CN108680188A - PST tests the test method with pole weak signal target simulation system and PST, detectivity - Google Patents
PST tests the test method with pole weak signal target simulation system and PST, detectivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN108680188A CN108680188A CN201810644649.5A CN201810644649A CN108680188A CN 108680188 A CN108680188 A CN 108680188A CN 201810644649 A CN201810644649 A CN 201810644649A CN 108680188 A CN108680188 A CN 108680188A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of PST tests and pole weak signal target simulation system and the test method of PST, detectivity, system includes mainly point source transmission measurement system, pole weak signal target simulation system and master control system；Point source transmission measurement is simulated two big systems with pole weak signal target to be closely combined together, realize the commonality of primary clustering, and the structure for passing through hypobaric, the vacuum degree of point source transmission measurement, pole weak signal target simulation system is reduced to 50Pa by the present invention, and the test lower limit of point source transmitance can reach 10‑15, pole weak signal target simulates lower limit can be to+18Mv；Largely solve influence of the environment to both test systems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of optical detection, are related to point source transmission measurement and pole weak signal target simulation system and its test side
Method more particularly to a kind of be directed to detect class camera point source transmitance, the test system of limit detection ability parameter and test method.
Background technology
The analysis work that optical system point source transmitance (Points Source Transmittance) is tested plays in foreign countries
Step is early, and the Space Dynamics Laboratory of Utah State University are just established in the seventies in last century
PST test device Black Hole, PST can be to 10-15, reached Rayleigh scattering background.2008, U.S. Ball
Aerospace＆Technologies Corp companies develop a kind of novel Stray Light Test system, this system needs one
A completely black and cleannes grade is the experimental situation of Pyatyi, and 58 inches × 20 inches of this set system dimension, there are one twin columns
The cavity of jar structure, reflection light when for reflecting away test outside instrument pass through experimental result preliminary identification 10-9Below
PST performances.
Currently, domestic Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai skill object is completed three wave band point source transmission measurement systems, three wave band difference
For 0.66um, 2.2um, 10.6um, PST test scopes：10-5~1；PST measuring accuracies：Lg (measured value/actual value) is better than
0.5。
Star simulator is usually used in the target that the optical systems such as analog detection camera, star sensor are detected, and can simulate mesh
The indexs such as target illumination, spectrum are typically used for the passes such as the detectivity of the detection detection optical systems such as camera or star sensor
Key index.The typical target of modern times detection camera is the passive targets such as enemy satellites and the guided missile of air external reflectance sunlight, this
Class target by sun altitude, target reflectivity is low, distance is remote etc., and objective factors are limited, signal is usually very weak, object illumination
Corresponding magnitude value is high, it is therefore desirable to detectivity of the examination detection camera to such high magnitude target.Meanwhile survey of deep space
The development of project promotes the development of the stronger star sensor of magnitude observing capacity, the ground detection of star sensor and calibration,
Star simulator is asked to have ability of the simulation not less than 10 magnitude targets.
Currently, the domestic magnitude detectivity detection to optical systems such as detection cameras is mainly carried out by astronomical observation,
It is influenced by uncertain factors such as atmospheric density, transmitance, sky brightness, it is difficult to obtain compellent testing result.Some are made
Person studies laboratory dim light star simulator, for the problem of calibrating of high magnitude, has developed direct method and indirect method.Directly
For connection using the single photon counter based on photomultiplier as energy measuring equipment, highest detection magnitude has reached 16 etc.
Star.Indirect method star simulator mainly goes out in conjunction with continuously adjustable diaphragm in parallel light tube including integrating sphere point light source and parallel light tube
Simulated target illumination at optical port demarcates simulating stellar magnitude by the accurate each element for measuring influence object illumination indirectly.
Indirect method realizes the simulation of 14 equal stars in sunlight wave band at present, and having reached 16 in the analog capability of ultraviolet band waits stars.
Detection being completed for task of camera is the remote dim point target of detection, the core of optical lens and hood
Heart index is point source transmitance (PST), and system core index is limit detection ability, encircled energy etc..
PST is tested and the simulation of pole weak signal target, is the measurement to detecting class camera, but still have any different between the two.In order to
The detectivity for improving detection camera, needs to control the PST of optical system.In order to laboratory to detect camera
Detection performance demarcated, need to establish dim light star simulator.The lower limit of PST tests at this stage is difficult to break through, dim light star mould
For quasi- device also by many influences of test environment, and when independent test above-mentioned parameter, equipment cost is higher.
Invention content
Lower limit difficulty in order to solve the test of PST at this stage is broken through, dim light star simulator by test environment many influences
And the problems such as of high cost, the present invention provides one kind capable of realizing detection class camera lens point source transmission measurement, system core
The pole weak signal target simulation system of index test.By the structure of hypobaric, can largely solve environment to this two
The influence of kind test system.Using the general character of two test systems, large component is public, can effectively save construction cost.
