CN101013124A - Device and method for measuring hardenability of aluminum alloy material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method to measure aluminum alloy materials hardenability depth, and the said device includes a cylindrical aluminum alloy sample rod, a fire-resistant insulation panel, a standing, a media pipeline, and the media pipeline has the nozzle, switching valve, flow meter, and the diameter of the said sample rod is 20-80mm and the height is 100-300mm, and one end of the said sample rod is installed on the fire-resistant insulation panel through the standing, and the other end is opened with inner concave surface of depth not more than 15mm, the nozzle facing the inner concave surface. The method is mainly: spraying to the inner concave surface of heating sample rod, until the other end temperature below the aging temperature of the sample rod material; and afterward, processing the hardness measurement along the axial direction around the sample rod center axis deviation of not more than 5mm. The device and method of the invention can accurately measure the hardenability depth of aluminum alloy sample.

Description

Measure the device and method of full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of measuring full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material.

Background technology

The metal material quenching characteristics two kinds of schemes are arranged more at present, the one, quench under different cooling conditions with commaterial, mechanical property with material timeliness rear surface, represent as hardness number, this is a kind of indirect comparative approach, in actual test process, realize easily, but can not obtain the quantitative values of material full hardening deepness.The 2nd, with the material of different-alloy composition or same alloy composition diverse microcosmic tissue characteristics, under the same external cooling condition, quench, with after the timeliness on the cooling direction material or the component performance unconspicuous one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 (full hardening deepness) that descends compare, quenching characteristics represents that with full hardening deepness this is a kind of method of quantitative comparison very intuitively.Test is got up cumbersome, at present ferrous materials set up the standard set method of testing (GB/T255-1988, ASTMA255-20).Test result is widely used in the quenching degree assessment of different steel grades, the steel product ingredient regulation and control, and processing improves with quenching technical.The quenching of aluminium alloy and iron and steel all is to drop to room temperature fast from high temperature, has something in common from say in form, but the heating-up temperature before two class materials quench almost differs 1 times (general 7000 is that solid solubility temperature with 2000 line aluminium alloys all is lower than 500 ℃), the thermodynamic parameter of two class materials also differs greatly, and has diverse thermal conduction study characteristic.Therefore, ferrous materials end hardening experimental standard can not be suitable for aluminum alloy materials, does not also have a kind of viable means and method of measuring full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material about the end hardening method of complete report at present both at home and abroad.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a kind of device and method of measuring full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material, and is inaccurate to solve present measurement full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material, can not be as the problem of standard.

The device of measurement full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material provided by the invention, comprise a columned aluminum alloy specimen rod, a refractory heat isolating plate, a support, a medium pipeline, nozzle, switch valve, flowmeter are arranged on this medium pipeline, the diameter of described test rod is 20-80mm, highly be 100-300mm, described test rod one end is installed on the refractory heat isolating plate by support, and other end end face has the inner concave that a degree of depth is not more than 15mm, and nozzle faces this inner concave.

Method with above-mentioned measurement device full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material comprises the steps:

A, be heated to the temperature of setting after being fastened to test rod on the refractory heat isolating plate together, be incubated the time of setting;

B, spray to the interior concave plane of test rod with shower nozzle, projected area is swept scope and is not more than the sample face area by 5mm at radius at least, at least 0.25 liter of flux density/(second square centimeter) is lower than test rod material aging temp until other end temperature;

C, test rod is carried out timeliness by the temperature and time of setting, be not more than in the center axis deviation of test rod afterwards and carry out hardness measurement in the 5mm scope vertically;

The distance of d, record test point hardness and test point and described inner concave, set up hardness and range coordinate, record data are reflected in the described coordinate, draw hardness and distance relation figure (H-D figure), find the obvious decline flex point district among the figure, in the scope of the maximum declines 10% of maximum hardness, determine that arbitrarily a hardness number is as standard, be painted on the H-D figure with horizontal line, obtain the crossing intersection point with H-D figure, the distance of this intersection point correspondence is a full hardening deepness.

