-[[(2E)-3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基]氨基]-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亚磺酰基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(已知于CN 101337937 A)(CAS 1105672-77-2)、3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲基氨基)硫代甲基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺、(Liudaibenjiaxuanan,已知于CN 103109816 A)(CAS 1232543-85-9);N-[4-氯-2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(氟甲氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(已知于WO 2012/034403 A1)(CAS 1268277-22-0)、N-[2-(5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(已知于WO 2011/085575 A1)(CAS 1233882-22-8)、4-[3-[2,6-二氯-4-[(3,3-二氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氧基]苯氧基]丙氧基]-2-甲氧基-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶(已知于CN 101337940 A)(CAS 1108184-52-6);(2E)-和2(Z)-2-[2-(4-氰基苯基)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基]-N-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]肼甲酰胺(已知于CN 101715774 A)(CAS 1232543-85-9);环丙烷羧酸3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基-4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯基酯(已知于CN 103524422 A)(CAS1542271-46-4);(4aS)-7-氯-2,5-二氢-2-[[(甲氧基羰基)[4-[(三氟甲基)硫代]苯基]氨基]羰基]茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]噁二嗪-4a(3H)-羧酸甲酯(已知于CN 102391261 A)(CAS1370358-69-2);6-脱氧-3-O-乙基-2,4-二-O-甲基-1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]苯基]氨基甲酸酯]-α-L-甘露吡喃糖(已知于US 2014/0275503 A1)(CAS 1181213-14-8);8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS 1253850-56-4)、(8-反式)-8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS933798-27-7)、(8-顺式)-8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(已知于WO 2007040280 A1、WO 2007040282 A1)(CAS934001-66-8)和N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硫代]丙酰胺(已知于WO 2015/058021 A1、WO 2015/058028 A1)(CAS 1477919-27-9)。
杀真菌剂
本文中以其通用名称指出的活性化合物是已知的,并且记载于例如“农药手册(Pesticide Manual)”(第16版,British Crop Protection Council)中或在互联网(例如:http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)上是可检索的。
视情况而定,在(1)至(15)类中提及的所有混合组分可以与合适的碱或酸形成盐,条件是基于其官能团能够与合适的碱或酸形成盐。视情况而定,在(1)至(15)类中提及的所有杀真菌混合组分可包括互变异构形式。
1)麦角固醇生物合成抑制剂,例如(1.001)环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、(1.002)苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、(1.003)氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、(1.004)环酰菌胺(fenhexamide)、(1.005)苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、(1.006)丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、(1.007)胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、(1.008)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、(1.009)粉唑醇(flutriafol)、(1.010)抑霉唑(imazalil)、(1.011)烯菌灵硫酸盐(imazalil sulphate)、(1.012)种菌唑(ipconazole)、(1.013)叶菌唑(metconazole)、(1.014)腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、(1.015)多效唑(paclobutrazole)、(1.016)咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、(1.017)丙环唑(propiconazole)、(1.018)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、(1.019)啶菌噁唑(pyrisoxazole)、(1.020)螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)、(1.021)戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、(1.022)四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、(1.023)唑菌醇(triadimenol)、(1.024)十三吗啉(tridemorph)、(1.025)灭菌唑(triticonazole)、(1.026)(1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.027)(1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.028)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇(1.029)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.030)(2R)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.031)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.032)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.033)(2S)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.034)(R)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.035)(S)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.036)[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.037)1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.038)1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.039)1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.040)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.041)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.042)2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.043)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.044)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.045)2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.046)2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.047)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.048)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.049)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.050)2-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.051)2-[2-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.052)2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.053)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.054)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)戊-2-醇、(1.055)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.056)2-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.057)2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.058)2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.059)5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.060)5-(烯丙基硫烷基)-1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.061)5-(烯丙基硫烷基)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.062)5-(烯丙基硫烷基)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.063)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]硫烷基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.064)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]硫烷基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.065)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)苯基]硫烷基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.066)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(五氟乙氧基)苯基]硫烷基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.067)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-四氟乙基)硫烷基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.068)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫烷基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.069)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-四氟丙基)硫烷基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.070)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(五氟乙基)硫烷基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.071)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.072)N'-(4-{[3-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]硫烷基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.073)N'-(4-{3-[(二氟甲基)硫烷基]苯氧基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.074)N'-[5-溴-6-(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基氧基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.075)N'-{4-[(4,5-二氯-1,3-噻唑-2-基)氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.076)N'-{5-溴-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.077)N'-{5-溴-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.078)N'-{5-溴-6-[(顺-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.079)N'-{5-溴-6-[(反-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.080)N'-{5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺。
2)复合物I或II中的呼吸链抑制剂,例如(2.001)苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、(2.002)联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、(2.003)啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、(2.004)萎锈灵(carboxin)、(2.005)氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、(2.006)氟酰胺(flutolanil)、(2.007)氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)、(2.008)呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、(2.009)异丙噻菌胺(isofetamid)、(2.010)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构对映体1R,4S,9S)、(2.011)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构对映体1S,4R,9R)、(2.012)吡唑萘菌胺(反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR)、(2.013)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS与反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)、(2.014)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映体1R,4S,9R)、(2.015)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构对映体1S,4R,9S)、(2.016)吡唑萘菌胺(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(2.017)戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、(2.018)吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、(2.019)氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)、(2.020)吡嗪酰胺(pyraziflumid)、(2.021)氟唑环菌胺(sedaxane)、(2.022)1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.023)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.024)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.025)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.026)2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)苯甲酰胺、(2.027)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.028)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.029)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.030)3-(二氟甲基)-N-(7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.031)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.032)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.033)5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]氧基}苯基)乙基]喹唑啉-4-胺、(2.034)N-(2-环戊基-5-氟苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.035)N-(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.036)N-(2-叔丁基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.037)N-(5-氯-2-乙基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.038)N-(5-氯-2-异丙基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.039)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.040)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.041)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.042)N-[2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.043)N-[3-氯-2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.044)N-[5-氯-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.045)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-N-[5-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.046)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-氟-6-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.047)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基-5-甲基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.048)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-硫代羧酰胺、(2.049)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.050)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(5-氟-2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.051)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-4,5-二甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.052)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-氟苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.053)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.054)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-氟苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.055)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-甲基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺、(2.056)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺。
