CN108688652A - 用于运行机动车辆的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车辆的方法 Download PDF

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CN108688652A
CN108688652A CN201810305899.6A CN201810305899A CN108688652A CN 108688652 A CN108688652 A CN 108688652A CN 201810305899 A CN201810305899 A CN 201810305899A CN 108688652 A CN108688652 A CN 108688652A
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motor vehicles
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A·蒙策尔特
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/06Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
    • B62D7/14Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
    • B62D7/15Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels
    • B62D7/159Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels characterised by computing methods or stabilisation processes or systems, e.g. responding to yaw rate, lateral wind, load, road condition
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/02Control of vehicle driving stability
    • B60W30/045Improving turning performance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1755Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/176Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS
    • B60T8/1761Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS responsive to wheel or brake dynamics, e.g. wheel slip, wheel acceleration or rate of change of brake fluid pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/06Automatic manoeuvring for parking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D11/00Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
    • B62D11/02Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides
    • B62D11/06Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source
    • B62D11/08Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using brakes or clutches as main steering-effecting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D11/00Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
    • B62D11/24Endless track steering specially adapted for vehicles having both steerable wheels and endless track
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/027Parking aids, e.g. instruction means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D9/00Steering deflectable wheels not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/60Load
    • B60G2400/61Load distribution
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/21Traction, slip, skid or slide control
    • B60G2800/215Traction, slip, skid or slide control by applying a braking action on each wheel individually
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/90System Controller type
    • B60G2800/95Automatic Traction or Slip Control [ATC]
    • B60G2800/952Electronic driving torque distribution