Technical solution of the invention is to provide a kind of point source transmission measurement and pole weak signal target simulation system, special
Place is：Above system includes point source transmission measurement system, pole weak signal target simulation system and master control system；
Above-mentioned point source transmission measurement system includes laser source system, chopper, the collimating mirror set gradually along light path
Component receives system and detection system；Above-mentioned point source transmission measurement system further includes collimating mirror lower pressure tanks, low pressure twin columns
Tank, multiple degrees of freedom turntable and lock-in amplifier；Camera to be measured is carried on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, positioned at going out for collimation mirror assembly
It penetrates in light path, above-mentioned reception system is located between collimation mirror assembly and camera to be measured, and above-mentioned detection system is located at camera to be measured
Position of focal plane, above-mentioned lock-in amplifier are connected with chopper and detection system respectively；The collimating mirror lower pressure tanks and low pressure
Twin columns tank unicom；Above-mentioned laser source system, chopper, collimation mirror assembly are located in collimating mirror lower pressure tanks；Above-mentioned reception system
System, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, detection system and lock-in amplifier are located in low pressure twin columns tank；
Above-mentioned pole weak signal target simulation system includes the dim light uniform source of light set gradually along light path and asterism differentiation plate；It is above-mentioned
Pole weak signal target simulation system further includes the collimation mirror assembly shared with point source transmission measurement system, collimating mirror lower pressure tanks, low
Air pressure twin columns tank and multiple degrees of freedom turntable；Above-mentioned asterism graticle setting is between dim light uniform source of light and collimation mirror assembly and locates
In on collimation mirror assembly focal plane；Above-mentioned dim light uniform source of light and asterism differentiation plate are respectively positioned in collimating mirror lower pressure tanks；
Above-mentioned master control system and laser source system, dim light uniform source of light, chopper, lock-in amplifier, reception system, spy
Examining system, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, low pressure twin columns tank are connected.
Preferably, above-mentioned master control system includes that device control module, data acquisition module, system calibrating module, point source are saturating
Cross rate test module, weak signal target analog module and data storage and processing module；
Above equipment control module is for completing each controlled plant of system (laser source system, dim light uniform source of light, copped wave
Device, lock-in amplifier, receive system, detection system, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, low pressure twin columns tank) operating parameter remote control,
Control result or equipment state are returned, and is automatically adjusted in automatic testing process to participating in equipment；
Above-mentioned data acquisition module is used to acquire the data response of detection system；
Above system demarcating module, for demarcating between magnitude and the brightness of dim light uniform source of light spoke, asterism diameter parameters
Correspondence；
Above-mentioned point source transmission measurement module calculates corresponding visual field and waits for for the data using data collecting module collected
Survey the point source transmitance of camera；
Above-mentioned weak signal target analog module simulates different magnitudes for adjusting dim light uniform source of light brightness according to calibration result；
Above-mentioned data storage and processing module, realize system calibrating and acquisition in PST test process and all kinds of numbers generated
According to tissue, management and processing.
Preferably, which further includes calibration system, and above-mentioned calibration system includes standard lens and dim light calibrating installation；Mark
Quasi- camera lens is mainly used to that PST tests system is demarcated and calibrated.Dim light calibrating installation is mainly used to survey point source transmitance
Examination carries out testing indoor calibration and calibration, including preposition mirror assembly with the weak signal target analog functuion in the weak signal target simulation system of pole
And probe assembly, prebox increase the reception luminous energy area of probe assembly to expand, probe assembly receives energy and records
Output.
Preferably, low pressure twin columns top tank structure material is black acrylic board, and surface roughness is better than 5nm, is set on tank body
There is vacuum orifice, low pressure twin columns tank can be vacuumized by the vacuum orifice, vacuum degree can reach 50Pa, black twin columns tank
Rear end is equipped with delustring trap along collimation mirror assembly optical axis extended line；Collimating mirror low pressure top tank structure applies light absorbent, on tank body
Equipped with vacuum orifice；Above-mentioned collimating mirror low pressure tank passes through flange unicom with low pressure twin columns tank.
Preferably, the wavelength of laser source system is 0.52 μm, 0.66 μm or 0.75 μm, but is not limited to these wavelength, defeated
Go out power >=500mW, by beam shaping, the angle of divergence is matched with the collimation mirror assembly angle of divergence, beam uniformity >=80%；It is above-mentioned
Collimating mirror component bore Φ 500mm, focal length 12m, minute surface roughness is better than 0.8nm, but is not limited to these parameters；
Preferably, multiple degrees of freedom turntable be 6DOF turntable, it can be achieved that the directions such as pitching, roll, lifting movement, hold
Loading capability >=500kg has low pressure ability to work；
Preferably, the size of low pressure twin columns tank is 6700mm × 4200mm × 3700mm；The ruler of collimating mirror low pressure tank
Very little is Φ 2500mm × 3500mm.