3)复合物III中的呼吸链抑制剂,例如(3.001)唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、(3.002)吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)、(3.003)嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、(3.004)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、(3.005)丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)、(3.006)氰霜唑(Cyazofamid)、(3.007)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、(3.008)烯肟菌酯(enoxastrobin)、(3.009)噁唑菌酮(famoxadon)、(3.010)咪唑菌酮(fenamidon)、(3.011)氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin)、(3.012)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、(3.013)醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、(3.014)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、(3.015)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(3.016)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、(3.017)唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、(3.018)唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、(3.019)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、(3.020)肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、(3.021)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯基乙烯基]氧基}苯基)亚乙基]氨基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.022)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯酰胺、(3.023)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.024)(2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.025)(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[({3-[(异丁酰氧基)甲氧基]-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基}羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬烷(dioxonan)-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯、(3.026)2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.027)N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基)-3-甲酰胺基-2-羟基苯甲酰胺、(3.028)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-烯酰胺。
4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,例如(4.001)多菌灵(carbendazim)、(4.002)乙霉威(diethofencarb)、(4.003)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、(4.004)氟啶酰菌胺(fluopicolide)、(4.005)戊菌隆(pencycuron)、(4.006)噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、(4.007)甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、(4.008)苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、(4.009)3-氯-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基-5-苯基哒嗪、(4.010)3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、(4.011)3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪、(4.012)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.013)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.014)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.015)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.016)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.017)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.018)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.019)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.020)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.021)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.022)4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、(4.023)N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.024)N-(2-溴苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.025)N-(4-氯-2,6-二氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺。
5)具有多位点活性能力的化合物,例如(5.001)波尔多液(Bordeaux mixture)、(5.002)敌菌丹(captafol)、(5.003)克菌丹(captan)、(5.004)百菌清(chlorothalonil)、(5.005)氢氧化铜、(5.006)环烷酸铜、(5.007)氧化铜、(5.008)氧氯化铜(copperoxychloride)、(5.009)硫酸铜(2+)、(5.010)二氰蒽醌(dithianon)、(5.011)多果定(dodin)、(5.012)灭菌丹(folpet)、(5.013)代森锰锌(mancozeb)、(5.014)代森锰(maneb)、(5.015)代森联(metiram)、(5.016)代森联锌(zinc metiram)、(5.017)喹啉铜(copperoxine)、(5.018)丙森锌(propineb)、(5.019)包括多硫化钙(calcium polysulfide)的硫和硫制品、(5.020)福美双(thiram)、(5.021)代森锌(zineb)、(5.022)福美锌(ziram)。
6)能够诱导宿主防御的化合物,例如(6.001)苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、(6.002)异噻菌胺(isotianil)、(6.003)烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、(6.004)噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)。
7)氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,例如(7.001)环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、(7.002)春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、(7.003)春雷霉素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycinhydrochloride hydrate)、(7.004)氧四环素(oxytetracycline)、(7.005)嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、(7.006)3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉。
(8)ATP生成抑制剂,例如(8.001)硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)。
9)细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如(9.001)苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、(9.002)烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、(9.003)氟吗啉(flumorph)、(9.004)异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、(9.005)双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、(9.006)丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph)、(9.007)霜霉灭(valifenalate)、(9.008)(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(9.009)(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮。
10)脂质和膜合成抑制剂,例如(10.001)霜霉威(propamocarb)、(10.002)霜霉威盐酸盐(propamocarb hydrochloride)、(10.003)甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)。
11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,例如(11.001)三环唑(tricyclazole)、(11.002)2,2,2-三氟乙基{3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氨基]丁-2-基}氨基甲酸酯。
12)核酸合成抑制剂,例如(12.001)苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、(12.002)精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)(kiralaxyl)、(12.003)甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、(12.004)高效甲霜灵(精甲霜灵)(metalaxyl-M(mefenoxam))。
13)信号转导抑制剂,例如(13.001)咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、(13.002)异菌脲(iprodione)、(13.003)腐霉利(procymidone)、(13.004)丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、(13.005)喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、(13.006)乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)。
14)可用作解偶联剂的化合物,例如(14.001)氟啶胺(fluazinam)、(14.002)消螨多(meptyldinocap)。
15)其他化合物,例如(15.001)脱落酸(abscisic acid)、(15.002)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)、(15.003)bethoxazin、(15.004)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、(15.005)香芹酮(carvone)、(15.006)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、(15.007)硫杂灵(cufraneb)、(15.008)环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、(15.009)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、(15.010)环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulphamide)、(15.011)氟噻菌灵(flutianil)、(15.012)三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.013)三乙膦酸钙(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.014)三乙膦酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.015)异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、(15.016)苯菌酮(metrafenone)、(15.017)米多霉素(mildiomycin)、(15.018)纳他霉素(natamycin)、(15.019)二甲基二硫代氨基羧酸镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、(15.020)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.021)奥克斯莫卡宾(oxamocarb)、(15.022)氟噻唑吡乙酮(oxathiapiprolin)、(15.023)奥施康定(oxyfenthiin)、(15.024)五氯苯酚(pentachlorophenol)及其盐、(15.025)磷酸及其盐、(15.026)霜霉威乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(15.027)吡奥酚酮(pyriofenone)(chlazafenone)(15.028)特弗喹啉(tebufloquin)、(15.029)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、(15.030)甲磺菌胺(tolnifanide)、(15.031)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.032)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.033)2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.034)2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c:5,6-c']联吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮、(15.035)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.036)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氯-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.037)2-[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氟-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙酮、(15.038)2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.039)2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.040)2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.041)2-{2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]-6-氟苯基}丙-2-醇、(15.042)2-{2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧基]苯基}丙-2-醇、(15.043)2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.044)2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}苯基甲磺酸酯、(15.045)2-苯基苯酚及其盐、(15.046)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.047)3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.048)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互变异构形式:4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-酮)、(15.049)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]丁酸、(15.050)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.051)5-氯-N'-苯基-N'-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩2-磺酰肼、(15.052)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.053)5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.054)9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并氧杂吖庚因、(15.055)丁-3-炔-1-基{6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸酯、(15.056)(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯、(15.057)吩嗪-1-羧酸、(15.058)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯、(15.059)喹啉-8-醇、(15.060)喹啉-8-醇硫酸酯(2:1)、(15.061){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
作为混合组分的生物农药
式(I)的化合物可与生物农药结合。
生物农药尤其包括细菌、真菌、酵母、植物提取物和由微生物形成的产物,包括蛋白质和次级代谢产物。
生物农药包括以下细菌:例如,形成孢子的细菌、根部定殖细菌和用作生物杀虫剂、杀真菌剂或杀线虫剂的细菌。
用作或可用作生物农药的这类细菌的实例为:
