CN108676977A - A kind of quenching unit and method measuring aluminum alloy hardenability - Google Patents
A kind of quenching unit and method measuring aluminum alloy hardenability Download PDFInfo
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- CN108676977A CN108676977A CN201810584938.0A CN201810584938A CN108676977A CN 108676977 A CN108676977 A CN 108676977A CN 201810584938 A CN201810584938 A CN 201810584938A CN 108676977 A CN108676977 A CN 108676977A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/55—Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quenching units and method measuring aluminum alloy hardenability, including two sample coupons, U-tube, pedestal and fixed frame, fixed frame is mounted on the base, two sample coupon arranged for interval are simultaneously vertically mounted on fixed frame, groove is opened up in the bottom of sample coupon, U-tube is below sample coupon and on fixed frame, nozzle is installed at the top of U-tube, it is equipped with water inlet in U-tube bottom, water from nozzle is ejected into groove after entering U-tube from water inlet, and the central axes of sample coupon are overlapped with the center of nozzle.Present invention has the advantages that obtaining very wide cooling rate range, and disposably quenching measures the cooling rate with the hardness number of end quenching face different distance and with end quenching face different distance, the relationship for establishing end quenching distance and cooling velocity and hardness, so as to accurately evaluate the quenching degree of aluminium alloy.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of technical fields of metal material performance test, specifically, being related specifically to a kind of measurement
The quenching unit and method of aluminum alloy hardenability
Background technology：
With the development of Aeronautics and Astronautics and auto industry, since aluminium alloy density is small, specific strength is high, there is good add
The application of work performance, aluminium alloy is increasingly extensive.Aluminium and aluminium alloy are that essential key structure is developed in each field of modern industry
Material.Although aluminium alloy is used widely, with the rapid development of modern industry and science and technology, people are to aluminium alloy
Performance requirement is higher and higher, and in recent years, the direction of aircraft structure towards enlargement and integration is developed, and is closed to heavy in section aluminium
Golden slab and forging propose active demand.Heat treatment is that aluminium alloy obtains the main reinforcing means of high-performance, and quenching is to make it
The most key process procedure of acquisition high intensity, low stress.But alloy is in quenching process, due to by transfer time and quenching
The influence of the factors such as cooling rate can cause the uneven forming core for quenching precipitated phase in cooling procedure to grow up, consume conjunction
A large amount of solute atoms in gold so that alloy aging strengthens the quantity reduction of precipitated phase in follow-up ag(e)ing process, leads to alloy force
The different degrees of decline of performance is learned, alloy shows certain low quenching degree；Or the needs due to controlling residual stress, in material
Required critical cooling rate is often not achieved in the quenching rate of center portion point, and performance declines, and impermeable phenomenon of quenching occurs.Therefore,
The through hardening sex chromosome mosaicism of aluminium alloy large-sized component arouses widespread concern.
The ability of supersaturated solid solution is obtained when the quenching degree of aluminium alloy refers to quenching.Due to the supersaturated solid solution of generation
In timeliness can diffusion-precipitation the second phase, play the effect of reinforcing, aluminum alloy hardenability size to after quenching alloy it is strong
Degree, hardness and residual stress distribution and the comprehensive performance of alloy have a great impact.Therefore, through hardening layer depth can be used to embody
The height of quenching degree.Through hardening layer depth refers to that workpiece quenching surface is decreased obviously that (range of decrease is 10% to hardness after quenching and timeliness
Within) the corresponding distance in place.There are no the evaluation aluminum alloy materials and component of complete set in presently disclosed documents and materials
The method of quenching degree, the measurement and its experimental method of aluminum alloy hardenability are derived from one hardness test of end quenching of steel.