Preferably, it is power meter to receive system；
Detection system is photomultiplier；Photomultiplier be mounted on three-dimensional adjustment platform on, it can be achieved that up and down, left and right,
The adjusting of front and back position；
Preferably, standard lens bore is 200mm, contains hood, outer 80 ° of PST≤10 of axis-12；
The bore of preposition mirror assembly is 350mm, focal length 600mm, detector EMCCD, light in above-mentioned dim light calibrating installation
0.4 μm~1.0 μm of spectral limit, quantum efficiency >=90%, dim light calibrating installation limit detection ability >=+18Mv.
The point source transmission based on above-mentioned point source transmission measurement and pole weak signal target simulation system that the present invention also provides a kind of
Rate test method, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Camera to be measured is positioned on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, adjusting multiple degrees of freedom turntable by master control system makes
Camera to be measured and collimation mirror assembly are coaxial, and camera hood mouth to be measured is located on multiple degrees of freedom turntable orientation pivot center, detection
System is located at the focal plane of camera to be measured；
Step 2：Low pressure twin columns tank door is closed, master control system control vacuum extractor vacuumizes low pressure twin columns tank；
Step 3：After vacuum degree reaches setting value in low pressure twin columns tank, vacuum extractor is closed；
Step 4：Master control system selects laser source system wavelength, after that laser source system moved to collimation mirror assembly is burnt
On face；Master control system controls chopper rotation, and controls lock-in amplifier, detection system matching acquisition；
Step 5：Multiple degrees of freedom turntable is turned into set angle, the spoke of the current camera output to be measured of detection system acquisition
Penetrate illumination E (θ)；
Step 6：Control system controls multiple degrees of freedom turntable and rotates primary, detection system acquisition correspondence every certain angle
Camera to be measured output radiant illumination E (θ)；
Step 7：According to the radiant illumination of the different visual fields of acquisition, the point source transmitance of corresponding visual field camera to be measured is calculated；
Wherein：
PST (θ) is the point source transmitance of camera difference visual field to be measured；
E (θ) is the radiant illumination that camera image planes to be measured generate under different angle；
E0For the irradiation level at camera entrance pupil to be measured.
The present invention also provides a kind of camera to be measured based on above-mentioned point source transmission measurement Yu pole weak signal target simulation system
Detectivity test method, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Demarcate the correspondence between magnitude and the brightness of dim light uniform source of light spoke, asterism diameter parameters；
Step 2：Camera to be measured is positioned on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, adjustment multiple degrees of freedom turntable makes camera to be measured and standard
Straight mirror assembly is coaxial；
Step 3：Low pressure twin columns tank door is closed, master control system control vacuum extractor vacuumizes low pressure twin columns tank；
Step 4：After vacuum degree reaches 50Pa in tank, vacuum extractor is closed；
Step 5：Dim light uniform source of light is moved into collimation mirror assembly position of focal plane and illuminates asterism point at focal plane by master control system
Draw plate；
Step 6：Master control system adjusts dim light uniform source of light brightness according to the calibration result of step 1, simulates different magnitudes；
Step 7：Camera to be measured is imaged the magnitude of simulation, adjusts multiple degrees of freedom turntable, realizes phase to be measured under different visual fields
The calibration of machine detectivity；
Magnitude illumination is calculated according to the following formula
D is asterism diameter in formula, and f is parallel light tube focal length, and τ (λ) is the spectral transmittance of parallel light tube, and L (λ) is dim light
Uniform source of light exports spectral radiance, and maximum spectral luminous efficacy km=683lm/w, V (λ) are photopic vision function；
Corresponding Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) under camera difference magnitude to be measured is calculated as follows；
Wherein：SmaxFor asterism image maximum gradation value；Calculation is：Obtain asterism gray value of image maximum pixel pair
The pixel coordinate (m, n) answered, calculates that the pixel upper left, lower-left, upper right, the gray scale of 2 × 2 adjacent pixels is equal on the four direction of bottom right
Value, takes the maximum value in four direction as Smax, it is calculated as follows：
Smax=max (SUpper left, SLower-left, SUpper right, SBottom right)
SUpper left, SLower-left, SUpper right, SBottom right, it is calculated as follows：
SUpper left=(P (m-1, n-1)+P (m, n-1)+P (m-1, n)+P (m, n))/4
SLower-left=(P (m-1, n+1)+P (m, n+1)+P (m-1, n)+P (m, n))/4
SUpper right=(P (m+1, n-1)+P (m, n-1)+P (m+1, n)+P (m, n))/4
SBottom right=(P (m+1, n+1)+P (m, n+1)+P (m+1, n)+P (m, n))/4
Wherein P is pixel gray value；
BaverageSelection mode for average background value, background area is：The point centered on signal maximum pixel, by 9
Other than × 9 regions, the pixel location background area within 15 × 15 regions；
σnoiseFor background root mean square.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1, the invention is close in conjunction with one by point source transmission measurement and pole weak signal target two big systems of simulation
It rises, realizes the commonality of primary clustering, saved the acquisition cost of test equipment to greatest extent；Pass through hypobaric
Structure can largely solve influence of the environment to both test systems.