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),菌株FZB42(DSM 231179);或蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),特别是蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株CNCM I-1562;或坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus),菌株I-1582(登录号CNCM I-1582);或短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus),特别是菌株GB34(登录号ATCC 700814)和菌株QST2808(登录号NRRL B-30087);或枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),特别是菌株GB03(登录号ATCC SD-1397);或枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713(登录号NRRL B-21661)或枯草芽孢杆菌菌株OST 30002(登录号NRRL B-50421);苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),特别是苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(血清型H-14),菌株AM65-52(登录号ATCC 1276);或苏云金芽孢杆菌鲇泽亚种,特别是菌株ABTS-1857(SD-1372),或苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种菌株HD-1,或苏云金芽孢杆菌tenebrionis亚种菌株NB 176(SD-5428);穿刺芽孢杆菌(Pasteuria penetrans);巴斯德氏芽菌属种(Pasteuria spp.)(肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode))-PR3(登录号ATCC SD-5834);细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)菌株AQ6121(=QRD31.013,NRRL B-50550);鲜黄链霉菌(Streptomyces galbus)菌株AQ 6047(登录号NRRL30232)。
用作或可用作生物农药的真菌和酵母的实例是:
球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana),特别是菌株ATCC 74040;盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans),特别是菌株CON/M/91-8(登录号DSM-9660);蜡蚧菌属种(Lecanicillium spp.),特别是菌株HRO LEC 12;蜡蚧轮枝菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)(曾用名:Verticillium lecanii),特别是菌株KV01;绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae),特别是菌株F52(DSM3884/ATCC 90448);核果梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia fructicola),特别是菌株NRRL Y-30752;玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)(现用名:Isariafumosorosea),特别是菌株IFPC 200613或菌株Apopka 97(登录号ATCC 20874);淡紫色拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus),特别是淡紫色拟青霉菌株251(AGAL 89/030550);黄色蠕形霉(Talaromyces flavus),特别是菌株V117b;深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride),特别是菌株SC1(登录号CBS 122089);哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum),特别是哈茨木霉菌(T.harzianum rifai)T39(登录号CNCM I-952)。
用作或可用作生物农药的病毒的实例是:
棉褐带卷蛾(Adoxophyes orana)(夏季水果卷叶蛾(summer fruit tortrix))颗粒体病毒(GV)、苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)(codling moth))颗粒体病病毒(GV)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)(cotton bollworm)核多角体病病毒(NPV)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)(beet armyworm)mNPV、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)(fallarmyworm)mNPV、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)(美国棉树叶虫(African cottonleafworm))NPV。
还包括作为“接种菌”添加到植物或植物部位或植物器官中的细菌和真菌,这些细菌和真菌通过其特定性质促进植物生长和植物健康。实例包括:
土壤杆菌属种(Agrobacterium spp.);茎瘤固氮根瘤菌(Azorhizobiumcaulinodans);固氮螺菌属种(Azospirillum spp.);固氮菌属种(Azotobacter spp.);慢生根瘤菌属种(Bradyrhizobium spp.);伯克霍尔德氏菌属种(Burkholderia spp.),尤其是洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)(曾用名:洋葱假单胞菌(Pseudomonascepacia));巨孢囊霉属种(Gigaspora spp.)或单孢巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora monosporum);球囊霉属种(Glomus spp.);蜡蘑属种(Laccaria spp.);布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillusbuchneri);类球囊霉属种(Paraglomus spp.);彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorus);假单胞菌属种(Pseudomonas spp.);根瘤菌属种(Rhizobium spp.),尤其是三叶草根瘤菌(Rhizobium trifolii);须腹菌属种(Rhizopogon spp.);硬皮马勃属种(Sclerodermaspp.);乳牛杆菌属种(Suillus spp.);链霉菌属种(Streptomyces spp.)。
用作或可用作生物农药的植物提取物和由微生物形成的产物(包括蛋白质和次级代谢产物)的实例为:
大蒜(Allium sativum);苦艾(Artemisia absinthium);印楝素(azadirachtin);Biokeeper WP;Cassia nigricans;苦皮藤(Celastrus angulatus);美洲土荆芥(Chenopodium anthelminticum);几丁质(chitin);Armour-Zen;欧洲鳞毛蕨(Dryopterisfilix-mas);问荆(Equisetum arvense);Fortune Aza;Fungastop;Heads Up(藜麦皂素(Chenopodium quinoa saponin)提取物);除虫菊/除虫菊素(pyrethrum/pyrethrins);苦木(Quassia amara);栎(Quercus);皂树(Quillaja);Regalia;“RequiemTM杀虫剂”;鱼藤酮(rotenone);鱼尼丁(ryania)/兰尼碱(ryanodine);聚合草(Symphytum officinale);菊蒿(Tanacetum vulgare);百里香酚(thymol);Triact 70;TriCon;大金莲花(Tropaeulummajus);大荨麻(Urtica dioica);藜芦碱(Veratrin);白槲寄生(Viscum album);十字花科(Brassicaceae)提取物,尤其是油菜油菜粉或芥末粉。
作为混合组分的安全剂
式(I)的化合物可与安全剂结合,所述安全剂为例如解草嗪(benoxacor)、解草酯(cloquintocet(-mexyl))、解草胺腈(cyometrinil)、环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulphamide)、二氯丙烯胺(dichlormid)、解草唑(fenchlorazole(-ethyl))、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草胺(flurazole)、氟草肟(fluxofenim)、解草噁唑(furilazole)、双苯噁唑酸(isoxadifen(-ethyl))、吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr(-diethyl))、萘二甲酸酐(naphthalic anhydride)、解草腈(oxabetrinil)、2-甲氧基-N-({4-[(甲基氨基甲酰基)氨基]苯基}磺酰基)苯甲酰胺(CAS129531-12-0)、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷(CAS 71526-07-3)、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷(CAS 52836-31-4)。
植物和植物部位
所有的植物和植物部位均可根据本发明进行处理。在本文中,植物应理解为意指所有的植物和植物种群,例如期望和不期望的野生植物或作物植物(包括天然存在的作物植物),例如谷物(小麦、稻、黑小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、甜菜、甘蔗、番茄、柿子椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、胡萝卜、西瓜、洋葱、莴苣、菠菜、韭菜、菜豆、甘蓝(Brassicaoleracea)(例如卷心菜)和其他蔬菜品种、棉花、烟草、油籽油菜以及结果植物(果实为苹果、梨、柑橘类果实和葡萄)。作物植物可为可通过常规育种和优化方法或通过生物技术和基因工程方法或这些方法的结合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物且包括可受和不受植物育种者权利保护的植物栽培种。植物应理解为意指所有发育阶段,例如种子、幼苗和幼小(未成熟)植物直至且包括成熟植物。植物部位应理解为意指植物的地上和地下的所有部位和器官,例如芽、叶、花及根,实例为叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、块茎及根茎。植物部位还包括采收的植物或采收的植物部位以及无性和有性繁殖材料,例如插条、块茎、根茎、幼枝(slip)和种子。
本发明利用式(I)的化合物对植物和植物部位进行的处理通过常规处理方法直接进行或使所述化合物作用于其环境、生境或贮存空间来进行,例如通过浸渍、喷雾、蒸发、弥雾(fogging)、散布(scattering)、涂抹、注入,并且在繁殖材料、尤其是在种子的情况下,还通过施用一层或多层包衣来进行。
如上所述,可根据本发明处理所有的植物及其部位。在一个优选的实施方案中,处理野生植物品种和植物栽培种,或处理通过常规生物育种方法如杂交或原生质体融合而得到的那些及其部位。在另一个优选的实施方案中,处理通过基因工程方法——如果合适结合常规方法——而得到的转基因植物和植物栽培种(基因修饰生物体)及其部位。术语“部位”或“植物的部位”或“植物部位”已在上文作出解释。特别优选的是,根据本发明处理相应市售的常规植物栽培种的植物或正在使用中的那些植物。植物栽培种应理解为意指通过常规育种、诱变或重组DNA技术获得的具有新特性(“性状”)的植物。它们可以是栽培种、变种、生物型或基因型。
转基因植物、种子处理和整合株系(integration event)
待根据本发明处理的优选的转基因植物或植物栽培种(通过基因工程获得的那些植物)包括通过遗传修饰而接受遗传物质的所有植物,该遗传物质能赋予这些植物特别有利的有用特性(“性状”)。这些特性的实例为更好的植物生长、对高温或低温的增强的耐受性、对干旱或对水或土壤盐度水平的增强的耐受性、提高的开花性能、更容易采收、加速成熟、更高的采收率、采收产品的品质更高和/或营养价值更高、采收产品的贮存寿命和/或可加工性更好。这些特性的其他且特别强调的实例为:增强了植物对动物害虫和微生物害虫的抗性,例如抵抗昆虫、蛛形纲动物、线虫、螨、蛞蝓和腹足类动物,这是由于例如在植物内形成的毒素、特别是通过来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的遗传物质(例如通过基因CryIA(a)、CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIIA、CryIIIA、CryIIIB2、Cry9c、Cry2Ab、Cry3Bb和CryIF以及其组合)在植物内形成的那些毒素;以及增强植物对植物病原性真菌、细菌和/或病毒的抗性,例如通过系统获得性抗性(SAR)、系统素、植物抗毒素、诱导子(elicitor)和抗性基因以及相应表达的蛋白质和毒素引起;以及提高植物对某些除草活性化合物例如咪唑啉酮、磺酰脲、草甘膦或草丁膦(phosphinothricin)的耐受性(例如“PAT”基因)。赋予所述期望特性(“性状”)的基因还可在转基因植物中以相互结合的方式存在。所提及的转基因植物的实例包括重要的作物植物,例如谷物(小麦、稻、黑小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、甜菜、甘蔗、西红柿、豌豆和其他蔬菜品种、棉花、烟草、油菜以及果实植物(果实为苹果、梨、柑橘类果实和葡萄),特别强调的是玉米、大豆、小麦、稻、马铃薯、棉花、甘蔗、烟草和油菜。特别强调的特性(“性状”)是增强植物对昆虫、蛛形纲动物、线虫以及蛞蝓和腹足类动物的抗性。
作物保护——处理的类型
使用式(I)的化合物利用常规处理方法对植物和植物部位进行直接处理,或通过作用于其环境、生境或储存空间来进行处理,所述常规处理方法为,例如浸渍、喷洒、雾化、灌溉、蒸发、撒粉、弥雾、撒播、发泡、涂布、铺展(spreading-on)、注射、浇水(浸透)、滴灌,并且在繁殖材料、特别是种子的情况下,还通过形成包壳(incrusting)、通过用一层或多层包衣包覆等方法进行干燥种子处理、液体种子处理、浆料处理。还可通过超低容量法施用式(I)的化合物,或将施用形式或式(I)的化合物本身注入土壤中。
优选的对植物的直接处理为叶面施用,即将式(I)的化合物施用到叶面,在此情况下处理频率和施用率应根据所述害虫的侵染水平来调节。
在内吸性活性化合物的情况下,式(I)的化合物还通过根系进入植物。然后,通过将式(I)的化合物作用于植物的生境来处理植物。这可以例如通过以下方式来完成:浸透或混入土壤或营养液中,意指用液体形式的式(I)的化合物浸渍植物的生长点(例如土壤或水培体系);或土壤施用,意指根据本发明的式(I)的化合物以固体形式(例如以颗粒剂的形式)引入植物的生长点。在水稻作物的情况下,这还可通过将式(I)的化合物以固体施用形式(例如以颗粒剂的形式)计量加入淹没的(flooded)水稻田中来完成。
种子处理
通过处理植物的种子来防治动物害虫是早就已知的,并且是不断改进的主题。然而,种子处理产生了一系列始终不能以令人满意的方式来解决的问题。因此,期望开发保护种子和发芽植物的方法,所述方法在植物储存过程中、播种后或出苗后免除、或至少显著地减少额外的农药施用。此外,期望优化活性成分的用量,从而为种子和发芽植物提供最佳保护,使其免受动物害虫的侵染,而使用的活性成分不会损害植物本身。特别地,处理种子的方法还应考虑抵抗或耐受害虫的转基因植物所固有的杀昆虫或杀线虫特性,以便使用最少量的农药实现对种子和发芽植物的最佳保护。
因此,本发明还特别涉及一种通过用式(I)的化合物之一处理种子来保护种子和发芽植物免受害虫侵染的方法。本发明的保护种子和发芽植物免受害虫侵染的方法还包括这样的方法:其中,在一次操作中同时或依序用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理种子。其还进一步在不同时间用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理种子的方法。
本发明还涉及式(I)的化合物用于处理种子以保护种子和所得植物免受动物害虫侵染的用途。
本发明还涉及已用本发明的式(I)的化合物处理过以保护其免受动物害虫侵染的种子。本发明还涉及已同时用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理的种子。本发明还涉及已在不同时间用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理的种子。在已在不同时间用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理的种子的情况下,各物质可以不同的层存在于种子上。在此情况下,包含式(I)的化合物和混合组分的层可任选地被中间层隔开。本发明还涉及这样的种子:其中施用了作为包衣的一部分或作为除包衣之外的另一层或另几层的式(I)的化合物和混合组分。
本发明还涉及这样的种子:在用式(I)的化合物处理之后,对其进行薄膜包衣处理以避免该种子受灰尘磨损。
当式(I)的化合物起内吸作用时产生的优点之一在于,处理种子不仅保护种子本身,还保护由其生长的植物在出苗后免受动物害虫的侵染。以这种方式,可免除在播种时或在其后不久对作物立刻进行处理。
另一优点在于,用式(I)的化合物处理种子可促进经处理的种子的发芽和出苗。
同样认为有利的是,式(I)的化合物还可特别地用于转基因种子。
此外,式(I)的化合物可与信号技术组分结合使用,从而使得通过共生体(例如根瘤菌、菌根/或植物内生细菌或真菌)而更好地定植和/或优化固氮作用。
式(I)的化合物适合于保护在农业、温室、林业或园艺中使用的任何植物品种的种子。更具体而言,其为以下植物的种子:谷物(例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、粟和燕麦)、玉米、棉花、大豆、稻、马铃薯、向日葵、咖啡、烟草、加拿大油菜(canola)、油菜、甜菜(例如糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜)、花生、蔬菜(例如番茄、黄瓜、菜豆、十字花科蔬菜、洋葱和莴苣)、果实植物、草坪植物和观赏植物。特别有意义的是处理谷物(如小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦)、玉米、大豆、棉花、加拿大油菜、油籽油菜、蔬菜和稻的种子。
如上所述,用式(I)的化合物处理转基因种子也是特别重要的。这涉及通常包含至少一种异源基因的植物的种子,所述异源基因控制特别是具有杀昆虫和/或杀线虫特性的多肽的表达。转基因种子中的异源基因可源自以下微生物:例如,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、棒状杆菌属(Clavibacter)、球囊霉属(Glomus)或粘帚霉属(Gliocladium)。本发明特别适用于处理包含至少一种源自芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillus sp)的异源基因的转基因种子。所述异源基因更优选源自苏云金芽孢杆菌。
在本发明的上下文中,将式(I)的化合物施用于种子。优选在种子足够稳定以在处理过程中不发生损害的状态下处理种子。通常,可在采收和播种之间的任何时间处理种子。通常使用已从植物中分离并且已除去穗轴、外壳、茎、表皮、毛或果肉的种子。例如,可以使用已采收、清洁且干燥至允许储存的含水量的种子。或者,还可使用在干燥后例如用水处理(例如灌注(priming))然后再干燥的种子。在稻的种子的情况下,还可以使用已经例如在水中浸泡直至达到水稻胚芽的某一阶段(胚乳期(pigeon breast stage))的种子,这导致刺激发芽并使出苗更均匀。
当处理种子时,通常必须注意选择施用于种子的式(I)的化合物的量和/或其他添加剂的量,以使种子的发芽不受到不利影响或所得植物不受到损害。这一点必须确保,特别是对于在某些施用率下可表现出植物毒性作用的活性成分的情况下。
通常,将式(I)的化合物以合适的制剂形式施用于种子。用于种子处理的合适的制剂和方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
可将式(I)的化合物转化为常规的拌种制剂,如溶液剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、泡沫剂、浆剂或其他种子包衣组合物,以及ULV制剂。
这些制剂以已知方式通过将式(I)的化合物与常规添加剂混合而制备,所述常规添加剂为例如常规的填充剂以及溶剂或稀释剂、染料、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、胶粘剂、赤霉素以及水。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的染料为通常用于此目的的所有染料。可以使用微溶于水的颜料或溶于水的染料。实例包括已知的名称为罗丹明B、C.I.颜料红112和C.I.溶剂红1的染料。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的润湿剂为促进润湿并常用于配制活性农用化学成分的所有物质。可优选使用萘磺酸烷基酯,如萘磺酸二异丙酯或萘磺酸二异丁酯。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的合适的分散剂和/或乳化剂为常用于配制活性农用化学化合物的所有非离子、阴离子和阳离子分散剂。可优选使用非离子或阴离子分散剂,或非离子或阴离子分散剂的混合物。合适的非离子分散剂尤其包括环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段聚合物、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚和三苯乙烯基酚聚乙二醇醚,及其磷酸化或硫酸化衍生物。合适的阴离子分散剂尤其为木素磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸盐和芳基磺酸酯-甲醛缩合物。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的消泡剂为常用于配制活性农用化学化合物的所有抑制泡沫的物质。可优选使用硅酮(silicone)消泡剂和硬脂酸镁。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的防腐剂为可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。实例包括二氯酚和苄醇半缩甲醛。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的二次增稠剂为可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。优选的实例包括纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、黄原胶、改性粘土以及细分散的二氧化硅。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的粘着剂为可用于拌种产品中的所有常规的粘合剂。优选的实例包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和甲基纤维素(tylose)。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的赤霉素优选为赤霉素A1、A3(=赤霉酸)、A4和A7;特别优选使用赤霉酸。赤霉素是已知的(参见R.Wegler“Chemie derPflanzenschutz-und”,第2卷,Springer Verlag,1970,第401-412页)。