One hardness test of end quenching of steel theoretically only can need to intuitively obtain certain material with a steel sample
Through hardening layer depth under certain quenching cooling condition.It is placed into immediately after sample solution treatment on quenching unit and implements quenching,
After sample cooling, measure a hardness at a certain distance from sample end, you can obtain hardness and end quenching face to end away from
From relation curve.The depth-hardness curve of various steel can be《Steel alloy handbook》In find, theoretical and test method standard is all
Comparative maturity
What is retained after aluminum alloy quenching is hypersaturated state, degree of super saturation be difficult with metallographic microscope carry out observation and
Test.Fewer to the play-by-play of aluminum alloy hardenability both at home and abroad, there are no complete sets in presently disclosed documents and materials
Assay method, evaluate one hardness test of end quenching of the method mostly reference steel of aluminum alloy materials and component quenching degree.
But due to steel and aluminum alloy material difference, measuring aluminum alloy hardenability with one hardness test of end quenching of steel has centainly
Limitation.
Existing aluminium alloy assay method must two samples continuously do twice end quenching experiment, one measure end quenching distance with
Quenching degree relation curve, another measures end quenching distance and the relation curve between cooling rate, since end quenching experiment twice exists
The error of quenching shift time and spray flow, so the hardness of previous Specimen Determination corresponds to the latter sample from quenched end
The cooling rate of same distance has error, and the experimental result accuracy of acquisition is poor, in addition continuously to do end quenching experiment twice, cause
The extension of experimental period and the loss of experiment material, the analysis test method that different authors use is variant, and the parameter obtained can
Poorer than property, it is therefore necessary to establish a set of rationally generally acknowledged aluminum alloy hardenability analysis test method.
Therefore, it is necessary to further carry out the research of aluminum alloy hardenability, rational test method is established, is accurately evaluated
The quenching degree height of material.
Invention content：
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency in the prior art, a kind of quenching measuring aluminum alloy hardenability is provided
Device and method, by obtained in limited specimen length very wide cooling velocity range simultaneously to two aluminum alloy specimens into
Row quenching, establishes the relationship of end quenching distance and cooling velocity and hardness, to rapidly and accurately determine the quenching degree of aluminium alloy.
Technical solution in detail below may be used to realize in the technical issues of solved：A kind of measurement aluminum alloy hardenability
Quenching unit, including two sample coupons, U-shaped water pipe, pedestal and fixed frame, fixed frame be mounted on the base, two sample coupons
Arranged for interval is simultaneously vertically mounted on fixed frame, opens up groove in the bottom of sample coupon, U-tube is below sample coupon and is mounted on
On fixed frame, nozzle is installed at the top of U-tube, water inlet is equipped in U-tube bottom, water from water inlet enter U-tube after from spray
Mouth is ejected into groove, and the central axes of sample coupon are overlapped with the center of nozzle.
In one embodiment, flame-proof thermal insulation material is installed between sample coupon and fixed frame.
In one embodiment, U-tube is adjustable in the upper and lower position of fixed frame.
In one embodiment, the groove is circular groove.
A method of measuring aluminum alloy hardenability, it is characterised in that the assay method includes the following steps：
S1) aluminium alloy is formed with centainly to grow the first, second generous sample coupon, one of each sample coupon length direction
Groove is made on end face；Thermocouple, thermocouple lead-out wire and thermograph are punched and installed along the length direction of the second sample coupon
Equipment is connected, and records temperature change in quenching process；
S2 two sample coupons) are put into heating furnace and are heated to hardening heat progress solution treatment, after keeping the temperature a period of time, examination
Exemplar is vertically mounted on fixed frame and arranged for interval, opens up groove in the bottom of each sample coupon, U-tube is below sample coupon
And on the fixed frame, nozzle is installed in the open end at the top of U-tube, and water inlet is equipped in U-tube bottom, and water is from water inlet
It is ejected into groove from nozzle after into U-tube, the groove central axes of sample coupon are overlapped with the center of nozzle；
S3) cooling through a period of time, the first sample coupon is taken out from fixing bracket and carries out artificial aging processing, by first
Sample coupon is divided into two sections from centre, and first segment is used as test zone at a certain distance along its length, if taking on test zone
Average hardness of the average value of dry test hardness as the test zone, and the relation curve with end quenching distance is formed, second
Section does micro-assembly robot observation；
S4) take the measurement point of the highest hardness value 90% surveyed in S3 steps to end quenching identity distance from as the first sample coupon
Through hardening layer depth；
S5 the second sample coupon) is taken, the cooling curve of several positions is measured, generates cooling rate, then generate cooling rate
With the relation curve of end quenching distance；
S6 the relation curve between the cooling rate in the average hardness in S3 steps and S5 steps) is produced；
S7) aluminium alloy is evaluated according to the through hardening layer depth in S3 steps and two groups of relation curves in S4, S5 step
The quenching degree height of material.
