CN108698928A - 多功能复合式建筑材料及其施工方法 - Google Patents
多功能复合式建筑材料及其施工方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108698928A CN108698928A CN201680082536.XA CN201680082536A CN108698928A CN 108698928 A CN108698928 A CN 108698928A CN 201680082536 A CN201680082536 A CN 201680082536A CN 108698928 A CN108698928 A CN 108698928A
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- construction
- multifunctional composite
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- construction material
- composite construction
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 Diethanolamine lauryl sulphonic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001053 Nickel-zinc ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical group OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFIJBZKUGCJPOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Ni].[Zn] Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni].[Zn] RFIJBZKUGCJPOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008135 aqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/948—Fire-proof sealings or joints
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- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
- C04B2103/304—Air-entrainers
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/50—Defoamers, air detrainers
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- C04B2103/601—Agents for increasing frost resistance
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B2103/605—UV-stabilising agents
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- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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Abstract
本发明涉及多功能复合式建筑材料及其施工方法，材料功能包括保温、保冷、断热、防水、防湿、防火、防剥离、隔音、防白化、空气净化、灭菌、负离子产生等多功能。本发明提供了多功能复合式建筑材料；主要选用了纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锌等纳米材料，此外还选用纳米级的镍‑钴铁氧体或者镍‑锌铁氧体；表面活性剂；二乙醇胺月桂磺酸酯或者蛋白提取液，纸浆废液，硅土等加气剂；金刚保健石、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)等增稠剂；磷酸3丁基酯或者丁醇等泡沫消除剂，把上述原料按一定比率组合成多功能复合式建筑材料。本发明还提供了其施工方法；将上述多功能复合式建筑材料和载色剂搅合后，直接喷雾或者涂抹到建筑物内外的混凝土层或者粉刷抹灰层。
Description
背景技术
目前，住宅、公共房屋、地下构造物、冷冻设施、墙板式建筑、渠道隧洞、隧道、公路设施等建筑物都在施工混凝土作业和砌墙以及建筑构造后，再经过一些防水、防湿、贴保温材料或者贴泡沫板、钢筋网施工或者镀锌钢筋网施工、扩展及固定螺栓施工、第2次抹灰、薄抹灰、研磨、粉刷内外墙涂料等工程后完成，为此需要许多材料，劳务，资金以及工程周期。
随着绿色环保建筑技术和节能技术的发展以及人民生活水平的提供，对零能源、零碳建筑物的需求越来越多，尤其要求对于保温、防水、防湿以及防火材料的施工等一些过程进行一次性施工，要实现工程周期的缩短，降低造价，提高建筑的寿命和质量。
现有的建筑材料在性能上均存在保温或者断热单一性的功能缺点，为了克服现有的缺陷，很多国外企业正在研发具有多功能的建筑材料。