Can accurately record the full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy specimen with apparatus of the present invention and method.The sample of heating can cool off by multiple heat transfer type in the end hardening experiment, and the heat eliminating medium that supports the support of sample, the air that contacts with sample, injection can be by conduction, convection type heat radiation, and the sample of heating also can dispel the heat by radiation mode.Test condition all allows arbitrarily theoretically, and the full hardening deepness that obtains is the full hardening deepness under this test condition.Yet only under the condition that heat only sheds from the cooling end face, could record full hardening deepness exactly with Practical significance.The present inventor studies show that, for aluminium alloy, the test rod diameter is 20-80mm, highly be 100-300mm, the area that heat eliminating medium sprays at end face is at least in radius is the 5mm scope, at least 0.25 liter of flux density/(second square centimeter), just can make the refrigerating mode that obtains approximate one dimension in the coupon central axis 5mm scope, be that the interior heat of coupon central axis 5mm scope only spreads out of from the cooling end face, this refrigerating mode is near the situation of actual production, and can predict the cooling velocity corresponding with full hardening deepness easily.The full hardening deepness measurement result not only has directive significance to the Technology for Heating Processing of novel high-hardenability alloy research and development and preparation thereof accurately, and can provide reference for the plastic deformation process relevant with thermal treatment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the qualitative figure that measures the aluminium alloy full hardening deepness with apparatus of the present invention and method;

Fig. 3-Fig. 6 be four with apparatus of the present invention or method in the parameter that relates to test findings figure when coming in and going out is arranged.

Embodiment

As can be seen from Figure 1, apparatus of the present invention have the pipeline 4 that the aluminum alloy specimen rod 1 of a cylindric unitary solid, refractory heat isolating plate 2, a support 3, are used to feed heat eliminating medium.The diameter of test rod 1 is 20-80mm, highly be 100-300mm, and an end of test rod 1 links to each other with refractory heat isolating plate 2 by screw thread, test rod 1 is hanging on the support 3 by thermal insulation board 2, the other end end face of test rod 1 has the inner concave 8 that a degree of depth is not more than 15mm, guarantees that cooling blast can not splash the cylinder of style rod; Nozzle 5, valve 6, flowmeter 7 are housed on the pipeline 4, and nozzle 5 is facing to the inner concave 8 of aluminum alloy specimen rod 1.

Full hardening deepness with above-mentioned measurement device aluminium alloy should carry out as follows:

A, open heat eliminating medium pipeline 4 in advance, mix up flowmeter 7, valve-off 6;

B, test rod 1 and coupled refractory heat isolating plate 2 are heated to the temperature (solid solubility temperature of the excellent used alloy of generally materialsing) of setting, be incubated the time of setting after with test rod 1 by 2 of refractory heat isolating plates on support 3;

C opens valve 6, and nozzle 5 begins the inner concave of aluminium alloy is sprayed cooling, wait test rod to be lower than the test rod aging temp away from another end face temperature of cooling end face after valve-off 6 stop cooling;

D, the test rod of cooling is carried out timeliness by the temperature and time of setting;

E, cut test rod open, be not more than in the center axis deviation of test rod and carry out hardness measurement in the 5mm scope vertically;

F, the distance of record test point hardness and test point and described inner concave, set up hardness and range coordinate, record data are reflected in the described coordinate, draw hardness and distance relation curve (H-D curve), find the obvious decline flex point district among the figure, in the scope of the maximum declines 10% of maximum hardness shown in the graph of a relation, arbitrarily determine that a hardness number is as standard (be standard with descended 9% hardness number of maximum hardness) in inventor's experiment, be painted on the H-D curve with horizontal line, obtain an intersection point with the H-D curve intersection, the distance D of this intersection point correspondence is full hardening deepness.

To said apparatus and method, the inventor has done following test with regard to some aluminium alloys commonly used.

Alloy numbering that test is adopted and nominal composition (percentage by weight) thereof are as table 1.

Table 1;

The alloy numbering	Alloying element
										Zn	Mg	Cu	Mn	Ti	Fe	Si	Other total impurities	Surplus
	A	5.5	2.3	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	≤0.1										Al
B										6.6	2.3	2.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	≤0.1	Al
	C	0.2	1.5	4.3	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.2	≤0.1										Al

Alloy numbering and solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2 that test is adopted.

Table 2;

The alloy numbering	Solid solution heating cycle 472 ℃ * 4 hours	Institution of prescription 120 ℃ * 12 hours
			A
B				470 ℃ * 4 hours	120 ℃ * 12 hours
	C	500 ℃ * 4 hours	175 ℃ * 12 hours

Hardness measurement equipment is the HV-5 Vickers, and measurement parameter is: 3 kilograms of load, pressurize 10 seconds).