Compared with prior art, main advantageous effect of the invention is：
The present invention can effectively evaluate the quenching degree of aluminium alloy, obtain very wide cooling rate range, and disposable
Quenching measures the cooling rate with the hardness number of end quenching face different distance and with end quenching face different distance, establishes end quenching distance
With the relationship of cooling velocity and hardness, so as to accurately evaluate the quenching degree of aluminium alloy.
The heat transfer type of sample coupon is single, is single side heat transfer, and other surface heat transfer amount very littles can be considered adiabatic boundary,
Application method is simple, easy to operate, does aluminum alloy hardenability experiment favorable reproducibility, saves the time of experiment, effectively reduce
Experimental cost.
Description of the drawings：
The above and other feature of the present invention, property and advantage will pass through description with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
And become apparent, identical reference numeral always shows identical feature in the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 discloses the schematic diagram for the quenching unit that aluminum alloy hardenability is measured in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 discloses the local scheme of installation of sample coupon in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 discloses the graph of relation of hardness and end quenching distance in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 discloses cooling chart in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 discloses the graph of relation of cooling rate and end quenching distance in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 discloses the relation curve of hardness and cooling rate in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7-Fig. 8 discloses the flow diagram that aluminum alloy hardenability method is measured in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode：
With reference to figure 1, Fig. 1 discloses the schematic diagram for the quenching unit that aluminum alloy hardenability is measured in one embodiment of the invention；
A kind of quenching unit of measurement aluminum alloy hardenability in the present embodiment, including two sample coupons 3, U-tube 4, pedestal 1 and solid
Determine frame 2, fixed frame 2 is mounted on pedestal 1, and two 3 arranged for interval of sample coupon are simultaneously vertically mounted on fixed frame 2, in sample coupon 3
Bottom open up groove 31, U-tube 4 installs nozzle below sample coupon 3 and mounted on fixed frame 2, at the top of U-tube 4
7, it is equipped with water inlet 5 in the bottom of U-tube 4, water enters from water inlet 5 after U-tube 4 is ejected into groove 31, sample coupon from nozzle 7
2 central axes are overlapped with the center of nozzle 7.
Further, flame-proof thermal insulation material is installed between sample coupon 3 and fixed frame 2.
Further, U-tube 4 is adjustable in the upper and lower position of fixed frame 2.
Further, the groove 31 is circular groove.
Its mounting means is:Sample coupon 2 is mounted on by attachment screw 21 on fixed frame 2, on water spray fixed frame 24
U-tube 4 is installed, the top of U-tube 4 is equipped with nozzle 7, the circular groove of 7 center face sample coupon 3 of nozzle, the axis of sample coupon 3
Line is overlapped with the center of water jet, and flow is flowed into from water inlet 5, is sprayed from two nozzles 7, the connection between fixed frame passes through upper
Screw 22, lower screw 23 are completed, it may be convenient to be loaded and unloaded, and change spray by the adjustment up and down for fixed frame 24 of spraying water
Mouth 7 arrives the distance of sample coupon 3.
