CN102967383B - Method for determining temperature field of aluminum alloy along axial direction of sample during end quenching - Google Patents
Method for determining temperature field of aluminum alloy along axial direction of sample during end quenching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of heat treatment of metal materials, and specifically relates to a method for determining a temperature field of an aluminum alloy along the axial direction of a sample during end quenching. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly cutting an end quenching sample into an L-shaped base and an I-shaped side cover, processing a groove along the height direction of the L-shaped base, processing two groups of screw holes in the L-shaped base and the I-shaped side cover, processing a hole in the bottom surface of the groove, arranging a thermocouple in the hole, screwing screws into the screw holes, carrying out end quenching on the end quenching sample after solution treatment, acquiring data until the temperature of the end quenching sample drops to the room temperature, drawing a temperature-time relation line according to experimental data measured by a data recorder, and obtaining the temperature field of the aluminum alloy along the axial direction of the sample during the end quenching. According to the method, the thermocouple is correct in mounting position and capable of extremely approach to the quenching end face of the sample, so that the thermocouple can be firmly combined with the sample, the influence caused by the external environment is small and the test result is real and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material Field of Heat-treatment, be specifically related to a kind of method along sample axial temperature field while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching.
Background technology
Along with the fast development in the fields such as Aero-Space and defence and military, the development of aluminum alloy junction member progressively changes to maximization, integration, and the demand of heavy in section aluminium alloy thick plate is constantly increased, also more and more higher to the requirement of plate property.Aluminium alloy thick plate, in solution hardening process, because sheet metal thickness more easily produces not through hardening phenomenon, causes the performance of plate surface and core inconsistent, thereby has restricted production and the use of aluminium alloy thick plate.In solution hardening process, by the relation between the actual cooling velocity of slab core and the critical cooling rate of TTP (Time Temperature Properties) curve estimation, can predict comparatively accurately whether through hardening of slab, during quenching, the continuous variation of sample core cooling velocity can cause the continuous variation of core structure, thereby set up the corresponding relation of cooling velocity and continuous cools tissue, temperature variation when Accurate Measurement quenches on aluminum alloy specimen quenching end face, the accurate calculating end face coefficient of heat transfer is had to decisive role, the end face coefficient of heat transfer is the major parameter of evaluating cooling ability of quenchants, also be the critical boundaries condition of quenching process computer simulation.In the time of can finding out Accurate Measurement aluminium alloy end quenching from application above, along the axial temperature field of sample, be very important, temperature field be temperature along with the function of time and spatial variations, i.e. T=f(x, y, z, t).
At present, about the mensuration in temperature field, aluminum alloy specimen central axis place, method both domestic and external is more consistent, specifically: first, process the aluminium alloy steel end-quenched of a cylindric or prism-shaped; Then, in the position that thermopair need to be installed, by the centripetal portion's axis of specimen surface, radially punch in place, by the installation of TC in deep hole; Finally, carry out end quenching experiment, record data record temperature field.Said method is very simple, convenient, still has some not enough: (1) thermocouple temperature measurement end position in deep hole is difficult for fixing, and in experimentation, point for measuring temperature easily changes, and causes the temperature data of collection inaccurate; (2) hole of installation thermopair directly communicates with the external world, and do not take safeguard measure, and in experimentation, environmental factor can affect the accuracy of thermometric greatly; (3) be subject to the restriction of thermopair installation method, cannot measure apart from the quenching end face utmost point temperature field of (thermopair and quenching end face distance are less than 1mm) nearby.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, a kind of method along sample axial temperature field while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching is provided, object, by changing the method for making of sample and the installation method of thermopair, overcomes the defect that affects measurement data stability and accuracy existing in prior art.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is carried out according to following steps:
(1) prepare sample: aluminum alloy blank to be measured is prepared into top with the cylindrical end quenching sample of cylindrical step, steel end-quenched is cut into " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover two parts along cylinder; The bottom surface of " L " shape base is the quenching end face of steel end-quenched, short transverse along the longitudinal cut surface of " L " shape base is processed a groove, the center line of groove floor and the central axes of steel end-quenched, take central axis by steel end-quenched and be symmetrical plane perpendicular to the plane of groove floor, on " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover, process two groups of screw holes, every group of screw hole consists of two screw holes up and down that lay respectively at " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover, and two screw holes are in the same size, central alignment;
(2) thermopair is installed: in groove floor along on the central axis of steel end-quenched, in the position that thermopair need to be installed, process the hole that 3-4mm is dark, after being connected, implants in hole thermopair one end both positive and negative polarity, and with and the aluminium alloy filament of blank same material the space riveting between thermopair and hole is tight, make neat being arranged in groove of thermocouple wire, remainder is drawn steel end-quenched from the opening of groove, the other end connection data registering instrument signal input channel of thermopair, with the screw with blank same material, screwing in screw hole links together " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover, after screwing in screw, guarantee that the quenching end face of sample is concordant, sample installs to be reinforced in outside afterwards with pipe collar, obturaged with fire-resistant cotton or fire clay in the gap of sample junction, " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover connect as one,
(3) end quenching test: steel end-quenched is carried out in muffle furnace to solution treatment, solution treatment finishes steel end-quenched to be transferred to from muffle furnace to quenching frame in latter 5 seconds and carries out end quenching, open the time dependent data of datalogger collecting temperature, keep hardening media constant flow, hardening media is vertically ejected into the center of steel end-quenched quenching end face, until the temperature of steel end-quenched drops to room temperature;
(4) deal with data: after end quenching finishes, the experimental data recording according to datalogger, draws out temperature-time curve, while obtaining aluminium alloy end quenching along the axial temperature field of sample.
