CN108668959A - 一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖领域,公开了一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,包括以下步骤:亲鱼培育:向亲鱼投喂复合饲料;亲鱼配种:选择2龄以上性成熟的亲鱼,按在催产前一周,在复合饲料中添加生物催产素,连续喂养一周;人工催产:在大孔鮡繁殖季节,选择性成熟的亲鱼,注射催产激素,诱导其产卵和排精;人工受精:将受精卵均匀平铺于孵化箱中孵化;鱼苗培育:孵化箱内的受精卵全部孵化2~7天后,喂养煮熟后的鸡蛋黄;孵化7~10天后转入鱼苗培育池,喂养开口饵料,鱼苗体长达到2cm时逐步用配合饲料驯食,注意池内清洁消毒,预防疾病。本发明人工繁育方法,大大缩短了大孔鮡繁育的时间,提高了受精率和孵化率,提高了大孔鮡的产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域,特别涉及一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法。
背景技术
大孔鮡,属鮡科,原鮡属,为小型鱼类,常生活于海拔较高的山溪急流中,鳃孔较大,下唇两侧与颌须膜直接相连,唇后沟止于内侧颌须基部,体长形,背鳍前渐平扁尾部侧扁。大孔鮡属于肉食性,数量较少,属于濒危的土著鱼,因此需要对大孔鮡进行人工繁育提高大孔鮡的产量。
目前,大多数鱼类可以通过人工催产获得受精卵,少数鱼类因为特殊的生殖腺结构和特殊的生殖习性等原因,存在人工催产困难。大孔鮡因为生活在山区急流中,其生殖习性一直不为人们了解,加上其雄性生殖腺为薄片状,精液量少,雌雄性腺发育不同步等原因,因此研究大孔鮡的人工繁育方法具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,大大缩短了大孔鮡繁育的时间,提高了受精率和孵化率,提高了大孔鮡的产量。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)亲鱼培育:采取流水养殖池培育亲鱼,亲鱼放养密度为15~20尾/m2,投喂复合饲料;
(2)亲鱼配种:选择2龄以上性成熟的亲鱼,按雌雄比例1:1.5配组;在催产前一周,在复合饲料中添加生物催产素,其添加量为每公斤复合饲料中添加10-15克,连续喂养一周;
(3)人工催产:在大孔鮡繁殖季节,选择性成熟的亲鱼,注射催产激素,置于催产池内,诱导其产卵和排精;催产8-10h后,取雄性大孔鮡精巢,研碎得大孔鮡精液,同时将雌性成熟卵取出;将大孔鮡精液淋在卵上,混匀,静置3~8min,将受精卵清洗干净;
(4)人工受精:将受精卵均匀平铺于孵化箱中孵化;孵化过程中定时摇晃孵化箱,防止受精卵堆积,整个孵化过程遮光、避免阳光直射;
(5)鱼苗培育:孵化箱内的受精卵全部孵化2~7天后,喂养煮熟后的鸡蛋黄;孵化7~10天后转入鱼苗培育池,鱼苗放养密度为1000~1500尾/m2,喂养开口饵料,每次按鱼苗体重的3~8%的饲料量进行投喂,鱼苗体长达到2cm时逐步用配合饲料驯食,注意池内清洁消毒,预防疾病。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述复合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:膨化大豆50~60份,鱼泥40~50份,肉骨粉40~50份,蛋壳粉30~40份,玉米蛋白25~30份,茺蔚子20~30份,香附20~30份,泽兰20~30份,磷酸二氢钙20~30份,氨基酸10~15份,复合维生素5~10份。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述生物催产素由如下重量份的原料粉末混合所得:当归20~30份,丹参15~25份,金银花10~20份,仙灵脾10~20份,金樱子10~20份,红枣10~20份,黑豆10~20份。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述大孔鮡精液与卵的体积比为1:2~5。