Referring to figs. 2 to Fig. 7, a kind of method measuring aluminum alloy hardenability, assay method packet are disclosed in the present embodiment
It includes：
S1) aluminium alloy is formed with centainly to grow the first, second generous sample coupon, one of each sample coupon length direction
Groove is made on end face；Thermocouple, thermocouple lead-out wire and thermograph are punched and installed along the length direction of the second sample coupon
Equipment is connected, and records temperature change in quenching process.
As the present embodiment preference, aluminium ingot edge is rolled to the sample for cutting length × width x thickness as 125mm × 25mm × 25mm
Product are as steel end-quenched.One end vehicle goes out deep 10mm, and the groove of a diameter of 20mm, as water spray end, the other end drills out deep 10mm,
The threaded hole of M5mm.It is another cut one as described above sample coupon drilled out at away from spray end 3,23,53,78 and 98mm it is a diameter of
The pre-buried thermocouple of 3mm apertures.
S2 two sample coupons) are put into heating furnace and are heated to hardening heat progress solution treatment, after keeping the temperature a period of time, examination
Exemplar is vertically mounted on fixed frame and arranged for interval, opens up groove in the bottom of each sample coupon, U-tube is below sample coupon
And on the fixed frame, nozzle is installed in the open end at the top of U-tube, and water inlet is equipped in U-tube bottom, and water is from water inlet
It is ejected into groove from nozzle after into U-tube, the groove central axes of sample coupon are overlapped with the center of nozzle；
As the present embodiment preference, the fixed frame to the quenching unit of the present invention by two sample coupon fast transfers is needed
On, and open water valve rapidly, flow from water inlet by two nozzles of U-tube to groove ends water-spraying control, water temperature is about 20 DEG C,
Keep the pressure fixing of water spray, entire transfer process should be rapid as possible, to reduce thermal loss, during water spray, in flow
The heart should be overlapped with the groove central axes of sample, can form spherical water curtain after being reflected after water is sprayed onto sample end face in this way, pressure
Power stablize make sample end face obtain stable cooling effect.
S3) cooling through a period of time, the first sample coupon is taken out from fixed frame and carries out artificial aging processing, by the first examination
Exemplar is divided into two sections from centre, and first segment is used as test zone at a certain distance along its length, takes several on test zone
Average hardness of the average value of a test hardness as the test zone, and form the relation curve with end quenching distance, second segment
Do micro-assembly robot observation；
As the present embodiment preference, after (such as 3 hours) are cooling for a long time enough, by one of sample coupon from admittedly
Determine to carry out 120 DEG C/artificial aging processing for 24 hours after taking out on frame, the first sample coupon is divided into two hard by Vickers from centre after timeliness
Since the requirement polishing surface of degree test, survey a hardness (HV) every the positions 5mm spraying end, take and central axis direction
Hardness of the average value of upper 5 hardness as the position on depth-hardness curve obtains the relation curve of hardness and distance, referring to figure
The relation curve of 3 hardness and end quenching distance, by sample, the other half does micro-assembly robot observation.
S4) take the measurement point of the highest hardness value 90% surveyed in S3 steps to end quenching identity distance from as the first sample coupon
Through hardening layer depth.
S5 the second sample coupon) is taken, the cooling curve (referring to Fig. 4) of several positions is measured, generates cooling rate, then generate
The relation curve of cooling rate and end quenching distance.