2, the present invention has caught the general character that point source transmission measurement, pole weak signal target are simulated, and is the detection to weak target,
And dust in air particle Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering effect, be restrict point source transmission measurement ability one it is big because
Element, experiments have shown that, for air under ten thousand grades of cleanliness factors, the lower limit of point source transmission measurement system is 10-9, air purity is promoted
To thousand grades, the lower limit of point source transmission measurement system is promoted to 10-10；According to the theory analysis of Brownian movement, by air pressure drop as low as
50Pa, grade of cleanliness are remarkably improved, MIE, Rayleigh scattering effect caused by corresponding dust in air particle
It will substantially reduce, the vacuum degree of point source transmission measurement, pole weak signal target simulation system is reduced to 50Pa by the present invention, and point source penetrates
The test lower limit of rate can reach 10-15, pole weak signal target simulates lower limit can be to+18Mv；
3, the present invention provides for the standard substance to system periodic calibration, the measurement knot of calibration substance can be passed through
Fruit reacts the stability of large test system；
4, all parts of the invention are controlled by master control system, and test process is automation process, can be significantly
Testing efficiency is improved, the design concept of the system is worth expanded and uses for reference, is suitble to directly implement in engineer application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of point source transmission measurement provided by the present invention and pole weak signal target simulation system；
Fig. 2 is point source transmission measurement system structure diagram provided by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is weak signal target simulation system structural schematic diagram in pole provided by the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the threedimensional model schematic diagram of point source transmission measurement provided by the present invention and pole weak signal target simulation system；
Wherein：
1- laser source systems；2- dim light uniforms source of light；3- choppers；4- collimates mirror assembly；5- cameras to be measured；6- is mostly certainly
By degree turntable；7- receives system；8- detection systems；9- collimating mirror low pressure tanks；10- low pressure twin columns tanks；11- locking phases are amplified
Device；12- master control systems；13- asterism graticles；14- standard lens；15- dim light calibrating installations.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Can be seen that the present embodiment point source transmission measurement with pole weak signal target simulation system from Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 includes mainly point
Source transmission measurement system, pole weak signal target simulation system, calibration system and master control system；
Figure it is seen that point source transmission measurement system includes laser source system 1, chopper 3, collimation mirror assembly
4, system 7, detection system 8, multiple degrees of freedom turntable 6, collimating mirror low pressure tank 9, low pressure twin columns tank 10 and locking phase amplification are received
Device 11；
Wherein the wavelength of laser source system 1 is 0.52 μm, 0.66 μm, 0.75 μm but is not limited to these wavelength, output work
Rate >=500mW, by beam shaping, the angle of divergence is matched with the collimation mirror assembly angle of divergence, beam uniformity >=80%；Collimate microscope group
The bore Φ 500mm of part 4, focal length 12m, minute surface roughness is better than 0.8nm, but is not limited to these parameters；Reception system 7 is power
Meter；Detection system 8 is photomultiplier；Photomultiplier is mounted on three-dimensional adjustment platform, it can be achieved that top to bottom, left and right, front and rear
The adjusting of position；Multiple degrees of freedom turntable is for 6DOF turntable, it can be achieved that the movement in the directions such as pitching, roll, lifting, carries energy
Power >=500kg has low pressure ability to work；The size of collimating mirror low pressure tank 9 is Φ 2500mm × 3500mm, and it is true to have pumping
Empty function, inside apply light absorbent；The size of low pressure twin columns tank 8 be 6700mm × 4200mm × 3700mm (it is long × wide ×
It is high), inner-wall material is black acrylic board, and surface roughness is better than 5nm, has vacuumizing function, vacuum degree is black up to 50Pa
Color twin columns tank rear end is equipped with delustring trap along collimation mirror assembly optical axis.