优选的,步骤(4)中所述孵化箱温度为15~25℃,溶解氧含量为5~10mg/L。
优选的,步骤(4)中所述孵化箱内水深保持30~40cm。
优选的,步骤(5)中所述鱼苗饵料包括如下重量份的原料:油菜籽50~60份,硒蛋白30~40份,鸡蛋黄20~30份,木薯粉20~30份,龙胆草15~25份,甘草15~20份,螺旋藻10~20份,鱼油10~20份,复合维生素10~15份,微量元素5~10份,乳酸菌3~10份,氯化胆碱3~10份。
优选的,步骤(5)中所述配合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:酒糟50~60份,蛆粉40~50份,硒蛋白30~40份,肉粉20~30份,贝壳粉20~30份,磷酸氢钙20~30份,黄皮叶20~30份,干姜20~30份,人参叶20~30份,复合维生素10~15份,赖氨酸5~10份,牛磺酸3~10份,食盐3~10份。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果:
采用本发明人工繁育方法繁育大孔鮡,受精时间短,精子与卵子的结合量大,受精率高,达到95%以上,繁育时间短,孵化率高,达到85%以上,鱼苗成活率达到90%以上,且催产处理操作简单,降低了劳动量,提高了养殖效益。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)亲鱼培育:采取流水养殖池培育亲鱼,亲鱼放养密度为15尾/m2,投喂复合饲料;其中,复合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:膨化大豆50份,鱼泥40份,肉骨粉40份,蛋壳粉30份,玉米蛋白25份,茺蔚子20份,香附20份,泽兰20份,磷酸二氢钙20份,氨基酸10份,复合维生素5份;
(2)亲鱼配种:选择2龄以上性成熟的亲鱼,按雌雄比例1:1.5配组;在催产前一周,在复合饲料中添加生物催产素,其添加量为每公斤复合饲料中添加10克,连续喂养一周;其中,生物催产素由如下重量份的原料粉末混合所得:当归20份,丹参15份,金银花10份,仙灵脾10份,金樱子10份,红枣10份,黑豆10份;
(3)人工催产:在大孔鮡繁殖季节,选择性成熟的亲鱼,注射催产激素,置于催产池内,诱导其产卵和排精;催产8-10h后,取雄性大孔鮡精巢,研碎得大孔鮡精液,同时将雌性成熟卵取出;按照大孔鮡精液与卵的体积比为1:2,将大孔鮡精液淋在卵上,混匀,静置3~8min,将受精卵清洗干净;
(4)人工受精:将受精卵均匀平铺于孵化箱中孵化,设置孵化箱温度为15℃,溶解氧含量为5mg/L,孵化箱内水深保持30cm;孵化过程中定时摇晃孵化箱,防止受精卵堆积,整个孵化过程遮光、避免阳光直射;
(5)鱼苗培育:孵化箱内的受精卵全部孵化2~7天后,喂养煮熟后的鸡蛋黄;孵化7~10天后转入鱼苗培育池,鱼苗放养密度为1000尾/m2,喂养开口饵料,每次按鱼苗体重的3%的饲料量进行投喂,鱼苗体长达到2cm时逐步用配合饲料驯食,注意池内清洁消毒,预防疾病;
其中,鱼苗饵料包括如下重量份的原料:油菜籽50份,硒蛋白30份,鸡蛋黄20份,木薯粉20份,龙胆草15份,甘草15份,螺旋藻10份,鱼油10份,复合维生素10份,微量元素5份,乳酸菌3份,氯化胆碱3份;
其中,配合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:酒糟50份,蛆粉40份,硒蛋白30份,肉粉20份,贝壳粉20份,磷酸氢钙20份,黄皮叶20份,干姜20份,人参叶20份,复合维生素10份,赖氨酸5份,牛磺酸3份,食盐3份。
实施例2
一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)亲鱼培育:采取流水养殖池培育亲鱼,亲鱼放养密度为20尾/m2,投喂复合饲料;其中,复合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:膨化大豆55份,鱼泥45份,肉骨粉45份,蛋壳粉35份,玉米蛋白30份,茺蔚子25份,香附25份,泽兰25份,磷酸二氢钙25份,氨基酸12份,复合维生素8份;