As the present embodiment preference, the cooling curve of 5 positions is measured, referring to the cooling curve of Fig. 4, to calculate this
The cooling rate of several positions, and the relation curve (referring to Fig. 5) of Fig. 5 cooling rates and end quenching distance is drawn, according to previous
The first sample coupon corresponds to the hardness of same position after water quenching timeliness, the relation curve between the hardness and cooling rate drawn out,
S6 relation curve (the reference chart between the cooling rate in the average hardness in S3 steps and S5 steps) is produced
6)。
S7) aluminium alloy is evaluated according to the through hardening layer depth in S3 steps and two groups of relation curves in S4, S5 step
The quenching degree height of material.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So if the common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of quenching unit measuring aluminum alloy hardenability, which is characterized in that including two sample coupons, U-tube, pedestal and consolidate
Determine frame, fixed frame is mounted on the base, and two sample coupon arranged for interval are simultaneously vertically mounted on fixed frame, in the bottom of sample coupon
Groove is opened up, U-tube is installed nozzle at the top of U-tube, set in U-tube bottom below sample coupon and on fixed frame
There is a water inlet, water from nozzle is ejected into groove, the central axes of sample coupon and the center weight of nozzle after entering U-tube from water inlet
It closes.
2. quenching unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that install fire resistant heat preserving between sample coupon and fixed frame
Material.
3. quenching unit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that U-tube is adjustable in the upper and lower position of fixed frame.
4. quenching unit as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the groove is circular groove.
5. a kind of method measuring aluminum alloy hardenability, it is characterised in that the assay method includes the following steps：
S1) aluminium alloy is formed with centainly to grow the first, second generous sample coupon, an end face of each sample coupon length direction
Upper making groove；Thermocouple, thermocouple lead-out wire and thermography instrument are punched and installed along the length direction of the second sample coupon
It is connected, records temperature change in quenching process；
S2 two sample coupons) are put into heating furnace and are heated to hardening heat progress solution treatment, after keeping the temperature a period of time, sample coupon
It is vertically mounted on fixed frame simultaneously arranged for interval, opens up groove in the bottom of each sample coupon, U-tube is below sample coupon and pacifies
On fixed frame, nozzle is installed in the open end at the top of U-tube, is equipped with water inlet in U-tube bottom, water enters from water inlet
It is ejected into groove from nozzle after U-tube, the groove central axes of sample coupon are overlapped with the center of nozzle；
S3) cooling through a period of time, the first sample coupon is taken out from fixing bracket and carries out artificial aging processing, by the first sample
Part is divided into two sections from centre, and first segment is used as test zone at a certain distance along its length, takes on test zone several
Average hardness of the average value of point hardness as the test zone is tested, and forms the relation curve with end quenching distance, second segment
Do micro-assembly robot observation；
S4) take 90% measurement point of the highest hardness value surveyed in S3 steps to end quenching identity distance from quenching as the first sample coupon
Permeable layers depth；
S5 the second sample coupon) is taken, the cooling curve of several positions is measured, generates cooling rate, then generates cooling rate and end
The relation curve for distance of quenching；
S6 the relation curve between the cooling rate in the average hardness and S5 steps in S3 steps) is generated；
S7 the aluminum alloy materials) are evaluated according to the through hardening layer depth in S3 steps and two groups of relation curves in S4, S5 step
Quenching degree height.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108931454A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-04 | 宝钢集团南通线材制品有限公司 | A kind of test method of spring steel wire harden ability |
| CN109387534A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-26 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of quenching liquid toxicity test device and method |
| CN110819775A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | End quenching testing machine capable of measuring continuous temperature field and measuring method thereof |
| CN111077178A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 昆明理工大学 | High-flux spray quenching sample clamping device |
| CN113281118A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-20 | 鞍钢集团北京研究院有限公司 | Steel sample continuous annealing simulation device and experimental method |
| CN114606371A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-10 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | Adjusting device for sample support in steel tail end quenching test and using method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108931454A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-04 | 宝钢集团南通线材制品有限公司 | A kind of test method of spring steel wire harden ability |
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| CN111077178B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | High-flux spray quenching sample clamping device |
| CN113281118A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-20 | 鞍钢集团北京研究院有限公司 | Steel sample continuous annealing simulation device and experimental method |
| CN114606371A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-10 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | Adjusting device for sample support in steel tail end quenching test and using method thereof |
| CN114606371B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2024-05-10 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | Adjusting device for sample support in steel end quenching test and using method thereof |
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