根据本发明可使用的拌种制剂可直接或预先用水稀释后用于处理各种不同种类的种子。例如,可通过用水稀释而由其获得的浓缩剂或制剂可用于拌种以下种子:谷物(如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和黑小麦),以及玉米、稻、油菜、豌豆、菜豆、棉花、向日葵、大豆和甜菜的种子,或各种不同的蔬菜种子。可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或其稀释的使用形式还可用于拌种转基因植物的种子。
对于用可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或由其通过添加水制备的使用形式处理种子,所有常规用于拌种的所有混合装置都是有用的。具体而言,拌种中的过程为:将种子置于间歇操作或连续操作的方式置于混合器内;以其本身或预先用水稀释后,加入特定所需量的拌种制剂;并进行混合直至制剂均匀分布在种子上。如果合适,随后进行干燥操作。
可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂的施用率可在相对宽的范围内变化。这取决于制剂中式(I)的化合物的具体含量以及种子。式(I)的化合物的施用率通常为每千克种子0.001至50g,优选每千克种子0.01至15g。
动物健康
在动物健康领域,即在兽医学领域,式(I)的化合物对动物寄生虫、特别是外寄生虫或内寄生虫具有活性。术语“内寄生虫”尤其包括蠕虫和原生动物,如球虫(coccidia)。外寄生虫通常且优选为节肢动物,尤其是昆虫或螨类。
在兽医学领域,具有有利的恒温动物毒性的式(I)的化合物适合于防治在家畜、育种动物、动物园动物、实验室动物、实验动物和家养动物的动物育种和动物饲养中出现的寄生虫。它们对寄生虫的所有或特定的发育阶段具有活性。
农业家畜包括,例如,哺乳动物,如绵羊、山羊、马、驴、骆驼、水牛、兔、驯鹿、扁角鹿,以及特别是牛和猪;或家禽,如火鸡、鸭、鹅,以及尤其是鸡;或鱼或甲壳类动物,例如水产养殖中的鱼或甲壳类动物;或者视情况而定,昆虫如蜜蜂。
家养动物包括,例如,哺乳动物,如仓鼠、豚鼠、大鼠、小鼠、毛丝鼠、雪貂,以及特别是狗、猫、笼养鸟、爬行动物、两栖动物或观赏鱼。
在一个特别的实施方案中,将式(I)的化合物给予哺乳动物。
在另一个特别的实施方案中,将式(I)的化合物给予禽类,即笼养鸟,以及特别是家禽。
使用式(I)的化合物来防治动物寄生虫旨在减少或预防疾病、死亡病例和性能下降(在肉、奶、羊毛、皮、蛋、蜜等的情况下),从而使得动物饲养更经济、更简单,并可实现更好的动物健康。
关于动物健康领域,在本上下文中的术语“防治(control或controlling)”意指式(I)的化合物有效地将特定寄生虫在感染这类寄生虫的动物中的发病率降低至无害的程度。更具体而言,在本上下文中,“防治”意指式(I)的化合物能杀死各种寄生虫、抑制其生长或抑制其增殖。
节肢动物例如包括但不限于,
虱目(Anoplurida)的节肢动物,例如,血虱属种(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属种(Linognathus spp.)、虱属种(Pediculus spp.)、阴虱属种(Phtirus spp.)、管虱属种(Solenopotes spp.;
食毛目(Mallophagida)和钝角亚目(Amblycerina)和细角亚目(Ischnocerina)的节肢动物,例如牛羽虱属种(Bovicola spp.)、畜虱属种(Damalina spp.)、猫羽虱属种(Felicola spp.);Lepikentron属种、禽虱属种(Menopon spp.)、啮毛虱属种(Trichodectes spp.)、毛羽虱属种(Trimenopon spp.)、鸭虱属种(Trinoton spp.)、Werneckiella属种;
双翅目(Diptera)和长角亚目(Nematocerina)和短角亚目(Brachycerina)的节肢动物,例如伊蚊属种(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属种(Anopheles spp.)、黄虻属种(Atylotusspp.)、蜂虱蝇属种(Braula spp.)、丽蝇属种(Calliphora spp.)、金蝇属种(Chrysomyiaspp.)、斑虻属种(Chrysops spp.)、库蚊属种(Culex spp.)、库蠓属种(Culicoides spp.)、真蚋属种(Eusimulium spp.)、厕蝇属种(Fannia spp.)、胃蝇属种(Gasterophilus spp.)、舌蝇属种(Glossina spp.)、血蝇属种(Haematobia spp.)、麻虻属种(Haematopota spp.)、虱蝇属种(Hippobosca spp.)、瘤虻属种(Hybomitra spp.)、齿股蝇属种(Hydrotaeaspp.)、皮蝇属种(Hypoderma spp.)、羊虱蝇属种(Lipoptena spp.)、绿蝇属种(Luciliaspp.)、罗蛉属种(Lutzomyia spp.)、蜱蝇属种(Melophagus spp.)、莫蝇属种(Morelliaspp.)、蝇属种(Musca spp.)、短蚋亚属种(Odagmia spp.)、狂蝇属种(Oestrus spp.)、Philipomyia属种、白蛉属种(Phlebotomus spp.)、鼻狂蝇属种(Rhinoestrus spp.)、麻蝇属种(Sarcophaga spp.)、蚋属种(Simulium spp.)、螫蝇属种(Stomoxys spp.)、虻属种(Tabanus spp.)、大蚊属种(Tipula spp.)、维蚋属种(Wilhelmia spp.)、污蝇属种(Wohlfahrtia spp.);
蚤目(Siphonapterida)的节肢动物,例如角叶蚤属种(Ceratophyllus spp.)、栉头蚤属(Ctenocephalides spp.)、蚤属(Pulex spp.)、潜蚤属种(Tunga spp.)、客蚤属种(Xenopsylla spp.);
异翅目(Heteropterida)的节肢动物,例如,臭虫属种(Cimex spp.)、锥蝽属种(Panstrongylus spp.)、红猎蝽属种(Rhodnius spp.)、锥猎蝽属种(Triatoma spp.);以及蜚蠊目的公害害虫和卫生害虫。
此外,在节肢动物的情况下,应该通过示例而非限制性的方式提及以下蜱螨(Acari):
蜱螨亚纲(Acari)(螨蜱目(Acarina))和后气门目(Metastigmata),例如软蜱科(Argasidae),如锐缘蜱属种(Argas spp.)、钝缘蜱属种(Ornithodorus spp.)、残喙蜱属种(Otobius spp.);硬蜱科(Ixodidae),如花蜱属种(Amblyomma spp.)、革蜱属种(Dermacentor spp.)、血蜱属种(Haemaphysalis spp.)、璃眼蜱属种(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱属种(Ixodes spp.)、扇头蜱属种(Rhipicephalus(牛蜱属种(Boophilus))spp.)、扇头蜱属种(Rhipicephalus spp.)(多宿主蜱虫的原始属种);中气门目(Mesostigmata),如皮刺螨属种(Dermanyssus spp.)、禽刺螨属种(Ornithonyssus spp.)、Pneumonyssus属种、刺利螨属种(Raillietia spp.)、胸刺螨属种(Sternostoma spp.)、小蜂螨属种(Tropilaelapsspp.)、瓦螨属种(Varroa spp.);辐螨目(Actinedida)(前气门目(Prostigmata))的节肢动物,例如蜂盾螨属种(Acarapis spp.)、姬螯螨属种(Cheyletiella spp.)、蠕形螨属种(Demodex spp.)、兔牦螨属种(Listrophorus spp.)、肉螨属种(Myobia spp.)、新恙螨属种(Neotrombicula spp.)、禽螯螨属种(Ornithocheyletia spp.)、疮螨属种(Psorergatesspp.)、恙螨属种(Trombicula spp.);粉螨目(Acaridida)(无气门目(Astigmata))的节肢动物,例如粉螨属种(Acarus spp.)、嗜木螨属种(Caloglyphus spp.)、足螨属种(Chorioptes spp.)、胞螨属种(Cytodites spp.)、颈下螨属种(Hypodectes spp.)、疙螨属种(Knemidocoptes spp.)、鸡雏螨属种(Laminosioptes spp.)、背肛螨属种(Notoedresspp.)、耳螨属种(Otodectes spp.)、痒螨属种(Psoroptes spp.)、翅螨属种(Pterolichusspp.)、疥螨属种(Sarcoptes spp.)、疥癬恙蟲属种(Trixacarus spp.)、食酪螨属种(Tyrophagus spp.)。
寄生的原生动物的实例包括,但不限于:
鞭毛纲(Mastigophora(Flagellata)),例如:
后滴虫(Metamonada):来自双滴虫目(Diplomonadida),例如,贾第鞭毛虫属种(Giardia spp.)、螺旋核菌属种(Spironucleus spp.)。
Parabasala:来自毛滴虫目(Trichomonadida),例如,组织滴虫属种(Histomonasspp.)、五鞭毛虫属种(Pentatrichomonas spp.)、四鞭毛虫属种(Tetratrichomonasspp.)、毛滴虫属种(Trichomonas spp.)、三毛滴虫(Tritrichomonas spp.)。
眼虫(Euglenozoa):来自锥虫目(Trypanosomatida),例如,利什曼原虫属种(Leishmania spp.)、锥虫属种(Trypanosoma spp.)。
肉鞭毛虫亚门(Sarcomastigophora)(根足虫纲(Rhizopoda)),例如内阿米巴科(Entamoebidae),如内阿米巴属种(Entamoeba spp.),Centramoebidae,例如棘变形虫属种(Acanthamoeba sp.),Euamoebidae,例如哈氏虫属种(Harmanella sp.)。
囊泡虫(Alveolata)例如顶复亚门(Apicomplexa)(孢子纲(Sporozoa)):例如隐孢子虫属种(Cryptosporidium spp.);Eimeriida目,例如,贝诺孢子虫属种(Besnoitiaspp.)、囊等孢虫属种(Cystoisospora spp.)、艾美球虫属种(Eimeria spp.)、哈蒙德虫属种(Hammondia spp.)、等孢子球虫属种(Isospora spp.)、新孢子虫属种(Neospora spp.)、肉孢子虫属种(Sarcocystis spp.)、弓形虫属种(Toxoplasma spp.);Adeleida目,例如,Hepatozoon属种、Klossiella属种;孢子虫目(Haemosporida),例如,白细胞虫属种(Leucocytozoon spp.)、疟原虫属种(Plasmodium spp.);梨浆虫目(Piroplasmida),例如,梨浆虫属种(Babesia spp.)、纤毛虫属种(Ciliophora spp.)、Echinozoon属种、泰累尔梨浆虫属种(Theileria spp.);Vesibuliferida目,例如小袋虫属种(Balantidium spp.)、Buxtonella属种。
微孢子虫(Microspora)例如脑胞内原虫属种(Encephalitozoon spp.)、肠孢虫属(Enterocytozoon spp.)、格洛虫属种(Globidium spp.)、微孢子虫属种(Nosema spp.),以及,例如,Myxozoa属种。
对人类或动物致病的蠕虫包括,例如,棘头虫(Acanthocephala)、线虫(nematodes)、舌形虫(Pentastoma)和扁形动物(Platyhelminthes)(例如单殖亚纲(Monogenea)、绦虫类(cestode)和吸虫类(trematode))。
示例性蠕虫包括,但不限于:
单殖亚纲(Monogenea):例如,指环虫属种(Dactylogyrus spp.)、三代虫属种(Gyrodactylus spp.)、Microbothrium属种、多盘吸虫属种(Polystoma spp.)、Troglecephalus属种;
绦虫类(Cestodes):假叶目(Pseudophyllidea)的绦虫,例如,吸叶绦虫属种(Bothridium spp.)、裂头绦虫属种(Diphyllobothrium spp.)、大复殖孔绦虫属种(Diplogonoporus spp.)、Ichthyobothrium属种、舌状绦虫属种(Ligula spp.)、头裂畸胎属种(Schistocephalus spp.)、迭宫绦虫属种(Spirometra spp.)
圆叶目(Cyclophyllida)的绦虫:例如:Andyra属种、裸头绦虫属种(Anoplocephala spp.)、无卵黄腺绦虫属种(Avitellina spp.)、伯特绦虫属种(Bertiellaspp.)、鸣绦虫属种(Cittotaenia spp.)、戴文氏绦虫属种(Davainea spp.)、双睾绦虫属种(Diorchis spp.)、复孔绦虫属种(Diplopylidium spp.)、犬复孔绦虫属种(Dipylidiumspp.)、棘球绦虫属种(Echinococcus spp.)、棘叶绦虫属种(Echinocotyle spp.)、棘鳞绦虫属种(Echinolepis spp.)、泡尾绦虫属种(Hydatigera spp.)、膜壳绦虫属种(Hymenolepis spp.)、约优克斯绦虫属种(Joyeuxiella spp.)、中殖孔绦虫属种(Mesocestoides spp.)、蒙尼茨绦虫属种(Moniezia spp.)、副裸头绦虫属种(Paranoplocephala spp.)、瑞立绦虫属种(Raillietina spp.)、斯泰绦虫属种(Stilesiaspp.)、带绦虫属种(Taenia spp.)、曲子宫绦虫属种(Thysaniezia spp.)、繸体绦虫属种(Thysanosoma spp.)
吸虫类(Trematodes):复殖纲(Digenea)的吸虫,例如:澳毕吸虫属种(Austrobilharzia spp.)、短咽吸虫属种(Brachylaima spp.)、杯殖吸虫属种(Calicophoron spp.)、下弯吸虫属种(Catatropis spp.)、支睾吸虫属种(Clonorchisspp.)、吸虫属种(Collyriclumspp.)、殖盘吸虫属种(Cotylophoron spp.)、环腔吸虫属种(Cyclocoelum spp.)、双腔吸虫属种(Dicrocoelium spp.)、双穴吸虫属种(Diplostomumspp.)、棘隙吸虫属种(Echinochasmus spp.)、棘缘吸虫属种(Echinoparyphium spp.)、棘口吸虫属种(Echinostoma spp.)、阔盘吸虫属种(Eurytrema spp.)、片形吸虫属种(Fasciola spp.)、拟片形吸虫属种(Fasciolides spp.)、姜片虫属种(Fasciolopsisspp.)、菲策吸虫属种(Fischoederius spp.)、腹袋吸虫属种(Gastrothylacus spp.)、巨毕吸虫属种(Gigantobilharzia spp.)、巨孔吸虫属种(Gigantocotyle spp.)、异形吸虫属种(Heterophyes spp.)、低颈吸虫属种(Hypoderaeum spp.)、彩蚴吸虫属种(Leucochloridium spp.)、后殖吸虫属种(Metagonimus spp.)、次睾吸虫属种(Metorchisspp.)、侏形吸虫属种(Nanophyetus spp.)、背孔吸虫属种(Notocotylus spp.)、后睾吸虫属种(Opisthorchis spp.)、鸟毕吸虫属种(Ornithobilharzia spp.)、并殖吸虫属种(Paragonimus spp.)、同端盘吸虫属种(Paramphistomum spp.)、斜睾吸虫属种(Plagiorchis spp.)、茎双穴吸虫属种(Posthodiplostomum spp.)、前殖吸虫属种(Prosthogonimus spp.)、血吸虫属种(Schistosoma spp.)、毛毕吸虫属种(Trichobilharzia spp.)、隐孔吸虫属种(Troglotrema spp.)、盲腔吸虫属种(Typhlocoelum spp.)
线虫类(Nematodes):毛形线虫科(Trichinellida),例如:毛细线虫属种(Capillaria spp.)、毛线虫属种(Trichinella spp.)、Trichomosoides属种、鞭虫属种(Trichuris spp.)
垫刃目(Tylenchida)的线虫,例如:细丝鲶属种(Micronema spp.)、Parastrangyloides属种、类圆线虫属种(Strongyloides spp.)
杆形目(Rhabditida)的线虫,例如:猫圆线虫属种(Aelurostrongylus spp.)、裂口线虫属种(Amidostomum spp.)、钩口线虫属种(Ancylostoma spp.)、管圆线虫属种(Angiostrongylus spp.)、Bronchonema属种、仰口线虫属种(Bunostomum spp.)、夏柏特线虫属种(Chabertia spp.)、古柏线虫属种(Cooperia spp.)、Cooperioides属种、环体线虫属种(Crenosoma spp.)、Cyathostomum属种、Cyclococercus属种、Cyclodontostomum属种、Cylicocyclus属种、杯冠属种(Cylicostephanus spp.)、柱咽线虫属种(Cylindropharynxspp.)、囊尾线虫属种(Cystocaulus spp.)、网尾线虫属种(Dictyocaulus spp.)、麂圆线虫属种(Elaphostrongylus spp.)、类丝虫属种(Filaroides spp.)、球头线虫属种(Globocephalus spp.)、Graphidium属种、辐首线虫属种(Gyalocephalus spp.)、血矛线虫属种(Haemonchus spp.)、螺旋线虫属种(Heligmosomoides spp.)、猪圆线虫属种(Hyostrongylus spp.)、马歇尔线虫属种(Marshallagia spp.)、后圆线虫属种(Metastrongylus spp.)、缪勒线虫属种(Muellerius spp.)、板口线虫属种(Necatorspp.)、细颈线虫属种(Nematodirus spp.)、新圆线虫属种(Neostrongylus spp.)、日圆线虫属种(Nippostrongylus spp.)、尖柱线虫属种(Obeliscoides spp.)、食道齿线虫属种(Oesophagodontus spp.)、结节线虫属种(Oesophagostomum spp.)、盘头线虫属种(Ollulanus spp.);Ornithostrongylus属种、奥斯勒线虫属种(Oslerus spp.)、胃线虫属种(Ostertagia spp.)、Paracooperia属种、Paracrenosoma属种、副类丝线虫属种(Parafilaroides spp.)、拟马鹿圆线虫属种(Parelaphostrongylus spp.)、Pneumocaulus属种、肺圆线虫属种(Pneumostrongylus spp.)、杯口线虫属种(Poteriostomum spp.)、原圆线虫属种(Protostrongylus spp.)、尖尾线虫属种(Spicocaulus spp.)、冠尾线虫属种(Stephanurus spp.)、圆线虫属种(Strongylus spp.)、开口虫属种(Syngamus spp.)、背带线虫属种(Teladorsagia spp.)、毛线线虫属种(Trichonema spp.)、毛圆线虫属种(Trichostrongylus spp.)、三齿线虫属种(Triodontophorus spp.)、Troglostrongylus属种、钩虫属种(Uncinaria spp.)
旋尾目(Spirurida)的线虫,例如:Acanthocheilonema属种、异尖线虫属种(Anisakis spp.)、鸡蛔虫属种(Ascaridia spp.);蛔虫属种(Ascaris spp.)、斜环咽线虫属种(Ascarops spp.)、无刺线虫属种(Aspiculuris spp.)、贝利蛔线虫属种(Baylisascaris spp.)、布鲁线虫属种(Brugia spp.)、Cercopithifilaria属种、Crassicauda属种、链尾丝虫属种(Dipetalonema spp.)、恶丝虫属种(Dirofilaria spp.)、龙线虫属种(Dracunculus spp.);德拉西线虫属种(Draschia spp.)、蛲虫属种(Enterobius spp.)、丝虫属种(Filaria spp.)、颚口线虫属种(Gnathostoma spp.)、筒线虫属种(Gongylonema spp.)、丽线虫属种(Habronema spp.)、异刺线虫属种(Heterakisspp.);光丝虫属种(Litomosoides spp.)、罗阿丝虫属种(Loa spp.)、盘尾丝虫属种(Onchocerca spp.)、尖尾线虫属种(Oxyuris spp.)、副柔线虫属种(Parabronema spp.)、副丝虫属种(Parafilaria spp.)、副蛔虫属种(Parascaris spp.)、栓尾线虫属种(Passalurus spp.)、泡翼线虫属种(Physaloptera spp.)、Probstmayria属种、Pseudofilaria属种、腹腔丝虫属种(Setaria spp.)、Skjrabinema属种、旋尾线虫属种(Spirocerca spp.)、冠丝虫属种(Stephanofilaria spp.)、圆线虫属种(Strongylurisspp.)、管状线虫属种(Syphacia spp.)、吸吮线虫属种(Thelazia spp.)、弓蛔线虫属种(Toxascaris spp.)、弓蛔虫属种(Toxocara spp.)、吴策线虫属种(Wuchereria spp.)