Chopper 3 is located between laser source system 1 and collimation mirror assembly 4；Camera to be measured is carried on multiple degrees of freedom turntable 6
On, it is located on the emitting light path of collimation mirror assembly 4, receives system 7 and be located between collimation mirror assembly 4 and camera to be measured；Detection
System 8 is located at camera focal plane position to be measured；Lock-in amplifier 11 is connected with chopper 3 and detection system 8 respectively；Laser light source system
System 1, collimation mirror assembly 4, chopper 3 are located in collimating mirror low pressure tank 9；Multiple degrees of freedom turntable 6 receives system 7, detection system
8, lock-in amplifier 11 is located in low pressure twin columns tank 10；Collimating mirror low pressure tank 9 is joined with low pressure twin columns tank 10 by flange
It is logical；
Before Stray Light Test, first camera optical system to be measured is positioned in twin shaft tank, entire test device is located at low
In air pressure tank, essentially eliminating dust in air particle leads to the influence of environment stray light caused by Rayleigh scattering, selects and swashs
Radiant is point light source, and setting collimates as a uniform heavy caliber light beam at collimation mirror assembly focal plane, is completely filled with tested light
System entrance pupil.Incident light is modulated using chopper, camera to be measured is placed on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, in optical system
Detector is installed at image planes of uniting, from the critical visual field of camera optical system to be measured outward every a fixed angle rotating table, is used
Lock-in amplifier docking, which is collected mail, number amplify and is acquired into horizontal lock, the responsiveness of acquisition different location light irradiation, the responsiveness and
The ratio of responsiveness at camera optical system entrance pupil to be measured is the PST values that the outer field angle of its visual field is θ.
From figure 3, it can be seen that pole weak signal target simulation system includes dim light uniform source of light 2, asterism graticle 13, collimation microscope group
Part 4, multiple degrees of freedom turntable 6, collimating mirror low pressure tank 9, low pressure twin columns tank 10；Wherein collimate mirror assembly 4, multiple degrees of freedom turntable
6, collimating mirror low pressure tank 9, low pressure twin columns tank 10 and point source transmission measurement system share, dim light uniform source of light 2 and asterism
Graticle 13 is respectively positioned in collimating mirror low pressure tank 9；The setting of asterism graticle 13 is in dim light uniform source of light 2 and collimation mirror assembly 4
Between and on its focal plane；Camera to be measured is arranged on the emitting light path after collimated mirror assembly 4；Camera to be measured is carried on
On multiple degrees of freedom turntable；
The 13 culminant star spot hole of illumination bright star point graticle in dim light uniform source of light exit is then sent out at collimating mirror module outlet
Go out a branch of directional light, look against parallel light tube, as the starlight radiation from infinite point.Dim light uniform source of light brightness can
Asterism diameter is variable at tune, collimation mirror assembly focal plane, by adjusting that can simulate different magnitude illumination, calculation formula such as formula
(2) shown in, camera to be measured is positioned in black twin columns tank, is low pressure state in twin columns tank, to reduce dust in air particle
The influence of environment stray light caused by Rayleigh scattering, camera alignment collimation mirror assembly imaging to be measured is caused to demarcate the spy of its limit
Survey ability.
Magnitude illumination is calculated according to the following formula
D is asterism diameter in formula, and f is parallel light tube focal length, and τ (λ) is the spectral transmittance of parallel light tube, and L (λ) is dim light
Uniform source of light exports spectral radiance, and maximum spectral luminous efficacy km=683lm/w, V (λ) are photopic vision function.
Calibration system includes standard lens 14 and dim light calibrating installation 15；15 equal position of standard lens 14 and dim light calibrating installation
In in low pressure twin columns tank.Standard lens 14 is to point source transmission measurement system progress periodic calibration, dim light calibration cartridge
15 are set to be mainly used to carry out in laboratory the weak signal target analog functuion in point source transmission measurement and pole weak signal target simulation system
Calibration and calibration, including preposition mirror assembly and probe assembly.Prebox increases the reception luminous energy of probe assembly to expand
Area.Probe assembly receives energy and records output.The present embodiment Plays camera lens is bore 200mm, contains hood, outside axis
80°PST≤10-12；The bore of dim light calibrating installation is 350mm, focal length 600mm, detector EMCCD, 0.4 μm of spectral region
~1.0 μm, quantum efficiency >=90%, limit detection ability >=+18Mv.
When being calibrated using standard lens 14, its own design PST can be compared with equipment to the PST that it is surveyed
The accuracy of validated measurement systems.This means is incorporated in the calibrating principle of modulation transfer function measuring instrument at present；
After point source transmission measurement is built up with pole weak signal target simulation system, weak signal target simulation precision needs are carried out every year
Calibration.Traditional test equipment generally can inspection calibration, however the equipment due to complexity height, therefore, it is necessary to build just
Phase develops a kind of dim light calibrating installation can be used for demarcating test system accuracy.It on the one hand can be as the mark of long-term calibration equipment
Standard, still further aspect also can be used as the standard of magnitude analog source tracing.
The dim light calibrating installation is made of two parts, respectively preposition mirror assembly and probe assembly.Prebox is expanding
Fill the reception luminous energy area for increasing probe assembly.Probe assembly receives energy and records output.