Longitudinal cut surface of described " L " shape base is 1/20 ~ 1/5 of sample column diameter apart from the distance of steel end-quenched central axis, and the distance of transverse cuts identity distance quenching end face is 1/50 ~ 1/10 of height of column.
Knuckle is processed in the corner of described " L " shape base.
Described groove one end is 1/300 ~ 1/50 of height of column apart from the distance of quenching end face.
Described " L " shape base screwing hole is positioned at quenching end face one end and processes step.
Compared with prior art, feature of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The effect that the inventive method is processed into knuckle by the corner of " L " shape base is to prevent that in quenching process, producing stress concentrates, and avoids sample cracking;
The size of the groove of offering in the inventive method is fixed occasionally to facilitate at its bottom surface installation thermoelectricity, makes the installation of TC reduce easily the impact of Pocket Machining on sample globality simultaneously;
Hardening media described in the inventive method is liquid medium, gaseous medium or gas-liquid mixed state medium.
The inventive method is arranged in quenching end face one end processing step effect in " L " shape base screwing hole is to facilitate the nut of attachment screw to embed step, guarantees that the rear quenching end face of sample assembling is concordant; And the screw material effect consistent with aluminum alloy specimen material is, avoid the material of introducing different thermal capacitances that temperature field is measured and impacted;
In the inventive method, by the installation of TC, the effect on the central axis of groove floor is the temperature variation of sample core while recording end quenching accurately; The divisional plane of groove floor and sample is not coplanar, can effectively reduce water vapor and the impact of cold air on experimental result in experimentation;
The effect of using pipe collar to reinforce sample in the inventive method is to guarantee that " L " shape base contacts well with " 1 " shape side cover in experiment, combination is firm; Using the effect in fire-resistant cotton or fire clay sealing gap, junction is to reduce water vapor and the impact of cold air on experimental result;
Hardening media described in the inventive method is not limited to liquid medium, can also be gaseous state or gas-liquid mixed state medium, while using different medium to quench, will carry out corresponding change to quenching unit.
The beneficial effect of the inventive method is:
(1) position of thermocouple accurately, be combined with sample firmly;
(2) thermopair can be arranged on the position (can be less than 1mm with quenching end face distance) that very approaches sample quenching end face, the temperature field of the end face that can Measurement accuracy closely quenches;
(3) thermopair is affected by the external environment littlely, and test result is true and reliable;
(4) sample structure simple, be easy to processing, can reuse.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of steel end-quenched of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of structure shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of parts 1 in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of structure shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the left view of structure shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of parts 2 in Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of structure shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is temperature-time curve during sample end quenching in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing within the scope of first 60 seconds of curve shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is temperature-time curve during sample air cooling in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing within the scope of first 120 seconds of curve shown in Figure 10;
In figure: 1: " L " shape base; 2: " 1 " shape side cover; 3: groove; 4: screw hole.