棘头动物门:少棘目(Oligacanthorhynchida),例如:巨吻棘头虫属种(Macracanthorhynchus spp.)、前睾棘头虫属种(Prosthenorchis spp.);念珠目(Moniliformida),例如:念珠棘虫属种(Moniliformis spp.)
多形目(Polymorphida),例如:细颈棘头虫属种(Filicollis spp.);棘吻目(Echinorhynchida),例如棘头虫属种(Acanthocephalus spp.)、棘吻虫属种(Echinorhynchus spp.)、似细吻棘头虫属种(Leptorhynchoides spp.)
舌形虫类(Pentastoma):蛇舌状虫目(Porocephalida),例如舌形虫属种(Linguatula spp.)。
在兽医领域和动物饲养中,通过本领域通常已知的方法(如经肠内、肠外、皮肤或鼻腔)以合适制剂的形式给予式(I)的化合物。给予可以是预防性的、补救性预防性的或治疗性的。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案涉及式(I)的化合物,其用作药物。
另一个方面涉及式(I)的化合物,其用作抗内寄生虫剂(antiendoparasiticagent)。
本发明的另一特定方面涉及式(I)的化合物,其用作抗蠕虫剂(antithelminthicagent),特别是用作杀线虫剂、杀扁形虫剂(platyhelminthicide)、杀棘头虫剂(acanthocephalicide)或杀舌形虫剂(pentastomicide)。
本发明的另一特定方面涉及式(I)的化合物,其用作抗原生动物剂(antiprotozoic agent)。
另一个方面还涉及式(I)的化合物,其用作抗外寄生虫剂(antiectoparasiticagent),尤其是杀节肢动物剂,非常特别杀虫剂或杀螨剂。
本发明的另一方面是兽药制剂,其包含有效量的至少一种式(I)的化合物和至少一种下列物质:药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如固体或液体稀释剂)、药学上可接受的助剂(例如,表面活性剂)、尤其是常规用于兽药制剂中的药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或常规用于兽药制剂中的药学上可接受的助剂。
本发明的一个相关方面是制备如本文所述的兽药制剂的方法,其包括将至少一种式(I)的化合物与药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或助剂混合的步骤,尤其与常规用于兽药制剂中的药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或常规用于兽药制剂中的助剂混合的步骤。
本发明的另一个特定方面是兽药制剂及其制备方法,根据所述方面,所述兽药制剂选自杀外寄生虫和杀内寄生虫制剂,尤其选自抗蠕虫剂、抗原生动物剂和杀节肢动物剂,非常特别选自杀线虫剂、杀扁形虫剂、杀棘头虫剂、杀舌形虫剂、杀虫剂和杀螨剂。
另一方面涉及一种通过在有需要的动物,尤其是非人类动物中使用有效量的式(I)的化合物而治疗寄生性感染,尤其由选自上文提及的外寄生虫和内寄生虫的寄生虫引起的的感染的方法。
另一方面涉及一种通过在有需要的动物,尤其是非人类动物中使用本文中所限定的兽药制剂而治疗寄生性感染,尤其由选自上文提及的外寄生虫和内寄生虫的寄生虫引起的的感染的方法。
另一方面涉及式(I)的化合物在处理动物,尤其非人类动物中的寄生虫感染,尤其由选自上述的外寄生虫和内寄生虫的寄生虫引起的感染的用途。
在动物健康或兽医学的本发明上下文中,术语“治疗”包括预防性、补救性预防性和治疗性的治疗。
在特定的实施方案中,以此方式,提供了至少一种式(I)的化合物与其他活性化合物,尤其是与杀内寄生虫剂-和杀外寄生虫剂的混合物,用于兽医学领域。
在动物健康领域,“混合物”不仅指两种(或更多种)不同的活性化合物配制成常规制剂并相应地一起使用,而且还涉及包含针对各个活性化合物而分离的制剂的产品。因此,当要使用两种以上的活性成分时,可将所有活性成分配制成普通制剂,或者可以将所有活性成分配制成单独的制剂;同样可想到的是其中一些活性成分一起配制并且一些活性成分单独配制的混合形式。单独的制剂允许单独或连续施用所述活性成分。
在本文中通过“通用名称”指定的活性化合物是已知的,并且记载在,例如,“农药手册(Pesticide Manual)”(见上文)中,或者可以在因特网上(例如:http:// www.alanwood.net/pesticides)检索到。
不意图构成限制,作为混合组分的杀外寄生虫剂组的说明性活性成分包括上文详细列出的杀虫剂和杀螨剂。根据基于目前的IRAC模式的作用分类表的上述分类,其他可用的活性成分列于以下:(1)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂;(2)GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂;(3)钠通道调节剂;(4)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)竞争调节剂;(5)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构调节剂;(6)谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(GluCl)变构调节剂;(7)保幼激素模拟物;(8)各种非特异性(多位点)抑制剂;(9)弦音器官调节剂;(10)螨生长抑制剂;(12)线粒体ATP合成酶抑制剂,例如ATP干扰剂;(13)通过间断质子梯度的氧化磷酸化解偶联剂;(14)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体通道阻断剂;(15)0型几丁质生物合成抑制剂;(16)1型几丁质生物合成抑制剂;(17)蜕皮干扰剂(尤其在双翅目的情况下);(18)蜕皮激素受体激动剂;(19)章鱼胺受体激动剂;(21)线粒体复合物I电子传递抑制剂;(25)线粒体复合物II电子传递抑制剂;(20)线粒体复合物III电子传递抑制剂;(22)压敏钠通道阻断剂;(23)乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂;(28)兰尼碱(ryanodine)受体调节剂;
具有未知的或不明确的作用机理的活性成分,例如氟硝二苯胺(fentrifanil)、fenoxacrim、cycloprene、乙酯杀螨醇(chlorobenzilate)、杀虫脒(chlordimeform)、氟苯灭(flubenzimin)、地昔尼尔(dicyclanil)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、灭螨猛(quinomethionat)、苯螨噻(triarathene)、clothiazoben、tetrasul、油酸钾(potassiumoleate)、petroleum、恶虫酮(metoxadiazone)、gossyplur、氟螨嗪(flutenzine)、溴螨酯(brompropylate)、冰晶石(cryolite);
其他种类的化合物,例如畜虫威(butacarb)、敌蝇威(dimetilan)、除线威(cloethocarb)、乙丙磷威(phosphocarb)、乙基虫螨辨(pirimiphos(-ethyl))、乙基对硫磷(parathion(-ethyl))、虫螨畏(methacrifos)、水杨酸异丙酯(isopropyl o-salicylate)、敌百虫(trichlorfon)、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、丙虫磷(propaphos)、硫线磷(sebufos)、pyridathion、发硫磷(prothoate)、除线磷(dichlofenthion)、甲基内吸辨(demeton-S-methyl sulphone)、氯峻磷(isazofos)、苯腈磷(cyanofenphos)、氯亚胺硫磷(dialifos)、三硫磷(carbophenothion)、autathiofos、aromfenvinfos(-methyl)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos(-ethyl))、乙基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos(-ethyl))、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)、碘硫磷(iodofenphos)、蔬果辨(dioxabenzofos)、安硫磷(formothion)、地虫硫磷(fonofos)、他氟疏磷(flupyrazofos)、丰索磷(fensulfothion)、乙嘧硫磷(etrimfos);
有机氯化合物,例如毒杀芬(camphechlor)、林丹(lindane)、七氯(heptachlor);或苯基吡唑,例如乙酞虫睛(acetoprole)、pyrafluprole、吡虫腈(pyriprole)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole)、sisapronil;或异唑啉(isoxazolines),例如sarolaner、阿福拉纳(afoxolaner)、lotilaner、氟雷拉纳(fluralaner);
拟除虫菊酯类,例如(顺-,反-)甲氧苄氟菊酯((cis-,trans-)metofluthrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、氟丙苄醚(flufenprox)、flubrocythrinate、fubfenprox、五氟苯菊酯(fenfluthrin)、protrifenbut、反灭虫菊(pyresmethrin)、RU15525、环戊烯丙菊酯(terallethrin)、顺-苄呋菊酯(cis-resmethrin)、heptafluthrin、bioethanomethrin、生物氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、氯吡氰菊酯(fenpyrithrin)、顺-氯氰菊酯(cis-cypermethrin)、顺-苄氯菊酯(cis-permethrin)、功夫菊酯(clocythrin)、λ-氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin(lambda-))、二氯炔戊菊酯(chlovaporthrin),或卤代烃化合物(HCH),
新烟碱类(neonicotinoid),例如硝虫噻嗪(nithiazine)
Dicloromezotiaz、三氟苯嘧啶(triflumezopyrim)
大环内酯(macrocyclic lactone),例如奈马克丁(nemadectin)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、拉替菌素(latidectin)、莫西菌素(moxidectin)、塞拉菌素(selamectin)、依立诺克丁(eprinomectin)、多拉菌素(doramectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate);米尔倍霉素肟(milbemycin oxime)
烯虫硫酯(triprene)、保幼醚(epofenonane)、苯虫醚(diofenolan);
生物制剂、激素或信息素,例如天然产物,如苏云金素(thuringiensin)、苹果小卷蛾性诱剂(codlemone)或印度楝(neem)组分
二硝基苯酚(dinitrophenol),例如敌螨普(dinocap)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、乐杀螨(binapacryl);
苯甲酰脲(benzoylurea),例如氟啶蜱脲(fluazuron)、氟幼脲(penfluron),
脒衍生物,例如chlormebuform、螨蜱胺(cymiazole)、得米地曲(demiditraz)
蜂螨杀螨剂,例如有机酸,如甲酸、草酸。
杀内寄生虫组的说明性活性成分,作为混合组分,包括但不限于,活性抗蠕虫成分和活性抗原生动物成分。
抗蠕虫活性化合物包括但不限于以下杀线虫、杀吸虫和/或杀绦虫活性化合物:
大环内酯类,例如:依立诺克丁(eprinomectin)、阿维菌素(abamectin)、奈马克丁(nemadectin)、莫西菌素(moxidectin)、多拉菌素(doramectin)、塞拉菌素(selamectin)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)、拉替菌素(latidectin)、弥拜菌素(milbemectin)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、依马菌素(emamectin)、美倍霉素(milbemycin);
苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)类和聚苯并咪唑(probenzimidazole)类,例如:奥苯达唑(oxibendazole)、甲苯达唑(mebendazole)、三氯苯达唑(triclabendazole)、托布津(thiophanate)、帕苯达唑(parbendazole)、奥芬达唑(oxfendazole)、奈托比胺(netobimin)、芬苯达唑(fenbendazole)、苯硫氨酯(febantel)、噻苯达唑(thiabendazole)、环苯达唑(cyclobendazole)、坎苯达唑(cambendazole)、阿苯达唑(albendazole)、亚砜、氟苯达唑(flubendazole);
缩肽类,优选环状缩肽,尤其是24元环状缩肽,例如emodepside、PF1022A;
四氢嘧啶类,例如:甲噻嘧啶(morantel)、噻嘧啶(pyrantel)、奥克太尔(oxantel);
咪唑并噻唑类(Imidazothiazole),例如,丁咪唑(butamisole)、左旋咪唑(levamisole)、四咪唑(tetramisole);
氨基苯基脒类,例如:阿米登太(amidantel)、脱酰基的阿米登太(dAMD)、三苯双脒;
氨基乙腈衍生物类,例如,monepantel;
paraherquamide类,例如paraherquamide、得曲恩特(derquantel);
水杨酰苯胺(salicylanilide)类,例如:三溴水杨酰苯胺(tribromsalan)、溴沙尼特(bromoxanide)、溴替尼特(brotianide)、氯碘沙尼(clioxanide)、氯生太尔(closantel)、氯硝柳胺(niclosamide)、羟氯扎胺(oxyclozanide)、雷复尼特(rafoxanide);
取代的苯酚类,例如:硝碘酚腈(nitroxynil)、硫氯酚(bithionol)、二碘硝酚(disophenol)、六氯酚(hexachlorophene)、硝氯酚(niclofolan)、联硝氯酚(meniclopholan);
有机磷酸酯类,例如:敌百虫(trichlorfon)、驱虫磷(naphthalofos)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos/DDVP)、育畜磷(crufomate)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、哈洛克酮(haloxone);
哌嗪酮/喹啉(piperazinone/quinoline),例如:吡喹酮(praziquantel)、依西太尔(epsiprantel);
哌嗪(piperazine)类,例如:哌嗪(piperazine)、羟嗪(hydroxyzine);
四环素(tetracycline)类,例如:四环素(tetracycline)、氯四环素(chlorotetracycline)、多西环素(doxycycline)、氧四环素(oxytetracycline)、吡甲四环素(rolitetracycline);