It is+17Mv that dim light calibrating installation, which needs the limiting magnitude calibrated, and in exoatmosphere, corresponding irradiation level is EMv+17=
4.69×10-15W/m2；Then the irradiation level of+17Mv stars in CCD image planes is：
Wherein, τoptFor transmissivity of optical system, τ is takenopt=0.8, D are effective clear aperature of optical system, D=
160mm；D is disperse circular diameter, takes d=0.030mm, then ECCD=1.07 × 10-7W/m2。
If the pixel dimension of CCD is 13 μm of 13 μ m, then the energy that a pixel receives is：
Φ=ECCD× S=1.07 × 10-7×(13×10-6)2=1.8 × 10-17W
The energy that single photon is calculated according to formula (1), takes representative value λ=550nm to be calculated herein.
Eph550=3.61 × 10-19The quantum efficiency of W, CCD are 85%, and the energy that single pixel receives meets the needs of detection.
It draws a conclusion：Dim light calibrating installation can be calibrated by outdoor sight star, contrasting between laboralories activity.Outfield into
The calibration in the sections row 10Mv~18Mv.
Master control system and laser source system, dim light uniform source of light, chopper, lock-in amplifier, reception system, detection system
System, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, low pressure twin columns tank are connected, and master control system includes mainly device control module, data acquisition module, is
Demarcating module, point source transmission measurement module, weak signal target analog module and the data of uniting store and processing module；
Device control module mainly completes the remote control of each controlled plant operating parameter of system, returns to control result or sets
Standby state, and automatically adjusted in automatic testing process to participating in equipment.
Data acquisition module monitors the working condition of each component devices of system the data for acquiring detector respectively are rung
It should be worth.
System calibrating module is worked by coordinating each participation equipment collaboration, is realized to light source after optical system shaping
Performance state automatic Calibration test, the responsiveness of standard detector and user's detector tests.
Point source transmission measurement module participates in the collaborative work of equipment by coordination, realizes different to tested optical system
The full-automatic testing of veiling glare rejection ability under the conditions of light-wave band.
Weak signal target analog module realizes the simulation of pole weak signal target by the collaborative work of each equipment, completes to be tested camera
The calibration of limit detection ability and encircled energy.
Data store and processing module, realize system calibrating and the Various types of data of acquisition and generation in PST test process
Tissue, management and processing.
Realize point source transmission measurement by the following method using above system：
1), camera optical system to be measured is positioned on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, adjustment multiple degrees of freedom turntable makes camera to be measured
Coaxial with collimation mirror assembly, camera hood mouth to be measured is located on multiple degrees of freedom turntable orientation pivot center, and detection system is located at
At the focal plane of camera to be measured；
2) low pressure twin columns tank door, is closed, it is collimating mirror low pressure tank, low pressure pair that master control system, which controls vacuum extractor,
Column tank vacuumizes；
3), after vacuum degree reaches 50Pa in tank, vacuum extractor is closed；
4), master control system selects laser wavelength and moves into laser on collimation mirror assembly focal plane；
5), multiple degrees of freedom turntable is turned to -85 ° by master control system, the spoke of the current camera output to be measured of detection system acquisition
Penetrate illumination E (θ)；
6) master control system control multiple degrees of freedom turntable is primary every 5 ° of rotations, and it is defeated that detection system acquires corresponding camera to be measured
The radiant illumination E (θ) gone out；
7) according to the definition of point source transmitance：The radiation for the Point Target that the outer field angle of optical system field of view is θ, by light
After system, the radiant illumination E at the radiant illumination E (θ) that image planes generate with entrance pupil0Ratio, calculating optical system point source
Transmitance；
Wherein：
PST (θ) is the point source transmitance outside camera optical system difference visual field to be measured；
E (θ) is the radiant illumination that image planes generate under different angle；
E0For the irradiation level at optical system entrance pupil to be measured；
Meanwhile also realizing that pole weak signal target simulation and camera detectivity to be measured are surveyed by the following method using above system
Examination：
1) correspondence between the parameters such as magnitude and the brightness of dim light uniform source of light spoke, asterism diameter, is demarcated；
2), camera optical system to be measured is positioned on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, adjustment multiple degrees of freedom turntable makes itself and collimation
Mirror assembly is coaxial；
3) low pressure twin columns tank door, is closed, it is collimating mirror low pressure tank, low pressure pair that master control system, which controls vacuum extractor,
Column tank vacuumizes；
4), after vacuum degree reaches 50Pa in tank, vacuum extractor is closed；
5), dim light uniform source of light is moved into collimation mirror assembly position of focal plane and illuminates asterism graduation at focal plane by master control system
Plate；
6), master control system adjusts dim light uniform source of light brightness, simulates different magnitudes；
7), camera to be measured is imaged this weak signal target, and by the adjustment of multiple degrees of freedom turntable, camera to be measured can realize that difference regards
The calibration of field detectivity；
Magnitude illumination is calculated according to the following formula
D is asterism diameter in formula, and f is parallel light tube focal length, and τ (λ) is the spectral transmittance of parallel light tube, and L (λ) is dim light
Uniform source of light exports spectral radiance, and maximum spectral luminous efficacy km=683lm/w, V (λ) are photopic vision function；
Corresponding Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) under camera difference magnitude to be measured is calculated as follows.