中国专利文献CN104591681中提到了无机高校防水绝热建筑材料及其应用。上述材料的特征在于，导热系数很低、抗拉强度范围在400kpa以下、压缩强度大，具有防火及无燃烧、防水性能，用于建筑物墙面，地下室和屋顶层的保温、绝热、防水。该材料的特点在于，可与水混合后直接使用。
中国专利文献CN101172817中提到了用于建筑物屋顶和墙面的具有防水、绝热、保温、绝冷的建筑材料及其应用。
中国专利文献CN101172817中的建筑材料由白水泥，腻子粉，轻钙粉，矿渣，石英，珠光砂，玻化微珠，锯木灰，抗裂纤维，聚乙烯醇，光亮剂和清洁水混合制成。中国专利文献CN101172817还提供了利用上述建筑材料制成防水断热保温防冻屋顶和墙体的方法以及其施工方法。
本发明的目的在于，提供一种多功能复合式建筑材料，其功能包括保温，防冻，断热，防水，防湿，防火，防剥离、隔音、防白化、空气净化、灭菌、负离子产生等一些性能。
本发明还提供一种施工方法，利用多功能复合式建筑材料进行一次性施工，替代并简化在建筑工程中墨守成规的几个施工过程，使节省更多建材，资金和劳务，进而不但提高施工速度，使用寿命也提高3倍以上。
同时本发明还提供一种施工方法，多功能复合式建筑材料和载色剂组合后，直接喷雾或者粉刷建筑物内外的混凝土板或者砂浆抹灰涂层，使施工后的厚度达到0.5mm以上。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明涉及一种多功能复合式建筑材料及其施工方法，多功能复合式建筑材料的性能包括保温，保冷，绝热，防水，防湿，防火，防剥离、隔音、防白化、空气净化、灭菌、负离子产生等一些性能。
技术方案
本发明提供了一种多功能复合式建筑材料；主要选用了纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锌等纳米材料，此外还选用纳米级的镍-钴铁氧体或者镍-锌铁氧体；表面活性剂；二乙醇胺月桂磺酸酯或者蛋白提取液，纸浆废液，硅土等加气剂；金刚保健石、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)等增稠剂；磷酸3丁基酯或者丁醇等泡沫消除剂，把上述原料按一定比率组合制成多功能复合式建筑材料。
本法明还提供了一种施工方法，利用多功能复合式建筑材料一次性施工可替代建筑修整工程中的一些几个施工过程。
同时本发明还提供了一种施工方法，将上述多功能复合式建筑材料和载色剂组合后，直接把它喷雾或者粉刷建筑物内外的混凝土板或者砂浆抹灰涂层，形成厚度为0.5mm以上的纳米层，使在混凝土层或者砂浆抹灰涂层里充满了纳米级的微细气孔，从而实现保温、保冷、绝热，防水，防湿，防火，防剥离，隔音，防白化，空气净化，灭菌，产生负离子等一些功能都成为一体化。
具体实施方式
纳米级的镍-钴铁氧体或者镍-锌铁氧体15～30％、表面活性剂2～5％、二乙醇胺月桂磺酸酯或者蛋白提取液、纸浆废液、硅土等加气剂5～10％、“金刚”保健石15～25％、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)等增稠剂1～2％、磷酸3丁基酯或者丁醇等泡沫消除剂1～2％。
纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化铝和纳米氧化锌原料是通过化学手段得到的分子状态的纳米物，其里面包含着许多微细的气孔。
纳米物的粒度是红外线波长的1/100，红外线波能量比纳米物的动能大，因此具有很强的红外线吸收性能。
因紫外线的电磁波能量无法影响纳米物，体现紫外线反射特性，所以具有断热性能和紫外线屏蔽性能，材料的导热系数为0.015～0.022w/mk。
铁氧体没有外部的电场也可以形成电极，并且不受气温和湿度的影响。由于铁氧体不衰落，可以长时间体现负离子的产生及空气净化效果，每1cm3的负离子的数量为590个以上。
作为表面活性剂，三乙醇胺起到对纳米材料分散作用，而且一旦与水泥混合，就变成促硬化的透明粘性液体。
二乙醇胺月桂磺酸酯作为加气剂，当与水泥混合时，形成微细气泡，改善可加工性。
实施例：多功能复合式建筑材料的组成如下：
纳米氧化锌 10％
纳米二氧化钛 10％
纳米二氧化硅 10％
纳米氧化铝 10％
镍-锌铁氧体 25％
二乙醇胺月桂磺酸酯 10％
“金刚”保健石 20％
硬脂酸钠 2％
羟乙基纤维素(HEC) 2％
磷酸3丁基酯或者丁醇 1％
上述多功能复合式建筑材料具有保温、保冷、绝热、防水、防湿、防火、防剥离、隔音、防白化、空气净化、灭菌、负离子产生等特性。
上述多功能复合式建筑材料不受季节或者气温的影响，不管干工法还是湿工法，四季都可以作业。
另外由于不受冷、热、湿度的影响，建筑物的寿命可提高到3倍以上。
上述多功能复合式建筑材料由纳米材料组成，因此对混凝土抹灰层的水渗透性很小，可节约50％的各种涂料。
本发明还涉及上述多功能复合式建筑材料的施工方法。
本发明提供一种施工方法，在建筑修整工程时，以多功能复合式建筑材料进行一次性施工替代目前的几个建筑施工过程。
建筑物都在施工混凝土作业结束(砌墙以及建筑构造工程)结束后，再经过一些防水、防湿、粘贴保温材料或者贴泡沫板、镀锌钢筋网施工、扩展及固定螺栓施工、第2次抹灰、薄抹灰、研磨、粉刷内外墙涂料等工程后完成。
本发明提供的方法，将上述多功能复合式建筑材料和载色剂混合后，直接对建筑的内外墙的混凝土层或者水泥抹灰层进行一次施工，因而不需要上述施工过程，实现简化施工。
在施工时，将多功能复合式建筑材料30～40％和载色剂60～70％混合而使用该混合物。
根据施工目的，载色剂选用涂料、防水剂、各种无机涂料、胶乳、聚乙烯、丙烯酸树脂等水性载色剂和五元树脂、甘酞树脂、硅树脂、氟树脂、环氧树脂等油性载色剂。