各种其他种类,例如:丁萘脒(bunamidine)、硝唑咪(niridazole)、雷琐太尔(resorantel)、omphalotin、奥替普拉(oltipraz)、硝硫氰酯(nitroscanate)、硝碘酚腈(nitroxynil)、奥沙尼喹(oxamniquin)、mirasan、盐酸卢甘宋(miracil)、硫蒽酮(lucanthon)、海恩酮(hycanthon)、三氯苯哌嗪(hetolin)、依米丁(emetin)、乙胺嗪(diethylcarbamazine)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、联胺苯醚(diamfenetide)、氯硝安定(clonazepam)、酚乙铵(bephenium)、硝硫氰胺(amoscanate)、氯舒隆(clorsulon)。
活性抗原生动物成分,包括但不限于以下活性成分:
三嗪类,例如:地克珠利(diclazuril)、泊那珠利(ponazuril)、来曲珠利(letrazuril)、妥曲珠利(toltrazuril);
聚醚离子载体类,例如:莫能菌素(monensin)、盐霉素(salinomycin)、马杜霉素(maduramicin)、甲基盐霉素(narasin);
大环内酯类,例如:米尔倍霉素类(milbemycin)、红霉素(erythromycin);
喹诺酮(quinolone)类,例如:恩氟沙星(enrofloxacin)、宾氟沙星(pradofloxacin);
奎宁(quinine)类,例如:氯喹(chloroquin);
嘧啶类,例如:乙胺嘧啶(pyrimethamine);
磺酰胺(sulphonamide)类,例如:磺胺喹恶啉(sulfaquinoxaline)、三甲氧苄氨嘧啶(trimethoprim)、sulfaclozin;
硫胺(thiamine)类,例如:安普罗铵(amprolium);
林可酰胺(lincosamide)类,例如:克林霉素(clindamycin);
碳酰苯胺(carbanilide)类,例如:咪多卡(imidocarb);
硝基呋喃(nitrofuran)类,例如:硝呋替莫(nifurtimox);
喹唑啉酮生物碱类,例如:卤夫酮(halofuginone);
各种其他种类,例如:奥沙尼喹(oxamniquin)、巴龙霉素(paromomycin);
来自微生物的疫苗类或抗原类,例如:Babesia canis rossi、柔嫩艾美球虫(Eimeria tenella)、早熟艾美球虫(Eimeria praecox)、扁嘴艾美球虫(Eimerianecatrix)、缓艾美球虫(Eimeria mitis)、巨型艾美球虫(Eimeria maxima)、布氏艾美球虫(Eimeria brunetti)、堆型艾美球虫(Eimeria acervulina)、佛氏巴贝虫(Babesia canisvogeli)、婴儿利什曼原虫(Leishmania infantum)、犬巴贝虫(Babesia canis canis)、胎生网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus viviparus)。
视情况而定,所提及的所有混合组分也可以与合适的碱或酸形成盐,条件是它们基于其官能团能够与合适的碱或酸形成盐。
病媒防治
式(I)的化合物还可用于病媒防治。在本发明的上下文中,病媒是能将病原体例如病毒、蠕虫、单细胞生物和细菌从贮主(reservoir)(植物、动物、人类等)传播到宿主的节肢动物,尤其是昆虫或蛛形纲动物。病原体可被机械地传播至宿主上(例如通过非叮咬蝇(non-stinging fly)传播沙眼)或可在注射到宿主中后传播至宿主(例如通过蚊子传播疟原虫)。
病媒及其传播的疾病或病原体的实例为:
1)蚊
-按蚊:疟疾、丝虫病;
-库蚊:日本脑炎、丝虫病、其他病毒性疾病、其他蠕虫的传播;
-伊蚊:黄热病、登革热、其他病毒性疾病、丝虫病;
-蚋科:蠕虫的传播,尤其是旋盘尾丝虫(Onchocerca volvulus);
-毛蠓科:利什曼病的传播
2)虱:皮肤感染、流行性斑疹伤寒;
3)蚤:鼠疫、地方性斑疹伤寒、绦虫;
4)蝇:昏睡病(锥虫病);霍乱、其他细菌性疾病;
5)螨:螨病、流行性斑疹伤寒、立克次氏体痘、土拉菌病、圣路易斯型脑炎、蜱媒脑炎(TBE)、克里米亚-刚果出血热(Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever)、疏螺旋体病(borreliosis);
6)蜱:borellioses如Borrelia bungdorferi sensu lato.、达氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia duttoni)、蜱媒脑炎、Q热(贝氏柯克斯体(Coxiella burnetii))、巴贝西虫病(babesioses)(犬巴贝虫(Babesia canis canis))、埃利希病(ehrlichiosis)。
在本发明的上下文中,病媒的实例为可向植物传播植物病毒的昆虫,例如蚜虫、蝇、叶蝉或蓟马。能传播植物病毒的其他病媒为叶螨、虱、甲虫和线虫。
在本发明的上下文中,病媒的其他实例为可向动物和/或人传播病原体的昆虫和蛛形纲动物,如蚊,尤其是伊蚊属,按蚊属例如冈比亚按蚊(A.gambiae)、阿拉伯按蚊(A.arabiensis)、不吉按蚊(A.funestus)、大劣按蚊(A.dirus)(疟疾)和库蚊;毛蠓如白蛉;Lutzomyia;虱;蚤;蝇;螨和蜱。
如果式(I)的化合物为破坏抗性(resistance-breaking)的,则病媒防治也是可行的。
式(I)的化合物适用于预防通过病媒传播的疾病和/或病原体。因此,本发明的另一个方面为式(I)的化合物在例如农业、园艺、林业、园林和休闲设施中、以及在材料和贮存产品的保护中用于病媒防治的用途。
工业材料的保护
式(I)的化合物适用于保护工业材料免受昆虫的侵袭或破坏,所述昆虫例如来自鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、啮虫目(Psocoptera)和衣鱼目(Zygentoma)。
在本上下文中,工业材料应理解为意指无生命材料,如优选塑料、胶粘剂、胶料、纸类和卡片、皮革、木材、加工的木制品和涂布组合物。特别优选本发明用于保护木材的用途。
在另一个实施方案中,式(I)的化合物与至少一种其他杀虫剂和/或至少一种杀真菌剂一起使用。
在另一个实施方案中,式(I)的化合物采取即用型农药的形式,即它可以不经进一步的修饰而应用于所述材料。有用的其他杀虫剂或杀真菌剂尤其包括上文提及的那些。
出人意料地,还已发现,式(I)的化合物可用于保护与盐水或微咸水接触的物体(特别是船体、筛、网、建筑物、系泊用具和信号系统)免受污损。同样可以将式(I)的化合物单独或与其他活性化合物结合用作防污剂。
卫生领域中动物害虫的防治
式(I)的化合物适用于防治卫生领域中的动物害虫。更具体而言,本发明可用于家用保护领域、卫生保护领域和贮存产品的保护中,特别是用于防治在封闭空间例如住所、工厂车间、办公室、车辆舱室、动物饲养设施中遇到的昆虫、蛛形纲动物、蜱和螨。为了防治动物害虫,将式(I)的化合物单独使用或与其他活性化合物和/或助剂结合使用。它们优选用于家用杀虫剂产品中。式(I)的化合物对敏感和抗性物种以及对所有发育阶段均有效。
这些害虫包括例如以下害虫:蛛形纲(Arachnida),蝎目(Scorpiones)、蜘蛛目(Araneae)和盲蛛目(Opiliones);唇足纲(Chilopoda)和倍足纲(Diplopoda);昆虫纲蜚蠊目(Blattodea)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、双翅目(Diptera)、异翅目(Heteroptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、虱目(Phthiraptera)、啮虫目(Psocoptera)、跳跃目(Saltatoria)或直翅目(Orthoptera)、蚤目(Siphonaptera)和衣鱼目(Zygentoma);以及软甲纲(Malacostraca)等足目(Isopoda)。
以下列形式进行施用:例如,气雾剂、无压喷雾产品如泵式喷雾剂和雾化喷雾剂、自动起雾体系、喷雾剂、泡沫剂、凝胶剂、具有由纤维素或塑料制成的蒸发片剂(evaporatortablet)的蒸发产品、液体蒸发剂、凝胶和薄膜蒸发剂、推进器驱动的蒸发剂、无动力或无源的蒸发体系、捕蛾纸、捕蛾袋和捕蛾胶,作为颗粒剂或粉剂,用于撒播的饵料中或饵站(baitstation)中。
方法和中间体的描述
另外已经发现,式(I)的新的化合物可通过下述方法制备。
式(I)的化合物可,例如,根据如下方案所示的方法A至D来合成。
方法A
方法B
方法C
方法D
大多数的方法A所需的式(VII)的卤化物(例如烷基卤化物等)是商业产品或者可通过有机化学中通常已知的方法来制备。
方法A所需的式(II)的2-羟基咪唑基羧酸商业可得或者可以,例如,通过由文献如A.Otter,E.A.Falco,J.J.Fox,J.Org.Chem.1969,34,2636–2642已知的方法制备。
大多数方法B所需的式(X)的羟基化合物(例如苯酚,羟基吡啶等)商业可得或者可以通过在有机化学中通常已知的方法来制备。
方法A和B所需的式(V)的3-氨基吡啶市售可得或者可以,例如,通过由文献如Liu,Zhen-Jiang;Vors,Jean-Pierre;Gesing,Ernst R.F.;Bolm,Carsten,Advanced Synthesisand Catalysis,2010,352,3158–3162,BAYER CROPSCIENCE AG patent:US2010/305124A1,2010,Shafir,Alexandr;Buchwald,Stephen L.,Journal of the American ChemicalSociety,2006,128,8742–8743已知的方法来制备。
酰胺化方法
在本发明的方法A和B中,式(VI)和(VII)的中间体可使用由文献已知或与所明确提及的实施例类似的酰胺化反应来合成。
对于酰胺化步骤,许多反应条件已经有所记载,例如G.Benz在ComprehensiveOrganic Synthesis,第1版,Pergamon Press,Oxford,1991,第6卷,第381-417页中有所记载;P.D.Bailey等人在Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformation,第1版,Elsevier Science Ltd.,Oxford,1995,第5卷,第257-308页中有所记载以及R.C.Larock在Comprehensive Organic Transformations,第2版,Wiley-VCH,New York,Weinheim,1999,第1929-1994页中有所记载。这些反应的一些通过中间体碳酰氯进行,所述碳酰氯可以以分离的形式或以原位生成的形式使用。
酰胺化反应任选地在缩合剂的存在下、任选地在酸受体的存在下以及任选地在溶剂的存在下进行。
有用的缩合剂是通常可用于这种酰胺化反应的所有缩合剂。实例包括活化剂如光气、三氯化磷、三氯氧化磷、草酰氯、草酰溴或亚硫酰氯;碳二亚胺如N,N′-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDCI);或其他常规缩合剂如五氧化二磷、多磷酸、N,N'-羰基二咪唑、2-氯吡啶1-甲碘化物(Mukaiyama试剂)、2-乙氧基-N-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氢喹啉(EEDQ)、三苯基膦/四氯化碳、溴代三吡咯烷六氟磷酸盐(BROP)、O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基氧基)三(二甲基氨基)六氟磷酸盐(BOP)、N,N,N',N'-双(四亚甲基)氯脲四氟硼酸盐(N,N,N′,N′-bis(tetramethylene)chlorouronium tetrafluoroborate)、O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HBTU)、O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-双(四亚甲基)脲六氟磷酸盐、O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸盐(TBTU)、O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-双(四亚甲基)脲四氟硼酸盐、O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HATU)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)和4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉盐(DMT.MM),通常可作为氯化物获得。这些试剂可以单独使用或组合使用。
合适的酸受体是所有常规的无机碱或有机碱,例如有机胺,如三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉、吡啶或N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶;碱金属和碱土金属碳酸盐,如碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯;碱金属碳酸氢盐,如碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾。在本发明的方法中,酰胺化反应任选地在合适的反应助剂的存在下进行,所述反应助剂例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶。合适的溶剂或稀释剂是所有的惰性有机溶剂,例如脂族烃或芳族烃(例如石油醚、甲苯、环己烷)、卤代烃(例如氯甲苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷)、醚(例如二乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷)、酯(例如乙酸乙酯或乙酸甲酯)、硝基烃类(例如硝基甲烷、硝基乙烷、硝基苯)、腈(例如乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、苄腈)、酰胺类(例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰苯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、六甲基磷酰胺),以及二甲基亚砜、环丁砜或水以及所述溶剂的混合物。
还可以使用混合酸酐来制备式(III)的化合物(参见J.Am.Chem.Soc.1967,5012)。在该方法中,可以使用氯甲酸酯,例如氯甲酸甲酯、氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸异丁酯和氯甲酸异丙酯。同样地,为此还可以使用二乙基乙酰氯、三甲基乙酰氯和类似的化合物。
方法A:在碳酸银存在下,通过使咪唑啉酮与烷基溴化物反应而形成烷基醚:Sugimura,Hideyuki et al.Synlett,1998,#9第985–986页。
在碳酸银存在下,通过使用烷基碘形成烷基醚:Schulz,Bernd S.;Pfleiderer,Wolfgang Helvetica Chimica Acta,1987,卷70,第210–218页。
方法B:在碳酸铯的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的存在下,通过使2-氯咪唑与苯酚反应而形成芳基醚:Barchuk,William T.;Dunford,Paul J.;Edwards,James P.;Fourie,AnneM.;Karlsson,Lars;Quan,Joanne M.Patent;US2008/194630A1,2008;在专利中的位置:页/页栏40。
方法C:使用Lawesson试剂的硫代酰胺:Matsumoto,Shoji;Takada.Daiki;Kageyama.Hirokazu;Akazome.Motohiro.Tetrahedron Letters,2014,卷55,#5第1082–1085页。