Embodiment
Steel end-quenched structure in the inventive method, as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 7, is the cylindrical end quenching sample that top bit is equipped with a cylindrical step, steel end-quenched is cut into " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2) two parts;
The bottom surface of " L " shape base (1) is the quenching end face of steel end-quenched, knuckle is processed into in the corner of " L " shape base (1), short transverse along " L " shape base (1) is processed a groove (3), the center line of groove (3) bottom surface and the central axes of steel end-quenched, take central axis by steel end-quenched and be symmetrical plane perpendicular to the plane of groove (3) bottom surface, at " L " shape base (1) and the upper processing of " 1 " shape side cover (2) two groups of screw holes (4), every group of screw hole (4) consists of two screw holes (4) up and down that lay respectively at " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2), two screw holes (4) are in the same size, central alignment, can form a long screw hole for connecting sample, screw hole (4) on " L " shape base (1) is positioned at sample quenching end face one end and processes step.
Datalogger model described in the present invention is HIOKI8430-21.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
Take water as hardening media is to measuring along the axial temperature field of sample in 7B50 aluminium alloy straight-line hardening process.
(1) prepare sample: on the thick 7B50 aluminum alloy hot rolling slab of 80mm, draw materials, be processed into top as shown in Figure 1 with the cylindrical end quenching sample of cylindrical step, the diameter of steel end-quenched gauge length part is 70mm, is highly 200mm, the diameter of its head step is 80mm, is highly 10mm;
The position of departing from steel end-quenched central axis 6mm from top stage cuts into sample " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2) two parts, the bottom surface of " L " shape base (1) is the quenching end face of steel end-quenched, the knuckle that diameter is 20mm is processed into in the corner of " L " shape base (1), short transverse along " L " shape base (1) is processed a groove (3), the center line of groove (3) bottom surface and the central axes of steel end-quenched, groove (3) is of a size of 7mm * 6mm * 208mm, wherein the height of the face test coupon quenching end face of 7mm * 6mm is 2mm,
Take central axis by steel end-quenched and be symmetrical plane perpendicular to the plane of groove floor, at " L " shape base (1) and two groups of nominal diameters of the upper processing of " 1 " shape side cover (2), be 10mm screw hole (4), every group of screw hole (4) consists of two screw holes (4) up and down that lay respectively at " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2), two screw holes (4) are in the same size, central alignment, the one end that is positioned at quenching end face at screw hole (4) processes the step that diameter is 14mm, for placing the nut of sunk screw, adopting the 7B50 aluminium alloy identical with sample to be processed into nominal diameter is 10mm, nut diameter is the sunk screw of 14mm, the length of screw is slightly less than the total depth of screw hole.
(2) thermopair is installed: on 7mm * 208mm bottom surface of groove (3), along steel end-quenched axis, thermopair is installed, during for Accurate Measurement straight-line hardening along the temperature field of sample axis direction, the present embodiment is installed 9 groups of thermopairs along sample axis, and the distance of they and quenching end face is followed successively by 3mm, 6mm, 10mm, 15mm, 25mm, 35mm, 65mm, 100mm, 160mm.First, the drill bit that is 1.5mm with diameter radially gets out in the position that thermopair need to be installed the hole that a degree of depth is 3mm along axis, hole is put in one end that thermopair both positive and negative polarity is welded together, then, the 7B50 aluminum-alloy wire that is 1mm with segment diameter is tight the gap riveting between hole and thermopair, thermopair is fully contacted with sample, and the combination that guarantees thermopair and sample is solid and reliable, by neat being arranged in groove (3) of thermocouple wire, and remainder is drawn steel end-quenched from 7mm * 6mm opening of " L " shape base (1) upper groove (3) upper end, finally, by in the correct signal input channel that is connected to HIOKI8430-21 datalogger of the other end of thermopair.
Assembling steel end-quenched: assigned address installs after thermopair in groove (3), " 1 " shape side cover (2) is placed on " L " shape base (1), while laying, guarantee that both are combined into a complete right cylinder sample, two-part screw hole (4) aligns, screw is screwed in to screw hole (4), connect, fixing " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2), after screwing in screw, guarantee that quenching end face is concordant, side at sample reinforces sample with pipe collar, make sample combination in experimentation firm, finally with fire-resistant asbestos, the breach gap of " L " shape base (1) upper grooves (3) is blocked, and with fire clay, the gap of " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2) junction and screw hole (4) gap are around blocked, prevent that water vapor and cold air from entering the interior test result that affects of sample.
(3) solution heat treatment: in muffle furnace, sample is carried out to solution treatment, solid solution system is incubated 2 hours at adopting 470 ℃+be incubated 6 hours at 483 ℃.
End hardening: steel end-quenched is transferred to from muffle furnace on the quenching frame that is equipped with flame-proof thermal insulation material, be less than for 5 seconds transfer time, open datalogger image data, and open rapidly the water jet that has regulated flow, start end hardening, in quenching process, the size of current and the height of water column remain unchanged, and stop test when steel end-quenched bulk temperature is down to room temperature.