(2)亲鱼配种:选择2龄以上性成熟的亲鱼,按雌雄比例1:1.5配组;在催产前一周,在复合饲料中添加生物催产素,其添加量为每公斤复合饲料中添加12克,连续喂养一周;其中,生物催产素由如下重量份的原料粉末混合所得:当归25份,丹参20份,金银花15份,仙灵脾15份,金樱子15份,红枣15份,黑豆15份;
(3)人工催产:在大孔鮡繁殖季节,选择性成熟的亲鱼,注射催产激素,置于催产池内,诱导其产卵和排精;催产8-10h后,取雄性大孔鮡精巢,研碎得大孔鮡精液,同时将雌性成熟卵取出;按照大孔鮡精液与卵的体积比为1:3,将大孔鮡精液淋在卵上,混匀,静置3~8min,将受精卵清洗干净;
(4)人工受精:将受精卵均匀平铺于孵化箱中孵化,设置孵化箱温度为20℃,溶解氧含量为8mg/L,孵化箱内水深保持35cm;孵化过程中定时摇晃孵化箱,防止受精卵堆积,整个孵化过程遮光、避免阳光直射;
(5)鱼苗培育:孵化箱内的受精卵全部孵化2~7天后,喂养煮熟后的鸡蛋黄;孵化7~10天后转入鱼苗培育池,鱼苗放养密度为1200尾/m2,喂养开口饵料,每次按鱼苗体重的5%的饲料量进行投喂,鱼苗体长达到2cm时逐步用配合饲料驯食,注意池内清洁消毒,预防疾病;
其中,鱼苗饵料包括如下重量份的原料:油菜籽55份,硒蛋白35份,鸡蛋黄25份,木薯粉25份,龙胆草20份,甘草20份,螺旋藻15份,鱼油15份,复合维生素12份,微量元素8份,乳酸菌8份,氯化胆碱5份;
其中,配合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:酒糟55份,蛆粉45份,硒蛋白35份,肉粉25份,贝壳粉25份,磷酸氢钙25份,黄皮叶25份,干姜25份,人参叶25份,复合维生素12份,赖氨酸8份,牛磺酸8份,食盐5份。
实施例3
一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)亲鱼培育:采取流水养殖池培育亲鱼,亲鱼放养密度为20尾/m2,投喂复合饲料;其中,复合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:膨化大豆60份,鱼泥50份,肉骨粉50份,蛋壳粉40份,玉米蛋白30份,茺蔚子30份,香附30份,泽兰30份,磷酸二氢钙30份,氨基酸15份,复合维生素10份;
(2)亲鱼配种:选择2龄以上性成熟的亲鱼,按雌雄比例1:1.5配组;在催产前一周,在复合饲料中添加生物催产素,其添加量为每公斤复合饲料中添加15克,连续喂养一周;其中,生物催产素由如下重量份的原料粉末混合所得:当归30份,丹参25份,金银花20份,仙灵脾20份,金樱子20份,红枣20份,黑豆20份;
(3)人工催产:在大孔鮡繁殖季节,选择性成熟的亲鱼,注射催产激素,置于催产池内,诱导其产卵和排精;催产8-10h后,取雄性大孔鮡精巢,研碎得大孔鮡精液,同时将雌性成熟卵取出;按照大孔鮡精液与卵的体积比为1:5,将大孔鮡精液淋在卵上,混匀,静置3~8min,将受精卵清洗干净;
(4)人工受精:将受精卵均匀平铺于孵化箱中孵化,设置孵化箱温度为25℃,溶解氧含量为10mg/L,孵化箱内水深保持40cm;孵化过程中定时摇晃孵化箱,防止受精卵堆积,整个孵化过程遮光、避免阳光直射;
(5)鱼苗培育:孵化箱内的受精卵全部孵化2~7天后,喂养煮熟后的鸡蛋黄;孵化7~10天后转入鱼苗培育池,鱼苗放养密度为1500尾/m2,喂养开口饵料,每次按鱼苗体重的8%的饲料量进行投喂,鱼苗体长达到2cm时逐步用配合饲料驯食,注意池内清洁消毒,预防疾病;
其中,鱼苗饵料包括如下重量份的原料:油菜籽60份,硒蛋白40份,鸡蛋黄30份,木薯粉30份,龙胆草25份,甘草20份,螺旋藻20份,鱼油20份,复合维生素15份,微量元素10份,乳酸菌10份,氯化胆碱10份;