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2201/00Particular use of vehicle brake systems; Special systems using also the brakes; Special software modules within the brake system controller
    • B60T2201/16Curve braking control, e.g. turn control within ABS control algorithm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/20Sideslip angle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车辆(1)的方法,该机动车辆配备有行驶动态调节系统(20),通过该行驶动态调节系统可以针对性地制动该机动车辆(1)的单个车轮(11‑14)。为了防止在机动车辆调车时产生不希望的噪声,在调车过程中针对性地影响这些车轮(11‑14)中的一个车轮,以便在调车时牵引或迫使该机动车辆(1)到较小的转弯圆上,在该调车过程中两个前轮(11,12)以大幅度的车轮偏转角偏转,其中,由于地面接触而在这些前轮(11,12)处产生摩擦。

Description

用于运行机动车辆的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车辆的方法,该机动车辆配备有行驶动态调节装置,通过该行驶动态调节装置可以针对性地制动该机动车辆的单个车轮。本发明还涉及一种用于运行机动车辆的行驶动态调节系统。
背景技术
从欧洲专利公开说明书EP 0 992 373 A2已知一种用于机动车辆的缩短制动距离和改善牵引的方法,该机动车辆具有在至少一个车桥处带有至少一个调节驱动器的侧倾稳定系统,该调节驱动器被安排在一个底盘稳定器的两个半部之间,其中在这些车桥处的这些调节驱动器以如下方式沿对角线地、反向地施加应力,使得这些车轮的支撑力对应于所测量的不同摩擦系数而提高或降低,从而在车道表面在左侧和右侧不同程度地抓地的情况下,通过使用该侧倾稳定系统,可以实现制动距离缩短和牵引改善。从德国专利公开说明书DE 10 2008 048 222 A1已知一种用于调节机动车辆的至少一个后轮的车轮偏转角度的转向装置,其中如下地控制该转向装置:该转向装置在该后车桥的至少一个车轮处调节前束或后束。从德国专利公开说明书DE 40 15 974 A1已知一种可转向的机动车辆后桥,其具有支承不可转向的车轮的多个侧向的、刚性的纵向转向杆,这些纵向转向杆借助其远离车轮的前部末端通过橡胶弹性的轴承可枢转地铰接在车辆车身处并且分别通过形状稳定地与之接合的、围绕其纵向轴线可扭转的横向支柱而彼此连接,其中依赖于该车辆的运行参数,通过一个使这些纵向转向杆枢转的调节构件,这些车轮可以产生与前轮的转向运动反向或同向的转向运动。从德国专利公开说明书DE 10 2008 003 901 A1已知一种用于调节双车辙、双车桥的机动车辆的车轮负荷的方法,该机动车辆设置有适合用于尤其借助于所谓的主动稳定器来改变车轮负荷分布的系统,其中在车辆两侧的摩擦系数不同的情况下,这些车辆车桥被反向地施加应力,其方式为:在第一车桥处,在第一车辆侧的车轮的竖直负荷提高并且在第二车辆侧的车轮的竖直负荷减小;同时,在第二车桥处,在该第一车辆侧的车轮的竖直负荷减小并且在该第二车辆侧的车轮的竖直负荷提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,防止在机动车辆调车时、尤其是在驶入或驶出停车位时产生不希望的噪声,该机动车辆配备有行驶动态调节装置,通过该行驶动态调节装置可以针对性地制动该机动车辆的单个车轮。
在用于运行机动车辆(该机动车辆配备有行驶动态控制装置,通过该行驶动态控制装置能够针对性地制动该机动车辆的单个车轮)的方法中,该目的是通过以下方式实现的:在调车过程中针对性地影响这些车轮中的一个车轮,以便在调车时牵引或迫使该机动车辆到较小的转弯圆上,在该调车过程中两个前轮以大幅度的车轮偏转角偏转,其中,由于地面接触而在这些前轮处产生摩擦。调车过程优选地涉及泊车过程或停车过程,即,该机动车辆驶入停车位的过程或驶出停车位的过程。该转向装置的偏转、尤其最大偏转被理解为大幅度的车轮偏转,例如在向停车位中驶入时或在向停车位置中调车时执行的偏转。通过在调车过程中针对性地影响其中一个车轮可以以简单的方式和方法来优化机动车辆的转弯圆。在针对性地影响或操作其中一个车轮时,所涉及的车轮可以例如被制动或被施加改变了的驱动力矩。由此,在机动车辆调车时可以特别有利地防止其中一个前轮的不希望的跳动。
该方法的一个优选实施例的特征在于:在调车过程中针对性地制动弯道内侧的后轮,以便减小弯道外侧的前轮的偏移。由此,可以在调车时防止或至少减少不希望的现象,该现象又被称作泊车摩擦(Parkierrubbeln)。尤其通过以下方式防止在调车时产生不希望的噪声:即,通过有针对性地、较小地驱动弯道内侧的后轮来避免弯道外侧的前轮间歇性地打滑。针对性地制动弯道内侧的后轮有利地借助于车辆内部的行驶动态调节装置来引入。
此外,该方法的另一个优选实施例的特征在于:在调车过程中针对性地以较小的驱动力矩来驱动弯道内侧的后轮,以便减小弯道外侧的前轮的偏移。由此,可以在调车时防止或至少减少不希望的现象,该现象又被称作泊车摩擦。尤其通过以下方式防止在调车时产生不希望的噪声:即,通过有针对性地、较小地驱动弯道内侧的后轮来避免弯道外侧的前轮间歇性地打滑。驱动力矩的针对性的改变有利地通过机动车内部的扭矩分配调节来引入。为了表示扭矩分配,在汽车领域也使用英文术语“Torque Vectoring(扭矩矢量分配)”。
此外,该方法的另一个优选实施例的特征在于:在调车过程中针对性地以较大的驱动力矩来驱动弯道外侧的后轮,以便减小弯道外侧的前轮的偏移。由此,可以在调车时防止或至少减少不希望的现象,该现象又被称作泊车摩擦。尤其通过以下方式防止在调车时产生不希望的噪声:即,通过针对性地、较大幅度地驱动弯道外侧的后轮来避免弯道外侧的前轮的间歇性打滑。驱动力矩的针对性的改变有利地通过机动车内部的扭矩分配调节来引入。为了表示扭矩分配,在汽车领域也使用英文术语“Torque Vectoring”。
此外,该方法的另一个优选实施例的特征在于:使弯道外侧的前轮被牵引到较小的转弯轨迹上。较小的转弯轨迹例如意味着:弯道外侧的前轮被牵引到具有较小弯道半径的轨迹或转弯轨迹上。这可以通过前面描述的措施来实现。