(4) test result: the data of datalogger collection are depicted as to temperature-time curve, as shown in Figure 8, Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing within the scope of first 60 seconds of curve shown in Fig. 8, has experienced as seen from the figure the process of first increases and then decreases apart from the cooling velocity of sample within the scope of quenching end face 160mm; Quenching the incipient stage, the position cooling velocity nearer apart from quenching end face is larger.
Embodiment 2
Take air as hardening media is to measuring along the axial temperature field of sample in 7B50 aluminium alloy process air cooler.
(1) prepare sample: on the thick 7B50 aluminum alloy hot rolling slab of 80mm, draw materials, be processed into top as shown in Figure 1 with the cylindrical end quenching sample of cylindrical step, the diameter of steel end-quenched gauge length part is 70mm, is highly 200mm, the diameter of its head step is 80mm, is highly 10mm;
The position of departing from steel end-quenched central axis 6mm from top stage cuts into sample " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2) two parts, the bottom surface of " L " shape base (1) is the quenching end face of steel end-quenched, the knuckle that diameter is 20mm is processed into in the corner of " L " shape base (1), short transverse along " L " shape base (1) is processed a groove (3), the center line of groove (3) bottom surface and the central axes of steel end-quenched, groove (3) is of a size of 7mm * 6mm * 208mm, wherein the height of the face test coupon quenching end face of 7mm * 6mm is 2mm,
Take central axis by steel end-quenched and be symmetrical plane perpendicular to the plane of groove floor, at " L " shape base (1) and two groups of nominal diameters of the upper processing of " 1 " shape side cover (2), be 10mm screw hole (4), every group of screw hole (4) consists of two screw holes (4) up and down that lay respectively at " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2), two screw holes (4) are in the same size, central alignment, the one end that is positioned at quenching end face at screw hole (4) processes the step that diameter is 14mm, for placing the nut of sunk screw, adopting the 7B50 aluminium alloy identical with sample to be processed into nominal diameter is 10mm, nut diameter is the sunk screw of 14mm, the length of screw is slightly less than the total depth of screw hole.
(2) thermopair is installed: on 7mm * 208mm bottom surface of groove (3), along steel end-quenched axis, thermopair is installed, during for Accurate Measurement straight-line hardening along the temperature field of sample axis direction, the present embodiment is installed 9 groups of thermopairs along sample axis, and the distance of they and quenching end face is followed successively by 3mm, 6mm, 10mm, 15mm, 25mm, 35mm, 65mm, 100mm, 160mm.First, the drill bit that is 1.5mm with diameter radially gets out in the position that thermopair need to be installed the hole that a degree of depth is 4mm along axis, hole is put in one end that thermopair both positive and negative polarity is welded together, then, the 7B50 aluminum-alloy wire that is 1mm with segment diameter is tight the gap riveting between hole and thermopair, thermopair is fully contacted with sample, and the combination that guarantees thermopair and sample is solid and reliable, by neat being arranged in groove (3) of thermocouple wire, and remainder is drawn steel end-quenched from 7mm * 6mm opening of " L " shape base (1) upper groove (3) upper end, finally, by in the correct signal input channel that is connected to HIOKI8430-21 datalogger of the other end of thermopair.
Assembling steel end-quenched: assigned address installs after thermopair in groove (3), " 1 " shape side cover (2) is placed on " L " shape base (1), while laying, guarantee that both are combined into a complete right cylinder sample, two-part screw hole (4) aligns, screw is screwed in to screw hole (4), connect, fixing " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2), after screwing in screw, guarantee that quenching end face is concordant, side at sample reinforces sample with pipe collar, make sample combination in experimentation firm, finally with fire-resistant asbestos, the gap of the breach of " L " shape base (1) upper grooves (3) is blocked, and with fire clay, the gap of " L " shape base (1) and " 1 " shape side cover (2) junction and screw hole (4) gap are around blocked, prevent that water vapor and cold air from entering the interior test result that affects of sample.
(3) solution heat treatment: in muffle furnace, sample is carried out to solution treatment, solid solution system is incubated 2 hours at adopting 470 ℃+be incubated 6 hours at 483 ℃.