方法D:通过与间-氯过苯甲酸氧化的吡啶-N-氧化物:Fujita,Reiko;Watanabe,Kazuhiro;Ikeura,Wakako;Ohtake,Yohsuke;Hongo,Hiroshi;Harigaya,Yosihiro;Matsuzaki,Hisao;Tetrahedron,2001,卷57,#42第8841–8850页
制备实施例
以下制备实施例和用途实施例说明本发明而不限制本发明。产物通过1H-NMR光谱和/或LC-MS(液相色谱质谱联用)进行表征。
logP值根据OECD Guideline 117(EC Directive 92/69/EEC)通过HPLC(高效液相色谱法)使用反相(RP)柱(C18)由以下方法测定:
[a]酸性范围内的LC-MS测定用0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)作为流动相在pH 2.7下进行;线性梯度为10%乙腈至95%乙腈。
[b]中性范围内的LC-MS测定用0.001摩尔的碳酸氢铵水溶液和乙腈作为流动相在pH 7.8下进行;线性梯度为10%乙腈至95%乙腈。
使用具有已知logP值(logP值基于保留时间通过两个连续烷酮之间的线性内插值来测定)的非支化烷-2-酮(具有3至16个碳原子)进行校准。
NMR谱使用配有流量探头(60μl体积)的Bruker Avance 400测定。在个别情况下,NMR谱用Bruker Avance II 600测量。
所选实施例的NMR数据以经典形式(δ值,多重分裂,氢原子数)表示。信号的分裂描述如下:s(单峰)、d(双峰)、t(三重峰)、q(四重峰)、quint(五重峰)、m(多重峰)、br(宽信号)。所用的溶剂是CD3CN、CDCl3或D6-DMSO,并使用四甲基硅烷(0.00ppm)作为参考。
方法A
实施例(II-1)
制备化合物(IV-1)
将10.0g(70.3mmol)(III-1)、48.5g(317mmol)亚硫酰氯和100mol无水甲苯的混合物加热回流3小时,在减压下除去溶剂和亚硫酰氯,并且不经进一步纯化而适当用于下一步反应。
制备化合物(VI-1)
将5.65g(35.1mmol)(IV-1)、75mol无水吡啶和4.19g(38.7mmol)3-甲基氨基吡啶的混合物在氩气下加热回流8小时,在减压下除去溶剂并将残余物与100ml乙醇和0.1mol碳酸钾一起在室温下搅拌1小时,过滤出固体并将滤液蒸发至干。通过使用二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物的硅胶色谱由残余物获得产物。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600MHz);δ=3.24(s,3H),3.31(s,3H),5.83(s,1H),7.43-7-45(m,1H),7.80-7.82(m,1H),8.47-8.48(m,1H),8.52(m,1H),10.38(s,1H)ppm。
1H-NMR(CD3CN,400MHz);δ=3.30(s,3H),3.35(s,3H),5.69(s,1H),7.35-7-39(m,1H),7.65-7.68(m,1H),8.45-8.48(m,2H),8.73(br.s,1H)ppm。
制备化合物(II-1)
将4.80g(20.6mmol)(VI-1)、3.42g(12.4mmol)碳酸银(I)和10ml甲苯的混合物在氩气下在80℃下搅拌3小时。冷却至室温时,加入5.38g(31.8mmol)2-碘丙烷并将混合物在50℃下再搅拌15小时。冷却至室温时,加入25ml乙醇,过滤混合物并将滤饼冲洗3次,每次用10ml乙醇。蒸发合并的滤液并将残余物用二氯甲烷/甲醇进行色谱分离,随后至制备型HPLC。蒸发含有(II-1)的馏分并从沸腾的正庚烷中重结晶。产量2.10g(理论值的36.7%)。
1H-NMR(CD3CN,400MHz);δ=1.29(d,6H),3.35(s,3H),3.52(s,3H),4.95(sept.,1H),5.83(s,1H),7.35-7-39(m,1H),7.65-7.68(m,1H),8.45-8.48(m,2H)。
制备化合物II-1-H
类似于化合物VI-1和II-1的制备来制备化合物VI-1-H和II-I-H。
化合物(VI-1-H):
HPLC-MS:logP[n]=0.1;1H-NMR(CD3CN,400MHz);δ=3.23(s,3H),3.34(s,3H),5.69(s,1H),7.35-7.39(m,1H),7.65-7.68(m,1H),8.45-8.48(m,2H),8.65(br.S,1H)ppm。
化合物(II-1-H):
HPLC-MS:logP[n]=1.61;1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz);δ=1.35(d,6H),3.58(s,3H),5.07(m,1H),7.34-7.37(m,1H),7.57(s,1H),8.08-8.10(m,1H)8.26-8.27(m,1H),8.35(m,1H)ppm。
方法B
制备化合物(IX-1)
将10.0g(46.2mmol)N,1-二甲基-N-(吡啶-3-基)-1H-咪唑-5-甲酰胺溶解在150ml无水THF中并冷却至-78℃。在5分钟时间内逐滴加入20.34mL(50.8mmol)2.5摩尔的正丁基锂的正己烷溶液,并将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。然后在5分钟内逐滴加入12.0g(50.8mmol)溶于100ml THF中的六氯乙烷。将混合物在-78℃下再搅拌45分钟,然后经过60分钟温热至室温。将混合物倒入400ml的饱和氯化铵溶液中并用二氯甲烷重复萃取。合并有机相,用少量水洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。蒸发掉溶剂并将残余物通过用水/乙腈作为流动相的制备型反相HPLC进行纯化。这得到7.27g(理论值的62%)2-氯-N,1-二甲基-N-(吡啶-3-基)-1H-咪唑-5-甲酰胺。
HPLC-MS:logP[n]=0.88;Mass(m/z):251.1;1H-NMR(D6-DMSO,400MHz);δ=3.37(s,3H),3.75(s,3H),6.20(s,1H),7.45(m,1H),7.86(m,1H),8.49(m,1H)8.53(m,1H)ppm。
制备化合物(II-2)
首先将(XI-1)(150mg,0.59mmol)加入到二甲基甲酰胺(5.0mL)中并加入碳酸铯(389.9mg,1.19mmol)。将反应混合物在120℃下搅拌过夜,然后在减压下完全蒸馏掉溶剂。将残余物在使用乙酸乙酯/甲醇(80:20)作为流动相的硅胶上进行色谱分离。这得到56mg(理论值的27%)N,1-二甲基-N-(吡啶-3-基)-2-[3-(氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1H-咪唑-5-甲酰胺。
HPLC-MS:logP[n]=2.10;Mass(m/z):343.1;1H-NMR(CD3CN,400MHz);δ=3.39(s,3H),3.70(s,3H),5.91(s,1H),7.13(m,1H),7.20(m,1H),7.28(m,1H),7.30-40(m,2H),7.70(m,1H),8.48(m,2H)ppm。
方法C
制备化合物(II-3)
将102mg(0.37mmol)(II-1)和于1.5ml甲苯中的90.2mg(0.22mmol)的Lawesson试剂的混合物在105℃下加热1小时。在蒸发溶剂并在使用二氯甲烷/甲醇的硅胶上色谱分离残余物之后,获得12mg(理论值的11%)(XI-1)。
1H-NMR(CD3CN,400MHz);δ=1.28(d,6H),3.48(s,3H),3.78(s,3H),4.93(hept.,1H),6.08(s,1H),7.33-7.36(m,1H),7.63-7.65(m,1H),8.35(m,1H),8.41(m,1H)。
方法D
制备化合物(II-4)
将1当量的3-氯过氧苯甲酸加入到79mg(0.28mmol)(II-1)溶于1ml二氯甲烷的溶液中,将混合物搅拌过夜并将蒸发残余物在用二氯甲烷/甲醇的硅胶上色谱分离。产量:15mg(理论值的18%)。
1H-NMR(CD3CN,400MHz);δ=1.30(d,6H),3.33(s,3H),3.51(s,3H),5.00(hept.,1H),6.24(s,1H),7.25-7.32(m,2H),8.01(m,1H),8.10(s,1H)。
根据方法A至D以类似的方式制备的其他式(I)的化合物列于下表中。
表1
式(II)的化合物
其中取代基具有在表中所示的含义(Y=甲基,W=V=氢):
表2
表1中所列的化合物的1H-NMR数据:
NMR峰列表方法
所选实施例的1H-NMR数据以1H-NMR峰列表的形式说明。对于每个信号峰,首先列出以ppm计的δ值,然后在圆括号内列出信号强度。不同信号峰的δ值-信号强度数彼此以分号分隔列出。
因此,一个实施例的峰列表具有以下形式:
δ1(强度1);δ2(强度2);........;δi(强度i);........;δn(强度n)
在以cm为单位的指纹NMR谱的实例中,尖锐信号的强度与信号的高度相关,并且表明信号强度的真实比例。在宽峰信号的情况下,相比于光谱中的最强信号,可以示出信号的数个峰或中间峰及其相对强度。
1H NMR谱的化学位移的校准是使用四甲基硅烷和/或溶剂的化学位移完成,特别是在DMSO中测量的图谱的情况下。因此,在NMR峰列表中,可以但不一定出现四甲基硅烷峰。
1H NMR峰的列表与经典1H-NMR指纹类似,因此通常包含在经典NMR解析中列出的所有峰。
此外,如同经典1H-NMR指纹,它们可以示出溶剂信号、同样是本发明的主题的目标化合物的立体异构体的信号,和/或杂质的峰。
在记录溶剂和/或水的δ范围内的化合物信号时,在我们的1H NMR峰的列表中,示出了常规的溶剂峰,例如在DMSO-d6中DMSO的峰和水的峰,它们通常具有平均较高的强度。
目标化合物的立体异构体的峰和/或杂质的峰通常具有比目标化合物(例如具有>90%的纯度)的峰平均更低的强度。
这样的立体异构体和/或杂质可以是特定的制备方法所特有的。因此,通过参考“副产物指纹(by-product fingerprint)”,它们的峰可有助于识别我们的制备方法的再现性。
专业人员通过已知方法(MestreC,ACD模拟,以及使用经验估算的预期值)计算目标化合物的峰,并可视需要任选地使用其他强度滤波器来分离目标化合物的峰。这种分离与在经典1H-NMR解析中拾取相关峰相似。
1H NMR峰列表的其他细节可参见研究公开数据库(Research DisclosureDatabase)第564025号。
生物实施例
桃蚜(Myzus persicae)–喷雾测试
溶剂:78重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解,并用含有乳化剂浓度为1000ppm的水调节至所需的浓度。为了制备其他测试浓度,将该制剂用含乳化剂的水稀释。
向被所有阶段的绿桃蚜(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))侵染的大白菜(白菜(Brassicapekinensis))叶片的叶面上喷洒具有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂。
5或6天后,测定以%计的功效。100%意指所有蚜虫都已被杀死;0%意指没有蚜虫被杀死。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在500g/ha的施用率下在5天后显示出100%的功效:II-12、II-24、II-26、II-27、II-28、II-29、II-30、II-31、II-34、II-37、II-40、II-41、II-46、II-51、II-52、II-55、II-61、II-64、II-65、II-66、II-67、II-77、II-78、II-80、II-82、II-85、II-86、II-89、II-92、II-95。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在500g/ha的施用率下在6天后显示出100%的功效:II-2、II-7、II-10、II-13、II-14、II-15、II-17、II-18、II-20。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在500g/ha的施用率下在5天后显示出90%的功效:II-3、II-4、II-25、II-32、II-33、II-35,II-36、II-38、II-39、II-42、II-43、II-44、II-47、II-48、II-49、II-50、II-53、II-54、II-56、II-57、II-58、II-59、II-60、II-62、II-63、II-68、II-70、II-71、II-72、II-73、II-74、II-75、II-79、II-83、II-84、II-87、II-88、II-91、II-93。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在500g/ha的施用率下在6天后显示出90%的功效:II-5、II-6、II-8、II-9、II-21、II-22、II-23。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在100g/ha的施用率下在5天后显示出90%的功效:II-90。
二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)–喷雾测试,OP-抗性
溶剂:78.0重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解,并用含有乳化剂浓度为1000ppm的水调节至所需的浓度。为了制备其他测试浓度,将该制剂用含有乳化剂的水稀释。
向被所有阶段的温室红蜘蛛螨(二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae))侵染的菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)叶的叶面上喷洒具有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂。
6天后,测定以%计的功效。100%意指所有蜘蛛螨都已被杀死;0%意指没有蜘蛛螨被杀死。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出100%的功效:II-23、II-81、II-82、II-89。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出90%的功效:II-14、II-37、II-87、II-94。
桃蚜(Myzus persicae)-喷雾测试
溶剂:14重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解,并用含有乳化剂浓度为1000ppm的水调节至所需的浓度。为了制备其他测试浓度,将制剂用含有乳化剂的水稀释。如果需要加入铵盐或/和渗透剂,则将它们各自以1000ppm的浓度加入制剂溶液中。
通过喷洒具有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂来处理被绿桃蚜(桃蚜)严重侵染的柿子椒植物(甜椒(Capsicum annuum))。
6天后,测定以%计的杀死率。100%意指所有蚜虫都已被杀死;0%意指没有蚜虫被杀死。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:II-1。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出98%的功效:II-45。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出95%的功效:II-19。
棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)–喷雾测试
溶剂:14重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解,并用含有乳化剂浓度为1000ppm的水调节至所需的浓度。为了制备其他测试浓度,将制剂用含有乳化剂的水稀释。如果需要加入铵盐或/和渗透剂,则将它们各自以1000ppm的浓度加入制剂溶液中。