Test 1:A alloy, test rod diameter 20mm, height 100 (mm), nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, water is as heat eliminating medium, the diameter of jet face is 10mm, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Table 2 system timeliness press in the back of quenching, and cuts test rod open, is not more than in the center axis deviation of test rod and carries out hardness measurement (HV-5 sclerometer, 3 kilograms of load, pressurize 10 seconds) in the 5mm scope vertically, and the data recording of survey is got off to draw the H-D curve map; Value with maximum hardness value decline 9% is painted a horizontal line, and this horizontal line and H-D curve have an intersection point, and the D value corresponding with this intersection point is 85mm, and promptly full hardening deepness is 85mm, sees Fig. 2.

Test 2:B alloy, test rod diameter 80mm, height 300mm, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, the diameter 25mm of face is established in spray, water is as heat eliminating medium, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the full hardening deepness that records are 84mm.

Test 3:C alloy, test rod diameter 20mm, height 120 mm, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, the diameter 10mm of jet face, liquid nitrogen be as the heat eliminating medium source, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the full hardening deepness that records are 90mm.

Test 4:A alloy, test rod diameter 19mm (less than 20mm), height 100mm, the diameter 10mm of jet face, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, water is as heat eliminating medium, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the H-d that records concerns as Fig. 3, can not obtain correct full hardening deepness.

Test 5:B alloy, test rod diameter 20mm, height 310mm (greater than 300mm), the diameter 10mm of jet face, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, water is as heat eliminating medium, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the H-d that records concerns as accompanying drawing 4, can not obtain correct full hardening deepness.

Test 6:C alloy, test rod diameter 20mm, height 90mm (less than 100mm), the diameter 10mm of jet face, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, water is as heat eliminating medium, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the H-d that records concerns as Fig. 5, can not obtain correct full hardening deepness.

Test 7:A alloy, test rod diameter 80mm, height 300mm, the diameter 81mm (jet face is greater than end face) of jet face, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, water is as heat eliminating medium, flux density be 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the H-d that records concerns as Fig. 6, can not obtain correct full hardening deepness.

Test 8:B alloy, test rod diameter 80mm, height 300mm, the diameter 25mm of face is established in spray, nozzle sprays perpendicular to the inner concave of test rod during quenching, water is as heat eliminating medium, flux density be 0.20 liter/(second square centimeter).Solid solution heating and institution of prescription such as table 2, the H-d that records concerns as Fig. 7, can not obtain correct full hardening deepness.

More than test illustrates that all the physical dimension diameter of test rod should be in the 20mm-80mm scope, height should be in 100mm-300 mm scope, projected area is not more than under the prerequisite of sample face area, and projected area should be swept scope by 5mm at radius, flux density be at least 0.25 liter/(second square centimeter).

Claims (2)

1, a kind of device that is used to measure the aluminium alloy full hardening deepness, it is characterized in that this device comprises a columned aluminum alloy specimen rod (1), a refractory heat isolating plate (2), a support (3), a medium pipeline (4), nozzle (5), switch valve (6), flowmeter (7) are arranged on this medium pipeline, the diameter of described test rod is 20-80mm, highly be 100-300mm, and this test rod one end is installed on the refractory heat isolating plate (2) by support (3), other end end face has the inner concave (8) that a degree of depth is not more than 15mm, and nozzle faces this inner concave.

2, a kind of method with the described measurement device full hardening deepness of aluminum alloy material of claim 1 comprises the steps:

A, be heated to the temperature of setting after being fastened to test rod on the refractory heat isolating plate together, be incubated the time of setting;

B, spray to the interior concave plane of test rod with shower nozzle, projected area is swept scope by 5mm and is not more than the sample face area at radius at least, and at least 0.25 liter of flux density/(second square centimeter) is lower than test rod material aging temp until other end temperature;

C, test rod is carried out timeliness by the temperature and time of setting, be not more than in the center axis deviation of test rod afterwards and carry out hardness measurement in the 5mm scope vertically;

The distance of d, record test point hardness and test point and described inner concave, set up hardness and range coordinate, record data are reflected in the described coordinate, draw hardness and distance relation figure (H-D figure), find the obvious decline flex point district among the figure, in the scope of the maximum declines 10% of maximum hardness, determine that arbitrarily a hardness number is as standard, be painted on the H-D figure with horizontal line, obtain the crossing intersection point with H-D figure, the distance of this intersection point correspondence is a full hardening deepness.

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