End hardening: solution treatment finishes steel end-quenched to be transferred to from muffle furnace to quenching frame in latter 5 seconds and carries out end quenching, on quenching frame, be fixed with the insulation sleeve of hard heat-insulated fire resistive material, the top stage of sample is stuck in edge on sleeve, step part parcel sample being exposed with fire-resistant asbestos is tight, remainder inserts in sleeve, the height of sleeve is slightly less than sample marking distance section height, quenching end face has just exposed edge under sleeve, open datalogger image data, in test process, guaranteeing does not have obvious Air Flow in test environment, when dropping to room temperature, sample bulk temperature stops experiment.
(4) experimental result: the data of datalogger collection are depicted as to temperature-time curve, and as shown in figure 10, Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing within the scope of first 120 seconds of curve shown in Figure 10.Almost synchronous apart from the temperature variation of sample within the scope of quenching end face 160mm as seen from the figure, cooling velocity changes little.
Claims (5)
1. while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching, along a method for sample axial temperature field, it is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
(1) prepare sample: aluminum alloy blank to be measured is prepared into top with the cylindrical end quenching sample of cylindrical step, steel end-quenched is cut into " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover two parts along cylinder; The bottom surface of " L " shape base is the quenching end face of steel end-quenched, short transverse along the longitudinal cut surface of " L " shape base is processed a groove, the center line of groove floor and the central axes of steel end-quenched, take central axis by steel end-quenched and be symmetrical plane perpendicular to the plane of groove floor, on " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover, process two groups of screw holes, every group of screw hole consists of two screw holes up and down that lay respectively at " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover, and two screw holes are in the same size, central alignment;
(2) thermopair is installed: in groove floor along on the central axis of steel end-quenched, in the position that thermopair need to be installed, process the hole that 3-4mm is dark, after being connected, implants in hole thermopair one end both positive and negative polarity, and with and the aluminium alloy filament of blank same material the space riveting between thermopair and hole is tight, make neat being arranged in groove of thermocouple wire, remainder is drawn steel end-quenched from the opening of groove, the other end connection data registering instrument signal input channel of thermopair, with the screw with blank same material, screwing in screw hole links together " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover, after screwing in screw, guarantee that the quenching end face of sample is concordant, sample installs to be reinforced in outside afterwards with pipe collar, obturaged with fire-resistant cotton or fire clay in the gap of sample junction, " L " shape base and " 1 " shape side cover connect as one,
(3) end quenching test: steel end-quenched is carried out in muffle furnace to solution treatment, solution treatment finishes steel end-quenched to be transferred to from muffle furnace to quenching frame in latter 5 seconds and carries out end quenching, open the time dependent data of datalogger collecting temperature, keep hardening media constant flow, hardening media is vertically ejected into the center of steel end-quenched quenching end face, until the temperature of steel end-quenched drops to room temperature;
(4) deal with data: after end quenching finishes, the experimental data recording according to datalogger, draws out temperature-time curve, while obtaining aluminium alloy end quenching along the axial temperature field of sample.
According to claim 1 a kind of while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching along the method for sample axial temperature field, longitudinal cut surface of " L " shape base described in it is characterized in that is 1/20～1/5 of sample column diameter apart from the distance of steel end-quenched central axis, and the distance of transverse cuts identity distance quenching end face is 1/50～1/10 of height of column.
According to claim 1 a kind of while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching along the method for sample axial temperature field, it is characterized in that knuckle is processed in the corner of described " L " shape base.
According to claim 1 a kind of while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching along the method for sample axial temperature field, it is characterized in that described groove one end is 1/300～1/50 of height of column apart from the distance of quenching end face.
According to claim 1 a kind of while measuring aluminium alloy end quenching along the method for sample axial temperature field, it is characterized in that described " L " shape base screwing hole is positioned at quenching end face one end and processes step.
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| CN104483030A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Method for measuring heating and cooling time of workpiece material |
| CN105044151B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-06-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of method for measuring aluminium alloy continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve |
| CN108007750B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-10-20 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Test piece for measuring and calculating heat penetration time of titanium alloy blank |
| CN110579293B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-06-22 | 中航飞机起落架有限责任公司 | Method for detecting quenching temperature of structural member in vacuum heat treatment |
| CN110819775A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | End quenching testing machine capable of measuring continuous temperature field and measuring method thereof |
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| CN102589740A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-18 | 成都天马铁路轴承有限公司 | Testing method for temperature variation of tampering core part of forging piece for large-section bearing inner and outer rings |
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| US6458319B1 (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 2002-10-01 | California Institute Of Technology | High performance P-type thermoelectric materials and methods of preparation |
| CN102589740A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-18 | 成都天马铁路轴承有限公司 | Testing method for temperature variation of tampering core part of forging piece for large-section bearing inner and outer rings |
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