Wherein：SNR is signal-to-noise ratio；
SmaxFor signal maximum；
BaverageSelection mode for average background value, background area is：The point centered on signal maximum pixel, by 9
Other than × 9 regions, the pixel location background area within 15 × 15 regions；
σnoiseFor background root mean square.
The point source transmission measurement of the present invention and pole weak signal target simulation system can meet detection class camera major optical ginseng
Several measurements needs, and by the way that whole system to be placed in hypobaric, can effectively inhibit dust in air particle
Scattering effect makes point source transmitance and pole weak signal target simulate and reaches the state being unable to reach when normal pressure, is to examine detection class phase
The powerful test system of machine performance.
The point source transmitance of the present invention is shared with the critical piece of pole weak signal target simulation system, and system is greatly saved
Cost, be highly suitable for being promoted in engineer application.
The point source transmitance of the present invention also contemplates the calibration system of periodic calibration with pole weak signal target simulation system, passes through
Periodically to test system calibrate can effecting reaction system stability, this is also as the essential quality of test equipment
Controlling unit.
The present invention point source transmission measurement in the weak signal target simulation system of pole laser light source switch, laser light source with it is weak
The switching of light uniform source of light is electronic switching, improves the testing efficiency of test system, ensure that its data reliability.Dim light
The EMCCD of calibrating installation can be used for realizing the calibration to transmitance image planes cloud atlas in camera point source to be measured.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of PST tests and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：Including point source transmission measurement system, extremely weak mesh
Mark simulation system and master control system；
The point source transmission measurement system include the laser source system set gradually along light path, chopper, collimation mirror assembly,
Reception system and detection system；The point source transmission measurement system further includes collimating mirror lower pressure tanks, low pressure twin columns tank, more
Degree of freedom turntable and lock-in amplifier；Camera to be measured is carried on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, is located at the emergent light of collimation mirror assembly
On the road；Reception system is located between collimation mirror assembly and camera to be measured；Detection system is located at the position of focal plane of camera to be measured；Locking phase
Amplifier is connected with chopper and detection system respectively；Collimating mirror lower pressure tanks and low pressure twin columns tank unicom；The laser light
Source system, chopper, collimation mirror assembly are respectively positioned in collimating mirror lower pressure tanks；The reception system, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, detection
System and lock-in amplifier are respectively positioned in low pressure twin columns tank；
The pole weak signal target simulation system includes the dim light uniform source of light set gradually along light path and asterism differentiation plate；It is described extremely weak
Target simulation system further includes the collimation mirror assembly shared with point source transmission measurement system, collimating mirror lower pressure tanks, low pressure
Twin columns tank and multiple degrees of freedom turntable；The asterism graticle setting is between dim light uniform source of light and collimation mirror assembly and in standard
On straight mirror assembly focal plane；The dim light uniform source of light and asterism differentiation plate are respectively positioned in collimating mirror lower pressure tanks；
The master control system and laser source system, dim light uniform source of light, chopper, lock-in amplifier, reception system, detection system
System, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, low pressure twin columns tank are connected.
2. PST tests according to claim 1 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：The master control system packet
Include device control module, data acquisition module, system calibrating module, point source transmission measurement module, weak signal target analog module with
Data store and processing module；
The device control module is used to complete the remote control of each controlled plant operating parameter of system, returns to control result or sets
Standby state, and automatically adjusted in automatic testing process to participating in equipment；The controlled plant include laser source system,
Dim light uniform source of light, lock-in amplifier, receives system, detection system, multiple degrees of freedom turntable, low pressure twin columns tank at chopper；
The data acquisition module is used to acquire the data response of detection system；
The system calibrating module, it is corresponding between magnitude and the brightness of dim light uniform source of light spoke, asterism diameter parameters for demarcating
Relationship；
The point source transmission measurement module calculates corresponding visual field phase to be measured for the data using data collecting module collected
The point source transmitance of machine；
The weak signal target analog module simulates different magnitudes for adjusting dim light uniform source of light brightness according to calibration result；
The data storage and processing module, for carrying out tissue, management and processing to Various types of data.
3. PST tests according to claim 1 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：
Further include calibration system, the calibration system includes standard lens and dim light calibrating installation；The dim light calibrating installation packet
Include preposition mirror assembly and probe assembly.