通过喷洒具有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂来处理被棉蚜(Aphisgossypii)严重侵染的棉花植物(陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum))。
6天后,测定以%计的杀死率。100%意指所有蚜虫都已被杀死;0%意指没有蚜虫被杀死。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:II-1、II-2、II-3、II-4、II-5、II-7、II-9、II-10、II-12、II-15、II-17、II-19、II-26、II-29、II-30、II-32、II-33、II-34、II-35、II-36、II-37、II-40、II-41、II-42、II-43、II-46、II-47、II-58。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出99%的功效:II-6、II-8、II-14、II-45。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出98%的功效:II-24、II-27、II-31、II-38。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出95%的功效:II-23。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:II-25。
桃蚜-口服测试
溶剂:100重量份的丙酮
为了制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解并用水调节至所需的浓度。
将50μl的活性化合物制剂转移到微量滴定板(200μl)上并用150μl的IPL41昆虫培养基(33%+15%糖)补充至200μl的终体积。随后,用封口膜密封所述板,在第二微量滴定板内有混合的绿桃蚜群体,它们能够刺穿所述封口膜并通过其而吸取溶液。
5天后,测定以%计的功效。100%意指所有蚜虫都已被杀死;0%意指没有蚜虫被杀死。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:II-1、II-2、II-3、II-4、II-6、II-7、II-8、II-9、II-10、II-12、II-13、II-14、II-15、II-16、II-17、II-18、II-19、II-20、II-23、II-24、II-25、II-26、II-27、II-29、II-30、II-31、II-32、II-33、II-34、II-35、II-36、II-37、II-38、II-40、II-41、II-42,II-43、II-44、II-45、II-46、II-47、II-48、II-49、II-50、II-51、II-53、II-54、II-55、II-56、II-56、II-57、II-58、II-59、II-60、II-62、II-63、II-65、II-66、II-67、II-68、II-69、II-70、II-71、II-72、II-73、II-74、II-75、II-78、II-80、II-82、II-84、II-86、II-87、II-88、II-89、II-90、II-91、II-92、II-93、II-94、II-95。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:II-5、II-21、II-22、II-28、II-39、II-61、II-77、II-79、II-85。
在本测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在4ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:II-52、II-64、II-83
微小牛蜱-注射测试
溶剂:二甲基亚砜
为了制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将10mg活性化合物与0.5ml溶剂混合,并用溶剂将浓液稀释到所需浓度。
将1μl活性化合物溶液注射到5只饱食的成年雌牛蜱(微小牛蜱(Boophilusmicroplus))的腹部。将动物转移到培养皿中,并放在温控室中。
7天后,通过受精卵的产卵数来评估功效。将不明显可育性的卵储存在温控箱中,直到约42天后孵出幼虫。100%的功效意指没有蜱产生任何受精卵;0%的功效意指所有卵都是能育的。
在该测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20μg/动物的施用率下显示出100%的功效:II-1。
在该测试中,例如,以下制备实施例的化合物在20μg/动物的施用率下显示出80%的功效:II-40。
例证实施例(Depositionexample)
桃蚜-喷雾测试(MYZUPE)
溶剂:78.0重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解,并用含有乳化剂浓度为1000ppm的水调节至所需的浓度。为了制备其他测试浓度,将该制剂用含有乳化剂的水稀释。
向被所有阶段的绿桃蚜(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))侵染的大白菜(白菜(Brassicapekinensis))叶的叶面上喷洒具有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂。
在所需时间后,测定以%计的功效。100%意指所有蚜虫都已被杀死;0%意指没有蚜虫被杀死。
在本测试中,例如以下制备实施例的化合物显示出较现有技术化合物优异的功效:参见表。
桃蚜–口服测试(MYZUPE O)
溶剂:100重量份的丙酮
为了制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物用所述重量份的溶剂溶解并用水调节至所需的浓度。
将50μl的活性化合物制剂转移到微量滴定板上并用150μl的IPL41昆虫培养基(33%+15%糖)补充至200μl的终体积。随后,用封口膜密封所述板,在第二微量滴定板内有混合的绿桃蚜群体,它们能够刺穿所述封口膜并通过其而吸取溶液。
5天或6天后,测定以%计的功效。100%意指所有蚜虫都已被杀死;0%意指没有蚜虫被杀死。
在本测试中,例如以下制备实施例的化合物显示出较现有技术化合物优异的功效:参见表3。
表3:
Claims (9)
1.式(II)的化合物及其盐,
其中
Q代表氧或硫,
V代表氢,
W代表选自以下的基团:氢、氯和溴,
X代表选自以下的基团:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环戊基、仲丁基、烯丙基、3-甲氧基丙基、3-氰基丙基、环己基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、3-氟丙基、2-甲硫基乙基、2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫烷基]乙基、3,4,4,4-四氟-3-三氟甲基丁基、四氢呋喃-3-基、四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基、四氢-2H-噻喃-4-基、苯基、3-甲硫基苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、2,5-二氟苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、3-氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、3-三氟甲氧基苯基、4-氟苄基、吡啶-2-基、嘧啶-2-基甲基、5-氯吡啶-3-基、6-氯吡啶-3-基、5-氟吡啶-3-基、6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基、吡啶-3-基甲基、6-氟吡啶-3-基、6-甲基吡啶-3-基、6-[6-氯吡啶-3-基氧基]吡啶-3-基、6-[6-氟吡啶-3-基氧基]吡啶-3-基、6-{6-[6-氟吡啶-3-基氧基]吡啶-3-基}氧吡啶-3-基、4-甲基吡啶-3-基、5-甲基吡啶-3-基、吡啶-3-基、6-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基、6-氯-5-甲基吡啶-3-基、6-氰基吡啶-3-基、6-氯-4-甲基吡啶-3-基、5-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、6-溴吡啶-3-基、5-氰基吡啶-3-基、喹啉-3-基、5,6-二甲氧基吡啶-3-基、4-氯吡啶-3-基、2-氯吡啶-3-基、5-溴吡啶-3-基、5-氯-2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基、2-氟-6-甲基吡啶-3-基、3-氰基苯基、3-乙氧基苯基、3-乙酰氨基苯基、3-乙基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、3-丙基苯基、2-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、3-甲基磺酰基苯基、3-苯氧基苯基、3-丁基硫烷基苯基、4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、3-甲氧基碳化亚氨基苯基、3-氯-4-甲基苯基、3-氟-5-三氟甲基苯基、3-氯-5-三氟甲基苯基、3-氯-5-甲氧基苯基或3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基,
Y代表甲基,
A代表选自以下的基团:氢、甲基、乙基和环丙基,
T代表电子对。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物及其盐,其中
Q代表氧,
V代表氢,
W代表氢,
X代表选自以下的基团:甲基、异丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫烷基]乙基、四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基、2,5-二氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、6-氯吡啶-3-基、5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基、6-氟吡啶-3-基、喹啉-3-基,
Y代表甲基,
A代表选自以下的基团:甲基、乙基和环丙基,
T代表电子对。
3.组合物,其包含至少一种权利要求1或2所述的化合物以及常规填充剂和/或表面活性剂,所述组合物用于防治动物害虫。
4.防治动物害虫的方法,其中使至少一种权利要求1或2所述的化合物或权利要求3所述的组合物作用于动物害虫和/或其生境,其中不包括对人体或动物体的外科手术、治疗性和诊断性处理。
5.至少一种权利要求1或2所述的化合物或权利要求3所述的组合物用于防治动物害虫的用途,其中不包括对人体或动物体的外科手术、治疗性和诊断性处理。
6.至少一种权利要求1或2所述的化合物用于保护植物繁殖材料的用途。
7.农用化学制剂,其包含基于农用化学制剂的重量计的0.00000001至98重量%的生物有效量的至少一种权利要求1或2所述的化合物以及填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
8.根据权利要求7的农用化学制剂,其还包含其他活性农用化学成分。
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- 2017-02-06 AU AU2017217184A patent/AU2017217184A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2017-02-06 KR KR1020187022835A patent/KR20180107142A/ko unknown
- 2017-02-06 BR BR112018016364-3A patent/BR112018016364A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-02-06 CN CN201780014347.3A patent/CN108699045B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-02-06 CA CA3013963A patent/CA3013963A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-02-06 JP JP2018541694A patent/JP6892866B2/ja active Active
- 2017-02-06 WO PCT/EP2017/052502 patent/WO2017137339A1/de active Application Filing
- 2017-02-09 TW TW106104210A patent/TWI721097B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-02-10 UY UY0001037117A patent/UY37117A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-02-10 AR ARP170100331A patent/AR107587A1/es unknown
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- 2018-08-10 CO CONC2018/0008398A patent/CO2018008398A2/es unknown
- 2018-08-10 PH PH12018501706A patent/PH12018501706A1/en unknown
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PH12018501706A1 (en) | 2019-05-20 |
ES2845902T3 (es) | 2021-07-28 |
EP3414237B1 (de) | 2020-12-23 |
CN108699045A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
EP3414237A1 (de) | 2018-12-19 |
RU2018132172A (ru) | 2020-03-11 |
CL2018002298A1 (es) | 2018-11-23 |
US20190040042A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
IL260640B (en) | 2020-07-30 |
CA3013963A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
US10647699B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
TW201741300A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
KR20180107142A (ko) | 2018-10-01 |
WO2017137339A1 (de) | 2017-08-17 |
MX2018009809A (es) | 2018-09-10 |
CO2018008398A2 (es) | 2018-08-21 |
BR112018016364A2 (pt) | 2018-12-18 |
AU2017217184A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
AR107587A1 (es) | 2018-05-16 |
TWI721097B (zh) | 2021-03-11 |
UY37117A (es) | 2017-09-29 |
JP6892866B2 (ja) | 2021-06-23 |
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