其中,配合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:酒糟60份,蛆粉50份,硒蛋白40份,肉粉30份,贝壳粉30份,磷酸氢钙30份,黄皮叶30份,干姜30份,人参叶30份,复合维生素15份,赖氨酸10份,牛磺酸10份,食盐10份。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其它的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)亲鱼培育:采取流水养殖池培育亲鱼,亲鱼放养密度为15~20尾/m2,投喂复合饲料;
(2)亲鱼配种:选择2龄以上性成熟的亲鱼,按雌雄比例1:1.5配组;在催产前一周,在复合饲料中添加生物催产素,其添加量为每公斤复合饲料中添加10-15克,连续喂养一周;
(3)人工催产:在大孔鮡繁殖季节,选择性成熟的亲鱼,注射催产激素,置于催产池内,诱导其产卵和排精;催产8-10h后,取雄性大孔鮡精巢,研碎得大孔鮡精液,同时将雌性成熟卵取出;将大孔鮡精液淋在卵上,混匀,静置3~8min,将受精卵清洗干净;
(4)人工受精:将受精卵均匀平铺于孵化箱中孵化;孵化过程中定时摇晃孵化箱,防止受精卵堆积,整个孵化过程遮光、避免阳光直射;
(5)鱼苗培育:孵化箱内的受精卵全部孵化2~7天后,喂养煮熟后的鸡蛋黄;孵化7~10天后转入鱼苗培育池,鱼苗放养密度为1000~1500尾/m2,喂养开口饵料,每次按鱼苗体重的3~8%的饲料量进行投喂,鱼苗体长达到2cm时逐步用配合饲料驯食,注意池内清洁消毒,预防疾病。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述复合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:膨化大豆50~60份,鱼泥40~50份,肉骨粉40~50份,蛋壳粉30~40份,玉米蛋白25~30份,茺蔚子20~30份,香附20~30份,泽兰20~30份,磷酸二氢钙20~30份,氨基酸10~15份,复合维生素5~10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述生物催产素由如下重量份的原料粉末混合所得:当归20~30份,丹参15~25份,金银花10~20份,仙灵脾10~20份,金樱子10~20份,红枣10~20份,黑豆10~20份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述大孔鮡精液与卵的体积比为1:2~5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述孵化箱温度为15~25℃,溶解氧含量为5~10mg/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述孵化箱内水深保持30~40cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述鱼苗饵料包括如下重量份的原料:油菜籽50~60份,硒蛋白30~40份,鸡蛋黄20~30份,木薯粉20~30份,龙胆草15~25份,甘草15~20份,螺旋藻10~20份,鱼油10~20份,复合维生素10~15份,微量元素5~10份,乳酸菌3~10份,氯化胆碱3~10份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的大孔鮡的人工繁育方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述配合饲料包括如下重量份的原料:酒糟50~60份,蛆粉40~50份,硒蛋白30~40份,肉粉20~30份,贝壳粉20~30份,磷酸氢钙20~30份,黄皮叶20~30份,干姜20~30份,人参叶20~30份,复合维生素10~15份,赖氨酸5~10份,牛磺酸3~10份,食盐3~10份。
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