此外,该方法的另一个优选实施例的特征在于:使弯道内侧的前轮被牵引到较小的转弯轨迹上。通过前述措施中的至少一个措施,还有利地使弯道内侧的前轮被牵引到较小的转弯轨迹上。较小的转弯轨迹在这里例如也意味着具有较小弯道半径的轨迹或转弯轨迹。
本发明还涉及一种用于根据前述方法来运行机动车辆的行驶动态调节系统。该行驶动态调节系统有利地包括用于针对性地制动车轮的适合的致动装置。
在适当时,本发明还涉及一种在根据先前描述的方法运行机动车辆时调节扭矩分配的系统。通过该用于调节扭矩分配的系统可以针对性地以较小的或较大的驱动力矩来驱动单个车轮。
此外,本发明涉及一种具有用于执行前述方法的程序代码的计算机程序产品。该计算机程序例如被实施在机动车辆的控制器中,在机动车辆调车时通过该计算机程序来控制前述行驶动态调节系统和/或前述用于调节扭矩分配的系统。
此外,本发明涉及一种具有前述计算机程序产品的控制器,该控制器用于控制行驶动态调节系统和/或用于控制用于调节扭矩分配的系统。
此外,本发明涉及一种机动车辆,该机动车辆具有:行驶动态调节系统、和/或用于调节扭矩分配的系统、和/或前述控制器。
附图说明
本发明的进一步的优点、特征和细节将从以下说明中显现,其中参见附图对不同的实施例进行了详细说明。在附图中:
图1示出了带有底盘的机动车辆在调车过程中的简化图,该底盘包括两个前轮和两个后轮,并且
图2示出了与图1相似的图示,其中,在转弯过程中针对性地影响或操作其中一个车轮,以便在转弯时牵引或迫使该机动车辆到更小的转弯圆上。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中,大幅度简化地展示了具有底盘3的机动车辆1。底盘3包括两个可转向的前轮11、12和两个不可转向的后轮13、14。
在图1至图2中,为了调车、尤其为了驶入或驶出停车位,机动车辆1的前轮11、12大幅度地、尤其最大程度地向右偏转。在此,在所示俯视图中,前轮11、12相对于车辆纵向轴线向右枢转。
在图1中,弯道内侧的前轮11描绘了转弯轨迹15。弯道外侧的前轮12描绘了转弯轨迹16。在转弯轨迹15和16之间指示了弯道外侧的前轮12的理论转弯轨迹17。
机动车辆1优选涉及一种跑车,该跑车在前桥的区域中仅具有在转向时用于车轮偏转的有限的结构空间。该结构空间的限制一方面是由于大的轮胎宽度导致的。此外,该结构空间在预先确定了转弯圆的情况下受车轮偏转的限制。此外,该结构空间受到车身纵梁的直线形状的限制。
由于结构空间限制而导致的瓶颈例如可以通过相对较低的阿克曼比例(Ackermann-Anteile)保持在一定的界限内。因此,例如在泊车时(尤其是在特定的天气条件下)产生不希望的轮胎噪声、甚至导致轮胎跳动。
在本发明范围内进行的尝试、研究以及测试表明:弯道外侧的前轮12比弯道内侧的前轮11打滑更严重。将通过转弯轨迹15中的多个级别来展示黏-滑效应,在本发明范围内这种黏-滑效应被视为泊车时不希望的噪声的原因。黏-滑效应意味着:在调车、尤其是泊车时,弯道外侧的前轮12间歇性地打滑,而弯道内侧的前轮11没有显示这种效应。
在图2中,用矩形20来指示机动车辆1配备有行驶动态调节系统20。通过行驶动态调节系统20,在极端情况下可以通过针对性地制动单个车轮来影响机动车辆1的行驶动态。在本发明范围内已经证明的是:车辆动态调节系统20也可以在机动车辆1泊车或调车时影响先前被称为泊车摩擦的现象。
当通过行驶动态调节系统20制动弯道内侧的后轮13时,于是机动车辆1被牵引到较小的转弯圆上并且降低了弯道外侧的前轮12的偏移以及由此产生的泊车摩擦。针对性制动干预的确切参数被存储在机动车辆1中的例如同样仅用矩形25所指示的控制器中。替代性地或此外,可以针对性地影响或操作至少一个单个车轮的驱动力矩。
在图2中通过转弯轨迹21指示了:当弯道内侧的后轮13被制动时,弯道内侧的前轮11被牵引到较小的转弯圆上。通过转弯轨迹22指示了:当弯道内侧的后轮13被制动时,弯道外侧的前轮12同样特别有利地被牵引到较小的且较无偏移的轨迹上。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行机动车辆(1)的方法,该机动车辆配备有行驶动态调节装置(20),通过该行驶动态调节装置能够针对性地制动该机动车辆(1)的单个车轮(11-14),其特征在于,在调车过程中针对性地影响这些车轮(11-14)中的一个车轮,以便在调车时牵引或迫使该机动车辆(1)到较小的转弯圆上,在该调车过程中两个前轮(11,12)以大幅度的车轮偏转角偏转,其中,由于地面接触而在这些前轮(11,12)处产生摩擦。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在调车过程中针对性地制动弯道内侧的后轮(13),以便减小弯道外侧的前轮(12)的偏移。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在调车过程中针对性地以较小的驱动力矩来驱动弯道内侧的后轮(13),以便减小弯道外侧的前轮(12)的偏移。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在调车过程中针对性地以较大的驱动力矩来驱动弯道外侧的后轮(14),以便减小弯道外侧的前轮(12)的偏移。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,使弯道外侧的前轮(12)被牵引到较小的转弯轨迹(22)上。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,使弯道内侧的前轮(11)被牵引到较小的转弯轨迹(21)上。
7.一种行驶动态调节系统(20),用于根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法来运行机动车辆(1)。
8.一种计算机程序产品,具有用于执行根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法的程序代码。
9.一种用于控制行驶动态调节系统(20)的控制器(25),该控制器具有根据权利要求8所述的计算机程序产品。
10.一种机动车辆(1),具有根据权利要求7所述的行驶动态调节系统(20)和/或具有根据权利要求9所述的控制器(25)。
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