根据本发明提供的施工方法，施工速度提高到5倍以上而节省许多材料、造价和劳务。
上述多功能复合式建筑材料的施工方法如下。
先扫干净施工面，浇水使施工面充分润湿。
根据施工目的，多功能复合式建筑材料和载色剂按7：3或者6：4的比率均搅和，再取上述混合物，水泥和水，按1：3：5的比率均匀搅拌做成配合料1。然后取上述混合物，水泥和水按1～1.5：3：4的比率均匀搅拌后做成配合料2。
用喷雾器，刷子，刷辊等工具在施工面涂抹配合料1，施工外部面时，重复粉刷2～3遍，施工内部面时，重复粉刷1～2遍。
用配合料2抹平成厚度为0.5mm的面层，并进行压光成光滑面层。
施工后4～6小时后，为了防止施工面半干，经常浇水养护上述施工面层。
此时在混凝土面层或者砂浆面层形了成纳米层，而内部形成了不溶性水合产物，这样生成含着许多微细气孔的层面，达到保温、保冷、断热、防水、防湿、防剥离、隔音、防白化、空气净化、灭菌、负离子产生的效果。
上述多功能复合式建筑材料可广泛应用于住宅、公共建筑、楼房、地下建筑、各种大型冷冻房、暖房、钢板建筑、隧道、公路设施等所有建筑物。
Claims (9)
1.一种多功能复合式建筑材料，其特征在于，所述建筑材料具有保温、保冷、断热、防水、防湿、防火、防剥离、隔音、防白化、空气净化、灭菌、负离子产生的性能，
所述建筑材料的原料包括纳米材料30～40％；纳米级的镍-钴铁氧体或者镍-锌铁氧体15～30％；表面活性剂2～5％；加气剂5～10％；金刚药石15～25％；增稠剂1～2％；泡沫消除剂1～2％，其中，所述纳米材料包括纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化铝和纳米氧化锌。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合式建筑材料，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为氧化胺表面活性剂，更好的是三乙醇胺或者硬脂酸钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合式建筑材料，其特征在于，所述的加气剂为二乙醇胺月桂磺酸酯或者蛋白提取液，纸浆废液，硅土。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合式建筑材料，其特征在于，所述的增稠剂为羟乙基纤维素，所述的泡沫消除剂为磷酸3丁基酯或者丁醇。
5.实现权利要求1所述的多功能复合式建筑材料的施工方法，其特征在于，所述施工方法替代建筑物修整工程所需要的几个施工过程。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用多功能复合式建筑材料的施工方法，其特征在于，所述的多功能复合式建筑材料30％～40％和载色剂60～70％混合后，直接用于建筑物的内外的混凝土层或者砂浆层面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的施工方法，其特征在于，根据施工目的，所述的载色剂选用如下的油性载色剂：内外涂料、防水剂、各种无机物涂料、胶乳、聚乙烯、丙烯酸树脂等水性载色剂和五元树脂、甘酞树脂、硅树脂、氟树脂、环氧树脂。
8.实现权利要求1所述的一种多功能复合式建筑材料的应用，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
a)扫干净施工基础面，之后浇水使得施工面充分润湿；
b)根据施工对象，把多功能复合式建筑材料和载色剂按7：3或者6：4的比率搅和；
c)将上述混合物、水泥和水按1：3：5的比率均匀搅合制成配合料1，并将所述混合物、水泥和水按1～1.5：3：4的比率搅合制成配合料2；
d)用喷雾器或刷子在施工面粉刷上述配合料1，外面施工时，重复粉刷2～3遍，内面施工时，重复粉刷1～2遍；
e)用配合料2抹平成厚度为0.5mm以上的面层，并进行压光成光滑面层；
f)施工完毕4～6小时后，为防止施工面半干，经常浇水养护上述施工面层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合式建筑材料的用途，其特征在于，所述多功能复合式建筑材料广泛用于住宅、公共建筑、高层楼房、地下建筑物、各种大型冷冻设施、暖房设施、钢板建筑、隧道、公路设施等所有建筑对象。
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|---|---|
| CA3048306A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
| EP3558889A1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
| US20200148595A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
| RU2724168C1 (ru) | 2020-06-22 |
| AU2016433961A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
| WO2018124314A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
| EP3558889A4 (en) | 2020-08-26 |
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