4. PST tests according to claim 1 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：In low pressure twin columns tank
Wall material is black acrylic board, and surface roughness is better than 5nm, and tank body is equipped with vacuum orifice；Vacuum degree can reach 50Pa,
Black twin columns tank rear end is equipped with delustring trap along collimation mirror assembly optical axis extended line；Collimating mirror low pressure top tank structure applies extinction material
Material, tank body are equipped with vacuum orifice；
The collimating mirror low pressure tank passes through flange unicom with low pressure twin columns tank.
5. PST tests according to claim 4 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：Laser source system
Wavelength is 0.52 μm, 0.66 μm or 0.75 μm, output power >=500mW；The collimating mirror component bore Φ 500mm, focal length
12m, minute surface roughness are better than 0.8nm.
6. PST tests according to claim 5 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：Low pressure twin columns tank
Size is 6700mm × 4200mm × 3700mm；The size of collimating mirror low pressure tank is Φ 2500mm × 3500mm.
7. PST tests according to claim 6 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：Reception system is power
Meter；Detection system is photomultiplier；Photomultiplier is mounted on three-dimensional adjustment platform.
8. PST tests according to claim 7 and pole weak signal target simulation system, it is characterised in that：Standard lens is bore
200mm contains hood, outer 80 ° of PST≤10 of axis-12；The bore of preposition mirror assembly is 350mm, focal length in dim light calibrating installation
600mm, probe assembly EMCCD, 0.4 μm~1.0 μm of spectral region, quantum efficiency >=90%, the limit of dim light calibrating installation
Detectivity >=+18Mv.
9. a kind of PST test methods based on any the PST tests and pole weak signal target simulation system of claim 1-8,
It is characterized in that, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Camera to be measured is positioned on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, is made by master control system adjustment multiple degrees of freedom turntable to be measured
Camera and collimation mirror assembly are coaxial, and camera hood mouth to be measured is located on multiple degrees of freedom turntable orientation pivot center, detection system
At the focal plane of camera to be measured；
Step 2：Low pressure twin columns tank door is closed, master control system control vacuum extractor vacuumizes low pressure twin columns tank；
Step 3：After vacuum degree reaches setting value in low pressure twin columns tank, vacuum extractor is closed；
Step 4：Master control system select laser source system wavelength, after by laser source system move to collimation mirror assembly focal plane on；
Master control system controls chopper rotation, and controls lock-in amplifier, detection system matching acquisition；
Step 5：Multiple degrees of freedom turntable is turned into set angle, the radiation of the current camera output to be measured of detection system acquisition is shone
Spend E (θ)；
Step 6：Control system controls multiple degrees of freedom turntable and is rotated once every certain angle, and detection system acquisition is corresponding to be waited for
Survey the radiant illumination E (θ) of camera output；
Step 7：For control system according to the radiant illuminations of the different visual fields of acquisition, the point source for calculating corresponding visual field camera to be measured is saturating
Cross rate；
Wherein：PST (θ) is the point source transmitance of camera difference visual field to be measured；
E (θ) is the radiant illumination that camera image planes to be measured generate under different angle；
E0For the irradiation level at camera entrance pupil to be measured.
10. a kind of detecting energy based on claim 1-8 any the PST tests and the camera to be measured of pole weak signal target simulation system
Force test method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：Demarcate the correspondence between magnitude and the brightness of dim light uniform source of light spoke, asterism diameter parameters；
Step 2：Camera to be measured is positioned on multiple degrees of freedom turntable, adjustment multiple degrees of freedom turntable makes camera and collimating mirror to be measured
Component is coaxial；
Step 3：Low pressure twin columns tank door is closed, master control system control vacuum extractor vacuumizes low pressure twin columns tank；
Step 4：After vacuum degree reaches setting value in tank, vacuum extractor is closed；
Step 5：Dim light uniform source of light is moved into collimation mirror assembly position of focal plane and illuminates asterism graduation at focal plane by master control system
Plate；
Step 6：Master control system adjusts dim light uniform source of light brightness according to the calibration result of step 1, simulates different magnitudes；
Step 7：Camera to be measured is imaged the magnitude of simulation, adjusts multiple degrees of freedom turntable, realizes camera spy to be measured under different visual fields
The calibration of survey ability；
Magnitude illumination is calculated according to the following formula
D is asterism diameter in formula, and f is parallel light tube focal length, and τ (λ) is the spectral transmittance of parallel light tube, and L (λ) is that dim light is uniform
Light source exports spectral radiance, and maximum spectral luminous efficacy km=683lm/w, V (λ) are photopic vision function；
Corresponding Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) under camera difference magnitude to be measured is calculated as follows；
Wherein：SmaxFor asterism image maximum gradation value；BaverageFor average background value；σnoiseFor background root mean square.
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